Part 26

Ancestor of the present Earl of Mount Edgcombe. He was made a Knight of the Bath at the creation of Prince Arthur in 1489, and a Knight Banneret at Therouenne, and died on the 14th August, 1539. The entry relating to him is of 7_l._ 14_s._ paid to his servants for bringing two prisoners from Cornwall to London. A similar payment was made to him in 1491, "Item, to the servants of Piers Edgecombe that brought unto us two prisoners, fyve marks." Ellis's _Original Letters_, 2nd Series, vol. i. p. 173.

Edmond, keeper of Greenwich Park, 60.

----, a footman, 67.

----, 164.

Edward, the gardener, 145.

Elderton Sir Ralph, 106.

---- Humphrey, a falconer, 225.

Eltham, 218, _bis_, 220, _bis_, 221, 223, 224, _sæpe_, 225, 226, 227, 229, 275.

----, for repairs of the king's house at, 229.

---- Park, 220.

----, to the keepers of, 94, 230, 258, 265.

Elton Robert, a waterman, 263, 288.

Elys Henry, a falconer, 8, 23, 87, 98, 119, 136, 286.

---- John, master of the king's mine in Wales, 69. See MINE.

Elys Richard, a falconer, 38, 233.

---- the elder, 39.

----, young, 39.

Embroidery, clothes of, 15.

Embroiderer, to the king's, 103, 124, 128, 280.

Emerald, paid for an, 6.

Emperor, embassy to the, 19. Lord Herbert says, on the "8th December, 1529, he (the king) writ letters with his own hand to the bishop of Worcester and Sir Gregory Casilis, then with the Pope, to tell them that he had sent Sir Thomas Bolen, newly created Earl of Wiltshire and Ormond, with John Stokesley, elect bishop of London, and Edward Lee, as his ambassadors to the Emperor," on the subject of the divorce. The payment of the money for their expences was not however made until the 24th January following. We here learn that it amounted to 743_l._ 8_s._

Emyson, Sexton's servant, 11, 94, 120, 138, 193.

Enfield chase, the rangers and keeper of, 74.

Erasmus an armourer, 22, 44, 62, 105.

Erbes. Vide Herbs.

Esthampstede, 66, 152, 153, _sæpe_.

---- Park, to the keeper of, 65, 153.

Eton, to poor women of, 36.

----, the provost of, 52, 55, 58, 63, 64.

Each of these entries excepting one, are of payments to the servant of the Provost for bringing cakes to the king, for the making of which we may infer that his servant was celebrated.

Evans John, a falconer, 37, 38, 51, _ter_, 78, _bis_, 110, 116, 133, _bis_, 140, _bis_, 141, 144, 171, 185, 212, 227, _bis_, 259, 278, 286, 287, 291.

All these entries were of payments for his wages, board wages, or for food for the hawks in his custody.

Evans Thomas, 187.

Everingham John, a waterman, 48, 108.

Evesham, abbot of, 116.

Ewelm, to the keeper of, in Oxfordshire, 154.

Ewry, one of the, 20.

Ewstace, a jeweller, 15.

Exeter, bishop of, 213.

John Voysey, dean of Windsor. He was appointed to that See in August 1519, and resigned it in 1551.

Exeter, Marquess of, 61, 62, _bis_, 149, 152.

Henry Courtenay, eleventh earl of Devon, who was elevated to the Marquisate of Exeter in 1525. This distinguished nobleman was the son of William, Earl of Devon, by Katherine, youngest daughter of King Edward the Fourth, and was consequently first cousin to Henry, a relationship which placed him much too near to the crown to be compatible with his safety; and, in 1538, he was suspected of high treason. Suspicion was then equivalent to guilt, and the Marquess was beheaded on Tower Hill, on the 9th of January 1539. "Of all victims of the jealous tyrant," the elegant Gibbon justly remarks, "the Marquess of Exeter is one of the most noble and guiltless." The entries in these accounts throw no light upon his character, nor are they of much interest, for they consist merely of rewards to his servants, or bringing presents of hounds to the King.

