BOOK VII.

P. 525 (second volume). _Burnet_, speaking of the Act for the General Naturalization of Protestants, and the opposition made against it by the High Church, adds:--This was carried in the House of Commons, with a great majority; but all those, who appeared for this large and comprehensive way, were reproached for their coldness and indifference in the concerns of the Church: And in that I had a large share.--_Swift_. Dog.

P. 526. _Burnet_. The faction here in England found out proper instruments, to set the same humour on foot [in Ireland], during the Earl of Rochester's government, and, as was said, by his directions:... So the clergy were making the same bold claim there, that had raised such disputes among us.--_Swift_. Dog, dog, dog.

P. 580. _Burnet_, speaking of the interruption in the negotiations for a peace consequent on the Earl of Jersey's death, adds:--_One Prior_, who had been Jersey's secretary, upon his death, was employed to prosecute that, which the other did not live to finish. Prior had been taken a boy, out of a tavern, by the Earl of Dorset, who accidentally found him reading Horace; and he, being very generous, gave him an education in literature.--_Swift_. Malice.

P. 581. _Burnet_. Many mercenary pens were set on work, to justify our proceedings, and to defame our allies, more particularly the Dutch; this was done with much art, but _with no regard to truth_, in a pamphlet entitled "The Conduct of the Allies, and of the late Ministry."--_Swift It was all true_.

_Ibid. Burnet_. The Jacobites did, with the greater joy entertain this prospect of peace, because the Dauphin had, in a visit to St. Germains, congratulated that court upon it; which made them conclude, that it was to have a happy effect, with relation to the Pretender's affairs.--_Swift_. The Queen hated and despised the Pretender, to my knowledge.

P. 583. _Burnet_, in a conference I had with the Queen on the subject of peace.--she hoped bishops would not be against peace: I said, a good peace was what we prayed daily for, but ... any treaty by which Spain and the West Indies were left to King Philip, must in a little while deliver up all Europe into the hands of France; and, if any such peace should be made, she was betrayed, and we were all ruined; in less than three years' time, she would be murdered, and the fires would be again raised in Smithfield.--_Swift_. A false prophet in every particular.

P. 589. _Burnet_, the Queen having sent a message to the Lords to adjourn, it was debated:--that the Queen could not send a message to any one House to adjourn, when the like message was not sent to both Houses: the pleasure of the Prince, in convening, dissolving, proroguing, or ordering the adjournment of Parliaments, was always directed to both Houses; but never to any one House, without the same intimation was made, at the same time, to the other.--_Swift_. Modern nonsense.

P. 591. _Burnet_. The House of Commons, after the recess, entered on the observations of the commissioners for taking the public accounts; and began with [Sir Robert] Walpole, whom they resolved to put out of the way of disturbing them in the House.--_Swift_. He began early, and has been thriving _twenty-seven years_, to January 1739.

P. 609. _Burnet_. A new set of addresses ran about.... Some of these addresses mentioned the Protestant succession, and the House of Hanover, with zeal; others did it more coldly; and some made no mention at all of it. And it was universally believed, that no addresses were so acceptable to the ministers, as those of _the last sort_.--_Swift_. Foolish and factious.

P. 610. _Burnet_. The Duke of Ormonde had given the States such assurances, of his going along with them through the whole campaign, that he was let into the secrets of all their counsels, which by that confidence were all known to the French: And, if the auxiliary German troops had not been prepared to disobey his orders, it was believed he, in conjunction with the French army, would have forced the States to come into the new measures.--_Swift_. Vile Scot, dare to touch Ormonde's honour, and so falsely.

P. 612. _Burnet_, the Duke of Hamilton and Lord Mohun were engaged in litigation; and:--upon a very high provocation, the Lord Mohun sent him [the Duke] a challenge, which he tried to decline: but both being hurried, by those false points of honour, they fatally went out to Hyde Park, in the middle of November, and fought with so violent an animosity, that neglecting the rules of art, they seemed to run on one another, as if they tried who should kill first; in which they were both so unhappily successful, that the Lord Mohun was killed outright, and Duke Hamilton died in a few minutes after.[9]--_Swift_. Wrongly told.

[Footnote: 9: A footnote to the 1833 edition of Burnet says that "the duke in the belief of some was killed by General Macartney, the Lord Mohun's second." See also Chesterfield's letter quoted in Introduction, and Swift's own version in the "Four Last Years," p. 178. [T.S.]]

P. 614. _Burnet_ says of the Earl of Godolphin:--After having been thirty years in the Treasury, and during nine of those Lord Treasurer, as he was never once suspected of corruption, or of suffering his servants to grow rich under him, so in all that time his estate was not increased by him to the value of £4,000. _Swift_. A great lie.

THE CONCLUSION.

P. 669. _Burnet_, speaking of the progress of his own life, says:--The pleasures of sense I did soon nauseate.--_Swift_. Not so soon with the wine of some elections.

THE LIFE OF THE AUTHOR, BY THOMAS BURNET, ESQ.

Opposite to the title-page:--_Swift_. A rude violent party jackanapes.

In the Life, p. 719, is printed a letter from Archbishop Tillotson, dated October 23, 1764 [sic, the volume was printed in 1734, the date should be 1694], in which he says: "The account given of Athanasius's Creed, seems to me no-wise satisfactory; I wish we were well rid of it."--_Swift_ has drawn a finger in the margin of his copy of Burnet's History pointing to this passage.

P. 722. _Thomas Burnet_. The character I have given his wives, will scarce make it an addition to his, that he was a most affectionate husband. His tender care of the _first_, during a course of sickness, that lasted for many years; and _his fond love to the other two_, and the deep concern he expressed for their loss, were no more than their just due, from one of his humanity, gratitude and discernment.--_Swift_. Three wives.

