Part Four.

v. 478. _potshordes_] i. e. potsherds.

Page 42. v. 483. _God to recorde_] i. e. God to witness.

v. 485. _reason or skyll_] See note, p. 238. v. 106.

v. 486.

_the primordyall_ _Of his wretched originall_]

—_primordyall_, i. e. first beginning.

v. 490. _sank_] i. e. blood.

v. 491. _bochers_] i. e. butcher’s: see note, p. 349. v. 478.

v. 495. _rowme_] i. e. room, place, office.

v. 505. _parde_] i. e. _par dieu_, verily.

v. 508. _saw_] i. e. saying,—branch of learning. So in our author’s _Colyn Cloute_;

“Some lernde in other _sawe_.”

v. 734. vol. i. 339.

v. 511. _quatriuials_] }

v. 512. _triuials_] }

See note, p. 343. v. 171. This depreciation of Wolsey’s acquirements is very unjust: his learning, there is reason to believe, was far from contemptible.

Page 43. v. 517. _worth a fly_] See note, p. 219. v. 104.

v. 518. _Haly_] }

v. 519. _Ptholomy_] }

v. 520. _Albumasar_] }

See notes, p. 133. vv. 501. 503. 505.

v. 522. _mobyll_] i. e. moveable.

v. 526. _humanyte_] i. e. _humaniores literæ_, polite literature.

v. 533. _our processe for to stable_]—_processe_, i. e. story, account; see notes, p. 143. v. 735. p. 146. v. 969, &c. and compare our author’s Fourth Poem _Against Garnesche_, “But now my _proces for to saue_,” v. 157. vol. i. 131.

v. 538. _conceyght_] i. e. conceit,—good opinion, favour.

v. 540. _exemplyfyenge_] i. e. following the example of.

Page 44. v. 550. _A wretched poore man, &c._] i. e. Abdalonimus (or Abdolonimus) whom Alexander made king of Sidon: see Justin, xi. 10. Cowley touches on the story at the commencement of _Plant. Lib. iv._; and in his English version of that commencement, under the title of _The Country Life_, he has greatly improved the passage.

v. 557. _occupyed a showell_] i. e. used a shovel: see note, p. 86. v. 52.

v. 566. _renowme_] i. e. renown.

v. 569. _with lewde condicyons cotyd_] i. e. quoted, noted, marked, with evil qualities: see note, p. 183. v. 12.

v. 570. _ben_] i. e. be.

v. 573. _Couetys_] i. e. Covetise, covetousness.

v. 575. _wode_] i. e. mad.

v. 576. _mode_] i. e. mood, passion.

v. 577. _swerde_] i. e. sword.

v. 579. _sone_] i. e. soon.

Page 45. v. 583. _trone_] i. e. throne.

v. 584. _a great astate_] i. e. a person of great estate, or rank.

v. 585. _play checke mate_] In allusion to the king’s being put in _check_ at the game of chess.

v. 586. _ryall_] i. e. royal.

v. 591. _fynd_] i. e. fiend.

v. 594. _Lyke Mahounde in a play_] In none of the early miracle-plays which have come down to us is Mahound (Mahomet) a character, though he is mentioned and sworn by.

v. 601. _rebads_] i. e. ribalds.

v. 602. _beggers reiagged_] i. e. beggars all-tattered.

v. 603. _recrayed_] i. e. recreant.

v. 604. _hauell_] See note on v. 94. p. 353.

v. 605. _Rynne_] i. e. Run.

—— _iauell_] See note, p. 271. v. 2218.

v. 606. _peuysshe pye_] i. e. silly magpie.

v. 607. _losell_] i. e. good-for-nothing fellow, scoundrel.

v. 613. _Iacke breche_] i. e. Jack-ass (-arse).

Page 46. v. 618. _shrewdly_] i. e. badly.

v. 621. _kayser_] See note, p. 247. v. 796.

v. 622.

_My lorde is nat at layser;_ _Syr, ye must tary a stounde, &c._]

—_layser_, i. e. leisure: _a stounde_, i. e. a time, a while. Compare _A Character of the insolent behaviour of Cardinal Wolsey as given by Thomas Allen Priest and Chaplain to the Earl of Shrewsbury in a Letter to his Lordshyp about Apr._ 1517, among Kennett’s Collections,—_MS. Lansd._ 978. fol. 213. “Pleseth your Lordshyp to understande upon Monday was sennight last past I delivered your Letter with the examinacyon to my Lord Cardynall at Guilford, whence he commanded me to wait on him to the Court. I followed him and there gave attendance and could have no Answer. Upon ffriday last he came from thence to Hampton Court, where he lyeth. The morrow after I besought his Grace I might know his plesure; I could have no Answer. Upon Mondaye last as he walked in the parke at Hampton Court, I besought his Grace I might knowe if he wolde command me anye servyce. He was not content with me that I spoke to hym. So that who shall be a Suitour to him may have no other busynesse but give attendance upon his plesure. He that shall so doe, it is needfull shuld be a wyser man then I am. I sawe no remedy, but came without Answere, except I wolde have done as my Lord Dacre’s Servaunt doth, who came with Letters for the Kynges servyce five moneths since and yet hath no Answere. And another Servaunt of the Deputy of Calais likewyse who came before the other to Walsyngham, I heard, when he aunswered them, ‘If ye be not contente to tary my leysure, departe when ye wille.’ This is truthe, I had rather your Lordshyp commaunded me to Rome then deliver him Letters, and bring Aunswers to the same. When he walketh in the Parke he will suffer no Servaunt to come nyghe him, but commands them awaye as farre as one might shoote an arrowe.”

Page 46. v. 631. _flyt_] i. e. remove.

v. 635. _neuer the nere_]—_nere_, i. e. nearer.

“That they were early vp, and _neuer the neere_.”

Heywood’s _Dialogue_, &c. sig. A 3,—_Workes_, ed. 1598.

v. 636. _daungerous dowsypere_] “He hath a _daungerous_ loke. Atollit supercilium, adducit, contrahit supercilia.”—“I can not away with suche _daungorous_ felowes. Ferre non possum horum supercilium, vel superciliosos, arrogantes, fastuosos, vel arrogantiam, aut fastum talium.” Hormanni _Vulgaria_, sigs. L i, P iiii. ed. 1530:—_dowsypere_, i. e. lord, noble (properly, one of the _Douze-Pairs_ of France);

“Erll, duke, and _douch-spere_.”

_Golagros and Gawane_, p. 182,—_Syr Gawayne_, &c. ed. Madden.

See too Spenser’s _F. Queene_, iii. x. 31.

v. 642. _With a poore knyght_] “He [Wolsey] fell in acquaintance with one Sir John Nanphant, a very grave and ancient knight, who had a great room in Calais under King Henry the Seventh. This knight he served, and behaved him so discreetly and justly, that he obtained the especial favour of his said master; insomuch that for his wit, gravity, and just behaviour, he committed all the charge of his office unto his chaplain. And, as I understand, the office was the treasurership of Calais, who was, in consideration of his great age, discharged of his chargeable room, and returned again into England, intending to live more at quiet. And through his instant labour and especial favour his chaplain was promoted to the king’s service, and made his chaplain.” Cavendish’s _Life of Wolsey_, p. 70. ed. 1827. According to Nash, it was Sir _Richard_ Nanfan (father of Sir John) who was “captain of Calais, made a knight, and esquire of the body to Henry vii.” _Hist. of Worcestershire_, i. 85.

Page 46. v. 643. _hyght_] i. e. be called.

v. 646. _mell_] i. e. meddle.

v. 649. _doddypatis_] i. e. thick-heads.

Page 47. v. 651. _iack napis_] i. e. jackanapes, ape, monkey.

v. 652. _bedleme_] i. e. bedlamite.

v. 653. _reame_] i. e. realm.

v. 661. _loselry_] i. e. wickedness, evil practice.

v. 664. _hart rote_] i. e. heart-root.

v. 665. _kote_] i. e. coot (water-fowl).

v. 668. _he wyll tere it asonder_] So Roy, in his satire against Wolsey, _Rede me, and be nott wrothe_, &c.;

“His power he doth so extende, That _the Kyngis letters to rende_ He will not forbeare in his rage.”

_Harl. Miscell._, ix. 69. ed. Park.

v. 670. _hoddypoule_] i. e. dunder-head.

v. 674. _settys nat by it a myte_] i. e. values it not at a mite, cares not a mite for it.

v. 679. _demensy_] i. e. madness.

Page 48. v. 682. _mell_] i. e. meddle.

v. 683. _wele_] i. e. well.

v. 684. _How Frauncis Petrarke, &c._] “Vidi Aquensem Caroli sedem, & in templo marmoreo verendum barbaris gentibus illius principis sepulchrum, vbi fabellam audiui, non inamœnam cognitu, a quibusdam templi sacerdotibus, quam scriptam mihi ostenderunt, & postea apud modernos scriptores accuratius etiam tractatam legi, quam tibi quoque ut referam incidit animus: ita tamen, ut rei fides non apud me quæratur, sed (vt aiunt) penes auctores maneat. Carolum Regem quem Magni nomine [_ed. Bas._ cognomine] æquare Pompeio & Alexandro audent, mulierculam quandam perdite & efflictim amasse memorant, eius blanditiis eneruatum, neglecta fama (cui plurimum inseruire consueuerat) & posthabitis regni curis, aliarum rerum omnium & postremo suiipsius oblitum, diu nulla prorsus in re nisi illius amplexibus acquieuisse, summa cum indignatione suorum ac dolore. Tandem cum iam spei nihil superesset (quoniam aures regias salutaribus consiliis insanus amor obstruxerat), fœminam ipsam malorum causam insperata mors abstulit, cuius rei ingens primum in regia sed latens gaudium fuit: deinde dolore tantum priore grauiore, quantum fœdiori morbo correptum regis animum videbant, cuius nec morte lenitus furor, sed in ipsum obscœnum cadauer & exangue translatus est, quod balsamo & aromatibus conditum, onustum gemmis, & velatum purpura, diebus ac noctibus tam miserabili quam cupido fouebat amplexu. Dici nequit quam discors & quam male se compassura conditio est amantis ac regis: nunquam profecto contraria sine lite iunguntur. Quid est autem regnum, nisi iusta & gloriosa dominatio? Contra quid est amor, nisi fœda seruitus & iniusta? Itaque cum certatim ad amantem (seu rectius ad amentem) Regem, pro summis regni negotiis legationes gentium, præfectique & prouinciarum præsides conuenirent, is in lectulo suo miser, omnibus exclusis & obseratis foribus, amato corpusculo cohærebat, amicam suam crebro, velut spirantem responsuramque compellans, illi curas laboresque suos narrabat, illi blandum murmur & nocturna suspiria, illi semper amoris comites lachrymas instillabat, horrendum miseriæ solamen, sed quod vnum ex omnibus Rex alioquin (vt aiunt) sapientissimus elegisset. Addunt fabulæ quod ego nec fieri potuisse nec narrari debere arbitror. Erat ea tempestate in aula Coloniensis Antistes, vir, vt memorant, sanctitate & sapientia clarus, necnon comis, et consilii Regii prima vox, qui domini sui statum miseratus, vbi animaduertit humanis remediis nihil agi, ad Deum versus, ilium assidue precari, in illo spem reponere, ab eo finem mali poscere multo cum gemitu: quod cum diu fecisset, nec desiturus videretur, die quodam illustri miraculo recreatus est: siquidem ex more sacrificanti, & post deuotissimas preces pectus & aram lachrymis implenti, de cœlo vox insonuit, Sub extinctæ mulieris lingua furoris Regii causam latere. Quo lætior, mox peracto sacrificio, ad locum vbi corpus erat se proripuit, & iure notissimæ familiaritatis regiæ introgressus, os digito clam scrutatus, gemmam perexiguo annulo inclusam sub gelida rigentique lingua repertam festinabundus auexit. Nec multo post rediens Carolus, & ex consuetudine ad optatum mortuæ congressum properans, repente aridi cadaueris spectaculo concussus, obriguit, exhorruitque contactum, auferri eam quantocius ac sepeliri iubens. Inde totus in Antistitem conuersus, illum amare, illum colere, illum indies arctius amplecti. Denique nihil nisi ex sententia illius agere, ab illo nec diebus nec noctibus auelli. Quod vbi sensit vir iustus ac prudens, optabilem forte multis sed onerosam sibi sarcinam abiicere statuit, veritusque ne si vel ad manus alterius perueniret, vel flammis consumeretur, domino suo aliquid periculi afferret, annulum in vicinæ paludis præaltam voraginem demersit. Aquis forte tum rex cum proceribus suis habitabat, ex eoque tempore cunctis ciuitatibus sedes illa prælata est, in ea nil sibi palude gratius, ibi assidere & illis aquis mira cum voluptate, illius odore velut suauissimo delectari. Postremo illuc regiam suam transtulit, & in medio palustris limi, immenso sumptu, iactis molibus, palatium templumque construxit, vt nihil diuinæ vel humanæ rei eum inde abstraheret. Postremo ibi vitæ suæ reliquum egit, ibique sepultus est: cauto prius vt successores sui primam inde coronam & prima imperii auspicia capescerent, quod hodie quoque seruatur, seruabiturque quam din Romani frena imperii Theutonica manus aget.” Petrarchæ _Fam. Epist._, lib. i. Ep. iii. p. 10, _et seq._, ed. 1601.—On this story, which he found in a French author, Mr. Southey has composed a ballad: see his _Minor Poems_.

Page 48. v. 694. _carectes_] i. e. characters, magical inscriptions.

v. 703. _Acon_] i. e. Aix la Chapelle: “_Acon_ in Almayne whyche is a moche fayr cytee, where as kyng charles had made his paleys moche fayr & ryche and a ryght deuoute chapel in thonour of our lady, wherin hymself is buryed.” Caxton’s _History and Lyf of Charles the Grete_, &c. 1485. sig. b 7.

v. 709. _obsolute_] i. e. absolute, absolved.

v. 710. _practyue_] i. e. practise.

—— _abolete_] i. e. antiquated, abolished.

Page 49. v. 713.

_But I wyll make further relacion_ _Of this isagogicall colation_]

—_isagogicall colation_ seems to be equivalent here to—comparison introduced, or discourse introduced for the sake of comparison.

v. 715. _How maister Gaguine, &c._] Concerning Gaguin see the _Account of Skelton’s Life_, &c. The passage here alluded to, will be found in _Roberti Gaguini ordinis sanctæ trinitatis ministri generalis de origine et gestis francorum perquamutile compendium_, lib. x. fol. cxiiii. (where the marginal note is “Balluæ cardinalis iniquitas”), ed. 1497. Cardinal Balue (whom the reader will probably recollect as a character in Sir W. Scott’s _Quentin Durward_) was confined by order of Louis xi. in an iron cage at the Castle of Loches, in which durance he remained for eleven years. But there is no truth in Skelton’s assertion that he “was hedyd, drawen, and quarterd,” v. 737; for though he appears to have deserved that punishment, he terminated his days prosperously in Italy.

Page 49. v. 720. _a great astate_] i. e. a person of great estate, or rank.

v. 728. _so wele apayd_] i. e. so well satisfied, pleased.

v. 731. _him lyst_] i. e. pleased him.

v. 732. _cheked at the fyst_] Seems to be equivalent here to—attacked, turned against the hand which fed him. “_Check_ is when Crowes, Rooks, Pyes, or other birds comming in the view of the Hawk, she forsaketh her naturall flight to fly at them.” Latham’s _Faulconry_ (_Explan. of Words of Art_), 1658.

v. 733. _agayne_] i. e. against.

Page 50. v. 748. _dyscust_] See note, p. 321. v. 881.

v. 752. _rote_] i. e. root.

v. 753.

_Yet it is a wyly mouse_ _That can bylde his dwellinge house_ _Within the cattes eare_]

This proverbial saying occurs in a poem attributed to Lydgate;

“An hardy _mowse that is bold to breede_ _In cattis eeris_.”

_The Order of Foles_,—_MS. Harl._ 2251. fol. 304.

And so Heywood;

“I haue heard tell, it had need to bee _A wylie mouse that should breed in the cats eare_.”

_Dialogue_, &c. sig. G 4,—_Workes_, ed. 1598.

v. 766. _sad_] See note, p. 264. v. 1711.

v. 768. _heale_] i. e. health.

v. 774.

_that mastyfe ..._ _Let him neuer confounde_ _The gentyll greyhownde_]

See note, p. 349. v. 478.

Page 51. v. 782. _borde_] i. e. jest.

v. 783. _stede_] i. e. place.

v. 784. _maister Mewtas_] John Meautis was secretary for the French language to Henry the Seventh and Henry the Eighth. It appears from Rymer’s _Fœdera_ that he was allowed, in consideration of his services, to import Gascon wine and to dispose of it to the best advantage, T. v. P. iv. p. 78 (anno 1494), T. vi. P. i. p. 146 (anno 1518), ed. Hagæ; and that he was occasionally employed on business with foreign powers, T. v. P. iv. pp. 110, 113 (anno 1497). Among some, says Ashmole, who became Poor Knights of Windsor “probably out of devotion, rather than cause of poverty,” was “John Mewtes Secretary of the French Tongue (Pat. 18. H. 7. p. 1).” _Order of the Garter_, p. 161. Several unimportant entries concerning this person occur in the unpublished Books of Payments preserved in the Chapter House, Westminster.

Page 51. v. 795. _a bull vnder lead_]—_lead_, i. e. a leaden seal.

v. 798. _Dymingis Dale_] So in _Thersytes_, n. d.;

“Mother bryce of oxforde and greate Gyb of hynxey Also mawde of thrutton and mable of chartesey And all other wytches that walke in _dymminges dale_ Clytteringe and clatteringe there youre pottes with ale.”

p. 68. Roxb. ed.

v. 799. _Portyngale_] i. e. Portugal.

v. 806. _calodemonyall_] i. e. consisting of good angels.

v. 807. _cacodemonyall_] i. e. consisting of evil angels.

v. 808. _puruey_] i. e. provide.

Page 52. v. 831. _euerychone_] i. e. every one.

v. 838. _rewth_] i. e. pity.

v. 845. _recorde_] i. e. witness, evidence.

Page 53. v. 856. _set by_] i. e. valued, regarded.

v. 867. _askrye_] i. e. a shout. The verb has occurred several times before: see notes, p. 145. v. 903. p. 152. v. 1358. p. 191. v. 66.

v. 877. _haute ... base_] i. e. high ... low.

v. 880.

_Marke me that chase_ _In the tennys play_]

See the latter part of note, p. 205. v. 62. “_Marquez bien cette chasse._ Heed well that passage, marke well the point, whereof I have informed you.” Cotgrave’s _Dict._ in v. _Chasse_.

Page 54. v. 883. _a tall man_] “_Tall_ or semely.” _Prompt. Parv._ ed. 1499.

v. 885. _Hay, the gye and the gan_] In one of his copies of verses _Against Venemous Tongues_, Skelton has,

“Nothing to write, but _hay the gy of thre_.”

v. 13. vol. i. 134,

where there seems to be some allusion to the dance called _heydeguies_. In the present passage probably there is a play on words: _gye_ may mean—goose; and _gan_ gander.

v. 886. _gose_] i. e. goose.

v. 887. _The waters wax wan_] Horne Tooke in his _Div. of Purley_, Part ii. p. 179. ed. 1805, citing this line from the ed. of Skelton’s _Works_, 1736, thus,

“The waters _were_ wan,”

considers “wan” as the past participle of the verb “wane,”—_wand_, decreased; and he is followed by Richardson, _Dict._ in v. _Wan_. But “were” is merely a misprint of ed. 1736; and that “wan” is here an adjective expressing the colour of the water, is not to be doubted. So Skelton elsewhere;

“For worldly shame I _wax_ bothe _wanne_ and bloo.”

_Magnyfycence_, v. 2080. vol. i. 292.

“The ryuers rowth, the _waters wan_.”

_Balett_, v. 15. vol. i. 22.

So too in Henry’s _Wallace_;

“Bot rochis heich, and _wattir_ depe and _wan_.”

B. vii. 814. ed. Jam.

Page 54. v. 888. _ban_] i. e. curse.

v. 891. _warke_] i. e. work.

v. 896. _Sem ... Cam_] i. e. Shem ... Ham.

v. 898. _cupbord_] “_Cupborde of plate_ or to sette plate vpon _buffet_.” Palsgrave’s _Lesclar. de la Lang. Fr._, 1530. fol. xxviii. (Table of Subst.). It had a succession of “desks” or stages, on which the plate was displayed: see the description of a magnificent entertainment in Cavendish’s _Life of Wolsey_, p. 195. ed. 1827, and the editor’s note.

v. 904. _alcumyn_] i. e. a sort of mixed metal.

v. 905. _A goldsmyth your mayre_] “A.D. 1522 ... Maior, Sir John Mundy, Goldsmith, Son to William Mundy of Wycombe in Buckinghamshire.” Stow’s _Survey_, B. v. 129. ed. 1720.

v. 908. _trotters_] “_Trotters_ shepes fete.” Palsgrave’s _Lesclar. de la Lang. Fr._, 1530. fol. lxxi. (Table of Subst.).

v. 909. _potshordis_] i. e. potsherds.

v. 910. _shrewdly_] i. e. badly.

Page 55. v. 914. _syr Trestram_] See note, p. 137. v. 634. The name is, of course, used here for a person of rank generally.

v. 916. _Cane_] i. e. Caen, in Normandy.

v. 917. _wane_] i. e. decreased.

v. 918. _royals_] }

v. 919. _nobles_] }

The coins so called.

v. 920. _Burgonyons_] i. e. Burgundians.

v. 928. _With, laughe and lay downe_] A punning allusion to the game at cards so called.

v. 930. _Sprynge of Lanam_]—_Lanam_, i. e. Langham in Essex. In the Expenses of Sir John Howard, first Duke of Norfolk, we find, under the year 1463, “Item, Apylton and _Sprynge off Lanam_ owyth my mastyr, as James Hoberd and yonge Apylton knowyth wele [a blank left for the sum].” _Manners and Household Expenses of England_, &c. p. 180. ed. Roxb. It seems probable, however, from the early date, that the person mentioned in the entry just cited was the father (or some near relative) of the Spring noticed by Skelton. But Stow certainly alludes to the clothier of our text, where he records that, during the disturbances which followed the attempt to levy money for the king’s use in 1525, when the Duke of Norfolk inquired of the rebellious party in Suffolk “what was the cause of their disquiet, and who was their captaine?... one Iohn Greene a man of fiftie yeeres olde answered, that pouertie was both cause and captaine. For the rich clothiers _Spring of Lanam_ and other had giuen ouer occupying, whereby they were put from their ordinarie worke and liuing.” _Annales_, p. 525. ed. 1615. Neither Hall nor Holinshed, when relating the same circumstance, make any mention of Spring.

Page 55. v. 935. _He must tax for his wull_] i. e. He must pay tax for his wool.

Page 56. v. 952. _the streytes of Marock_] i. e. the straits of Morocco.

“Thurghout the see of Grece, unto _the straite_ _Of Maroc_.”

Chaucer’s _Man of Lawes Tale_, v. 4884. ed. Tyr.

v. 953. _the gybbet of Baldock_] See note, p. 340. v. 75.

v. 958. _mellys_] i. e. meddles.

v. 972. _fendys blake_] i. e. fiends black.

v. 974. _crake_] i. e. vaunt, talk bigly.

v. 975.

_he wolde than make_ _The deuyls to quake_]

So Roy in his satire against Wolsey, _Rede me, and be nott wrothe_, &c.;

“Yf he be as thou hast here sayde, I wene the devils will be afrayde To have hym as a companion; For what with his execracions, And with his terrible fulminacions, He wolde handle theym so, That for very drede and feare, All the devils that be theare Wilbe glad to let hym go.”

_Harl. Miscell._ ix. 29. ed. Park.

v. 978. _fyer drake_] i. e. fiery dragon.

v. 979. _a cole rake_] “_Colerake ratissover_.” Palsgrave’s _Lesclar. de la Lang. Fr._, 1530. fol. xxv. (Table of Subst.).

Page 57. v. 980. _Brose them on a brake_]—_Brose_, i. e. bruise, break: _brake_ (which has occurred before in a different sense, see note, p. 168. v. 324) means here an engine of torture: “I Brake on _a brake_ or payne bauke as men do mysdoers to confesse the trouthe.” Palsgrave’s _Lesclar. de la Lang. Fr._, 1530. fol. clxxi. (Table of Verbes). In the Tower was a celebrated _brake_ known by the nick-name of the Duke of Exeter’s Daughter: see the woodcut in Steevens’s note on _Measure for Measure_,—_Shakespeare_ (by Malone and Boswell), ix. 44.

Page 57. v. 984. _a grym syer_]—_syer_, i. e. sire, lord.

“Ryght _a grym syre_ at domys day xal he be.”

_Coventry Mysteries_,—_MS. Cott. Vesp. D_ viii. fol. 37.

v. 985. _potestolate_] Equivalent, I suppose, to—legate.

v. 986. _potestate_] “_Potestat._ A Potestat, principall Officer, chiefe Magistrate.” Cotgrave’s _Dict._

v. 989. _echone_] i. e. each one.

v. 990. _trone_] i. e. throne.

v. 996. _Folam peason_] i. e. Fulham pease.

v. 997. _geson_] i. e. scarce, rare.

v. 1000. _herbers_] See note, p. 101. v. 13.

v. 1001. _bryght and shene_] Are synonymous: yet Spenser also has;

“Her garment was so _bright_ and wondrous _sheene_,” &c.

_The Faerie Queene_,—_Mutabilitie_, vii. 7.

Page 58. v. 1014. _The deuyll spede whitte_] See note, p. 252. v. 1018.

v. 1016. _rechelesse_] i. e. reckless.

v. 1019. _bended_] i. e. banded. “A knotte or a _bende_ of felowes.” Hormanni _Vulgaria_, sig. Z viii. ed. 1530.

v. 1020. _condyscended_] See note, p. 237. v. 39.

Page 59. v. 1055. _Remordynge_] See note, p. 193. v. 101.

v. 1056. _flytynge_] i. e. scolding, rating.

v. 1058. _dawis_] i. e. simpletons: see note, p. 113. v. 301.

v. 1059. _sawis_] i. e. sayings, texts.

v. 1060. _gygawis_] i. e. gewgaws, trifles.

v. 1066. _let_] i. e. hinder, obstruct.

v. 1067. _maumet_] See note, p. 188. v. 170.

v. 1070. _crakynge_] i. e. vaunting, talking bigly.

Page 60. v. 1077. _him lykys_] i. e. pleases him.

v. 1086. _For all priuileged places, &c._.] See note, p. 342. v. 126.

v. 1094. _Saint Albons to recorde, &c._.] Wolsey, at that time Archbishop of York and Cardinal, was appointed to hold the abbacy of St. Alban’s _in commendam_; and is supposed to have applied its revenues to the expensive public works in which he was then engaged, the building of his colleges at Oxford and Ipswich, &c.,—a great infraction, as it was considered, of the canon law.

Page 60. v. 1100. _legacy_] i. e. legatine power.

v. 1104. _ben_] i. e. be.

v. 1105. _take_] i. e. took.

Page 61. v. 1113. _He is periured himselfe, &c._] “And York [Wolsey] perceiving the obedience that Canterbury [Warham] claimed to have of York, intended to provide some such means that he would rather be superior in dignity to Canterbury than to be either obedient or equal to him. Wherefore he obtained first to be made Priest Cardinal, and _Legatus de Latere_; unto whom the Pope sent a Cardinal’s hat, with certain bulls for his authority in that behalf.” ... “Obtaining this dignity, [he] thought himself meet to encounter with Canterbury in his high jurisdiction before expressed; and that also he was as meet to bear authority among the temporal powers, as among the spiritual jurisdictions. Wherefore remembering as well the taunts and checks before sustained of Canterbury, which he intended to redress, having a respect to the advancement of worldly honour, promotion, and great benefits, [he] found the means with the king, that he was made Chancellor of England; and Canterbury thereof dismissed, who had continued in that honourable room and office, since long before the death of King Henry the Seventh.” Cavendish’s _Life of Wolsey_, pp. 90, 92. ed. 1827. It appears, however, from the contemporary testimonies of Sir Thomas More and Ammonius, that this statement was founded on false information, and that Wolsey did not employ any unfair means to supersede Warham. The latter had often requested permission to give up the chancellorship before the king would receive his resignation. When the seals were tendered to the Cardinal, either from affected modesty, or because he thought the office incompatible with his other duties, he declined the offer, and only accepted it after the king’s repeated solicitations. See Singer’s note on Cavendish, _ubi supra_, and Lingard’s _Hist. of Engl._ vi. 57. ed. 8vo.

v. 1127.

_he setteth neuer a deale_ _By his former othe_]

i. e. he values not a bit, regards not a bit, his former oath.

v. 1130. _pretens_] i. e. pretension, claim.

v. 1131. _equipolens_] i. e. equality of power.

v. 1137. _pore_] i. e. poor.

Page 62. v. 1151.

_That wyll hed vs and hange vs,_ ... _And he may fange vs_]

—_fange_, i. e. catch, lay hold of. Compare Sir D. Lyndsay’s _Satyre of the Three Estaitis_, Part ii.;

“Sum sayis ane king is cum amang us, That purposis _to hede and hang us_: Thare is na grace, _gif he may fang us_, But on an pin.”

_Works_, ii. 81. ed. Chalmers.

Page 62. v. 1163. _Naman Sirus_] i. e. Naaman the Syrian.

“And _Naaman Syrus_ thu pourgedest of a leprye.”

Bale’s _Promyses of God_, &c. 1538. sig. E i.

v. 1167. _pocky_] So Roy in his satire against Wolsey, _Rede me, and be nott wrothe_, &c.;

“He had the pockes, without fayle, Wherfore people on hym did rayle With many obprobrious mockes.”

_Harl. Miscell._ ix. 32. ed. Park.

This was one of the charges afterwards brought against Wolsey in parliament.

Page 63. v. 1178. _ouerthwart_] i. e. cross, perverse.

v. 1181. _Balthasor_] “Balthasar de Guercis was Chirurgeon to Queen Catharine of Arragon, and received letters of naturalization, dated 16 March, 13 Hen. 8. [1521-2]. See Rymer’s _Collect. ined._ MS. Add. Brit. Mus. 4621. 10.” Sir F. Madden’s additional note on _Privy Purse Expenses of the Princess Mary_, p. 281. He is mentioned in the following letter (now for the first time printed) from Wolsey’s physician, Dr. Augustine (Augustinus de Augustinis, a Venetian), to Cromwell, requiring medical assistance for the Cardinal: “Honᵈᵒ Mr Crumweƚƚ, dopo le debite raccomadatione, ui mādo el prȩsente messo a posta, qual è un mio seruitore, per pregarui si da ꝑte de Monsʳ Rᵐᵒ si da parte mia instantemēte cħ ad ogni modo uogliati operar cħ mᵒ buths [Dr. Butts] & mᵒ Walter [Cromer] siano qui auāti nocte, se nō ambidoi almeno uno de loro, & l’altro potra uenir dimane, ꝑcħ res multū urget; prudēti & amico pauca. Item uorria uolontieri parlasti a mᵒ Balthasar, cħ trouasse o facesse trouare (se ꝑho in Londra nō ce ne fusse) di bona sorte di sanguisuge seu hyrudine, accio bisognādo per Monsʳ Rᵐᵒ antedetto fusseno preste & preparate, i. famelice etc & se ꝑ caso mᵒ Balthasar nō potesse o nō uolesse trouare ditte sanguisuge, & qui uenir ad administrarle (se bisognera) ui piaccia parlar a mᵒ Nicolas genero de mᵒ Marcellus, alquale ho fatto ne li tempi passati administrarle, si cħ cū l’uno o l’altro fati le cose siano in ordine, accio poi nō si perda tempo: q̃a periculū est in mora. Aspetto ur̃a risposta per el pñte almeno in inglese ma uoi medemo dimane Monsʳ Rᵐᵒ ad ogni modo ui aspetta. ditte prȩterea a li prȩfati doctori cħ portino seco qualche electó uomitiuo de piu sorte cioe debile, mediocre, & forte, accio, bisognādo, se ueggia el meglio, et nō si p̃di tempo in mādar a Londra. per el mio seruitore etiā o uero p̃ un de prȩfati doctori mādati la manna da bonuisi o da qualcħ un’ altro doue meglio se atrovera. Xp̃o da mal ui guardi. in Asher. 1529. ad. 19. gennaio. mādati etiā qualche granati & arācij

a ūri cōmādi Aug.ᵒ augⁱ.”

_MS. Cott. Tit._ B i. fol. 365.

Page 63. v. 1182. _wheled_] i. e. whealed, wealed, or waled.

v. 1185. _It was nat heled alderbest_]—_alderbest_, i. e. best of all,—thoroughly.

v. 1187. _Domyngo Lomelyn, &c._] In _The Privy Purse Expenses of King Henry the Eighth_ are several entries, relating to payments of money won by this Lombard from the King at cards and dice, amounting, in less than three years, to above 620 _l._: see pp. 17, 32, 33, 37, 190, 204, 205, 267, 270 of that work, edited by Sir H. Nicolas, who observes (p. 316) that Domingo “was, like Palmer and others, one of Henry’s ‘diverting vagabonds,’ and seems to have accompanied His Majesty wherever he went, for we find that he was with him at Calais in October, 1532.”

v. 1192. _puskylde pocky pose_]—_puskylde_, i. e. pustuled: _pose_, i. e. defluxion.

v. 1197. _neder_] i. e. nether, lower.

v. 1201. _toke ... warke_] i. e. took ... work.

Page 64. v. 1209. _To wryght of this glorious gest, &c._] If the text be right, _gest_ must mean—guest: so in _Magnyfycence_; “thou art a fonde _gest_.” v. 1109. vol. i. 261. But perhaps the true reading of the passage is,

“To wryght this glorious gest Of this vayne gloryous best,”

in which case, _gest_ would signify—story: see note, p. 177. v. 622.

v. 1210. _best_] i. e. beast.

v. 1213. _Quia difficile est, &c._] From Juvenal, _Sat._ i. 30.

v. 1221. _ouerse_] i. e. overlook.

v. 1224. _Omne animi vitium, &c._] From Juvenal, _Sat._ viii. 140.

v. 1226. _defaute_] i. e. default, defect.

v. 1227. _a great astate_] i. e. a person of great estate, or rank.

v. 1233. _fonde_] i. e. foolish.

v. 1234. _can_] i. e. know.

v. 1235. _conuenyent_] i. e. fitting.

Page 64. v. 1238. _sadnesse_] See note, p. 259. v. 1382.

Page 65. v. 1239. _lack_] i. e. fault, blame.

v. 1246. _it shall nat skyl_] See note, p. 262. v. 1615.

v. 1247. _byl_] i. e. writing.

v. 1248. _daucock_] See note, p. 113. v. 301.

EPITOMA, &c.

—— _Polyphemo_] In allusion to what Skelton has before said,—that the cardinal had the use of only one eye.

v. 2. _Pandulphum_] So he terms Wolsey, because Pandulph was legate from the Pope in the time of King John.

Page 66. v. 27. _Mauri_] i. e. Terentianus Maurus.

DECASTICHON, &c.

v. 1. _maris lupus_] A wretched play on words,—sea-wolf—wolf-sea—Wolsey.

v. 8. _mulus_] See note, p. 350. v. 510.

HOWE THE DOUTY DUKE OF ALBANY, LYKE A COWARDE KNYGHT, RAN AWAYE SHAMFULLY, &c.

Page 68.—— _tratlande_] i. e. prattling, idle-talking.

John duke of Albany (son of Alexander duke of Albany, the brother of James the Third) was regent of Scotland during the minority of James the Fifth; and this poem relates to his invasion of the borders in 1523; an expedition, which, according to Pinkerton, “in its commencement only displays the regent’s imprudence, and in its termination his total deficiency in military talents, and even in common valour.” _Hist. of Scot._, ii. 230. Mr. Tytler, however, views the character and conduct of Albany in a very different light; and his account of the expedition (_Hist. of Scot._, v. 166 sqq.) may be thus abridged. Albany’s army amounted in effective numbers to about forty thousand men, not including a large body of camp-followers. With this force,—his march impeded by heavy roads, the nobles corrupted by the gold and intrigues of England, they and their soldiers jealous of the foreign auxiliaries, and symptoms of disorganisation early appearing,—the regent advanced as far as Melrose. Having vainly endeavoured to persuade his discontented army to cross the Tweed, he encamped on its left bank, and laid siege to Wark Castle with his foreign troops and artillery. There the Frenchmen manifested their wonted courage; but the assaulting party, receiving no assistance from the Scots, and fearing that the river flooded by rain and snow would cut off their retreat, were obliged to raise the siege, and join the main body. The Earl of Surrey (see notes, p. 317. v. 769. p. 354. v. 150), who had in the mean while concentrated his troops, hearing of the attack on Wark Castle, now advanced against the enemy. At the news of his approach, the Scottish nobles being fixed in their resolution not to risk a battle, Albany retreated to Eccles, (a monastery six miles distant from Wark,) with his foreign auxiliaries and artillery; and the rest of his forces dispersed, rather with flight than retreat, amidst a tempest of snow. From Eccles Albany retired to Edinburgh, and, soon after, finally withdrew to France. His army had been assembled on the Burrow-Muir near Edinburgh towards the end of October; and its dispersion took place at the commencement of the following month.

Page 68. v. 19. _Huntley banke_] See note, p. 221. v. 149.

v. 20. _Lowdyan_] See note, p. 217. v. 59.

v. 21. _Locryan_] See note, p. 217. v. 61.

v. 22. _the ragged ray_]—_ray_ seems here to be merely—array; but Skelton in his _Replycacion_, &c., has,

“ye _dawns_ all in a sute The heritykes _ragged ray_.”

v. 168. vol. i. 214:

and see note, p. 194. v. 170.

v. 24. _Dunbar, Dunde_] See note, p. 219. v. 121.

Page 69. v. 37. _With, hey, dogge, hay_] This line has occurred before, in _Elynour Rummyng_, v. 168. vol. i. 100.

v. 38. _For Sir William Lyle, &c._] “And the seid mondaye at iij a clok at aftir none, the water of Twede being soo high that it could not be riden, the Duke sente ouer ij mˡ Frenchemen in bootis [boats] to gif assaulte to the place, who with force entred the bas courte, and by Sir William Lizle captain of the castell with c with hym were right manfully defended by the space of one houre and an half withoute suffring theym tentre the inner warde; but fynally the seid Frenchemen entred the inner warde, whiche perceiued by the seid Sir William and his company frely set vpon theym, and not onely drove theym oute of the inner warde, but alsoo oute of the vttir warde, and slewe of the seid Frenchemen x personys. And so the seid Frenchemen wente ouer the water,” &c. Letter from Surrey to Henry the Eighth,—_MS. Cott. Calig. B._ vi. fol. 304. Mr. Tytler says that the assaulting party left “three hundred slain, of which the greater number were Frenchmen.” _Hist. of Scot._, v. 169.

v. 45. _lacke_] i. e. blame, reproach.

Page 69. v. 52. _reculed_] i. e. recoiled, retreated.

v. 55. _That my lorde amrell, &c._]—_amrell_, i. e. admiral,—Surrey.

Page 70. v. 63. _With sainct Cutberdes banner_] An earlier passage of the letter just cited is as follows. “At whiche tyme I being at Holy Island, vij myles from Berwike, was aduertised of the same [Albany’s attack on Wark Castle] at v a clok at night the seid sondaye; and incontynente sente lettres to my lord cardynallis company, my lord of Northumbreland, my lord of Westmereland at Sainte Cutbertes baner lying at Anwike and thereaboutes, and in likewise to my lord Dacre and other lordes and gentilmen lying abrode in the contre too mete me at Barmer woode v myles from Werk on mondaye, whoo soo dede.”

v. 68. _crake_] i. e. vaunt.

v. 73. _ascry_] i. e. call out against, raise a shout against—assail; see notes, p. 145. v. 903. p. 152. v. 1358, &c.

v. 78. _stoutty_] i. e. stout.

v. 91. _But ye meane a thyng, &c._] That Albany aimed at the destruction of James v. was a popular rumour, but, according to Mr. Tytler, entirely without foundation.

Page 71. v. 101. _cast_] i. e. contrivance, stratagem.

v. 110. _beyght_] i. e., perhaps, (not bait, but) noose. _Beight, bight_, or _bought_, is any thing bent, folded: in Markham’s _Masterpiece_ (as Stevenson observes, Additions to Boucher’s _Gloss._ in v.) it is used both to express a noose formed of a rope, and the bent or arched part of a horse’s neck. In Hormanni _Vulgaria_ we find “_Boughtes_.... Chartæ complicatæ.” Sig. Q iii. ed. 1530.

v. 115. _recrayd_] i. e. recreant.

v. 120. _puaunt_] i. e. stinking.

v. 126. _Vnhaply vred_] See note, p. 232. v. 95.

v. 128. _discured_] i. e. discovered.

Page 72. v. 132. _echone_] i. e. each one.

v. 135. _flery_] i. e. fleer.

v. 146. _Mell nat_] i. e. Meddle not.

v. 152. _byrne_] i. e. burn.

v. 155. _at ylke mannes hecke_] i. e. at each man’s hatch, door.

v. 156. _fynde_] i. e. fiend.

v. 159. _shake thy dogge, hay_] See note, p. 226. v. 28.

v. 161.

_We set nat a flye_ _By, &c._]

i. e. We value not at a fly, care not a fly for.

v. 163. _prane_] i. e. prawn.

Page 72. v. 164. _dronken drane_] See note, p. 222. v. 172.

Page 73. v. 165. _We set nat a myght_] So Chaucer;

“I nolde _setten_ at his sorow _a mite_.”

_Troilus and Creseide_, B iii.—_Workes_, fol. 161. ed. 1602.

v. 167. _proude palyarde_] See note, p. 348. v. 427.

v. 168. _skyrgaliarde_] See note, p. 218. v. 101.

v. 171. _coystrowne_] See note on title of poem, p. 92.

v. 172. _dagswayne_] See note, p. 270. v. 2195. I know not if the word was ever used as a term of reproach by any writer except Skelton.

v. 182. _mell_] i. e. meddle.

v. 189.

_Right inconuenyently_ _Ye rage and ye raue,_ _And your worshyp depraue_]

—_inconuenyently_, i. e. unsuitably, unbecomingly: _your worshyp depraue_, i. e. debase, degrade, lower your dignity. “I am also aduertised that he [Albany] is so passionate that and he bee aparte amongis his familiers and doth here any thing contrarius to his myende and pleasure, his accustumed maner is too take his bonet sodenly of his hed and to throwe it in the fire, and no man dare take it oute but let it to bee brent. My lord Dacre doth affirme that at his last being in Scotland he ded borne aboue a dosyn bonettes aftir that maner.” Letter from Lord Surrey to Wolsey,—_MS. Cott., Calig. B_ vi. fol. 316.

v. 192. _Duke Hamylcar_] }

v. 195. _Duke Hasdruball_] }

—_Duke_, i. e. leader, lord. So Lydgate;

“_Duke_ whylom of Cartage Called _Amylchar_.”

_Fall of Prynces_, B. v. leaf cxxvi. ed. Wayland.

“_Duke Hasdrubal_, whome bokes magnify.”

_Ibid._ B. ii. leaf xlv.

v. 198. _condicions_] See note, p. 183. v. 12.

Page 74. v. 209. _Howe ye wyll beres bynde_]—_beres_, i. e. bears. Compare;

“With mede men may _bynde berys_.”

_Coventry Mysteries_,—_MS. Cott. Vesp. D viii._ fol. 195.

“Som man is strong _berys for to bynde_.”

Lydgate’s verses _Against Self-love_, &c.—_MS. Harl._ 2255. fol. 10.

“That with the strenth of my hand _Beres may bynd_.”

_The Droichis Part of the Play_, attributed to Dunbar,—_Poems_, ii. 37. ed. Laing.

“Makynge the people to beleve he coulde _bynde bears_.”

Bale’s _Kynge Johan_, p. 72. ed. Camd.

Page 74. v. 210. _the deuill downe dynge_] See note, p. 270. v. 2210.

v. 227. _entrusar_] i. e. intruder.

“But an _intrusour_, one called Julyan.”

Lydgate’s _Fall of Prynces_, B. viii. leaf ii. ed. Wayland.

v. 230. _to_] i. e. too.

Page 75. v. 237. _lorde amrell_] i. e. lord admiral (Surrey).

v. 240. _marciall shoure_] See note, p. 219. v. 133.

v. 243. _derayne_] i. e. contest.

v. 248. _keteryng_] See note, p. 218. v. 83.

v. 250. _hert_] i. e. heart.

v. 251. _The fynde of hell mot sterue the_] i. e. May the fiend of hell cause thee to die, destroy thee. (To _sterue_ in our old writers is common in the sense of—die, perish.)

v. 255. _Caried in a cage, &c._] In no historian can I find any allusion to the strange vehicle here mentioned.

v. 257. _mawment_] See note, p. 188. v. 170.

Page 76. v. 268. _warke_] i. e. work.

v. 270.

_Therin, lyke a royle,_ _Sir Dunkan, ye dared_]

Compare;

“By your reuellous riding on euery _royle_, Welny euery day a new mare or a moyle.”

Heywood’s _Dialogue_, &c. sig. H 4,—_Workes_, ed. 1598.

“_Nulla in tam, magno est corpore mica salis_, There is not one crum or droppe of good fashion in al that great _royls_ bodye. For Catullus ther speaketh of a certaine mayden that was called Quintia,” &c. Udall’s _Flowers, or Eloquent Phrases of the Latine speach_, &c. sig. G 5. ed. 1581. Grose gives “_Roil_ or _royle_, a big ungainly slamakin, a great awkward blowze or hoyden.” _Prov. Gloss._:—_Sir Dunkan_ is a Scottish name used here at random by Skelton, as he elsewhere uses other Scottish names, see note, p. 219. v. 121: _dared_, see note, p. 258. v. 1358; and compare; “_Daren_ or preuyly ben hyd. Latito.” _Prompt. Parv._ ed. 1499.

“Vnder freshe floures sote and fayre to se, The serpent _dareth_ with his couert poyson.”

Lydgate’s _Fall of Prynces_, B. iv. leaf cvii. ed. Wayland.

“the snayl goth lowe doun, _Daryth_ in his shelle.”

Poem by Lydgate (entitled in the Catalogue, _Advices for people to keep a guard over their tongues_),—_MS. Harl._ 2255. fol. 133.

Page 76. v. 274. _sely_] i. e. silly, simple, harmless.

v. 282. _It made no great fors_] i. e. It was no great matter, it mattered not greatly.

v. 285. _a gon stone_] See note, p. 314. v. 629.

v. 287. _sir Topias_] See note, p. 180. v. 40.

v. 288. _Bas_] The _Bass_ is an island, or rather rock, of immense height in the Firth of Forth, about a mile distant from the south shore.

v. 290. _[l]as_] I may just notice, in support of this reading, that “a lusty _lasse_” occurs in our author’s _Magnyfycence_, v. 1577. vol. i. 276.

v. 292. _I shrewe_] i. e. I beshrew, curse.

—— _lugges_] i. e. ears.

v. 293. _munpynnys_] Compare;

“Syrs, let us cryb furst for oone thyng or oder, That thise wordes be purst, and let us go foder Our _mompyns_.”

_Prima Pastorum_,—_Towneley Mysteries_, p. 89

(a passage which the writer of the _Gloss._ altogether misunderstands), and;

“Thy _mone pynnes_ bene lyche olde yuory, Here are stumpes feble and her are none,” &c.

Lydgate, _The prohemy of a mariage_, &c.—_MS. Harl._ 372. fol. 45.

_Munpynnys_ is, I apprehend, mouth-pins, teeth. Ray gives “The _Munne_, the Mouth.” _Coll. of Engl. Words_, &c.—Preface, p. x. ed. 1768: and Jamieson has “_Munds_. The mouth.”—“_Muns._ The hollow behind the jaw-bone.” _Et. Dict. of Scot. Lang._ and _Suppl._

—— _crag_] i. e. neck, throat.

v. 295. _hag_] See note, p. 99. v. 19.

v. 296. _sir Wrig wrag_] }

v. 297. _sir Dalyrag_] }

See note, p. 189. v. 186.

Page 77. v. 298. _mellyng_] i. e. meddling.

v. 301. _huddypeke_] See note, p. 255. v. 1176.

v. 303. _a farly freke_] i. e. a strange fellow: see notes, p. 109. v. 187; p. 178. v. 15.

v. 304. _an horne keke_] A term which I am unable to explain.

v. 308. _swerde_] i. e. sword.

v. 309. _the Lyon White_] See note, p. 220. v. 135.

v. 316. _render the_] i. e. consign thee.

v. 317. _the flingande fende_] i. e. the flinging fiend. So in Ingelend’s _Disobedient Child_, n. d.;

“_The flyings and_ [sic] _fiende_ go with my wyfe.”

Sig. F ii.

Northern readers at least need not be informed that to _fling_ means—to throw out the legs;

“Sumtyme, in dansing, feirelie I _flang_.”

Sir D. Lyndsay’s _Epistill_ before his _Dreme_,—_Workes_, i. 187. ed. Chalmers.

v. 319. _borde_] i. e. jest.

v. 322. _parbrake_] i. e. vomit.

v. 323. _auauns_] i. e. vaunts. “The braging _avaunts_ of the Spaniards be so accalmed,” &c. _Letter of Wolsey_,—Burnet’s _Hist. of the Reform._, iii. P. ii. 9. ed. 1816.

v. 324. _wordes enbosed_] i. e. swollen, big words.

v. 329. _lewde_] i. e. evil, vile.

v. 330. _Sir Dunkan_] See note on v. 270. p. 379.

—— _in the deuill waye_] See note, p. 287. v. 672.

Page 78. v. 336. _lurdayne_] See note, p. 242. v. 423.

v. 341. _varry_] i. e. fall at variance, contend.

v. 344. _stownde_] i. e. moment.

v. 348. _ryn_] i. e. run.

v. 352. _loke_] i. e. look.

v. 353. _defoyle_] i. e. defile.

v. 360. _wele_] i. e. well.

v. 366. _bace_] i. e. low.

Page 79. v. 375. _cordylar_] i. e. cordelier,—a Franciscan friar, whose cincture is a _cord_.

v. 377. _to_] i. e. too.

v. 380. _daucockes_] i. e. simpletons: see note, p. 113. v. 301.

v. 381. _reme_] i. e. realm.

v. 382. _Ge heme_] Scottice for—Go home (as before in _Why come ye nat to Courte_, v. 123. vol. ii. 30).

v. 383. _fonde_] i. e. foolish.

Page 79. v. 386. _mate you with chekmate_] In allusion to the king’s being put in _check_ at the game of chess. And see note, p. 355. v. 158.

v. 389. _pype in a quibyble_] The word _quibyble_, as far as I am aware, occurs only in Skelton. Chaucer has a well-known passage,

“And playen songes on a small ribible; Therto he song somtime a loud _quinible_.”

_The Milleres Tale_, v. 3331, where Tyrwhitt (apparently against the context) supposes _quinible_ to be an instrument: and I may notice that Forby gives “_Whybibble_, a whimsy; idle fancy; silly scruple, &c.” _Voc. of East Anglia._

v. 398. _faytes_] i. e. facts, doings.

v. 399. _me dresse_] i. e. address, apply myself.

Page 80. v. 406. _auaunce_] i. e. advance.

v. 410. _nobles_] i. e. noblesse, nobleness.

v. 417. _rechelesse_] i. e. reckless.

v. 418. _a lunatyke ouerage_] See note, p. 352. v. 39.

v. 420. _ennewde_] See note, p. 144. v. 775.

v. 431. _Lyke vnto Hercules_] Barclay goes still farther in a compliment to the same monarch;

“_He passeth Hercules_ in manhode and courage.”

_The Ship of Fooles_, fol. 205. ed. 1570.

v. 436. _foy_] i. e. faith.

Page 81. v. 439. _Scipiades_] i. e. Scipio.

v. 442. _Duke Iosue_]—_Duke_, i. e. leader, lord. So Hawes;

“And in lyke wyse _duke Iosue_ the gente,” &c.

_The Pastime of Pleasure_, sig. c ii. ed. 1555.

v. 448. _animosite_] i. e. bravery.

v. 457. _to_] i. e. too.

v. 459. _losels_] i. e. good-for-nothing fellows, scoundrels.

v. 461. _astate_] i. e. estate, high dignity.

v. 468. _domage_] i. e. damage.

v. 470. _rydes or goos_] See note, p. 125. v. 186.

Page 82. v. 475. _a knappishe sorte_] “_Knappish._ Proterve, pervers, fascheux.” Cotgrave’s _Dict._ “_Knappish_. Tart, testy, snappish.” Jamieson’s _Et. Dict. of Scot. Lang._: _sorte_, i. e. set.

v. 477. _enbosed iawes_] See note, p. 301. v. 24.

v. 478. _dawes_] i. e. simpletons: see note, p. 113. v. 301.

v. 479. _fende_] i. e. fiend.

v. 487. _hart blode_] i. e. heart-blood.

v. 488. _gode_] i. e. good,—goods.

v. 494. _faytour_] See note, p. 195. v. 2.

Page 82. v. 495. _recrayed_] i. e. recreant.

v. 500. _rede ... loke_] i. e. advise ... look.

Page 83. v. 506. _Sainct George to borowe_] i. e. St. George being my surety or pledge: the expression is common in our early poetry.

v. 508. _quayre_] i. e. quire,—pamphlet, book.

v. 523. _wrate_] i. e. wrote.

—— _Lenuoy_] Concerning this second _L’envoy_, which, I believe, does not belong to the poem against Albany, see _Account of Skelton_, &c.

Page 84. v. 9. _ammas_] i. e. amice: see note, p. 134. v. 560.

—— _Ie foy enterment, &c._] i. e. Je fie entièrement, &c.

POEMS ATTRIBUTED TO SKELTON.

VERSES PRESENTED TO KING HENRY THE SEVENTH[273] AT THE FEAST OF ST. GEORGE CELEBRATED AT WINDSOR IN THE THIRD YEAR OF HIS REIGN.

O moste famous noble king! thy fame doth spring and spreade, Henry the Seventh, our soverain, in eiche regeon; All England hath cause thy grace to love and dread, Seing embassadores seche fore protectyon, For ayd, helpe, and succore, which lyeth in thie electyone. England, now rejoyce, for joyous mayest thou bee, To see thy kyng so floreshe in dignetye.

This realme a seasone stoode in greate jupardie, When that noble prince deceased, King Edward, Which in his dayes gate honore full nobly; After his decesse nighe hand all was marr’d; Eich regione this land dispised, mischefe when they hard; Wherefore rejoyse, for joyous mayst thou be, To see thy kynge so floresh in high dignetye.

Fraunce, Spayne, Scoteland, and Britanny, Flanders also, Three of them present keepinge thy noble feaste Of St. George in Windsor, ambassadors comying more,[274] Iche of them in honore, bothe the more and the lesse,[275] Seeking thie grace to have thie noble begeste: Wherefore now rejoise, and joyous maiste thou be, To see thy kynge so florishing in dignetye.

O knightly ordere, clothed in robes with gartere! The queen’s grace and thy mother clothed in the same; The nobles of thie realme riche in araye, aftere, Lords, knights, and ladyes, unto thy greate fame: Now shall all embassadors know thie noble name, By thy feaste royal; nowe joyeous mayest thou be, To see thie king so florishinge in dignety.

Here this day St. George, patron of this place, Honored with the gartere cheefe of chevalrye; Chaplenes synging processyon, keeping the same, With archbushopes and bushopes beseene nobly; Much people presente to see the King Henrye: Wherefore now, St. George, all we pray to thee To keepe our soveraine in his dignetye.

[273] _Verses presented to King Henry the Seventh, &c._] Ashmole, who first printed these lines from “_MS. penes Arth. Com. Anglesey, fol._ 169,” thinks that they were probably by Skelton: see _Order of the Garter_, p. 594.

[274] _more_] The rhyme requires “mo.”

[275] _lesse_] The rhyme requires “leste.”

THE EPITAFFE OF THE MOSTE NOBLE AND VALYAUNT JASPAR LATE DUKE OF BEDDEFORDE.[276]

[Sidenote: Color Ficcio.]

Bydynge al alone, with sorowe sore encombred, In a frosty fornone, faste by Seuernes syde, The wordil beholdynge, wherat moch I wondred To se the see and sonne to kepe both tyme and tyde, The ayre ouer my hede so wonderfully to glyde, And howe Saturne by circumference borne is aboute; Whiche thynges to beholde, clerely me notyfyde, One verray God to be therin to haue no dowte.

And as my fantasy flamyd in that occupacyon, Fruteles, deuoyde of all maner gladnes, Of one was I ware into greate desolacyon, To the erthe prostrate, rauyuge for madnes; By menys so immoderate encreased was his sadnes, That by me can not be compyled His dedly sorowe and dolorous dystres, Lyfe in hym by deth so ny was exiled.

Hym better to beholde, so ferre oute of frame, Nerre I nyghed, farsyd with fragyllyte; Wherwith Smert I perceyued he called was by name, Which ouer haukes and houndes had auctoryte; Though the roume vnmete were for his pouer degre, Yet fortune so hym farthered to his lorde; Wherfore him to lye in soch perplexite, What it myghte mene I gan to mysylfe recorde.

I shogged him, I shaked him, I ofte aboute him went, And al to knowe why so care his carayn hyued; His temples I rubbyd, and by the nose him hente; Al as in vayne was, he coude nat be reuyued; He waltered, he wende, and with himsilfe stryued, Such countenaunce contynuyng; but or I parte the place, Vp his hede he caste; whan his woful goste aryued, Those wordes saynge with righte a pytous face:

[Sidenote: Metricus primus. Color repeticio.]

O sorowe, sorowe beyonde al sorowes sure! All sorowes sure surmountynge, lo! Lo, which payne no pure may endure, Endure may none such dedely wo! Wo, alas, ye inwrapped, for he is go! Go is he, whose valyaunce to recounte, To recounte, all other it dyd surmounte.

[Sidenote: Metricus secundus. C. recitacio simplex.]

Gone is he, alas, that redy was to do Eche thynge that to nobles required! Gone is he, alas, that redy was to do Eche thynge that curtesye of him desyred! Whose frowarde fate falsely was conspyred By Antraphos vnasured and her vngracyous charmys; Jaspar I mene is gone, Mars son in armys.

[Sidenote: M. iii. C. narracio.]

He that of late regnyd in glory, With grete glosse buttylly glased, Nowe lowe vnder fote doth he ly, With wormys ruly rente and rasyd, His carayne stynkynge, his fetures fasyd; Brother and vncle to kynges yesterday, Nowe is he gone and lafte vs as mased; Closed here lyeth he in a clote of clay: Shall he come agayne? a, nay, nay! