xiii. Between eight and ten minutes after the disappearance of the

meteor, there was a loud and heavy report, accompanied by a very sensible jar; it did not much resemble either thunder or the report of a cannon, but was louder, shorter, and sharper than either, and was followed by no perceptible echo.

xiv. A friend of Dr. Dwight’s, who was in Berlin at the time, about twenty-three miles due N. of Newhaven, saw the meteor distinctly, but made no particular observations. His account accorded generally with that given; but the meteor appeared to him larger, more elevated, and somewhat more to the east in its apparent place. No account could be obtained of any fragments which had fallen from it.—_Silliman’s Journal_, xiii. 35.

4. _Remarkable Meteoric Phenomenon, described by_ Chladni.—A noise, resembling thunder in its rolling nature, was heard at Saarbruck and the environs, about four o’clock on the 1st of April, 1826, the atmosphere being clear, and the sun shining brightly. During the sound, a greyish object, apparently about three feet and a half in height, was seen in the air, rapidly approaching the earth, and there expanding itself like a sheet; there was then silence for about a minute, after which another sound, resembling thunder, was heard, as if it had originated at the place where the meteor fell. Nothing was found when the place was afterwards examined.—_Bull. Univ._ A. viii. 143. [p489]

5. _Aurora Borealis seen in the Day-time at Canonmills_.—The morning of Sunday, September 9th, was rainy, with a light gale from the N.E. Before mid-day the wind began to veer to the west, and the clouds in the north-western horizon cleared away: the blue sky in that quarter assumed the form of the segment of a very large circle, with a well-defined line, the clouds above continuing dense, and covering the rest of the heavens. The centre of the azure arch gradually inclined more to the north, and reached an elevation of nearly 20°. In a short time very thin fleecy clouds began to rise from the horizon within the blue arch; and through these very faint perpendicular streaks, of a sort of milky light, could be perceived shooting; the eye being thus guided, could likewise detect the same pale streaks passing over the intense azure arch, but they were extremely slight and evanescent. Between nine and ten in the evening of the same day, the aurora borealis was very brilliant: so that there is no reason to doubt that the azure arch in the morning, and the pale light seen shooting across it, were connected with the same phenomenon.—_Jameson’s Jour._ 1827, p. 378.

6. _Aurora Borealis in Siberia_.—Baron Wrangle says, that in Siberia, when shooting stars pass across the space occupied by polar lights, fiery beams suddenly arise in the place traversed by the shooting star: further, that when a polar beam rises high towards the zenith, the full moon also being high, it gradually forms a luminous circle around the moon, at a distance of 20° or 30° from her, remains in this form for a short time, and then disappears.

7. _On the Presence of Ammonia in Argillaceous Minerals_.—Being engaged in the examination of different specimens of gypsum, M. Bouis observed, that traces of ammonia were evident in one containing much argillaceous matter. The peculiar odour common to argillaceous minerals when breathed upon, was very striking in this specimen of gypsum; when a portion of it was moistened with solution of potash, and muriatic acid brought near, white vapours were produced, and reddened litmus paper was very quickly rendered of a blue colour in its vicinity.

It was now suspected that all mineral substances, emitting an argillaceous odour, contained ammonia; a great number of specimens were tried, being moistened with solution of caustic potash, and examined by litmus paper. In no case was ammonia absent, and with common clay it continued to be evolved for more than two days. Amongst the substances tried, were pipe clay, other clays, numerous gypsums, Paris plaster, steatite, &c. The antiquity of the mineral seemed to have no relation to the ammonia.

M. Bouis concludes that, in all cases, the argillaceous smell of minerals is connected with, and dependent upon, the presence of ammonia, the latter being the vehicle of this particular odour.—_Annales de Chimie_, xxxv. 333. [p490]

8. _Composition of Apatite_.—According to M. Rose, the apatite from the following localities gave the annexed proportions of chloride and fluoride of calcium, the rest being phosphate of lime with occasional traces of iron and magnesia:—

S. G. Chlo. Calc. Fluor. Calc. Apatite from Suarum in Norway 3.174 4.280 4.590 Cabo de Gota in Spain 3.235 0.885 7.049 Arendal 3.194 0.801 7.010 Greiner in the Tyrol 3.175 0.150 7.690 Faldigl, ditto 3.166 0.100 7.620 St. Gothard 3.197 trace 7.690 Ehrenfriedersdorf 3.211 trace 7.690

_Annales de Chimie_.

9. _Burmese Petroleum Wells_.—“The gentlemen of the mission examined carefully the celebrated Petroleum Wells, near which they remained for eight days, owing to the accident of the steam-vessel taking the ground in their vicinity. Some of the wells are from thirty-seven to fifty-three fathoms in depth, and are said to yield at an average, daily, from 130 to 185 gallons of the earth-oil. The wells are scattered over an area of about sixteen square miles. The wells are private property, the owners paying a tax of five per cent. of the produce to the state. This commodity is almost universally used by the Burmans as lamp oil. Its price on the spot does not, on an average, exceed from fivepence to sevenpence halfpenny per cwt. The other useful mineral or saline productions of the Burman empire are coal, saltpetre, soda, and culinary salt. One of the lakes affording the latter, which is within six or seven miles of the capital, was examined by the gentlemen of the mission.” Crawford’s Mission to Ava.—_Jameson’s Journal_, 1827, p. 366.

10. _Direction of the Branches of Trees_.—Professor Eaton remarks that all trees with spreading branches accommodate the direction of the lower branches to the surface of the earth over which they extend, as may be seen in orchards growing on the sides of hills, and in all open forests; and inquires what influence can the earth have upon the branches on the upper side of a tree, which causes them to form a different angle with the body of the tree from the angle formed by the branches on the lower side, so that all the branches hold a parallel direction to the earth’s surface.—_Silliman’s Journal_, xiii. 194.

11. _Effects of Light on Vegetation_.—The following observations by Professor Eaton are dated Rensselaer school, Troy, April 30, 1827. “Clouds and rain have obscured the hemisphere during the last six days. In that time the leaves of all the forests which are seen from this place have greatly expanded. But they were all of a pallid hue until this afternoon. Within the period of about six hours, they have all changed their colour to a beautiful green. As the only efficient change which has taken place, is that we have a [p491] serene sky, and a bright sun, we may say with confidence that this change of colour is produced by the action of the sun’s rays.”

“Seven years ago, next month, I had a still more favourable opportunity to observe this phenomenon in company with the Hon. J. Lansing, late Chancellor of this State. While we were engaged in taking a geological survey of his manor of Blenheim, the leaves of the forest had expanded to almost the common size in cloudy weather. I believe the sun had scarcely shone upon them in twenty days. Standing upon a hill, we observed that the dense forests upon the opposite side of the Schoharie were almost white. The sun now began to shine in full brightness. The colour of the forest absolutely changed so fast that we could perceive its progress. By the middle of the afternoon, the whole of these extensive forests, many miles in length, presented their usual summer dress.”—_Silliman’s Journal_, xiii. 193.