P. 723. _Thomas Burnet_. The bishop was a kind and bountiful master to his servants, whom he never changed, but with regret and through necessity: Friendly and obliging to all in employment under him, and peculiarly happy in the choice of them; especially in that of the steward to the bishopric and his courts, William Wastefield, Esq. (a gentleman of a plentiful fortune, at the time of his accepting this post) and in that of his domestic steward, Mr. _Mackney_.--_Swift_. A Scot, his own countryman.

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NOTES ON THE FREE-HOLDER.

NOTE

"THE FREE HOLDER" was a political periodical written in the form of essays. It continued for fifty five numbers from Friday, December 23rd, 1715, to Friday, June 29th, 1716. Its purpose was to reconcile the English nation to the Hanoverian succession. "These papers," notes Scott, "while they exhibit the exquisite humour and solid sense peculiar to the author, show also, even amid the strength of party, that philanthropy and gentleness of nature, which were equally his distinguishing attributes. None of these qualities would have conciliated his great opponent, Swift, had the field of combat yet remained open to him. But as he withdrew from it in sullen indignation, he seems to have thrown out the following flashes of satire, as brief examples of what he would have done had the hour of answer been yet current."

Scott obtained these "notes" from a transcription of the original in Swift's own hand, in a copy of "The Free holder" which belonged to Dr. Bernard, Bishop of Limerick. The present text is a reprint of Scott's, but the text of "The Free holder" has been read with the octavo and duodecimo editions of that periodical issued by Midwinter in 1716. The titles to the essays were not given in the original issue, except that to No. 9. They were added as a "Contents" to the re-issue in volume form.

[T.S.]

NOTES ON THE FREE-HOLDER.[1]

No. 2. _Dec. 26, 1715_.--_Of His Majesty's Character._

_Addison._

[Footnote 1: "The Free-holder," conducted by Addison, was published on Mondays and Fridays from December 23rd, 1715, till June 29th, 1716; fifty-five numbers were issued altogether. [T.S.]]

It was by this [this firmness of mind] that he surmounted those many difficulties which lay in the way to his succession.--_Swift_. What difficulties were those, or what methods did he take to surmount them?

_Addison_. It is observed by Sir William Temple, that the English are particularly fond of a king who is valiant: Upon which account His Majesty has a title to all the esteem that can be paid the most warlike prince; though at the same time, for the good of his subjects, he studies to decline all occasions of military glory.--_Swift_. This seems to be a discovery.

_Addison_. I might here take notice of His Majesty's more private virtues, but have rather chosen to remind my countrymen of the public parts of his character.--_Swift_. This is prudent.

_Addison_. But the most remarkable interpositions of Providence, in favour of him, have appeared in removing those seemingly invincible obstacles to his succession; in taking away, at so critical a juncture, the person who might have proved a dangerous enemy; etc.--_Swift_. False, groundless, invidious, and ungrateful. Was that person the Queen?

No. 3. _Dec. 30, 1715_.--_The Memoirs of a Preston Rebel._

[_A Ludicrous Account of the Principles of the Northumberland Insurgents, and the Causes of their taking Arms_.]--_Swift_. Could this author, or his party, offer as good reasons for their infamous treatment of our blessed Queen's person, government, and majesty?

The same. _Addison_. Having been joined by a considerable reinforcement of Roman Catholics, whom we could rely upon, as knowing them to be the best Tories in the nation, and avowed enemies to Presbyterianism.--_Swift_. By this irony, the best Whigs are professed friends to fanatics.

The same. _Addison_. But before we could give the word [to retreat], the trainbands, taking advantage of our delay, fled first.--_Swift_. An argument for a standing army.

No. 6. _Jan. 9, 1715-16_.--_The Guilt of Perjury._

_Addison_. Though I should be unwilling to pronounce the man who is indolent, or indifferent in the cause of his prince, to be absolutely perjured; I may venture to affirm, that he falls very short of that allegiance to which he is obliged by oath.--_Swift_. Suppose a king grows a beast, or a tyrant, after I have taken an oath: a 'prentice takes an oath; but if his master useth him barbarously, the lad may be excused if he wishes for a better.

No. 7. _Jan. 13, 1715-16_.--_Of Party Lies._

_Addison_. If we may credit common report, there are several remote parts of the nation in which it is firmly believed, that all the churches in London are shut up; and that if any clergyman walks the streets in his habit, 'tis ten to one but he is knocked down by some sturdy schismatic.--_Swift_. No--but treated like a dog.

No. 8. _Jan. 16, 1715-16_.--_The Female Association._

_Addison_. It is therefore to be hoped that every fine woman will make this laudable use of her charms; and that she may not want to be frequently reminded of this great duty, I will only desire her to think of her country every time she looks in her glass.--_Swift_. By no means, for if she loves her country, she will not be pleased with the sight.

_Addison_. Every wife ought to answer for her man. If the husband be engaged in a seditious club or drinks mysterious healths ... let her look to him, and keep him out of harm's way; etc.--_Swift_. Will they hang a man for that.

No. 9. _Jan. 20, 1715-16_.--_Answer of the Free-holders of Great Britain to the Pretender's Declaration._

_The Declaration of the Free-holders of Great Britain, in Answer to that of the Pretender_.--_Addison_. Can you in conscience think us to be such fools as to rebel against the King, for ... having removed a general [the Duke of Ormonde] who is now actually in arms against him, etc.--_Swift_. Driven out by tyranny, malice, and faction.

_Addison_. The next grievance, which you have a mighty mind to redress among us, is the Parliament of Great Britain, against whom you bring a stale accusation which has been used by every minority in the memory of man; namely, that it was procured by unwarrantable influences and corruptions.--_Swift._ The freeholders will never sign this paragraph.

