Chapter 36

the Holy Spirit, refer to the Father, and to the Son.

The Eastern Churches were opposed to the addition of the words, "and from the Son." The Western Churches were, mainly, in favour of it. The controversy lasted from the 5th to the 11th century, and resulted in the schism which still separates the Eastern and Western Churches.

It is usually agreed that the difference is not one of doctrine. The Easterns prefer the phrase "receiving from the Son": the Westerns prefer to assert afresh the equality of the Father and the Son, by using the phrase, "proceeding from the Father and the Son." It may be {177} doubted whether the words should have been added without the assent of a General Council. But there is no denial of the equality of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost, in the Eastern, nor in the Western, Churches.

[1] On p. 124, we have accidentally written 'Chalcedon' for 'Ephesus': and _vice versâ_. The dates are correctly given on pp. 122, 123.

APPENDIX F.

ON THE GREEK ORIGIN OF LITANIES (p. 153).

_Litany_ comes from the Greek _litaneia_.

_lite_ means a prayer; whence (_litanos_) one who prays; _litaneuo_ to be a person who prays; _litaneia_ a continued prayer. Thus _Litany_ has the meaning of "prolonged prayers."

In _the (Greek) Liturgy of S. James_, there are three Bidding Prayers (besides the "Diptychs"), which have something of the Litany Form. The following suffrages are selected from the one to which we have referred:

"_The Deacon_. Let us beseech the Lord in peace.

_The Laity_. Lord, have mercy.

_The Deacon_. O God, by thy love grant us safety, mercy, compassion, and protection. _The Laity_. Lord, have mercy.

_The Deacon_. For the peace that is from above, for the love of God towards man, and for the safety of our souls, let us beseech the Lord. _The Laity_ (after each suffrage). Lord, have mercy.

_The Deacon_. For the peace of the whole world, and the unity of all the holy churches of God, let us &c.

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For those who bear fruit and do good in the holy churches of God, those who remember the poor, the widows, and fatherless, strangers and needy persons, and for those who have bidden us to remember them in our prayers, let us &c.

For those who are in old age and weakness, by disease or illness, for those who are oppressed by unclean spirits, for their speedy recovery and safety through God's help, let us &c.

For those who pass their lives in singleness, devotion, or meditation, for those in holy matrimony, those engaged in life's battle in mountains, and caves, and pits of the earth, our holy fathers and brothers, let us &c.

For Christian sailors, travellers, strangers, and those in captivity, in exile, those in prisons, and bitter slavery, being our brethren, for their return in peace, let us &c.

For the remission of our sins, and pardon of our faults, and for our deliverance from all tribulation, anger, danger, and necessity, and from the rising-up of enemies, let us &c.

For a mild season, gentle rains, and kindly dews, for plenteous crops, and a perfect year crowned (with His goodness), let us &c.

For those who are present and pray with us at this sacred hour and at any time, our fathers and brothers, for their earnestness, toil, and readiness of heart, let us beseech the Lord.

That our prayer may be heard, and may be acceptable before God; and that his mercies and compassions may be poured abundantly upon us, let us beseech the Lord."

* * * * * * * *

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DATES.

The principal dates which are of use in reading this book fall into four groups:

1. The Early Church. 2. The Discussion of the Creed. 3. The Growth of Services. 4. The Growth of the English Services.

There is of course a certain amount of overlapping: but this will be readily understood. The reader will also easily guess when the years mentioned are those of a life, or those of a reign.

Early Dates.

A.D. A.D.

14-37. Tiberius, emp.

54-68. Nero, emp.

98-117. Trajan, emp. 112. Pliny's letter.

55-(117). Tacitus, hist.

-(120). Suetonius, hist.

138-161. Antoninus Pius, emp. 140. Justin's 1st Apology.

70-156. Polycarp, Bp.

161-180. Marcus Aurelius, emp. 86-117. Pothinus, Bp.

(125)-202. Irenaeus, Bp.

-(222). Tertullian.

-253. Origen.

-253. Cyprian, Bp.

306-337. Constantine, emp.

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The discussion of the Articles of the Creed.

