i. 164;

takes Cologne, 165; falsifications of the Imperial Biographies in his case, 164 _n._

Potaissa, i. 228.

Praaspa, ii. 29.

_Praefectus_, ii. 233 _n._, 246, 247 _n._

Prasutagus, i. 176.

Premis, ii. 276.

Priests in Asia Minor, i. 348.

Princeps: position as to Egypt, ii. 233 f.; _princeps et undecim primus_, 335 _n._

Priscus, Statius, ii. 75.

Priscus, governor of Macedonia, i. 240.

Proaeresios, ii. 268 _n._

Probus, opens vine-culture to provincials, i. 109; resumes aggression against the Germans, 166 f.; transfers Bastarnae to Roman bank, 249; subdues Lydus in Isauria, 337; delivers Egypt from Palmyrenes, ii. 108, 250, 277; restores water-works on Nile, 253.

_Provincia_, alleged use of term, ii. 233 _n._

Prucheion, ii. 250, 251.

Pselchis, ii. 276.

Pseudo-Nero, ii. 62, 64 f.

Ptolemaeus Philadelphus, son of Antonius, ii. 25.

Ptolemaeus Philadelphus, ii. 280.

Ptolemaeus, king of Mauretania, ii. 312 f.

Ptolemais, “Greek” city in Egypt, ii. 235, 236.

Ptolemais “for the Chase,” on Red Sea, ii. 280.

Ptolemies, court of the, ii. 245 f.

Punic inscriptions, ii. 326 _n._

Punt, ii. 285 _n._

Purple dyeworks, Syrian, ii. 137.

Puteoli, called little Delos, ii. 139 _n._

Quadi, i. 214, 229, 230, 233, 234, 237.

Quadratus, Ummidius, ii. 48 f., 202.

Quarries, Egyptian, ii. 256.

Quietus, Fulvius, ii. 103.

Quietus, Lusius, i. 222; ii. 69, 223, 322 _n._

Quinquegentiani, ii. 325 _n._

Quintilianus, Marcus Fabius, i. 77.

Quirinius, Publius Sulpicius, i. 336; ii. 136, 188, 315.

Raetia, affinity of Raeti, i. 196; subjugation, 16, 17; organisation, 17 f.; war in Raetia, 161; late civilisation, 196; military arrangements, 197; Raetian _limes_, 197.

Ratiaria, i. 214.

Religion in Spain, i. 75; in Gaul, 103 f.; in Britain, 193; in Greece, 280; in Asia Minor, 350; in Iran, ii. 9 f.; in Syria, 123; in Egypt, 265, 266 _n._

Resaina, battle at, ii. 91, 95.

Rhadamistus, ii. 47 f.

Rhagae, ii. 4, 28.

Rhandeia, capitulation of, ii. 56, 57 f.

Rhapta, ii. 289.

Rhetoric, professors of, at Treves, i. 89 _n._; professorship of Greek, at Rome, ii. 272.

Rhetors in Alexandria, ii. 264 _n._

Rhine, boundary, i. 25; camps on left bank, 31 f.; positions on right bank, 33 f.; canal to Zuider-Zee, 28, 34; dyke between Ems and Lower Rhine, 34; Rhine-army as bearing on Gaul, 81; Rhine fleet, 119; army of Lower Rhine, 147 _n._

Rhodians, Dio’s address to, i. 270 f., 285.

Rhoemetalces, i. 40, 209 f.

Riff in Morocco, ii. 321, 324.

Roads in Spain, i. 74; in Gaul, 109 f.; road-measurement in Gaul and Germany, 102 f.; in Britain, 192; in Greece, 294; in Asia Minor, 358; in Egypt, ii. 297; in Africa, 339.

Roman empire, character of its history as compared with that of the republic, i. 3 f.; value of authorities for it, 4; nature of task assigned to it, 4 f.; object and limits of the present work, 4-6; its divisions, 6; northern frontier of, 7 f.

Roxolani, i. 217, 238.

Sabaeans, ii. 158, 286, 290.

Sabinus, Julius, i. 137, 139.

Sabinus, Oppius, i. 220.

Sacae, ii. 14; Sacastane, 15; empire on Indus, 16, 17 _n._

Sacrovir, Julius, rising of, i. 80 f.

Sadducees, ii. 161.

Sagalassus, i. 337.

Salabus, ii. 323.

Salassi, i. 15; extirpated by Augustus, 19.