_Addison_. How comes it to pass that the Electorate of Hanover is become all of a sudden one of the most inconsiderable provinces of the empire?--_Swift_. It is indeed grown considerable by draining of England.

No. 12. _Jan_. 30, 1715-16.--_The Guilt of Rebellion in general, and of the late Rebellion in particular_.

_Addison_. The present rebellion [1715] is formed against a king, ... who has not been charged with one illegal proceeding.--_Swift_ Are you serious?

No. 13. _Feb_. 3, 1715-16.--_Of those who are indifferent in a time of Rebellion_,

_Addison_. In such a juncture [a rebellion], though a man may be innocent of the great breach which is made upon government, he is highly culpable, if he does not use all the means that are suitable to his station for reducing the community into its former state of peace and good order.--_Swift_. He speaks at his ease, but those who are ill used will be apt to apply what the boy said to his mother, who told him the enemy was approaching.

_Addison_. This law [one of Solon's] made it necessary for every citizen to take his party, because it was highly probable the majority would be so wise as to espouse that cause which was most agreeable to the public weal.--_Swift_. No--for, in England, a faction that governs a weak, or honours a wicked prince, will carry all against a majority in the kingdom, as we have seen by sad experience.

No. 14. _Feb._ 6, 1715-16.--_The Political Creed of a Tory Malcontent._

_Addison_. Article XIII, That there is an unwarrantable faction in this island, consisting of King, Lords, and Commons.--_Swift_. This article is too true, with a little alteration.

The same. _Addison_. Article XV. That an Act of Parliament to empower the King to secure suspected persons in times of rebellion, is the means to establish the sovereign on the throne, and consequently a great infringement of the liberties of the subject.--_Swift_. No--but to destroy liberty.

No. 21. _Mar_. 2, 1715-16.--_The Birthday of Her Royal Highness the Princess of Wales_.

_Addison_. When this excellent princess was yet in her father's court, she was so celebrated for the beauty of her person, etc.--_Swift_. I have bad eyes.

_Addison_. There is no part of her Royal Highness's character which we observe with greater pleasure, than that behaviour by which she has so much endeared herself to His Majesty.--_Swift._ What would he say now?[2]

[Footnote: 2: The prince and his father, George I., were now [1727, just before George I. died] at variance. [S.]]

No. 24. _Mar_. 12, 1715-16.--_The Designs of His Majesty's Enemies impracticable_.

_Addison_. To this we may add ... that submissive deference of his Royal Highness both from duty and inclination to all the measures of his Royal father.--_Swift_. Which still continues.

_Addison_. There is no question but His Majesty will be as generally valued and beloved in his British as he is in his German dominions, when he shall have time to make his royal virtues equally known among us.--_Swift._ How long time does he require?

No. 26. _Mar_. 19, 1715-16.--_Considerations offered to the disaffected part of the Fair Sex_.

_Addison_. Several inconveniencies which those among them undergo, who have not yet surrendered to the government.--_Swift_. Would he pimp for the court?

No. 29. _Mar_. 30, 1716.--_The Practice of Morality necessary to make a Party flourish_.

_Addison_. Those of our fellow-subjects, who are sensible of the happiness they enjoy in His Majesty's accession to the throne, are obliged, by all the duties of gratitude, to adore that Providence which has so signally interposed in our behalf, by clearing a way to the Protestant succession through such difficulties as seemed insuperable--_Swift_. I wish he had told us any one of those difficulties.

_Addison_. It is the duty of an honest and prudent man, to sacrifice a doubtful opinion to the concurring judgement of those whom he believes to be well intentioned to their country, and who have better opportunities of looking into all its most complicated interests.--_Swift_. A motion to make men go every length with their party. I am sorry to see such a principle in this author.

No. 31. _Apr_. 6, 1716.--_Answer to a celebrated Pamphlet entitled "An Argument to prove the Affections of the People of England to be the best Security of the Government; etc."_

_Addison_. This middle method [of tempering justice with mercy] ... has hitherto been made use of by our sovereign.--_Swift_. In trifles.

_Addison_. Would it be possible for him [the reader] to imagine, that of the several thousands openly taken in arms, and liable to death by the laws of their country, not above forty have yet suffered?--_Swift._ A trifle!

_Addison_. Has not His Majesty then shewn the least appearance of grace in that generous forgiveness which he has already extended to such great numbers of his rebellious subjects, who must have died by the laws of their country, had not his mercy interposed in their behalf?--_Swift_. Prodigious clemency, not to hang all the common soldiers who followed their leaders!

_Addison_. Those who are pardoned would not have known the value of grace, if none had felt the effects of justice.--_Swift._ And only hanging the lords and gentlemen, and some of the rabble.

_Addison_. Their [the last ministry's] friends have ever since made use of the most base methods to infuse those groundless discontents into the minds of the common people, etc.--_Swift._ Hath experience shown those discontents groundless?

_Addison_. If the removal of these persons from their posts has produced such popular commotions, the continuance of them might have produced something much more fatal to their king and country.--_Swift_. Very false reasoning.

_Addison_. No man would make such a parallel, [between the treatment of the rebels, and that of the Catalans under King Philip,] unless his mind be so blinded with passion and prejudice, as to assert, in the language of this pamphlet, "That no instances can be produced of the least lenity under the present administration from the first hour it commenced to this day."--_Swift_. Nor to this, 1727.

_Addison_. God be thanked we have a king who punishes with reluctancy.--_Swift_. A great comfort to the sufferers!

_Addison_. It would be well if all those who ... are clamorous at the proceedings of His present Majesty, would remember, that notwithstanding that rebellion [the Duke of Monmouth's] ... had no tendency ... to destroy the national religion, etc.--_Swift_. To introduce fanaticism, and destroy monarchy.