12. _Organization and Reproduction of the Trufle_.—The trufle, according to the account given of it by M. Turpin, in a memoir read to the Academy of Sciences, is a vegetable entirely destitute of leafy appendages or of roots; it is nothing more than a rounded subterraneous mass, absorbing nourishment upon every point of its surface, and the reproduction of which is dependent upon bodies generated within its substance. The trufle is composed of, i. globular vesicles, destined, to the reproduction of the vegetable; ii. short and barren filaments, called by M. Turpin, _tigellules_. The whole forms a substance, at first white, but which becomes brown by age, with the exception of particular white veins. This change of colour is dependent upon the presence of the reproductive bodies or _trufinelles_. Each globular vesicle is fitted to give birth, on its internal surface, to a multitude of these reproductive bodies, but there are only a few of them which perfect the young vegetable. These dilate considerably, and produce internally other smaller vesicles, of which, two, three, or four increase in size, become brown, are beset with small points on their exterior surface, and fill the interior of the larger vesicle. The small masses thus formed, are the _trufinelles_, and become trufles after the death of their parent. Thus the brown parts of the trufle are those which contain the trufinelles, and the interposed white veins are the parts which are destitute of trufinelles. The parent trufle, having accomplished its growth and the formation of the reproductive bodies within, gradually dissolves and supplies that aliment to the young vegetable which is proper for them; the cavity originally occupied by it in the earth is then left occupied by a multitude of young trufles, of which the stronger starve or destroy the others, whilst they frequently adhere together, and, enlarging in size, reproduce the phenomena already described.

The reporters of this memoir to the Academy state that they have verified M. Turpin’s account, but point out a circumstance in the natural history of the trufle, which is still unexplained. If the [p492] method described be the only mode in which the trufle is reproduced, then it is difficult to comprehend the enormous multiplication of that vegetable in certain parts of France, where immense quantities are annually collected without exhausting or even diminishing the race. If the plant has no means of progression, how can the young trufles leave the place of their birth, and become disseminated over the soil? The Mémoire received the approbation of the Academy.—_Revue Ency._ xxxv. 794.

13. _Alteration of Corn in a subterraneous Repository_.—An inhabitant of Deneuvre in the department of Merthe, whilst excavating in the locality of the ancient citadel of that town, found a large quantity of corn which appeared to have been carbonized. A portion was sent to M. Braconnot for examination, but without any particulars of the cavity containing it. The grain was smooth on the exterior, and unchanged in form, but its aspect announced the entire destruction of its proximate principles. It floated on water, could be crushed between the finger to a black powder, and when rubbed on paper left traces resembling those of black chalk.

Being analysed, it was found to consist principally of a substance resembling ulmine in its properties, ulmate of lime and carbonaceous matter: the proportions were

Ulmine 26.5 Ulmate of lime, containing some phosphate of lime and a little oxide of iron 42.0 Carbonaceous matter 30.0 Muriates of potash and lime 1.5 Nitrates of potash and lime 1.5 Fatty matter of the consistency of wax, undetermined. ----- 100.0

Although the time during which this corn has been stored up is probably very long, still M. Braconnot thinks the principal cause of the change in it has been humidity; and thinks also that the same may have been the case with the corn lately found in an Egyptian tomb[135], and quotes the known fact of corn having been found at Scarpone, an ancient Roman station, preserved in good condition, during eighteen centuries, in a reservoir constructed of Roman mortar.

The best use that could be made of the carbonized corn of Deneuvre was to apply it as a manure, for it contained the best elements of a substance of this kind, and M. Braconnot had long since observed the presence of ulmine in good manure, its acid properties, and its effects on vegetation. He adds also that Bruyères earth of excellent quality gave one-fourth of a combustible matter formed of ulmine and a carbonaceous body but little soluble in potash, the remaining three-fourths being a pure siliceous sand without a trace of lime. Yet so effectual is this earth, that, where it cannot be obtained, certain exotics cannot be cultivated.—_Annales de Chimie_, xxxv. 262. [p493]

FOOTNOTE:

[135] See p. 210 of the last Number.

14. _Quick Method of putting Insects to Death_.—The following method is by M. Ricord, for the use of naturalists. The insect is to be fixed on a piece of cork and put under a jar or vessel with a little ether; the latter being placed either in a capsule, or on the plate on which the jar or glass is placed: the vessel should apply closely, that the vapour of the ether may be retained, and the air within be prevented from changing its place. The insect thus immersed in the ethereal atmosphere will soon die without having time to hurt its form or appearance by violence.—_Bull. Univ._ B. xii. 295.

15. _Destruction of Snails by common Salt_.—M. Em. Rousseau had applied common salt as a manure to a small piece of garden, and remarked that where snails had come in contact with the salt they quickly died. Wishing to confirm the fact, he strewed some salt upon the ground and placed a number of snails amongst it; all those which came out of their shells and touched the salt immediately threw out a greenish globular froth, and in a few minutes were dead. The fact may be turned to account by agriculturists and gardeners.—_Bull. Univ._ D. viii. 276.

16. _Remarkable Hairy Man_.—The following account is given of an individual of this kind in Crawford’s Mission to Ava. “As connected with this department may be mentioned the existence at Ava of a man covered from head to foot with hair, whose history is not less remarkable than that of the celebrated porcupine man who excited so much curiosity in England and other parts of Europe near a century ago. The hair on the face of this singular being, the ears included, is shaggy, and about eight inches long. On the breast and shoulders it is from four to five. It is singular that the teeth of this individual are defective in number, the molares or grinders being entirely wanting. This person is a native of the Shan country, or Lao, and from the banks of the upper portion of the Saluen, or Martaban river; he was presented to the king of Ava as a curiosity, by the prince of that country. At Ava he married a Burmese woman, by whom he has two daughters; the eldest resembles her mother, the youngest is covered with hair like her father, only that it is white or fair, whereas his is now brown or black, having, however, been fair when a child, like that of the infant. With the exceptions mentioned, both the father and his child are perfectly well-formed, and, indeed, for the Burman race, rather handsome. The whole family were sent by the king to the residence of the Mission, where drawings and descriptions of them were taken.”—_Jameson’s Jour._ 1827, p. 368.

17. _Application of Remedies by Absorption from the Surface_.—The following are the results obtained by M. Bailly, who has been assiduously engaged in trying this plan.

_Salts of Morphia_, applied in this manner, speedily exhibit their [p494] action upon the brain and nervous system, by the contraction of the pupils, and often by dysuria and ischuria; nausea and vomiting are rare; sometimes a sensation of itching is felt in the nasal cavities, and papular eruptions not unfrequently appear upon the skin.

_Extract of Belladonna_, applied upon the upper surface of the feet, produced all the consequences derived from its internal exhibition; such as dilatation of the pupil and impaired vision.

_Extract of Squill_, while it augments transpiration, promotes the urinary secretion, and facilitates expectoration.