Exhibition of scholars at Oxford, for the, 125.

---- of scholars, 90, 125, 231.

For some remarks on this subject, see under SCHOLARS, infra.

Eyred, for bringing a hawk that was, 60.

"To eyre," in falconry, is to build or rather to brood; hence we must infer that this entry related to a hawk that had been hatched at Elmley.

Falcons, for taking up, 20, 24, 187.

----, paid for, 9, 10, 92.

These items afford much information on the value of falcons at the period. Two falcons and a goshawk cost 3_l._ Five falcons and a tarsell were worth 8_l._ and five falcons 7_l._ 6_s._ 8_d._; so that the value of a tarsell was about 13_s._ 4_d._

---- brought, 87, 184, 198.

Falconer, paid to a, 129.

---- to, for their coats, 142.

----, and hawks given by the King of France, for the expences of the, 275, 279.

Falcons and hawks appear to have been the most frequent, as well as most valued presents, from one prince to another. These accounts present two instances of the kind, the one of the payment of 23_l._ 6_s._ 8_d._ to the bearer of a cast of falcons from the Duke of Ferrara, and the other of a gift of several to Henry, from Francis the First, at Calais. Upon that occasion falconers seem also to have been transferred to Henry's service; for we find a payment of 2_l._ 2_s._ 8_d._ for their exences, (p. 275) whilst some idea may be formed of the number of birds given to Henry from the item of 2_l._ 18_s._ 10_d._ for the expences of them for one month only. "The best falconers were Flemings, and even those who have attended hawks in England, until a late period, were procured from a particular district of Flanders."--M.

Farm at Greenwich purchased for Lady Ann Rochford, 113.

This entry is more fully noticed at the commencement of the volume, when speaking of ANNE BOLEYN, to whom it related.

Farnham, to the keeper of the place of, 151.

---- Park, to the keepers of,

Fees of the yeomen of the bows and of the Leshe, 75, 163.

Felon, paid for bringing up a, 46.

The only thing remarkable in this entry is, that such payments should be made out of the king's privy purse, or if that was the source of such disbursements that there should be so very few entries of the kind in as many years.--See PRISONER and TRAITOR.

Feneux Lord, to the keeper of his house, 273.

It is almost certain from this item that Henry lodged at Lord Feneux's house when at Canterbury. From the title of "Lord" being applied to him, it would appear that it was the house of Sir John Feneux, who was lord chief justice of England from 1496 to 1526.

Fenwolf Morgan, jeweller, 7, 8.

"Probably a Welshman; his name would be written Phenwolf, i. e. Wolf's-head."--M.

Ferman George, of Waltham, 74.

Ferrara Duke of, 198.

Ferrers Lord, 62, 64, 86, 144, 145, 232, 240.

Walter Devereux, seventh Lord Ferrers of Chartley, K.G. He succeeded his father in that dignity about 1497; in February 1550 he was raised to the dignity of Viscount Hereford, and died in 1558. All the entries respecting this nobleman refer to presents of dogs, &c. sent to the king, excepting one, when his servant had seized and brought up a traitor.

Ferror a, [query, a farrier,] 142.

Ferry-man's wife at Greenwich, to the, 13, 114, 263.

Ferrymen, 35, 54, 76, 83, 146, 147, 252, 255.

Ferrying paid for, 60.

---- the king's horses for, 203.

Fewater of the closet, to, 138.

Figs brought, 109.

---- of Portugal brought, 169.

Filberts brought, 66, 242, _bis_, 243, 250.

Fire pans, "going upon wheels" for two, 138.

Vessels for conveying fire from one apartment to another. "Pannes to make fyre in: Item, twoo rounde pannes of iron made six-square grate wise being uppon wheales to make fyre in."--_Account of the Furniture in Henry VIII.'s Palaces_, _Harl. MSS._ 1419. A. f. 30.