_Addison_. No prince has ever given a greater instance of his inclinations to rule without a standing army.--_Swift_. We find this true by experience.

_Addison_. What greater instances could His Majesty have given of his love to the Church of England, than those he has exhibited by his most solemn declarations; by his daily example; and by his promotions of the most eminent among the clergy to such vacancies as have happened in his reign.--_Swift._ Most undeniable truth, as any in Rabelais.

No. 44. _May_ 21, 1716.--_Tory Foxhunter's Account of the Masquerade on the Birth of the Arch-Duke._

_Addison_. What still gave him greater offence was a drunken bishop, who reeled from one side of the court to the other, and was very sweet upon an Indian Queen.--_Swift_. Then, that story is true?

No. 45. _May_ 25, 1716.--_The Use and Advantage of Wit and Humour under proper Regulations_.

_Addison_. I have lately read with much pleasure, the "Essays upon several Subjects" published by Sir Richard Blackmore.--_Swift_. I admire to see such praises from this author to so insipid a scoundrel, whom I know he despised.

No. 51. _June_ 15, 1716.--_Cautions to be observed in the reading of ancient Greek and Roman Historians_.

_Addison_. "History of Free-thinking."--_Swift_. Writ by Collins.

_Addison_. The greatest theorists ... among those very people [the Greeks and Romans,] have given the preference to such a form of government, as that which obtains in this kingdom.--_Swift_. Yet, this we see is liable to be wholly corrupted.

No. 52. _June_ 18, 1716.--_Of State Jealousy_.

_Addison_. It is plain, ... that such a base ungenerous race of men could rely upon nothing for their safety in this affront to His Majesty, [wearing a mark on the Pretender's birth-day,] but the known gentleness and lenity of his government.--_Swift_. Then the devil was in them.

No. 54. _June_ 25, 1716.--_Preference of the Whig Scheme to that of the Tories_.

_Addison_. The Whigs tell us ... that the Tory scheme would terminate in Popery and arbitrary government.--_Swift._ But Tories never writ or spoke so gently and favourably of Popery, as Whigs do of Presbytery. Witness a thousand pamphlets on both sides.

_Addison_. I shall not impute to any Tory scheme the administration of King James the Second, on condition that they do not reproach the Whigs with the usurpation of Oliver.--_Swift_. I will not accept that condition, nor did I ever see so unfair a one offered.

No. 55. _June_ 29, 1716.--_Conclusion_.

_Addison_. The enemies of His present Majesty ... find him in a condition to visit his dominions in Germany, without any danger to himself, or to the public; whilst his dutiful subjects would be in no ordinary concern upon this occasion, had they not the consolation to find themselves left under the protection of a prince who makes it his ambition to copy out his Royal Father's example.--_Swift_ Then, why was he never trusted a second time?

_Addison_. It would indeed have been an unpardonable insolence for a fellow-subject to treat in a vindictive and cruel style, those persons whom His Majesty has endeavoured to reduce to obedience by gentle methods, which he has declared from the throne to be most agreeable to his inclinations.--_Swift_. And is that enough?

_Addison_. May we not hope that all of this kind, who have the least sentiments of honour or gratitude, will be won over to their duty by so many instances of Royal clemency?--_Swift_ Not one instance produced.

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INDEX.

ABINGDON, Earl of, character of, 279. Addison, Joseph, Swift and, 15; Swift's Notes on the Freeholder, 371-377. Aglionby, Mr., character of, 284. Albemarle, Earl of, defeated at Denain, 169, 175; character of, 276. Allies, the, unfair treatment of England by, 104 _et seq_. Ancaster, Duke of, character of, 279. Anne, the Princess, her behaviour at the birth of the Pretender, 360. _See_ Anne, Queen. Anne, Queen, her treatment of Swift, 10 and _n_., 15; offers a reward for discovery of author of the "Public Spirit of the Whigs," 15; her change of ministry, 19, 31; her overtures with regard to peace, 31, 50; creates twelve new peers, 38, 39; stated to have pressed Marlborough to become general for life, 40; dismisses Marlborough, 48, 49; her conduct of the peace negotiations, _see_ Utrecht, Congress of; speech on the terms of peace with France, 151 _et seq_. Argyle, the family of, Swift on, 293, 300, 306, 308, 312, 313, 314, 317, 318, 319, 332, 335. Argyle, Archibald, Duke of, character of, 286. Arlington, Earl of, character of, 334. Assiento, the, demanded by England, 63, 67, 136, 144, 145, 153; the Dutch demand a share in, 130, 138, 140, 141. Aylesford, Earl of, Swift on, 350. Aylmer, Colonel Matthew (Lord), character of, 284.