_Well powdered Strychnine_ supports the suppuration of wounds tolerably well, and stimulates the locomotive system without inconveniently exciting the brain. It happens also in certain palsies, such as those which are caused by the carbonate of lead, that the power of motion is restored without the production of those violent shocks which have been so unpleasant to patients. M. Bailly has observed, with respect to this medicine in general, that it often excites a marked turgescence about the head, heightening the colour of the face, which demands the suspension of the remedy, if not the intervention of blood-letting.

_Perchloride of Mercury_ (corrosive sublimate) produces an intense sensation of heat, and corrodes the parts with which it comes in contact. Sometimes, however, it has been known to relieve the pains of exostoses, &c. _The proto-chloride_ (calomel) also excites pain, particularly if rubbed upon a recently blistered surface. In this way it may cure old syphilitic affections; but as a set-off against these advantages, there is sometimes a difficulty in keeping up the action, as the absorbent powers of the surface wear out by long continued contact.

One great advantage of the _endermic_ practice is the exemption of the digestive organs from an inconvenient or unaccustomed stimulus; and its importance must be apparent where the stomach is incapable of retaining medicines, or the power of deglutition is lost.—_Nouv. Bib. Med._—_Med. Rep._ v. 341.

18. _On the Strix Cunicularia, or Coquimbo Owl_.—Captain Head, and every reader of his “Rough Notes,” will, we are sure thank us for any hint tending to throw light on facts related in that spirited and interesting narrative; particularly as, in the course of his adventures, circumstances are occasionally recorded somewhat startling to those who are in the habit of considering whatever surpasses their ken or comprehension as a travellers’ tale. Thus the concluding part of the following passage, however true to the very letter, as we shall show, has we know excited considerable surprise, and possibly considerable doubt as to its accuracy.

“The Biscacho[136] is found all over the plains of the Pampas; like rabbits they live in holes, which are in groups in every [p495] direction, and which make galloping over these plains very dangerous. These animals are never seen in the day, but as soon as the lower limb of the sun reaches the horizon, they are seen issuing from their holes in all directions, which are scattered in groups like little villages, all over the Pampas. The biscachos, when full grown, are nearly as large as badgers, but their head resembles a rabbit, excepting that they have large bushy whiskers. In the evening they sit outside their holes, and they all appear to be moralising. They are the most serious looking animals I ever saw; and even the young ones are grey headed, have mustachios, and look thoughtful and grave. _In the day time their holes are always guarded by two little owls, who are never an instant away from their post. As one gallops by these owls, they always stand looking at the stranger and then at each other, moving their old-fashioned heads in a manner which is quite ridiculous, until one rushes by them, when fear gets the better of their dignified looks, and they both run into the biscachos’ “hole_.”—(Head’s Rough Notes, p. 82.)

Captain Head has not given us the name of this owl, but in all probability it was the Strix Cunicularia, or Coquimbo Owl, which is described as flying _in pairs_, sometimes by day, and making its nest _in long subterraneous burrows_[137]. In the singular motion of its head, it however corresponds with the Strix Brasiliana, or Brownish Horned Owl, mentioned by Maregrave in his History of Brazil, which he says is easily tamed, and can so _turn about its neck_ that the tip of the beak shall exactly point at the middle of the back; that it also plays with men like an ape, _making many mowes_, (as Willoughby translates it,) _and antic mimical faces_, and snapping with its bill. But for the best account we have met with, we are indebted to the splendid continuation of Wilson’s American Ornithology by Lucien Bonaparte, under the title “Burrowing Owl—a bird,” he says, “that so far from seeking refuge in the ruined habitations of man, fixes his residence within the earth; instead of concealing itself in solitary recesses of the forests, delights to dwell on open plains, in company with animals remarkable for their social disposition, neatness, and order. Instead of sailing heavily forth in the obscurity of the evening or morning twilight, and then retreating to its secluded abode, this bird enjoys the broadest glare of the noon-day sun, and flying rapidly along, searches for food or pleasure during the cheerful light of the day. In the trans-Mississippian territories of the United States, this very singular bird _resides exclusively in the villages of the Marmot, or Prairie Dog_, whose excavations are so commodious, as to render it unnecessary that it should dig for itself, as it is said to do in other parts of the world, where no burrowing animals exist. These villages are very numerous, and variable in their extent, sometimes covering only a few acres, and at others spreading over the surface of the country for miles together. They are composed of slightly [p496] elevated mounds, about two feet in width at the base, and seldom exceeding eighteen inches in height. In all these Prairie dog villages, the burrowing owl is seen moving briskly about, or else in small flocks scattered among the mounds, and at a distance it may be mistaken for the marmot itself when sitting erect. They manifest _but little timidity, and allow themselves to be approached sufficiently close for shooting_; but if alarmed, some or all of them soar away, and settle down again at a short distance: if further disturbed, their flight is continued until they are no longer in view, _or they descend into their dwellings, whence they are difficult to dislodge_. The burrows into which these owls have been seen to descend on the plains of the river Platte, where they are the most numerous, were evidently excavated by the marmot, whence it has been interred by the learned and indefatigable Say[138], that they were either common, though unfriendly residents of the same habitation, or that the owl was the sole occupant by right of conquest.” We have in the statements of Captain Head, however, a proof that both tenants habitually resort at the same time to one burrow; and we are assured by Pike and others, that a common danger often drives them into the same excavation where lizards and rattlesnakes also enter for concealment and safety.

In the above extracts we have noted in italics the striking similarity to the account given by Captain Head.

E. S.

FOOTNOTES:

[136] This animal is probably either the Cavia Paca, Spotted Cavy, or Arctomys Monax, Ferruginous Brown Marmot, though the latter is described as principally found in North America.

[137] Turton, Lin. vol. i. 169.

[138] We have had no opportunity of consulting Say, and therefore can only refer our readers to an author who has collected an interesting store of facts relative to natural science, and particularly with regard to this bird.

19. _Naturalisation of Fish_.—We have received the following from Mr. Arnold of Guernsey.

Sir, 16th _August_, 1827.

Having understood that the correctness of Dr. Mac Culloch’s statements respecting my pond, and the attempts to propagate sea fish in it, have been questioned, I beg to say that his statements are perfectly correct; and to add further, that during nearly four months of the year the water is perfectly fresh, and is drunk by cattle.

In summer, the saltness varies; but no examination yet made has discovered in it more than half as much salt as is contained in the neighbouring sea-water.

I further beg leave to add, that the general size of the pond in summer is about four acres and a half; in winter, when swelled by the rains, it is extended to upwards of fifteen acres; which will account for the freshness of the water.

I remain, Sir, your obedient humble servant, _To the Editor of the Quarterly Journal_. J. B. ARNOLD.

20. _Mode of keeping Apples_.—It seems not to be generally known, that apples may be kept the whole year round by being [p497] immersed in corn, which receives no injury from their contact. If the American apples were packed among grain, they would arrive here in much finer condition. In Portugal it is customary to have a small ledge in every apartment, (immediately under the cornice,) barely wide enough to hold an apple: in this way the ceilings are fringed with fruit, which are not easily got at without a ladder; while one glance of the eye serves to shew if any depredations have been committed.