Salice (Ceylon), ii. 301.

Salonae, i. 202, 204, 232.

Samaria, ii. 187.

Samaritans, ii. 160.

Sanabarus, ii. 16 _n._

Sapor, ii. 91; title and policy of conquest, 99 f.

Sapphar, ii. 295.

Saracens, ii. 158 f.

Sarapis, ii. 265, 266 _n._, 268; festival of, ii. 258 _n._

Sardes, i. 327, 330.

Sarmatae, ii. 43.

Sarmizegetusa, i. 221, 228.

Sassanids, ii. 3 f.; official historiography, 3 _n._; legend of, 81, 85 f.; dynasty of Persis, 81; extent of Sassanid kingdom, 82; distinction between Sassanid and Arsacid kingdoms, 82 _n._; official titles of ruler, 83 _n._; church and priesthood, 84 f.; languages of the country under, 85 f.; new Persians and Romans, 86; strike gold pieces, 86 f.; chronology, 89 _n._; East forfeited to Persians, 101.

Satraps, ii. 6.

Saturninus, Gaius Sentius, i. 38.

Saturninus, Lucius Antonius, i. 150.

Sauromates, i. 311, 314 _n._, 317 _n._

Savaria, i. 205, 206.

Saxa, Decidius, ii. 22.

Saxons, i. 60 f., 167.

Scapula, Publius Ostorius, i. 178.

Scarbantia, i. 206.

Scaurus, Marcus, expedition against Nabataeans, ii. 149 f.

Scironian cliffs, i. 294.

Scodra, i. 200.

Scordisci, i. 200 f., 300.

Scoti, i. 189.

Scythians, i. 239, 242, 243 _n._, 311; (Asiatic), ii. 14, 15, 17.

Segestes, i. 43, 46, 51, 62.

Segusiavi, i. 88 _n._, 92 _n._

Sejanus, ii. 172 _n._, 173.

Seleucia (in western Cilicia), i. 334.

Seleucia Siderus (in Pisidia), i. 336, 337.

Seleucia (in Syria), ii. 127 _n._, 128.

Seleucia (on the Tigris), ii. 8, 11, 43, 44, 45, 68, 77, 79, 85, 113, 127.

Seleucids, ii. 3 _al._

Seleucus, saying of, ii. 245.

Selga, i. 337, 359.

“Seminumidians and Semigaetulians,” ii. 341.

Semnones, i. 146, 161.

Senate and senators excluded from Egypt, ii. 233 _n._

Seneca, M. Annaeus and L. Annaeus, i. 76.

Septuagint, ii. 164.

Sequani, i. 80, 99, 139.

Seres, i. 302.

Servianus, letter (of Hadrian?) to, ii. 256 _n._

Severianus, ii. 74.

Severus, Alexander; _see_ Alexander Severus.

Severus Antoninus; _see_ Caracalla.

Severus, Septimius, Wall of Severus, i. 187 _n._; conflicts in Britain, 189; death at Eburacum, 189, 269; Parthian wars under, ii. 77 f.; title of _Parthicus_, 78 _n._; partition of Syria, 118.

Severus, Sextus Julius, ii. 224 f.

Sicca, ii. 332.

Sido, i. 216, 229.

Silk, Chinese, ii. 302; silk of Berytus, ii. 137 f.

Silures, i. 177 f., 179, 181.

Silvanus Aelianus, Tiberius Plautius, i. 217.

Simon, son of Gioras, ii. 214.

Singidunum, i. 213, 228.

Sinnaces, ii. 44.

Sinope, i. 331 f.

Siraci, i. 316 _n._, 317, 319.

Siscia, i. 9, 205.

Sittius, Publius, ii. 311 _n._, 332.

Skipetars, i. 199.

Slaves, treatment of, in Greece, i. 273; traffic in, through Galatia, ii. 360.

Smyrna, i. 325 f., 329, 346, 354; Jews at, ii. 163 _n._

Sohaemus of Hemesa, ii. 49.

Sohaemus, king of Armenia, ii. 75 _n._, 126.

Sophene, ii. 115.

Sophists, addresses of, i. 363 f.; Asia Minor takes the lead in, 365.

Sostra, dam at, ii. 102.

Spain, conclusion of its conquest, i. 63 f.; visit of Augustus to organise, 64; triumphs over, 63 _n._, 64; warfare in north of Spain, 64 f.; military organisation and distribution of legions, 65 _n._, 66; incursions of Moors, 67; introduction of Italian municipal law, 67; diffusion of Roman language, 70; cantons, 71; broken up, 72; levy, 73; traffic and roads, 73 f.; religious rites, 75; Spaniards in Latin literature, 75-77.

Sparta, treatment of, i. 259 f.

Statianus, Oppius, ii. 29.

Statues, honorary, i. 291 _n._

Stobi, i. 301.

Successianus, i. 244.

Suebi, i. 60 f., 206, 214, 216, 220.

Sufetes, ii. 329, 330 _n._

Sugambri, i. 26, 27, 28, 30, 33, 124; probably = Cugerni, 124 _n._

Sulis, i. 177, 194.

Surên, ii. 6, 84.

Syene, ii. 256, 280.

Syllaeos, ii. 291 _n._

Symmachus, i. 113.

Synhedrion of Jerusalem, constitution and jurisdiction, ii. 187 f.; disappears, 217.

Synnada, i. 326.

_Synoekismos_, i. 295 f.

Syria, conquest of, ii. 116; boundaries of territory, 117; provincial government, and its changes, 117 f.; partition into Coele-Syria and Syro-Phoenicia, 118; troops and quarters of legions, 63 _n._, 118 _n._; inferiority in discipline, 66 _n._, 119 f.; Hellenising of, 120 f.; Syria = New Macedonia, 121; continuance of native language, 121 f.; Macedonian native and Greek names, 121 f.; worship, 123; later Syriac literature, 124 _n._; Syro-Hellenic mixed culture, 125; minor Syrian authorship, 130 f.; epigram and _feuilleton_, 130 f.; culture of soil, 133 f.; wines of, 137; manufactures, 137; commerce, 137 f.; ship-captains, 138 _n._; Syrian factories abroad, 138 f.; Syrian merchants in the West, 139 _n._; Syro-Christian Diaspora, 140 _n._; wealth of Syrian traders, 140; country houses in valley of Orontes, 141; military arrangements after A.D. 63, 210 _n._

Syria, Eastern, conditions of culture in, ii. 144 f.; Greek influence in, 145 f.; inhabitants of Arabian stock, 145; Pompeius strengthens Greek urban system, 146; civilisation under Roman rule, 153 f.; agriculture and commerce, 154; buildings, 156; south Arabian immigration, 158.

Syrtis, Great, ii. 306, 316.

Tacapae, ii. 314.

Tacfarinas, ii. 313, 314, 317, 318.

Tacitus, dialogue on oratory, i. 113; picture of the Germans, 169; narrative of war in Britain criticised, 181 _n._

Tadmor, ii. 92 _n._

Talmud, beginnings of, ii. 219, 231.

Tanais, i. 315 _n._, 319.

Tarraco, i. 64.

Tarraconensis, towns in the, i. 68.

Tarsus, ii. 101, 122.

Taunus, i. 33, 148.

Tava (Tay), i. 183, 186.

Tavium, i. 341, 342 _n._

Taxila, ii. 14 _n._

Teachers and salaries at Teos, i. 362.

Teimâ, description of, ii. 285 _n._

Temple-tribute, Jewish, ii. 169, 173; temple-screen, tablets of warning on, 189 _n._

Tencteri, i. 26, 27, 124, 133, 139 f.

Tenelium, ii. 335.

Teos, decree as to instruction, i. 362.

Tertullian, ii. 342, 345.

Tetrarch, title of, ii. 177 _n._

Tetricus submits to Aurelian, i. 166.

Teutoburg forest, i. 53, 55.

Thaema, ii. 148 _n._

Thagaste, ii. 341.

Thamugadi, ii. 319.

Themistius, i. 342.

Theocracy, Mosaic, ii. 160.

Thessalonica, i. 300 f., 302.

Thessaly, i. 297 f.; diet in Larisa, 298.

Theudas, ii. 204.

Theudosia, i. 315.

Theveste, ii. 317, 320, 339.

Thrace: dynasts and tribes, i. 13 f.; vassal-princes, 14; war of Piso, 24 f., 210; Thracian stock, 207 f.; language, 208; worship, 209; principate, 209 f.; province, 210 f.; rising under Tiberius, 211; garrison and roads, 212 f.; Hellenism and Romanism in, 212 f.; Hellenism imported, 302, 304; Philip and Alexander, 303; Lysimachus, 303; empire of Tylis, 303; later Macedonian rulers, 304; Roman province, 304 f.; Greek towns in, 305; strategies of, 306 _n._; townships receiving civic rights from Trajan, 307; “Thracian shore,” i. 212.

Thubursicum, ii. 336.

Thubusuctu, ii. 325 _n._

Tiberias, ii. 183.

Tiberius, assists Drusus in Raetia, i. 16, 17; first Pannonian war, 22 f., 205; German war, 30 f.; resigns command on Rhine, 35; reconciliation with Augustus, 36; resumes command, 36; further campaigns in Germany, 36 f.; expedition to North Sea, 37; campaign against Maroboduus, 37 f.; return to Illyricum, 40 f.; again on Rhine after defeat of Varus, 48 f.; recall of Germanicus, 55; German policy, 55; motives for changing it, 56-59; Gallic rising under, 80; Frisian rising, 124; road-making in Dalmatia, 203; procures recognition for Vannius, 215; Dacians under, 217; takes Greece into his own power, 276; small number of statues, 291 f.; leads force into Armenia, ii. 37 f.; again commissioned to the East, but declines, 39; mission of Germanicus to the East, 40 f.; Artabanus and Tiberius, 40 f.; mission of Vitellius, 42 f.; movement against Aretas, 151; treatment of the Jews, 172; attitude towards Jewish customs, 189, 190; war against Tacfarinas, 317 f.

Tigranes, brother of Artaxias, invested with Armenia by Tiberius, ii. 37, 38.

Tigranes, installed in Armenia by Corbulo, ii. 54 f.

Tigranocerta, ii. 45, 54.

Tigris, boundary of, ii. 71, 115 _n._

Timagenes, ii. 106.

Timarchides, Claudius, i. 283 _n._

Timesitheus, Furius, ii. 91.

Tingi, i. 67; ii. 360 f., 312 f., 314, 321, 331.

Tiridates, proclaimed king of Parthia under Augustus, ii. 34, 35, 37.

Tiridates set up as king of Parthia in opposition to Artabanus, under Tiberius, and superseded, ii. 44.

Tiridates I., king of Armenia, brother of Vologasus I., ii. 52, 53, 54, 55, 58, 59, 60 [and ii. 11].

Tiridates II., king of Armenia under Caracalla, ii. 87.

Tiridates, king of Armenia under Sapor, ii. 99.

Titus, against Jerusalem, ii. 213 f.; Arch of, 216; refuses to eject Jews at Antioch, 219.

Togodumnus, i. 175 f.

Tombstones, Gallic, i. 116.

Tomis, i. 13, 227 _n._, 305, 308; Ovid’s description of, 309; Mariners’ guild, 310 _n._

Town-districts in Egypt, ii. 235 f.

Trachonitis, ii. 144; _see_ Haurân.

Trajanus, M. Ulpius: military road from Mentz towards Offenburg, i. 153; settlements in Upper Germany, 160; mission thither, 160 _n._; Dacian war, 221 f.; second Dacian war, 222 f.; column in Rome, 224 f.; confers civic rights on Thracian townships, 309; Parthian war, ii. 65 f.; death, 69 f.; triumph accorded after death, 70; Oriental policy, 70 f.; erects province of Arabia, 143; Jewish rising under, 221 f.; enlargement of Egyptian canal, 297 f.

Transport-ship, Egyptian, ii. 256, 257 _n._

Trapezus, i. 245, 332; ii. 35, 53.

Trebellianus Rufus, Titus, i. 211.

Treveri, i. 80, 93, 94, 102, 136, 137, 139, 140.

Treves, primacy in Belgica, i. 89; subsequently capital of Gaul, 89; receives Italian rights, 99.

Triballi, i. 12.

Triboci, i. 117, 140, 147.

Trinovantes, i. 170, 171 _n._, 180.

Tripolis, ii. 314 f.

Trismegistus, Hermes, ii. 261, 266 _n._, 268.

Troesmis, i. 227.

Trogodytes, ii. 280, 286.

Trogus Pompeius, historian of Hellenic type, i. 110.

Trumpilini, i. 15.

Tungri, i. 133, 136.

Turan, ii. 12, 17, 45.

Turbo, Quintus Marcius, ii. 223.

Tyana, i. 333; ii. 109.

Tylis, empire of, i. 303.

Tyra, i. 226, 239, 242, 244, 305, 310.

Tyrian factories in Italy, ii. 138 _n._

Ubii, i. 25, 35, 97, 98 f., 102, 117, 118, 119, 134, 136; Roman town of, 168.

Ulpia Noviomagus, i. 168.

Ulpia Traiana, i. 168.

Universe, anonymous treatise on, ii. 168.

Usipes, i. 26, 27, 51, 124, 133, 150.

Utica, ii. 331.

Vaballathus, ii. 106 _n._, 108.

Valerianus, Publius Licinius, conquers Aemilianus, i. 241; piratical expedition of Goths, 243 f.; character, 247; ii. 100; capture by the Persians, 100 _n._, 101 _n._

Vangio, i. 215, 229.

Vannius, i. 215, 216.

Vardanes, ii. 45, 46.

Varus, Publius Quintilius, character, i. 44; defeat and death, 45-47; locality of the disaster, 47 _n._; governor of Syria, ii. 184.

Vascones, i. 66.

Vatinius, Publius, i. 89.

Veleda, i. 140, 142, 145.

Veneti, i. 200.

Verulamium, i. 179, 180, 193.

Verus, Lucius, character of, i. 232 f.; in the East, ii. 75.

Verus, Martius, ii. 75.

Vespasianus: municipal organisation in Spain, i. 69, 73; proclaimed as emperor, 128; instigation of Civilis, 130 f.; consequences of Batavian war, 143 f.; takes possession of “Helvetian desert,” 152; pushes forward camps on the Danube, 219; Eastern arrangements, ii. 62 f.; Jewish war, 210 f.; possessing himself of Rome through corn-fleet, 252; nicknamed the “sardine-dealer” and “six-farthing-man,” 263.

Vestinus, L. Julius, ii. 273 _n._

Vetera (Castra), i. 32, 49, 118, 133, 138.

Via Augusta in Spain, i. 74; in Gaul, 109 f.

Via Claudian, i. 20.

Via Egnatia, i. 302.

Victorinus, Gaius Aufidius, i. 230.

Vienna, i. 87, 88 _n._, 91.

Viminacium, i. 212, 213, 228, 241.

Vindelici, i. 16, 17, 196.

Vindex, rising of, i. 82, 127, 128 f.

Vindex, Marcus Macrinius, i. 234.

Vindobona, i. 206.

Vindonissa, i. 18, 119, 140, 159.

Vine-culture in Gaul, i. 108 f.; restricted by Domitian, 108; on Moselle, 109.

Viroconium, camp of, i. 178, 182.

Vitellius, Lucius, i. 128, 129, 130; ii. 42, 43, 44, 213.

Vocula, Villius, i. 132, 134-136, 137, 138.

Volcae, i. 86 f., 93.

Vologasias, ii. 47, 65, 98 _n._

Vologasus I., ii. 47, 49, 52, 54 f., 57, 62, 63, 64, 65 _n._

Vologasus IV., ii. 74.

Vologasus V., ii. 77 f.

Vonones, ii. 40, 41.

Vorodes, Septimius, ii. 104 _n._

Weaving in Asia Minor, i. 360.

Wines, Gallic, i. 109.

Xenophon, of Cos, physician, i. 361 _n._

Zabdas, ii. 105 _n._, 107, 109.

Zaitha, ii. 92.

Zarai, tariff of, ii. 338 _n._

Zealots, ii. 191, 203 f., 207, 208.

Zenobia, government of, ii. 106 f.; claim to joint-rule, 106 _n._; occupation of Egypt, 107, 249 f.; Aurelian against, 108; battle of Hemesa, 109 f.; capture, 110.

Zenodorus, of Abila, ii. 147.

Zimises, ii. 322 _n._

Zoelae, i. 73 _n._

Zoskales, ii. 283.

Zula, ii. 280.

THE END.

_Printed by_ R. & R. CLARK, LIMITED, _Edinburgh_.

Transcriber's Notes:

Notes, originally in the margin, relating to dates have been moved to follow the U.C. (_ab urbe condita_) dates in the text to which they refer. These notes are clothed in { }, and refer to the 'B.C.' era. Similar notes in the margins, relating to other works, have also been moved into the text, again clothed with { }. References to the maps and index have been added to the Table of Contents.

BY DR. MOMMSEN

THE HISTORY OF ROME

FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES

TO THE PERIOD OF ITS DECLINE

BY

PROFESSOR THEODOR MOMMSEN

TRANSLATED BY

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