Baillie, Robert, 349-350; his execution, 351. Barrier Treaty, the, 41, 80-82; inquiry into, 99; laid before the House, 100; interests of Great Britain sacrificed by, 110-114; peace proposals affecting, 134, 135, 138, 140, 143; new treaty signed, 180-182. Bavaria, Elector of, peace proposals affecting, 79, 171, 176, 179, 183, 184, 188. Baxter, Richard, 337. Berkeley, Earl of, character of, 279. Berry, Duke of, declared heir to the French throne, 152, 174. Blackmore, Sir Richard, 376. Blackwell, Sir Lambert, character of, 284. Blunt, Sir John, on the National Debt, 91, 92. Bolingbroke, Henry St. John, Lord, his estrangement from Harley, 13, 16; information given to Swift by, 18 _n_.; and the Duke of Somerset, 33; his interview with Bothmar, 43; introduces Prince Eugene to the Queen, 43; hated by Eugene, 45; his attacks on Walpole, 84 and _n_.; his energy in instituting an enquiry into the war, 119; his negotiations with Buys, 130; orders Ormonde not to fight, 150 _n_., 156 _n_.; letter to Thomas Harley on the conduct of the Dutch, 160 _n_.; his opinion of Rebellion, 166 _n_.; created Viscount, 170; his indignation at not being made an Earl, 170 _n_.; his mission to France, 171, 172; mentioned, 76, 77, 121. Bolton, Charles, Duke of, character of, 274; Bothmar, M., Hanover Envoy, memorial of, 42, 43, 129, 167; his interview with Bolingbroke, 43, 45, 48; deceives his master by false representations, 166. Boyle, Archbishop Michael, 354. Boyle, Hon. Henry (Lord Carleton), character of, 281. Boyle, Robert, 338. Bristol, John Digby, 3rd Earl of, 27 _n_. Bromley, William, 121. Brydges, Mr. (Duke of Chandos), character of, 280. Buckingham, Duke of, character of, 334, 335. Buckinghamshire, John Duke of, character of, 273. Burnet, Gilbert, Bishop of Salisbury, 16, the originator of the National Debt, 88; character of, 282; Swift's remarks on his "History," 325-368; appointed Professor of Divinity at Glasgow, 341; his "Lives of the Dukes of Hamilton," 341; settled in Holland, 357; and the Earl of Portland, 364; his "Pastoral Letter," 365, 366; his criticism of "The Conduct of the Allies," 366; his opinion on the peace, 366, 367; his wives, 368. Burnet, Thomas, his life of Bishop Burnet, 368. Butler of Weston, Lord, character of, 281. Buys, Pensionary, Dutch envoy in London, 38, 41-43, 48, 60,74-76, 80-82, 129; account of, 41, 42; on national debts, 88; his unreasonable proposals, 130; goes to Utrecht, 136; his hostile attitude to England, 136-139, 144; his altered behaviour, 187; charges all delays to Heinsius, 187.

Cadogan, General, 164. Cardonnell, Adam, secretary to the Duke of Marlborough, expelled the house, 87. Carstairs, William, character of, 287, 345. Carstares, Rev. W., 117, 118 _n_. Cartwright, Bishop, 356. Chandos, Lord, character of, 280. Charles II., his mistresses, 339, 340, 344; Burnet's character of, 353. Charles VI., Emperor, averse from ending the war, 42; his proposals, 43, 44; how affected by Treaty of Utrecht, 188; does not sign the Treaty, 190. Charles XII., King of Sweden, Swift's veneration for, 195. Chesterfield, Earl of, character of, 279. Cholmondeley, Earl of, 19; character of, 280. Church of Rome, the, usurpations of, 207. Churches, suggestion for building fifty new, 20. Clarendon, Earl of, 16; Swift's remarks on his "History of the Rebellion," 291-323, 332; Burnet on his banishment, 339, 340. Congreve, William, Swift and, 15. Cowper, Lord, character of, 28, 29. Craggs, father of the Secretary, 40.

Crewe, Lord, Bishop of Durham, 365. Croissy, Chevalier de, 54. Cromwell, Oliver, Swift on, 314, 316, 333, 334; and the Countess of Dysert, 339. Cutts, Lord, character of, 284.

Dartmouth, Earl of, 129; character of, 278. D'Avenant, Charles, character of, 282. D'Avenant, Mr., agent at Frankfort, character of, 284. De La Warr, Lord, character of, 280. Denain, battle of, 52, 169. Derby, Earl of, character of, 276. De Witt, Pensionary, 338; the Prince of Orange and, 343. Disney, Colonel, 165. Dorislaus, Dr., 317. Dorset, Earl of, character of, 276. Dundee, Earl of, Swift on, 362. Dunkirk, proposed demolition of, 62, 67, 68, 70, 74, 135, 153; Hill takes possession of, 161, 163, 165. Dutch, the, the French affect resentment against, 55 and _n._; negotiate secretly with France, 55 _n._, 60, 61, 139, 143, 145; their answer to the French proposals, 59; French and English preliminaries submitted to, 71; their object in sending M. Buys to London, 76; agree to Congress of Utrecht, 79; their treaty with England, 80-82, 129; fail to observe their agreements, 104, 105; unreasonable demands of, 130; misled by factions in England, 131, 137, 142, 145, 158, 161, 175; the Queen's indignation with, 131; hostile attitude of, to England, 138, 139, 144, 145; English concessions to, 143; protest against Ormonde's refusal to fight, 159, 160, 162; refuse Ormonde passage through their towns, 163; refuse to join England in the armistice, 168; their consequent losses, 175; discover they have been deceived, 176, 184; their proposals, 176; last English offers to, 179; new Succession and Barrier treaty concluded with, 180, 181, 182; convinced of the Queen's sincerity, 184. Dysert, Countess of, and Cromwell, 339.

"Eikon Basilike," Swift on, 333. England, Abstract of the History of, 195-270. Essex, Earl of, 276, 303, 305; Swift on, 305; suicide of, 350. Eugene, Prince, in England, 43; design of his visit, 44, 45, 132; his hatred of Bolingbroke, 45; his action in Flanders, 147; deserts Ormonde, 162.

Fairfax, Lord, 333. Falkland, Lord, and Prince Rupert, 300; his discourses against the Roman Catholic religion, 303; character of, 303. Feversham, Earl of, character of, 279; Burnet on, 361. Fitzgerald, Percy, his collation of the "Four Last Years," xxi; his collation of Swift's remarks on Clarendon, 290. "Four Last Years of the Queen," History of the, editor's advertisement to, 5; editor's motives in publishing, 7; editor's criticism of Swift, 8-11; Swift's reasons for writing, 13, 14; Swift's materials for, 14. _See also_ Introduction. Fletcher, Andrew, of Saltoun, character of, 287. France, offers terms of peace, 51; refuses the British demands, 51, 53; anxious for peace, 53; affects resentment against the Dutch, 55 and _n._; negotiations between the Allies and, 56 _et seq., see_ Utrecht, Congress of; renounces the succession In Spain, 152, 173, 174. Frankland, Sir Thomas, character of, 281. "Free Thoughts on the Present State of Affairs," publication of, delayed by Bolingbroke, 21 _n_.