Doubts. Writers. Councils. Creed.

First & second centuries.

Ebionites. Irenaeus, abt 180.

Tertullian, abt 200.

Docetae.

Gnostics.

Third century. Cyprian, Bp, ? Apostles' ? 253. Creed.

Sabellians.

Arians.

Fourth century. Athanasius, Bp, Nicaea, 325. ) Nicene (300)-371. ) Creed ) Basil, Bp, ) 329-379 ) ) Apollinarians. Ambrose, Bp, Constantinople, ) 340-397. 381. )

Chrysostom, Bp, (347)-407.

Fifth century. Jerome, 346-420.

Nestorians. Augustine, Bp, Ephesus, 431. 354-430.

Eutychians, or ) Chalcedon, 461. Monophysites. )

Seventh century.

Monothelites. Constantinople, 'Athanasian' 680. Creed.

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DATES CONNECTED WITH THE

Growth of the Christian Service Books.

A.D.

112. Pliny's Letter. 140. Justin Martyr's 1st Apology. 340-397. Ambrose, Bp of Milan. 347-407. Chrysostom, Bp of Constantinople. Before 400. Clementine Liturgy. 463-474. Mamertus, Bp of Vienne. _Litanies_. 590-604. Gregory, Bp of Rome. _Litany: Sacramentary_. Sacramentaries of 7th century, &c., representing work of 440-461. Leo, Bp of Rome. 492-496. Gelasius, Bp of Rome. 590-604. Gregory, Bp of Rome.

742-814. Charlemagne. Abolition of Gallican Liturgy. 747. Great Council of Cloveshoo.

DATES CONNECTED WITH THE

Growth of the Service Books in England.

200. Christianity already established in Britain. (_Tertullian_.) 314. Council at Arles in France. Three British Bishops signed. 596-605. Augustine, Archbishop of Canterbury. 664. Council of Whitby. 747. The great Council of Cloveshoo.

Restraints upon the influence of the Pope in England.

1215. Magna Charta. 1279. Statute of Mortmain. 1351. Statute of Provisors. 1352. Statute of Praemunire.

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Translations of the Bible Revisions of the Prayer Book in England. in England.

8th century. Psalms (_Saxon_). The Gospels (_Egbert_). S. John (_Bede_).

880. The Psalms (_King Alfred_).

1085. The Sarum Use.

1380-4. Wyclifs Bible.

1526-31. Tyndale.

1535. Coverdale.

1539. Cranmer (The Great Bible).

1545. The King's Primer.

1548. The Order of the Communion.

1549. First Revision in English.

1552. Second Revision in English.

1553. (Latin) Uses restored.

1558-9. Third Revision in English.

1568. The Bishops' Bible.

1604. Fourth Revision.

1611. The Authorised Version.

1645-60. Prayer Book forbidden by the Long Parliament.

1661-2. Fifth Revision.

1871. New Lectionary.

1872. Shortened Services allowed.

1881, 1885. The Revised Version.

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INDEX.

Absolution, 29, 31, 35 Alcuin, 140 Alexandrine MS., 65, 69 Ambrose, Bp of Milan, 42, 43, 57 n., 63, 65, 78 Amen, 18, 20, 23, 37, 127-8, 159 Anthem, 20, 22, 28, 128, 142, 146-152 Antiphon, 9, 10, 19, 60, 132, 133, 134, 146 Antiphonal, 3, 40, 128, 157, 158 Antiphonary, 128, 134, 135, 148 Apocrypha, 51, 56 Apollinarian, 124 Arian and Arius, 110, 120, 122 Athanasian, see Creed Athanasius, 124 Augustine, Archbp of Canterbury, 155, 171 Augustine, Bp of Hippo, 65, 78, 94, 124, 155 Authorised, see Bible

Basil, Bp of Caesarea, 29 n., 70, 144 Benedicite, 11, 63, 77, 78-81, 88 Benedictus, 62, 63, 83-6 Bible, 47-57, 182 -- Authorised V., 40, 41 -- Bishops', 11, 41 -- Great, 41 -- Revised V., 182 -- Wyclif, 13 Breviary, 59, 132, 134 Bright, 135, 139, 140