21. _On the Cultivation and Forcing Sea Kale_.—The Crambe maritima, or Sea Kale, is an indigenous plant of this and other countries of Europe, and found on the sandy beach of the sea-shore.

It has been long introduced into our gardens as a culinary vegetable, but it is only within the last thirty years, that it has been brought into general use, and subjected to a mode of cultivation, very different from that which was first bestowed upon it.

The principal value of this plant is its property of early growth; appearing at table at a time when few such things can be had. It precedes asparagus, for which it is no bad substitute; and as it makes a dish of itself, it gives a variety to the delicacies of the table; and if the opinions given of its medicinal virtues be correct, it is well worth cultivation, and the notice we are about to take of it, in describing an easy method of having it in great perfection throughout the winter months, and up to the time it may be gathered from the natural ground.

Prepare one or more beds (with alleys two feet wide between) for the reception of the seeds, in the following manner: mark out the bed or beds two and a half feet wide, and of any required length, as near as can be from east to west; line off the sides and ends, driving a stake at each corner to ascertain the boundaries; dig out the earth of the bed one spade deep, removing it to some distance; fill this excavation with the purest and finest sand which can be procured in the neighbourhood, either from the sea-shore, the bed of a river, or from a pit. It signifies nothing of what colour it is, so it be pure, and as free from loam as it can be had; for in proportion as the soil of the bed is poor or rich, so will the flavour of the plant be when dressed. When this precaution is not taken, and when the plants are suffered to enjoy the rich and cultivated soil of a kitchen garden, or the situation made so, by rich dressings or coverings of fresh manure, the plants are stimulated into an unnatural luxuriance, which deteriorates the flavour, imparting to them that strong disagreeable scent and taste, resembling common cabbage, than which nothing can be a greater drawback on the value of the vegetable; but when grown entirely in pure sand, the flavour is mild and pleasant, and is relished by most palates.

When the bed is filled with sand and raised therewith about six inches above the natural level of the ground, (and this should be done previous to the end of March, which is the sowing season,) draw a drill along the middle, from end to end, about three inches [p498] deep, in which drop the seeds pretty thickly, as they can be thinned out to the proper distance after they come up. If the sand or weather be dry at the time of sowing, give a little water in the drill and immediately cover up. If the seed be good, the plants will soon appear, and when they are advanced to a size large enough to enable the gardener to choose the most promising, let them be thinned out to the distance of six or seven inches, the distance at which they may remain. During the summer, the bed should be occasionally watered with _dung water_; and this for the purpose of encouraging the growth of the plants on their first setting off; and as manure given in this shape is more fugitive than when applied in a more solid or concentrated state, it cannot impart rankness to the plants when they arrive at that age fit to be brought to table.

The plants cannot be forced, nor should any of their shoots be cut, the first winter after sowing; but should be suffered and assisted to establish themselves, and gain sufficient strength to yield adequate crops, in the succeeding years.

About the month of November in the second winter after sowing, a part at one end of the bed should be prepared for forcing. For this purpose, and in order that it may be done with facility and effect, a rough wooden frame or frames should be made, eighteen inches high behind, and one foot high in front, shaped like a common hot-bed frame, and of any convenient and portable length; and in width, the same as the bed. Light wooden covers in convenient lengths should be fixed by hinges to the back; these may be raised at will for admission of light and air, and, in fine weather, may be thrown entirely back. When the frames are placed, dig out the alleys one foot deep to receive linings of hot dung, which may be banked op against both the back and front of the frame. The surface of the bed within the frame must be covered with soft, short straw, or hay, nine inches thick, to arrest the heat which rises from the linings, and form that warm humid region into which the shoots will advance. The temperature of these dark frames must be regulated by due attendance; and in intensely cold or frosty weather, the frames at night will require coverings of mats and litter, to prevent the plants receiving a check.

The required supply of the family—the time for it—and the length or number of the frames, must be judged of by the gardener, and who will act accordingly; but two frames are indispensable; because the second should be considerably advanced by the time the crop in the first is all cut.

Young plants may be transplanted; and if they are to be had, may be tried; but the safer way is to sow and plant both, to prevent disappointment; and in order that the roots be not too much exhausted by forcing, one bed should be forced in one year, and another the next.

The crowns of the roots have a tendency to rise; and as annual [p499] additions of sand will be required after the autumnal dressing, the beds by these additions become unsightly; but cutting off the most aspiring (with its flowering stem) every summer, will keep the whole within proper bounds. Instead of covering with dung or litter, to protect from winter’s frost, the frames may be set on those parts intended to be forced, to answer that purpose; and the uncovered parts of the beds may receive a coat of mould out of the alleys, to be drawn back off the sand in the spring.

The writer of this began to force Sea Kale as long ago as 1798, using hot dung within, as well as without, a frame with glazed lights; but soon found that, neither the glass nor dung _inside_ was necessary or suitable; he, therefore, afterwards succeeded, by the above plan, to produce the finest crops of this vegetable, at any time in the winter months; and can confidently recommend such management, especially to those who have no hot-house or hot-bed frames; because when there is any early forced house or frames, if old roots are properly selected and potted in the autumn, and placed in such house or frame, where there is sufficient heat, and well shut up from light by whelming other empty pots over them, a crop may be had in this way, without the trouble and expense of out-door forcing.

J. M.

[p500]

METEOROLOGICAL DIARY for the Months of September, October, and November, 1827, kept at EARL SPENCER’s Seat at Althorp, in Northamptonshire.

The Thermometer hangs in a North-eastern Aspect, about five feet from the ground, and a foot from the wall.

+--------------------------------------------------------------------+ | FOR SEPTEMBER, 1827. | +----------------+-------------------+---------------+---------------+ | | Thermometer. | Barometer. | Wind. | | +---------+---------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ | | Lowest. | Highest | Morn. | Eve. | Morn. | Eve. | +-----------+----+---------+---------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ | Saturday | 1 | 37 | 60 | 30.20 | 30.20 | E | EbS | | Sunday | 2 | 42 | 64 | 30.20 | 30.18 | NE | NE | | Monday | 3 | 44 | 64 | 30.18 | 30.18 | NE | NE | | Tuesday | 4 | 51 | 59 | 30.18 | 30.18 | NE | NE | | Wednesday | 5 | 51 | 61 | 30.17 | 30.17 | NE | NE | | Thursday | 6 | 48 | 57 | 30.17 | 30.17 | NE | NE | | Friday | 7 | 51 | 59-1/2 | 30.17 | 30.15 | NE | NE | | Saturday | 8 | 52 | 60 | 30.11 | 30.07 | NE | EbS | | Sunday | 9 | 51 | 62 | 29.83 | 29.77 | EbS | SW | | Monday | 10 | 55 | 67 | 29.74 | 29.69 | SW | SW | | Tuesday | 11 | 55 | 69-1/2 | 29.66 | 29.58 | SSE | SbW | | Wednesday | 12 | 55 | 62-1/2 | 29.54 | 29.57 | SW | W | | Thursday | 13 | 50 | 61 | 29.70 | 29.93 | W | W | | Friday | 14 | 46 | 65 | 30.03 | 30.03 | W | W | | Saturday | 15 | 50 | 67 | 30.10 | 30.13 | W | WNW | | Sunday | 16 | 58 | 67 | 30.17 | 30.17 | WbN | W | | Monday | 17 | 57 | 66 | 30.17 | 30.16 | E | ENE | | Tuesday | 18 | 57 | 62 | 30.13 | 30.10 | ENE | NE | | Wednesday | 19 | 45 | 57 | 30.02 | 30.02 | SW | W | | Thursday | 20 | 46 | 54 | 29.69 | 29.70 | SE | NE | | Friday | 21 | 43 | 63 | 29.70 | 29.48 | NNE | SW | | Saturday | 22 | 45 | 60 | 29.44 | 29.34 | SW | WbS | | Sunday | 23 | 43 | 59 | 29.30 | 29.40 | SW | WSW | | Monday | 24 | 40 | 60 | 29.50 | 29.50 | SE | SW | | Tuesday | 25 | 42 | 61 | 29.50 | 29.50 | SSW | S | | Wednesday | 26 | 48 | 65 | 29.48 | 29.48 | SE | S | | Thursday | 27 | 52 | 66 | 29.48 | 29.57 | NE | NE | | Friday | 28 | 48 | 64 | 29.57 | 29.57 | NE | SE | | Saturday | 29 | 47 | 61 | 29.57 | 29.54 | E | SE | | Sunday | 30 | 53 | 63 | 29.60 | 29.60 | SE | SE | +-----------+----+---------+---------+-------+-------+-------+-------+

+--------------------------------------------------------------------+ | FOR OCTOBER, 1827. | +----------------+-------------------+---------------+---------------+ | | Thermometer. | Barometer. | Wind. | | +---------+---------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ | | Lowest. | Highest | Morn. | Eve. | Morn. | Eve. | +-----------+----+---------+---------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ | Monday | 1 | 52 | 65 | 29.67 | 29.70 | SE | SE | | Tuesday | 2 | 54 | 63 | 29.74 | 29.90 | E | ENE | | Wednesday | 3 | 46 | 62-1/2 | 30.04 | 30.12 | ENE | ENE | | Thursday | 4 | 45 | 60 | 30.21 | 30.23 | NE | NNE | | Friday | 5 | 42 | 62 | 30.28 | 30.17 | NNE | NNE | | Saturday | 6 | 44 | 61-1/2 | 30.10 | 29.96 | E | E | | Sunday | 7 | 43 | 58 | 29.87 | 29.73 | E | SbE | | Monday | 8 | 39 | 61 | 29.60 | 29.33 | SE | SE | | Tuesday | 9 | 46 | 62 | 29.20 | 29.08 | SE | WSW | | Wednesday | 10 | 48 | 53 | 29.20 | 29.13 | SW | NE | | Thursday | 11 | 46 | 56 | 29.04 | 29.08 | SW | SW | | Friday | 12 | 44 | 55 | 29.12 | 29.32 | W | W | | Saturday | 13 | 34-1/2 | 53 | 29.39 | 29.39 | W | W | | Sunday | 14 | 44 | 57 | 29.60 | 29.68 | W | SW | | Monday | 15 | 46 | 61 | 29.70 | 29.71 | SW | SSW | | Tuesday | 16 | 57 | 64 | 29.71 | 29.71 | SW | SSW | | Wednesday | 17 | 49 | 62 | 29.71 | 29.69 | SE | SE | | Thursday | 18 | 38 | 61 | 29.69 | 29.63 | SE | E | | Friday | 19 | 45 | 60 | 29.63 | 29.63 | ENE | E | | Saturday | 20 | 52 | 62 | 29.63 | 29.59 | E | E | | Sunday | 21 | 50 | 59 | 29.50 | 29.42 | E | E | | Monday | 22 | 52 | 59 | 29.28 | 29.10 | EbS | SE | | Tuesday | 23 | 51 | 59 | 29.02 | 29.18 | SE | SE | | Wednesday | 24 | 47 | 60 | 29.44 | 29.74 | SE | WbS | | Thursday | 25 | 46 | 59 | 29.87 | 29.88 | WbS | SSW | | Friday | 26 | 52 | 61 | 29.96 | 29.84 | SW | SE | | Saturday | 27 | 46 | 60 | 29.63 | 29.46 | SE | SSW | | Sunday | 28 | 45 | 57 | 29.31 | 29.50 | NE | NE | | Monday | 29 | 33 | 48 | 29.77 | 29.88 | NE | WNW | | Tuesday | 30 | 33 | 52 | 29.82 | 29.68 | W | W | | Wednesday | 31 | 46 | 53 | 29.64 | 29.64 | NW | NNW | +-----------+----+---------+---------+-------+-------+-------+-------+

+--------------------------------------------------------------------+ | FOR NOVEMBER, 1827. | +----------------+-------------------+---------------+---------------+ | | Thermometer. | Barometer. | Wind. | | +---------+---------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ | | Lowest. | Highest | Morn. | Eve. | Morn. | Eve. | +-----------+----+---------+---------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ | Thursday | 1 | 32 | 50 | 29.87 | 29.90 | NW | NW | | Friday | 2 | 37 | 51 | 29.68 | 29.90 | W | NNW | | Saturday | 3 | 30 | 53 | 29.98 | 29.98 | W | W | | Sunday | 4 | 41 | 56 | 30.00 | 30.03 | W | W | | Monday | 5 | 44 | 56 | 30.10 | 30.20 | W | W | | Tuesday | 6 | 45 | 57-1/2 | 30.18 | 30.11 | W | W | | Wednesday | 7 | 45 | 48 | 30.06 | 30.03 | W | W | | Thursday | 8 | 43 | 49 | 30.00 | 29.96 | E | E | | Friday | 9 | 44 | 53 | 29.77 | 29.68 | W | WbN | | Saturday | 10 | 46 | 54 | 29.73 | 29.80 | WbN | W | | Sunday | 11 | 47 | 57 | 29.80 | 29.80 | W | NW | | Monday | 12 | 35 | 53 | 29.97 | 30.00 | NW | WbN | | Tuesday | 13 | 40 | 60 | 30.00 | 30.02 | WbN | WbN | | Wednesday | 14 | 50 | 50 | 29.98 | 29.88 | EbS | SE | | Thursday | 15 | 41 | 48 | 29.66 | 29.50 | SW | SE | | Friday | 16 | 37 | 47-1/2 | 29.30 | 29.39 | E | ESE | | Saturday | 17 | 30 | 47 | 29.62 | 29.69 | ESE | SE | | Sunday | 18 | 36 | 51 | 29.86 | 29.95 | E | E | | Monday | 19 | 45 | 50 | 30.02 | 30.02 | EbS | S | | Tuesday | 20 | 45 | 48 | 30.00 | 29.92 | W | NW | | Wednesday | 21 | 36 | 39 | 30.01 | 30.01 | NbW | N | | Thursday | 22 | 31 | 34 | 29.80 | 29.60 | W | W | | Friday | 23 | 17 | 36 | 29.58 | 29.47 | W | W | | Saturday | 24 | 22 | 33 | 29.60 | 29.79 | WbN | WbN | | Sunday | 25 | 21 | 39 | 29.79 | 29.80 | W | W | | Monday | 26 | 37 | 45 | 30.08 | 30.12 | WNW | NW | | Tuesday | 27 | 38 | 47 | 30.17 | 30.10 | SW | SW | | Wednesday | 28 | 36 | 45 | 29.88 | 29.70 | S | SE | | Thursday | 29 | 39 | 49 | 29.27 | 29.30 | SE | WbS | | Friday | 30 | 35 | 51 | 29.30 | 29.30 | W | W | +-----------+----+---------+---------+-------+-------+-------+-------+

[p501]

INDEX.