Gallas, Count, Austrian Ambassador, 44, 54; forbidden the Court, 77, 78. Galway, Earl of, character of, 284. Gaultier, Abbé, employed in peace negotiations, 53 and _n_., 54 _et seq_., 78, 142. George I., Addison on, 374, 375, 376, 377. Gertruydenberg, conference at, 54, 55, 56, 59, 76. Gibraltar, to be annexed to Britain, 136, 140, 141, 153. Godolphin, Earl of, character of, 26, 27; nicknamed "Volpone," 27; his treatment of the Duke of Somerset, 33; in need of protection, 41; debt incurred under his administration, 92, 93, 96; at the head of the Junto, 129; Burnet on, 348, 368. Goodenough, under-sheriff of London, 354. Grafton, Duke of, character of, 275. Grand Alliance, the, 70, 83. Grantham, Earl of, character of, 279. Greenvil, Sir Richard, Swift on, 309. Grey of Werke, Lord, character of, 280. Griffin, Lord, character of, 280. Guernsey, Heneage Finch, Lord, 30. Guilford, Lord, character of, 280. Guiscard, Marquis de, 97, 120. Gyllenborg, Count de, the "Abstract of the History of England," dedicated to, 194, 195.

Hague, The, conference at, 51, 54, 55, 59, 65. Halifax, Lord, character of, 275.

Hamilton, 3rd Marquess, afterwards Duke of, Swift on, 293,305, 306, 317, 321. Hamilton, James Douglas, 4th Duke of, his duel with Lord Mohun, 178, 179, 286, 367; character of, 286. Hanmer, Sir Thomas, his "Representation," 100. Hanover, the Elector of, 34, 42; his "Memorial to the Queen," 42, 43 and _n_.; deceived by Robethon and Bothmar, 166, 167; T. Harley's mission to, 167, 168. Hanover, House of, Bill for fixing the precedence of the, 98, 99. Harley, Robert, Earl of Oxford, his estrangement from Bolingbroke, 13, 16; information given to Swift by, 18 _n_.; his financial measures, 20, 96-98; blamed in connection with Nottingham's amendment to the address, 38; advises the Queen to create new peers, 38; character of, 93-96, 281. Harley, Thomas, his mission to Utrecht, 140; sent to Hanover, 166, 167, 168. Hartington, Marquess of, character of, 275. Hedges, Sir Charles, 86. Heinsius, Pensionary, 60; charged by Bays with all delays, 187. Henderson, Alexander, "a cursed fanatic," 294. Henry I., history of reign of, 217-237; his character and person, 236. Henry II., history of the reign of, 265-268; character of, 269. Hickes, Dean, 346, 347. Hill, John, takes Dunkirk, 161, 163, 165. Hill, Richard, character of, 283. Hoffman, the Emperor's Resident in England, 129, 132. Holland, Earl of, Swift on, 304. Hompesch, Count, Dutch General, 164, 175. Hurry, Colonel, character of, 302, 303, 307.

Ingoldsby, Colonel, 323. Ireland, "a most obscure disagreeable country," 196; slow growth of civilization in, 267, 268.

James II, the "abdicated king," 10, 11, 26; flight and capture of, 361. Jeffreys, Judge, his death in the Tower, 361. Jersey, Earl of, 35; and the Abbe Gaultier, 54. Johnstoun, James, character of, 287. Junto, Lords of the, 32, 39, 129.

Kennedy, Lady Margaret, married Bishop Burnet, 328. Kent, Earl (afterwards Duke) of, character of, 279.

Land, Bill appointing Commissioners to examine into Crown grants of, 121. Lauderdale, Earl of, Swift on, 317. Leightoun, Bishop, Burnet on, 335; death of, 351, 352. Leopold, the Emperor, fails to observe his agreements, 105. Lewis, Erasmus, letter of, to Swift, on the "Four Last Years," quoted, x, 25 _n_., 30 _n_., 33 _n_., 42 _n_., 45 _n_. Lexington, Lord, appointed Ambassador in Spain, 178, 190; character of, 280; Lindsey, Earl of _See_ Ancaster, Duke of. Louis XIV., King of France, his negotiations for peace, 51 _et seq_., _See_ Utrecht, Congress of. Lorraine, Duke of, 61. Lucas, Dr. Charles, Editor of the "Four Last Years," 5 _n_. Lucas, Lord; character of, 277. Lumley, Lord, character of, 358.

Macartney, General, kills the Duke of Hamilton, 178, 179, 286. Macky, John, account of, 272; "Memoirs of the Secret Services of," 272; his characters of the Court of Queen Anne, 273, 288. Mansell, Thomas (afterwards Lord), character of, 281. Mar, Earl of, character of, 287. March Club, the, 121. Marlborough, Duke of, 19, 58; character of, 24, 25, 273; insinuations against his courage, 25 and _n_., 48; fears an inquiry, 40; his demand to be made general for life, 40, 41; fall of, 46, 49; accused of corruption, 84, 86; his deduction of 2-1/2 per cent from the pay of foreign troops, 85, 116; at the head of the Junto, 129; endeavours to dissuade the Dutch from concluding peace, 187, 188; "detestably covetous," 273; Burnet on, 359. Marlborough, Duchess of, character of, 25, 26. Masham, Mrs., her hostility to the Duke of Marlborough, 87. Maynard, Sir John, 347, 362. Mesnager, M., his mission to London, 66, 67; appointed plenipotentiary at Utrecht, 80; favours the Dutch, 165; quarrels with Count Rechteren, 177, 181, 182; his unreasonable attitude, 182, 183, 189. Methuen, Sir Paul, character of, 283. Mew, Bishop, character of, 352. Middleton, Earl of, character of, 287. Milton's "Paradise Lost," Burnet's criticism of, 336. Mohun, Lord, his duel with the Duke of Hamilton, 178, 367; character of, 278. Molo, Dutch agent, 139, 166. Montagu, Duke of, character of, 275. Monteleon, Marquis of, Spanish ambassador in London, 190. Montrevil, M., 310, 311. Montrose, Marquess (afterwards Duke) of, character of, 286, 311, 318, 333. Munster, Treaty of, 112.