Fish, paid for watching a pond with, 72.

----, to men who helped to, 98, 172.

---- brought, 150.

----, expences of the watermen for attending at hunting the, at Greenwich, 219.

Fished, to men that fished before the king, 29.

Fishing for, 68.

It has been already remarked under "Angling," that Henry seems to have been fond of fishing, but those notices perhaps refer to drawing nets.

Fitzwater John, 194.

Fletcher the, 24, 40, 50, 53, 55, 125, 146, 180, 265, 280.

---- the French, 67, 188, 203, 234, 239.

---- to a, 104.

Flode ----, 132.

Florence ----, 212.

Floure ----, 248.

Flowers brought, 178.

Floyd ----, 167.

Fool, the king's, 11, 86.

----, paid for making gere for the king's, 205.

----, paid the expences for food of the king's, 247.

---- the, paid for his lodging and expences at Calais, 271.

----'s expences, paid the, at Canterbury, 274.

The subject of "Fools" has been so ably discussed by Mr. Douce in his _Illustrations of Shakespeare_, that it is unnecessary to say more on it here than what the entries in these accounts suggest. The only names of Henry's fools which have reached us are, William Somers, Sexton, and Williams. Sexton is however the only one of them who is mentioned in these pages, unless the others were described under the names of "Great and Little Guilliam of the Privy Chamber," of whom there are numerous entries, though the honourable addition of "the King's Fool," never once occurs to their names. Those to whom that appellation is given are "Patch and Sexton," and the manner in which they are spoken of is strongly corroborative of Mr. Douce's opinion, that "Patch" was another designation for "a Fool." In one page (86,) we find "Patch the King's Fool" and Sexton both noticed. But this by no means contradicts the idea that they were names for the same individual. Sexton, Mr. Douce says, was presented to Henry by Cardinal Wolsey, and the anecdote related by Cavendish of his having given another Fool, who, it has been observed, was called Williams, to the king after his disgrace, and the poor wretch's attachment to his master is well known. It is manifest from these accounts that the Fool had a man to wait upon him; for we find John Emyson frequently noticed as "the man that waits or attends upon Sexton," "the keeper of the King's Fool," "Sexton's man," and in others, "Sexton's servant." All payments for the fool's food, travelling expences, &c., for it seems he accompanied Henry wherever he went, were made to his servant or keeper, whose wages were ij_d._ a day, (p. 45,) or about 3_l._ per annum (p. 193,) and he was allowed, like the falconers and huntsmen, 22_s._ 6_d._ for his livery. Emyson appears however either to have died or to have been dismissed from his occupation before August 1532, for in that month, as well as in the October following, Green is described to have been Sexton's servant, but Skynner evidently attended him on his journey to Calais with Henry, in November in that year, and who is also mentioned as waiting upon him as early as September 1530, though Emyson was his keeper in December, 1529. It is remarkable that every entry relating to the Fool should be for his clothes, food, or other personal expences, and that he should never once have received a gratuity or "reward," of which there are so many examples to others. It has been conjectured that the witty sallies of these degraded creatures were frequently rewarded by handsome presents, but no proof of the fact in relation to Sexton occurs. Besides Emyson we find "Thomas the Jester" sometimes mentioned, who seems to have been more fortunate than "the Fool," for he received 20_s._ on one occasion, and 22_s._ 6_d._ on another, "in reward;" whilst Henry gave the French king's jester at Calais the large sum of 9_l._ 6_s._ 8_d._ on the day the King of Navarre, the Cardinal of Lorrain, &c. dined with him. According to the ordinances of the Royal Household made at Eltham, in the 17th Henry VIII. the king's Fool was allowed one hackney.

Footmen paid to the, 25, 254.

Footman, to one that "sued to be" a, 155.

Ford William, keeper of the king's mastives, 7, 186.

Forde ----, 269, 282.

Forfeited horses paid for, 268.

This singular entry must be left to the reader's superior sagacity. It clearly refers in some way to the "riding boys," or as they are there called, "children of the stable," but its meaning has escaped the editor's research.