Calendar, 57 Cambridge Companion, 47 Canon, 57 Cantate, 63, 77, 81 Canticles, 4, 9, 37, 39, 41, 57, 59, 61, 88 Capitulum, 61, 62 Cartwright, 20, 22 Catholic Church, 105, 107, 112, 120, 121-2 Catholic Religion, 101, 125 Chalcedon Council, 97, 122, 124 Chant, 39 Charlemagne, 124, 140 Chaucer, 148 Choral Singing, 3 Christian Verity, 101, 125 Chrysostom, Bp of Constantinople, 54 n., 143, 144, 153, 158 Clementine Liturgy, 144 Cloveshoo, 155 Collecta, Collectio, 139, 140 Collects, 9, 10, 28, 127-142 Combination of Services, 9-10 Communion, Holy, 5, 10, 58, 59, 131 Communion of Saints, 112 Compline, 7, 43, 60, 63 Confession, 10, 24, 28, 30-32, 35 Consubstantial, 126 Continuous Singing, 3 Controversy, 118-123 Corinth, 18 Cosin, Bp of Durham, 61, 117 n. Creeds, 89-94 Creed, Apostles', 28, 39, 91-8, 104-114, 116, 118 Creed, Athanasian, 92, 99, 101, 115-126 Creed, Nicene, 92, 94, 110, 114, 116, 118, 126 Cyprian, Bp of Carthage, 66, 72

Daily Service, 25, 26 Day Hours, 6, 8, 9, 10, 60, 61, 63-4, 132, 173 Deus Misereatur, 63, 83, 88 Direct Singing, 3 Docetae, 110, 121 Doxology, 24, 27, 37, 53, 70, 131 Doxology in Te Deum, 74 Duplication, 33, 34, 35, 160, 161, 162-4

Ebionite, 119 Edward VI., 26, 27, 41, 134 Ember Prayers, 144 -- Week, 159 Ephesus Council, 18 Eusebius, 95 Eutyches, Eutychian, 122, 123 Evangelistarium, see Lectionaries Evensong, 10, 42, 141, 142, and see Mattins Excursus, 113 Exhortation, 29, 30, 34 Extempore worship, 1, 2, 17

Faldstool, 156-7 Festivals, 44 Forms of worship, 2, 3, 4, 17

Gallican Church, 61 Gelasian Sacramentary, 137, 141, 143, 144 Gelasius, 136 Gloria Patri, 4, 10, 11, 28, 37, 39, 40, 74, 114, 116-7, 129, 149, 158, 172 Gnostic, 121 Gradual, 135 Great Bible, see Bible Gregory the Great, 135, 155

Hampton Court Conference, 40 Haphtarah, 53 Harvey Goodwin, 92, 116 Hebrew, 18 Henry VIII., 41 Hilary of Arles, 78, 124 -- Poictiers, 78 Homilies, 155 Honorius, 122 Hook, 57 Hooker, 20, 22 Hours of Prayer, 5-6 Hymns, 9, 39, 44, 60-2, 66, 69, 76, 77 Hymn, Greek, 71

Intention, 15, 17, 24, 44 Intercessions, 161, 165-9 Interjectional, 20, 21, 23, 127, 128 Introductory, 29, 32 Invitatory, 40 Invocations, 161 Irenaeus, 95, 96, 97, 98, 154

Jerome, S., 42, 51, 54 Jew, 119, 121 Jewish Influence, 18 -- Lectionary, 53 Jubilate, 63, 83, 87, 88 Justification, 117 Justin Martyr, 3, 54, 58, 59

Kay, 88 Keble, 71 Keynote, 16, 24

Latin Services, 25 Lauds, 6, 7, 9, 43, 44, 60, 61, 62, 63, 87, 132 Lectern, 57 Lectionaries, 51-7, 135 Legenda, 134 Leo the Great, 136 Lessons, 9, 10, 18, 24, 28, 39, 41, 47-57, 76, 77, 82, 83, Appendix C, 173 Litany, 20, 23, 35, 153-173 -- Lesser, 9, 11, 131, 157 Liturgy, 10, 40, 41 -- of S. James, 153 Lord's Prayer, 9, 11, 12-17, 28, 37, 38, 131

Macedonius, Bp of Constantinople, 120 Magnificat, 63, 77, 78, 146-150 Mamertus, Bp of Vienne, 154 Manichaean, 121 Manual, 134 Manuscripts, 32 Map of Lessons, 64 Mattin-Lauds, 6, 7, 60, 62, 63 Mattins, 6, 7, 10, 42, 43, 141 Missal, 135 Monothelites, Monophysites, 122, 124 Morning Service, 8, 24, 25

Names and Titles, 10 Nero, 106, 107 Nestorian, 122, 123, 124 New Testament, 49 Nicene, see Creed Nocturn, 42 None, 7, 43 Nunc Dimittis, 63, 83, 86, 87

Obsecrations, 161, 164 Occasional Prayers and Thanksgivings, 131, 144, 145, 158-9 Office Hymns, 61 Old Testament, 48, 62 Ordinary, 7, 44 Original Sin, 102 Ornaments, 26, 57 O Sapientia, 146

Parascha, 53 Pater Noster, 11 Paul, S., 18 Petitions, 14 Pie, 33 Pliny, 107, Appendix D, 174-5 Polycarp, 154 Portiforium, 134 Pothinus, 154 Praise Terminations, 8-14, 30, 37, 47, 58, 63, 78 Prayers, 24, 112-144 Preceded Form, 21, 23 Preces, 21, 28, 128, 129, 130, 132-134 Predestination, 102 Preface, 33, 40-1, 43, 44, 119, 140, 165 Prime, 7, 43, 117 n. Proper Lessons, 55 Prophets, 29, 49 Psalms, 18, 24, 28, 37-46, 100, 117 n., 132 Psalms, method of singing, 3, 4 Psalter, 41, 134

Quicunque vult, 11, 126

Reading, 30 Responds, 10, 39 Responsorial, 3, 20 Resurrection, 113, 114 Revelation, 90, 100, 104 Revision and Revisers, 26, 32, 33, 41, 129, 132, 134, 158, 159 Rogation Days, 154-6 -- Litanies, 155, 172 Rubrics, 4, 25, 32, 57, 129, 130, 131

Sabellian, 119 Sacramental, 112 Sacramentary, 135-7 Sanctification, 103 Sarum Breviary, 33, 132, 133 -- Litany, 158 Sarum Missal, 170 -- Use, 33, 43, 88, 171, 172 Scripture, Holy, 10 Seats, 57 Self-examination, 93, 94 Semi-Arian, 120 Sentences, 29 Septuagint, 43, 132 Services, 42 Setting, 15, 16, 17 n., 24, 147, 150 Sext, 7, 43

Socrates, 102, 103, 104, 105 Special Psalms, 44 Stanzas of Te Deum, 66-9 Substance, 126 Suetonius, 106 Suffrage, 159, etc. Surplice, 26 Symbolum, 93 Synagogue Services, 18, 51, 54

Table of Worship Forms, 20 Tacitus, 106-7 Te Deum, 4, 63, 65-75, 76, 78, 83 Temple, 18 Terce, 7, 43 Tertullian, 95 Testament, O. and N., 62 Thanksgivings, 10, 14, 15, 28, 30, 144, 145 Theodosius, 42 Tiberius, 107 Translation, 41 Translators, 10, 173 Travers, Walter, 20

Uses, see Sarum

Variations, 1-4 Variety, 3 Venite, 11, 40, 146, 147, 149 Verity, Christian, 101, 125 Verse and Respond, 127, 132-4, 146, 148, 172 Versicles, 9, 10, 39 Vespers, 6, 7, 42, 43, 60, 63, 132 Vulgate, 43, 132

Witness of Bible, 104, 105, 107-114 Worship, 13, 18 -- Forms, 20, 11, 24, 127 Wreathing, 160-1

Zacharias, 84 Zechariah, 84

End of Project Gutenberg's The Prayer Book Explained, by Percival Jackson