Nassau, Count, 164. National Debt, the, origin of, 87. Newcastle, Duke of, 35; character of, 274. Newfoundland, to be restored to England, 63, 68, 136, 153; French fishing rights in, 68. Northumberland, George, Duke of, character of, 274. Nottingham, Earl of, character of, 29, 30; his nicknames, 30 _n_.; his amendment to the address with reference to the peace, 34 _n_., 36, 129, 131; out of favour at Court, 34; his disappointment, 35; goes over to the Whigs, 35, 48, 129; his bill against Occasional Conformity, 35, 37, 39, 40; votes against the Bill for appointing Commissioners to examine into Crown grants of land, 122; character of, 274.

Occasional Conformity, Bill against, 35, 37, 39, 40. October Club, the, 120. O'Hara, Sir Charles. _See_ Tyrawley, Lord. Orange, Prince of. _See_ William III. Orkney, Earl of, character of, 284. Orkney, Lady, 355. Ormonde, Duke of, succeeds Marlborough in Flanders, 46, 143; ordered to avoid fighting, 146, 150 _n_., 156 and _n_.; refuses to fight, 147; anger of the Dutch against, 147, 148; why unable to take Dunkirk, 159; deserted by the allies, 162; declares an armistice, 163; refused passage through Dutch towns, 163; takes possession of Ghent and Bruges, 164, 165; character of, 273; Burnet on, 360, 367; Addison on, 372. Ossuna, Duke d', 190. Oxford, Countess of, "cheated by her father," 274. Oxford, Earl of. _See_ Harley.

Palatines, the, 115. Parker, Chief Justice, 38. Parliament, origin of, in England, 225-227. Patrick, Bishop, character of, 337, 340. Peace, desire for, 19, 20; the Queen's overtures in favour of, 31, 50; amendment to the address with reference to, carried, 36; history of the negotiations for, 51 _et seq. See_ Utrecht, Congress of. Penn, William, Swift on, 356. Petecum, M., 56 _n_.; his negotiations with Torcy, 60. Peterborough, Earl of, a spy in the service of, 77; character of, 277. Philip V., King of Spain, renounces the Kingdom of France, 142, 143, 146, 151, 157. Polignac, Abbé de, one of the plenipotentiaries at Utrecht, 79, 82, 166; made a cardinal, 182. Porter, Sir Charles, 354. Portland, Earl of, character of, 276. Poulett, Lord, character of, 278. Powis, Sir Thomas, 354. Press, licence of the, 124; Bill for regulation of, not passed, 126. Pretender, the, sent out of France, 189; Burnet on the birth of, 358, 364; taken to France, 360, 361; hated by the Queen, 366. Prior, M., his "History of his own Time," quoted, 55 _n_., 61; mission to Versailles, 56 _n_., 61, 63; his return, 66; mission to France with Bolingbroke, 172, 176, 184; character of, 282; Burnet on, 366. Protestant religion, meaning of the words, 296. Protestants, Act for naturalizing foreign, 114. Pym, John, Swift on the death of, 306.

Quakers, their objection to oaths, 127, 128. Queen Elizabeth's Day, 47 and _n_.

Raby, Lord. _See_ Strafford, Earl of. Rechteren, Count, his quarrel with M. Mesnager, 177, 181, 182. Report of the Commissioners for inspecting public accounts, 84-87. "Representation," the, on the war presented to the Queen, 100-114, 118; Dutch memorial in answer to, 119. Richmond, Duke of, character of, 274. Rivers, Earl, his mission to Hanover, 166, 167; character of, 276. Robethon, a Frenchman in the Elector of Hanover's service, 166. Robinson, Dr., Bishop of Bristol, made Lord Privy Seal, 20, 35; plenipotentiary at Utrecht, 31, 82; goes to Holland, 132; opens the Congress, 138 _et seq_. Rochester, Earl of, 32, 35; Burnet on, 340, 341. Romney, Henry, Earl of, character of, 274, 358. Ronquillo, Don Pedro de, Spanish Ambassador, his house pulled down, 361. Rothes, Earl of, character of, 294; a remark of, quoted, 346. Rouille, M., 52. Roxburgh, Duke of, and the Earl of Nottingham, 35.