Abernethy, Mr., 337

Aberration, of glass and of diamond lenses, compared, 20

Absorption from the surface, remedies thus applied, 493

Abydus near Thebes, excavations by Mr. W. Banks at, 182

Acid, on a new vegetable, 217

Acon, Mr., James, on the growth of early and late grapes, 159

Adamant, difficulty of making lenses of, 16

Adams, Mr., his account of the Aurora Borealis seen in London, 398

Africa, season of malaria and fevers, 41

African travellers, hint respecting, 55

Agens Physiques, leur Influence sur la Vie, par W. F. Edwards, D.M., 137, 296

Agnano, Lake, 45

Air, night, why avoided, 43

Air, on the determination of the mean temperature of the, 223

Alimentary substances, on, by Dr. Prout, 480

Alkaline springs of the West Riding of Yorkshire; their presumed virtues, 25

Altheine, a new vegetable principle; discovered by M. Bacon, 217

Aluminum, preparation of, 474

Americans, North, possess swift merchant vessels, 32

Amici’s microscopes, Professor, 198

Ammonia, its presence in argillaceous minerals, 489

Amphitheatres, Roman, 366

Anatomy of animals, the comparative by C. J. Carus, M.D., 377

Ancient substances, chemical researches relative to certain, 209

Animal economy, conversations on the, 382

― fossil, generally found at Roman stations, 368

― known to the Romans, 369

Apatite, composition of, 490

Apothecaries, Society of, incorporated, 338

Apothecary, dissertation on the word, 337

Apples, kept well in corn, 496

Arago’s, Mr., experiment on the refractive power of bodies, 444

Architecture, naval, its theory, 26

Architecture, on the modern ornaments of, 292

Armies destroyed by the influence of malaria, 54

Arnold, Mr. J. R., respecting the naturalisation of fish, 496

Arsenic, its separation from nickel or cobalt, 209

― sulphuret of, 476

Astronomical and nautical collections, 113 _et seq._ 428

Average duration of human life in various countries, 58

Audition, experiments on, 67

Augustus Cæsar, Egyptian tablets relating to his victory, 314

Aurora Australis, described by Mr. Forster, 408

Aurora Borealis, seen in London, its description, by Mr. Kendall, 385

― ―, general description of this phenomenon, 405

― ― seen in the day-time at Cannonmills, 489

― ― in Siberia, 489

Aurora, Guido’s; critical examination of the composition, 11

Bacon, Anthony, Esq., stoves employed in his garden, 174

Banks, Mr. William, his discovery of the list of monarchs in hieroglyphics, 182

Bark-beds, Mr. Bregazzi’s thermometer for, 425

Barometrical observations reduced to a standard temperature; by S. Foggo, 458

Barrowby, Dr., anecdote of, 345

Basse, the, a voracious enemy of other fish, 325

Bellani, M., his reclamations of chemical discoveries, 469–470

Berthier, M., on porcelain, 478

Berzelius, M., 471

―, his canons, 64

Beurré d’Aremberg Pear, described, 173

Bichat’s treatise on asphyxy, 141

Biot, M., pendulum apparatus employed by him, 155

Birds, subjected to experimental inquiry, 299

Bismuth, property of, 202

―, its separation from mercury, by potassium, 476

Bisulphuret of copper, volcanic, 226

Bitter principle from aloes, on the, 214

Bitter substance produced by the action of nitric acid on indigo, silk, and aloes, 210

Blair, Dr. Patrick, his history, 344

Bleeding, practice of, height to which it was carried in France, 331

Blight in fruit-trees prevented by painting a garden wall, 169

Blowpipe, treatise on the use of the, by John Griffin, 380

Bond, Thomas, Esq., on the cultivation of strawberries, 168

Botanic garden at Chelsea, 337

Bouvart, M., humorous anecdote, 330

Branches of trees, their direction, 490

Bromine, M., A de la Rive on, 465

―, its elementary nature ascertained, 466

―, prepared for sale by M. Balard, its discoverer, 466

Browne’s, Mr., articles in the _Ed. Rev._ relative to the hieroglyphics, 317

Bruckman, Mr., his employment of the plough in excavations, 197

Brunel, Mr., his carbonic acid engine, 65

Bull, Marcus, on fuel, 378

Burckhardt, I. L., travels in Nubia, 189

Burnett, Mr. Gilbert, 76

Burton, Mr., his discovery of a triple inscription in Egypt, 92

Butler Dr., William, his tobacco practice, 339

― ― ―, anecdotes of, 342

Caledonia, the proportions of this ship, 33

Camaldoli, convent of, 45

Camellias, on the cultivation of, 172

Cantharides, preservation of, 231

Carbazotate of ammonia, 212

― of baryta, 213

― of copper, 213

― of lime, 213

― of magnesia, 213

― of potash, 212

― of silver, 213

― of soda, 212

Cardoon, on the varieties of, by Mr. A. Mathews, 162

Carlini, professor, his pendulum experiments on Mont Cenis, 153

Case, Dr. John, 330

Cattle, subject to intermittents and epidemics, 59

Celery, on the transplanting of, 168

―, upon the culture of, by T. A. Knight, Esq., 166

Cementation of iron by cast iron, 207

Champollion Figeac, M., 185

Champollion, M., his interpretation of hieroglyphics, 185, 315

_Chemical Manipulation_, by Michael Faraday, F.R.S., 221, 275

Chemistry, elements of, by Dr. Edward Turner, 60

Cherry, Chinese, [Prunus Pseudocerasus], described by T. A. Knight, Esq., 173

Chevalier, MM. Vincent, their aplanatic object-glasses for diverging rays, 248;

their microscopes, 257

Chinese language, Baron Von Humboldt’s letter on the genius of the, 92

Chloride of lime applied in cases of burns, 231

Chlorine, on its existence in the native black oxide of manganese, by John M’Mullen, Esq., 258

Chromate, new double, by Mr. Stokes, 477

Chronology, the Bible, compared with that of the hieroglyphics, 185

― of Manetho, the, 180

Chrysanthemums, 426

Circle of the seasons, and perpetual key to the calendar and almanack, 381

Cities of Great Britain compared with those of other European nations, 285

Cleopatra of Egypt, tablet containing her name, 313

Cline, Henry, epitaph for the eminent surgeon, 333

Clock, improved, made by F. Houriet, of Loch, 454

Cobalt, deuto-sulphuret of, 476

Cobbett’s English Grammar, 96

Cochrane’s, Captain C. S., Journal in Colombia, 356

Cocoa palm, the, 262

Coins, British, having the tapir and elephant on them, 358–361

Columbium, a metal discovered by Mr. Hatchett, 277

Combination of numerous bodies effected by the use of feeble electric currents, 462

Comet, Ephemeris of the periodical, for its return in 1828, 428

Commerce of the Romans with India, 361

Complexions, sallow, in countries subject to malaria, 58

Cooper, Sir Astley, 337

Coptic alphabet, the, 177

Cordus, Euricus, account of, 330

Corn, its alteration in a subterraneous repository, 492

Corpuscular forces, on the action of, 448

Covelli, M. N., his examination of Vesuvius, 226

Crambe maritima, on its cultivation, 497

Currants, preserved upon the bushes, 169

Curves, on the beauties contained in the oval and elliptic, by R. R. Reinagle, R.A., 1

Cyanic acid, on the composition of, 203

Dahlies, on, by Mr. William Smith, 170

Dahlia, display of beautiful varieties of the, 426

Dalmahoy, epitaph for, 334

Danaus, his migration from Egypt to Greece, 185

Davy, Sir Humphry, experiments by, 62

Denham, Major, 55

Desideratum in naval architecture, stated, 32

Désormes, M. Clement, on the action of a current of air, and the pressure of the atmosphere, 193

Deutoxide of barium, preparation of, 474

Diamonds, formed into single lenses for microscopes, 15

Diamond lenses, letter of Mr. G. Dakin, 459

Diet, attention to, essential to travellers in tropical countries, 55

Diffraction, theory of, 434

Dominica, fever at, 59

Douglas, Mr. David, 191, 383

Douglasia, a new genus of plants, described, 383

Dragon’s blood, new substance contained in, 218

Drowning, recovery from, 231

Duncan, Sir William, M.D., 344

Dumas, M., on the properties of sulphur, 468

Dutrochet, Dr., his experiments, 77

Ear, physiology of the, 67

Edwards, Dr. W. F., De l’Influence des Agens Physiques sur la Vie, 137

Egg-plants, on the esculent, by Mr. A. Mathews, 167

Egyptian history, on the recent elucidations of early, 176

Electric currents, use of feeble, by M. Becquerel, 462

Electrical excitation, M. Walcker on, 201

Electricity, 62

Elephant, number of species unknown, 365

Elephants, carnivorous, 356

Elephants, remains discovered near Belturbet, remarks thereupon, 354

― still existing in North America, 356

Enchorial inscriptions, 310

Encke, Professor, on the return of the periodical comet, 428

Engiscope, improved Amician, 200

Engle, M., his mode of preserving paper, 198

English language, on the character of the, 93

Ethers, on the mutual action of these and other substances, 221

Etruscan vases; illustrations given, 12

Europe, climate of its various divisions, 40

Evelyn, Alexander, Esq., 190

Exodus, disquisition relative to the date of the, 186

Faraday, Mr., his Chemical Manipulation, 61

― ―, his experiments on the disinfecting soda liquid, 84

Faro in Sicily, remarkable effects of malaria, 51

Fashion destructive of taste, 14

Ferro-prussiate of potash, on its preparation, by M. Gautier, 207

Fever attendant on the houses of the opulent at Rome, 52

Fever, causes of intermittent, 40 _et seq._

Fish, on the naturalisation of, by Dr. Mac Culloch, 320

― Chinese method of fattening, 234

― subjected to experiments by Dr. Edwards, 297

Fish-store or depot, recommended by Dr. Mac Culloch for London, 328

Flora Danica, coloured set of the, 192

Fluidity, of sulphur and phosphorus, by Mr. Faraday, 469

Fluoric acid and fluates, experiments on, 205

Fog from across the sea, a vehicle of ague, 46

Fossil bones and remains, 353

France, large districts of, insalubrious, 57

Frigates, large French, with curvilinear sterns 36

Friction diminished by the use of soapstone, 455

Fruits, the specification of those of the best quality, displayed before the Horticultural Society, 192

Fruit-trees, on planting the alluvial banks of rivers with, 170

― on walls, protecting frame for, 167

Fuel, on the varieties of, and the apparatus for their combustion, by M. Bull, 378

Gadus Polachius, the, [or whiting pollack], 73

Gaseous exhalations of the skin, upon the, 230

Gases, on the specific heat of, by MM. de la Rive and Marcet, 200

Galvanism, effects of it in cases of asphyxia by submersion, 230

Gardening among the Romans, 264

― landscape, 270

― ornamental, 268

Genus of plants, discovered in North America, by Mr. David Douglas, 383

Gold, compounds of, 209.

―, a native argentiferous, M. Boussingault’s tables of, 225

Gore, Mr. R. T., 377

Goring’s, Dr., modification of the Amician reflector, 15, 199

Gower, Charles, M.D., his humour, 334

Gowrie, Carse of, 39

Grammar, English, disquisition respecting, 95

Grapes, observations on the growth of early and late, by M. J. Acon, 159

Grapes of the Portugal yellow fruit, grown at Hampstead, 426

Greece subject to autumnal fevers, 56

Greeks, ancient, uninfluenced by arbitrary fashions, 14

Grindall, Richard, sketch of, 335

Grose, Captain, Samuel, 453

Guido, his Aurora, 11

Hachette, M., 193

Hannibal’s line of march indicated by the fossil remains of his elephants, 368

Hare’s, Dr., experiments on opium, 215

Hayes, Captain, 28

Head, Captain, _Rough Notes_ of, 494

Heat, its evolution during the compression of water, 201

Hecquet, Philip, the prototype of Dr. Sangrado, 331

Henderson’s, Mr. T., calculations of lunar phenomena, 450

Henry, Dr., his style, 61

Hieroglyphical fragments with some remarks on English grammar, 92

― ― illustrative of inscriptions in the British Museum, 310

Hieroglyphic Catalogue of the Egyptian kings, discovered, 182

Hieroglyphics, their language, 92

― the old Chinese, 94

Hippopotamus, the, 362

History of Egypt developed by the modern science in hieroglyphics, 178

Holbeck Spa, in Yorkshire, 21

Holland, calculation as to the duration of life in, 58

Holly trees and hedges in Scotland, described by Joseph Sabine, Esq., 174

Horticultural Society, communications to the, 168

― ― proceedings of the, 190, 425

Horticulture, modern improvements of, 261

Howship, Mr., 249

Hoya, description of the several plants of the genus, 164

Human organization and phenomena, 303

Humboldt, letter to the Baron, 92

Hunter, Dr., 50

Hunter’s, Dr., anatomical lectures, 336

Huskisson, Mr., his speech on the shipping interests, 35

Hyposulphuric acid, its preparation, 473

Iceland moss, on a new acid existing in, 484

Indigo and indigogene, M. Liebeg on, 220

Injection, cold, for anatomical preparations, 461

Inman’s, Dr., naval constructions, 28

Insects, method of putting them to death, 493

Instrument to enable young persons to acquire a knowledge of the stars, by S. Lee, Esq., 371