Forked heads for the king's cross-bow, 67.

"See a former remark. They were for the arrows shot from the cross-bow".--M.

Forms, tables, &c. for, 220.

Foster Master, 214.

Fowl, paid for keeping the, in the garden at Greenwich, 206.

Fowler, 115.

---- James, keeper of the manor of Greenwich, 78, 127.

---- John, 209.

Fox, Master Edward, 73.

The king's almoner, and Provost of Cambridge in 1532. He was elected bishop of Landaff in 1535, and died in May 1538.

Fox a, brought, 80.

France King of, notices about his children, 59, _bis_.

Francis the first, king of France, his wife and children, were taken prisoners by the emperor at the siege of Pavia in 1525. The queen and the children remained in his hands until 1529, when it was agreed by the treaty of Cambray that they should be delivered to Francis on the payment of two millions of crowns. The money was soon raised, and Hall gives us a circumstantial account of the execution of the treaty, from which it appears that the Spanish commissioners met the Great Master of France at Bayonne, in March 1530, but the former objected to part of the coin on account of the weight, and therefore removed the children from Fountroby into Spain. The affair being thus delayed from March until June, Henry sent Sir Francis Bryan to pledge himself as security for the payment, and on the 1st of July queen Eleanor and the children were placed in the Great Master's hands. In July, Hall adds, "fyers were made in London and divers other places for the same consideracion and cause;" and it is worthy of remark, as a curious example of the change in the national policy, that precisely the same rejoicings took place when they fell into the emperor's power after the battle of Pavia a few years before. _Hall_, pp. 693, 772. From these accounts we learn that news of the event reached London on the 8th of July, 1530, by a Frenchman dispatched from the Great Master, and that on the 9th another messenger, probably from Sir Francis Bryan, arrived with similar information. Each of them received the same sum for their journey, namely, 23_l._ 6_s._ 8_d._

---- King of, sent a brace of greyhounds as a present, 223.

---- ----, sent hawks to the king, 270.

---- Queen of, 248.

----, to the King of France's singers and jester, 268, 269.

Francis the Jeweller, 155.

Francis, George, the king's scholar at St. Pauls, for his expences, 171, 186, 205, 231.

Francis, Nicholas, 259, 280.

Also a scholar at St. Paul's school.

Frantic man, to the, 243.

Fraternity of Jesus, to the, 46.

Freedom of London, money given to a woman to obtain her husband's and her own, 219.

Freeman John, a jeweller or silversmith, 105, 188.

French Ambassador, 106.

---- Priest, to the, the pheasant breeder, 280.

---- Falconer, a gelding bought for the, 282.

Frenchman, paid to a, 169.

Friars, to, 41, 46, 71, 150, 175.

Friar Andrew, an Italian, 93, 144.

Frieze, coats of, 87.

"The materials of which the clothes of persons of rank were composed about this time consisted of velvet, satin, sarcenet, gold lace, and fur."--See Whitaker's _Craven_, 325. From the well known lines written on the marriage of Charles Brandon with the Queen Dowager of France,

To Mary:

Cloth of gold do not despise, To match thyself to cloth of _frise_.

To Charles:

Cloth of _frise_ be not too bold, Though, thou art match to cloth of gold.

"we might presume that frieze rarely formed the dress of persons of rank, but Jamieson in voce (Supplement) quotes from an Inventory of 1539, 'Ane goone of _freis_ claith of gold.' In the following century frieze was more generally adopted. Fuller speaks of it as a coarse kind of cloth, manufactured in Wales, 'then which none warmer to be worn in winter, and the finest sort thereof very fashionable and gentile. Prince Henry had a frieze sute out of it,' &c. He adds, 'It will daily grow more into use, especially since the gentry of the land, being generally much impoverished, abate much of their gallantry.' _Worthies_, 553."--M.

Fruit brought, 15, 66, 97.

Furs, for furring Lady Ann Boleyn's gowns, 101.

---- for, 261, 269.

See _Minsheu_ in voce "Furre," notes to Way's _Fabliaux_, and _Testamenta Vetusta_, for notices of furred garments. Numerous legislative enactments were made from the reign of Edward III. confining the use of fur to people of rank. See _Rolls of Parliament_, vol. ii. pp. 278, 279, 281, 282. Vol. iii. p. 63, vol. v. p. 505, vol. vi. 221.

Fustian, doublets of, 23, 51, 54, 87.

Fynchhampstede, 65.

Fyney, bailiwick of, 65.

Fytton, ----, 256.

Galiake, white wine of, 24.

Gaillac, a town in the department of Tarn in Languedoc, celebrated for its wines. Three tons then cost 16_l._ 4_s._ See WINES.

Galien, the Glasier, 111.

Gallipots, 58.

Gambling, see Play, ----, 14, 15, 17, 18, 20, 22, 32, _bis_, 33, 36, 37, 50, 76, _bis_, 94, 98, 101, 113, 115, 118, 120, 131, 134, 143, 144, 159, 162, 163, 186, 188, 189, 190, 195, 204, 205, 209, 210, 211, 212, 216, 220, 226, 227, 229, 237, 243, _bis_, 246, 248, 250, 265, 267, 268, _bis_, 270, 271, 272, _bis_, 273, 274, 275, _bis_, 276, _bis_, 277, 278, _bis_, 283.

Every entry relating to money lost at any kind of game is referred to under this head, in order that there might be one complete reference on the subject. As they are fully noticed at the commencement of the volume, any remarks here would be superfluous.

Gammage, Sir William, 100, 184.

Garard or Garet, Henry, shoe-maker, 30, 75, 103.

---- ----, the falconer, 28, 95, 187, 203.

Garden at Greenwich, for keeping the, in order, 50.

----, paid for trimming the, 177.

Garett's wife, paid to, 206.

Garney Master, 214.

Garnish, buttons to garnish caps, 25, 33.

"These buttons were placed on the under side of the rim of the cap. See the portraits of the period."--M.

Garnishing and a desk, paid for, 123, _bis_.

---- books, paid for, 214, 123, _bis_.

The word is thus used by Skelton. Speaking of a book he says, "To beholde, howe it was _garnished_ and bound encovered over with gold of tissue fine. The claspes and bullions were worth a M pound," p. 46. See BOOK.

---- of two bonnets, &c. paid for, 268.

The four last references are inserted to show the different ways in which the word "Garnish" was used.

Gathered for a church, to women that, 36, 257.

Collections for some pious purpose.

Geese, green, brought, 41, 99.

---- brought, 181, 187.

Gelded deer, a, 13.

Geldings, for, 12, 119, 282.

----, the boys of the running, 259, 263, 276.

----, for the diet of the, 107, 114.

Gelding, paid for a, for the king's closet, 9.

---- brought, 26, 44, 104, 149, 224, _bis_.

----, stalking, meat for a white, 132.

Gentleman of Italy, to a, 150.

George, St. to a poor woman that begged in the name of, 150.

Gere, paid for, for the children of the stable, 182.

Gere for Sexton the fool, for, 205, 215.

----, for making, 270.

As in three out of the four instances in which this word is used it evidently referred to fantastic dresses or the appendages to them, it may be inferred that the children of the stable were ludicrously habited, and which is the more probable if the conjecture which has been hazarded be correct, that they were employed in riding racing horses. _Gere_ was, however, sometimes used for the ornamental parts of dress, for Louis XII. king of France, is described in a letter from the Earl of Worcester in 1514, as "devysing new collers and goodly _gere_ for" the queen his bride.--Ellis's _Original Letters_, second Series, vol. i. p. 236. Mr. Markland observes "this word, _per se_, meant clothing simply. From the days of Spenser to those of Swift, when magnificence or ornament is implied, the word is accompanied with some epithet; thus 'gorgeous gear' in the former, and 'glittering birth-day gear' in the latter. See _Masking_." Shakspeare, however, uses the word in the sense which it is supposed to be employed in the text:

"Let us complain to them what fools were here Disguis'd like Muscovites, in shapeless _gear_."

_Love's Labour Lost_, A. 5. Sc. 2.

Chaucer uses _Gere_ for articles of any kind, but in one instance he applies it to articles of dress:

"And for that nothing of her olde _gere_ She shulde bring into his hous, he bad That woman should despoilen her right there Of which these ladies weren nothing glad To handle hire clothes wherin she was clad."

_The Clerkes Tale_, _l._ 8248.

Gibson Richard, 77, 250, 270.

Gifford, Master George, 120.

Gilding, paid for, 97, 123.

Giles, the Groom of the Crossbows, 25, 70.

Girdles, leather, paid for, for knives, 161, 168.

---- to a, for a wood-knife, 173, _bis_.

Girdles, for a, 81, 208.

----, for a chain made for a, 268.

These girdles were undoubtedly a splendid part of dress, and were in some cases proportionably expensive. Several notices of Girdles occur on the _Rolls of Parliament_, and in the _Testamenta Vetusta_. Among the expenses of Peter Martyr in 1547 was, "for riband for a gyrdel 1_s._ 2_d._" _Archæologia_, vol. xxi. p. 472.

Glamorganshire, 69.

Glasier, paid to the, 111.

Glass, paid for a, 10, 15, 51.

Glasses brought to the king, 18, 142.

It is difficult to say whether these entries referred to looking or drinking glasses. See LOOKING-GLASSES.

---- of Rose water brought, 63.

----, a steel, 81.

A mirror of polished steel.

---- with orange water, brought, 166.

---- with waters brought, 5.

Glastonbury, Abbot of, 146, 224, 225.

Gloucester, Abbot of, 28, 43, 106, 112, 188.

Glove, Hawk's, 83.

----, shooting, for a, 46.

Gloves, paid for, 138, 146, 208.

---- Spanish, for, 267.

By the Parliament which met in the 3 and 4 Edw. IV. 1463-4, Gloves were forbidden to be imported, _Rot. Parl._ vol. v. p. 507, and which is the only notice of them in those records. In the bill of the expenses of Ochin and Martyr in 1547, Gloves are frequently mentioned; for "a Hatt and _Glovys_ for Bernardinus at Basell, 9_s._ 3_d._" "for a pair of furryd _Glovys_ for P. Marter, 13_s._" and at London, "for two payer of Glovys for them, 15_s._"--_Archæologia_, v. xxi. p. 472.

Glover Thomas, 47.

Godsalve, clerk of the signet, 59, 106.

Gold, the hosier, 3, 23, 54, 133.

---- edges of, paid for, 76.

Goldsmith's work paid for, 155.

Goldsmith, the king's paid, 192, 236, 267.

----, to Cornelius the, 262.

Gonson William, 148, 232.

Good Friday, alms on, 40.

Good ----, of Windsor, 52.

Goodryke, Doctor, 8.

Goshawk, paid for a, 9.

----, for a, upon the cage, 16.

---- a, brought, 60, 62, 237.

---- to the keepers of the king's, 56, 80, 118, 162, 183.

Gough John, 144.

Gown, for a, 115.

----, to a priest to buy himself a, 280.

Grafton, works at, 160.

----, 159, 160, _bis_, 161, 238, 239, 240, 241, 248.

---- Park, to the keeper of, 160, 241.

Grane John de, a jeweller, 271.

Grapes brought, 168, 174, 254, 264, 267.

----, &c. brought to the Marchioness of Pembroke, 267.

Grass, paid for taking the king's horses to, 142.

Graunt Francis, 72.

Great Seal, vide SEAL, 148.

---- Master of the French King's children, to the, [Anne de Montmorency,] 59. See FRANCE. "Grece time," for attendance on the king during the last, 186.