Sacheverell, Dr., trial of, 20, 24, 53; nicknames Godolphin "Volpone," 27. St. John, George, 191 _n_. St. John, Henry. _See_ Bolingbroke. St. John, Oliver, 294, 295, 296. Sancroft, Archbishop, Burnet on, 345, 355, 363. Sandwich, Earl of, character of, 277. Savoy, Duke of, peace proposals affecting, 62, 63, 76, 78, 79, 135, 155, 171, 178, 180. Scarborough, Earl of, 36. Scotch, the, Swift's hatred of. _See_ Remarks on Clarendon's History and Burnet's History, 291-368 _passim_. Scotland, Act of Toleration with, regard to the Episcopal Church of, 116, 117, 118 _n_.; Act restoring Patronage in the Church of, 117, 118, and _n_. Shaftesbury (Sir A.A. Cooper), Earl of, character of, 303, 306. Sharp, Archbishop, 334, 336, 338, 341, 346. Sheldon, Archbishop, character of, 339. Shrewsbury, Earl of, character of, 358. Shrewsbury, Duke of, 54; appointed Ambassador at Paris, 181 _et seq_.; Swift's opinion of, 186 _n_. Shower, Rev. Mr., letter to Harley from, 39. Sichel, Walter, his "Bolingbroke and his Times," quoted, 77 _n_. Sidney, Henry. _See_ Romney, Earl of. Smith, Rt. Hon. John, character of, 282. Somers, Lord, character of, 22-24, 275. Somerset, Duke of, 19, 48; the hope of the Whigs, 31; in favour with the Queen, 32; and Lord Godolphin, 32, 33; his breach with the Tories, 33; at the head of the Junto, 129. Somerset, Duke of, character of, 273. Spain, the war in, 106; peace proposals affecting, 134, 135; not represented at the Congress of Utrecht, 190; treaty between Great Britain and, 190. Sprat, Bishop, Burnet on, 348. Stamford, Earl of, character of, 277, 301. Stanhope, Colonel, character of, 284. Stanhope, Earl, character of, 284. Steele, Sir R., Swift and, 15 and _n_. Stephen, King, history of the reign of, 238-264; his character and person, 262. Stepney, George, character of, 283. Sterne, Archbishop, character of, 352. Strafford, Earl of, attainder of, 295, 296. Strafford (Lord Raby), Earl of, plenipotentiary at Utrecht, 31, 82, 131 _et seq_.; his negotiations at the Hague, 57, 58, 71; character of, 283. Sunderland, Earl of, character of, 27, 28; his library, 27 and _n_.; character of, 277. Sutherland, Earl of, character of, 286. Swift, Jonathan, avowal of his independence, 15; endeavours to reconcile Harley and Bolingbroke, 16; on the Hanoverian succession, 16, 17; his suggestion for building new churches in London, 20 _n_.; his definition of Whig and Tory, 21 _n_.; helped Sir Thos. Hanmer with the "Representation," 100; his remarks on characters of the court of Queen Anne, 273-288; his remarks on Clarendon's "History of the Rebellion," 291-323, 330; his remarks on Burnet's "History," 323-368; his notes on the "Free-holder," 371-377.

_Tacking_, explained, 123. Temple, Sir William, Burnet on, 344, 345, 362. Tenison, Archbishop, character of, 282, 337. Thanet, Earl of, character of, 277. Titus, Colonel, Swift on, 331. Torcy, Marquis de, his conduct of the peace negotiations, 51 _et seq_., 142, 146, 147; his opinion of the British army, 169; suggests that the Queen should join with France in compelling the Dutch to a peace, 170; the prime mover in favour of peace, 183; testimony to his candour and integrity, 183, 184. Tory principles, Swift's definition of, 21 _n_. Townshend, Lord, on Dr. Lucas, 5 _n_.; and the Barrier Treaty, 41, 58, 99; declared an enemy to the Queen and kingdom, 100, 113; character of, 278. Trimnel, Dr., Bishop of Norwich, 27 _n_. Tyrawley, Lord, character of, 284.

Utrecht, Congress at, 20, 31, 50; negotiations leading to, 51-82; French overtures to England, 56; transmitted to Holland, 57; the Dutch reply, 59; English preliminary demands sent to France, 62; the French reply, 67; preliminaries signed by France and England, 69; communicated to Holland, 71; Dutch objections, 74; the Congress agreed to, 79; instructions of the English plenipotentiaries, 133; opening of the Congress, 138; Dutch obstruction, 139 _et seq._; result of Ormonde's refusal to fight, 148, 149; England declares herself under no obligation to the Dutch, 149, 150; terms of peace between England and France, 151-155; proposed armistice, 157; anger of the Dutch, 158; the conference resumed, 172; difficulties caused by dissensions with the Dutch, 175; the Dutch change their attitude, 176, 184; English ultimatum, 185; the French yield, 186; further delay caused by French "litigious manner of treating," 188; Treaty of Utrecht signed, 190. Uxelles, Marechal d', one of the plenipotentiaries at Utrecht, 79; favours the Dutch, 165, 183.

Vanderdussen, M., 60. Vane, Sir Harry, the younger, character of, 305, 316; execution of, 336, 337. Villars, Marechal de, 147, 156, 159, 165, 169.

Walker, Dr., defended Londonderry, 362. Walker, Sir Edward, 306. Wallis, Count, 163. Walpole, Horatio, 52. Walpole, Sir Robert, 37; committed to the Tower, 84; attacked by Bolingbroke, 84 _n_. Walsh, Peter, 338. Wariston, Swift on, 335-338. Weems, Earl of, character of, 288. Wharton, Earl of, 38; character of, 28, 278; his Irish administration, 41. "Whigs, Public Spirit of the," a reward offered by the Queen for discovery of the author of, 15. Whig and Tory, distinction between, 20, 21 _n_. Wild Serjeant, 316. William Rufus, history of the reign of, 202, 216; his character and person, 214. William III., King, character of, 355; his Declaration, 359; comes to England, 359, 360, 365; Addison on, 371. Williams, Archbishop, 292, 296, 297, 298. Wincam, Sir George, married Burnet's great aunt, 333. Winchilsea, Earl of, character of, 277. Wolley, Bishop, of Clonfert, 340. Wright, Sir Nathan, character of, 275.

York, Duke of (afterwards James II.), Swift on, 312, 314, 315, 320, 321, 322, 323.

Zinzendorf, Count, Austrian Envoy at the Hague, 77, 78; sows jealousies between England and Holland, 158; deludes the Dutch with promises, 168, 176, 180.