Iodous Acid, on, 204

― ― preparation of, 466

Italy, its shores pestilential in summer, 41, 56

Jalapia, uncertain nature of, 483

Jamaica, malaria, at, 50

Jebb, Sir Richard, M. D., his blunt manner of speech, 333

John of Gaddesden, surgeon, 336

Josephus, his extracts from the history of Manetho, 180

Karnac at Thebes, palace of, 184

Kings of Egypt, chronological list of the, 180

Kinic acid prepared without alcohol, 482

Kitchen gardening, 272

Knight, T. A., Esq., on the culture of celery, 166

― ― on the culture of the mango and cherimoyer, 190

Labarraque, M., his chloride of oxide of sodium, 84

Lamprey, sea, described, 72

Laudanum, denarcotized, 215

Lens, diamond, art of forming it, 15

Lenses, sapphire, Mr. Pritchard’s, 459

Leopards, the breed of dogs crossed with, 365

Liebeg, M. Just, 210

Light, undulatory theory of, by M. Fresnel, 113, 431

― duration of its effects upon the eye, 457

― its effects on vegetation, 490

― on the apparent decomposition of white, 458

― on the measurement of the intensity of, 457

Lightning, destruction of an oak by, 487

Lignin or woody fibre, 481

Lime and litharge, their mutual action, 475

Lime, on the incandescence and light of, 201

Lindley, Mr. J., his account of a new genus of plants, 109

Lines, theory respecting beauty in, 2

Linnæus, the sexual system of, 269

Liquefaction of gaseous substances, experiments of Sir H. Davy, 62

Lister, Mr. J., 248

Lithotrity, reward adjudged to M. Civiale for his discovery of, 230

Litmus as a test, fallacy of the infusion of, 214

Lloyd’s list, calculation of shipwreck from, 26

Lucretius, reference to, 62

Luminous appearances in the atmosphere, 222

Lunar observation, rule for the correction of a, by Mr. W. Wiseman, 135

Lunar phenomena, calculations of, by T. Henderson, Esq., 450

Mac Culloch, Dr. J., review of his Essay on Malaria, 100

Madder, purification of, 219

Magnetic repulsion, results of M. Becquerel’s experiments, 202

― effects of metals in motion, on the, 456

Malaria, an Essay on the production and propagation of, by Dr. Mac Culloch; reviewed, 39, 100

― accompanying fogs, 48

Mammiferæ, observations on, 305

Mammoth, the, considered to be fabulous, 371

Man, remarkable hairy, in Ava, 493

Mandouei, King, inscription at Karnac bearing this name, 188

Manetho, his history of Egypt written in Greek, 179

Manganesic acid, on, by M. Unverdorben, 204

Manganese, new chloride of, discovered by M. J. Dumas, 475

Mango-Capac, suppositions respecting him, 359, 360

Mangosteen, living plants introduced from the East Indies, by Captain Drummond, 191

Mantua, Napoleon’s precautions against sickness before, 54

Mapp, Mrs., celebrated bone-setter, 341

Maremma of Tuscany, 58

Mastodon, the bones of the, 356

Mathews, Mr. Andrew, 167

Maurandya Barclaiana, a new Mexican flower, 425

Mayerne, Sir Theodore, M.D., 340

Mayo, Dr. Herbert, on the sensitive plant, 76

Meadows, drains in, cause malaria and fever, 104

Meconic acid, Dr. Flare’s method of obtaining, 217.

Medical garden, Mrs. Gape’s, 338

Melons, grown on open borders, 172

Mellitic acid, preparation of pure, 483

Memnon, or Amenophis, statue of, 181

Mems., Maxims, and Memoirs, by W. Wadd, Esq., 329

Menes, monarch of Egypt, 180.

Mental powers affected by residence in a pestilential climate, 58

Merchantmen, bad construction of British, 26

Merritt’s statistical notices of the population of the British empire, 283

Metals, three supposed new, discovered by Professor Psaun, 478

Meteoric fire-ball at New Haven, 487

― phenomenon described by Chladni, 488

Meteorological diary for June, July and August, 1827, 236

― ― for September, October, and November, 500

― Essays by Mr. Daniell, 379

― observations at Chiswick, plan of a journal of, 169

Mexico founded by the Aztecs, 359

Microscope, Dr. Brewster quoted respecting the improvement of the, 17

― with a double convex diamond lens, 17

― with sapphire lenses, 406

Mimosa Pudica, observations on the motion of its leaves, 76

Moist air, the chief conductor of malaria, 46

Moisture and heat, effects of their combination, 41

Moles, destruction of, 232

Montezuma’s address to Cortez, relative to his ancestors, 359

Montfalcon, medical observation by, 45

Moon, on the supposed influence of the, by M. Arago, 222

Morphia, its extraction from dry poppy heads, 216

Nantes, 57

Narcotine, pure, its preparation, 483

Naval construction, observations on the state of the English, 25

Naval revision, commissioners of, 27

Nitre, peculiar formation of, 205

Nitric acid, test for the presence of, 205

― ― on a peculiar, by Mr. Phillips, 467

Northern light, or streamers, described, 405

Notes to books condemned, 97

Nubia, monuments of, 184

Nugæ Canoræ, or Epitaphian Mementos of the Medici Family of Modern Times, 329

Nugæ Chirurgicæ, or a biographical miscellany, by W. Wadd, Esq., 329

Object-glasses of M. M. Chevalier, the aplanatic, 248

Ohio, the American man of war, 35

Old system of ship-building, evils entailed by it, 35

Opium, Dr. Hare’s test of the presence of, 215

Orache, varieties of, and cultivation of, by Mr. W. Townshend, 170

Orchards, and orchard fruit, 271

Osymandyas, statues of, the Mandouei of the inscription at Karnac, 189

Oval and elliptic curves, evidenced in the motion of ships, the form of feathers, leaves, and fruits, 13

Ovals, formed into elegant diagrams, 6

Ousirei, tomb of king, discovered by Belzoni, 187

Owl, the Coquimbo, 494

Oxalate of lime, existence of its crystals in plants, 214

Oxygen gas, 141

Paintings, Egyptian sepulchral, discovered by Belzoni, 187

Paper, preservation of it from humidity, 198

Parian marbles, the, 185

Passifloras, eatable, 169

Pears, five varieties of, from Jersey, 173

― the most celebrated, 426

Pendulum apparatus, the Milan, 155

― experiments on Mont Cenis, by Professor Carlini, 153

Penitentiary in Westminster, 52

Pennsylvania, the extraordinary length of this American first-rate, 35

Persian monarchs, their names in the Phonetic characters of Egypt, 188

Peter the Great, anecdote of, 338

Petromyzon Marinus, description of the, 72

Petroleum wells, Burmese, 490

Pharaohs, dynasty of the, 178

Philæ, inscription on the base of the obelisk of, 178

Phillips, Mr. Richard, 258

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London for 1827,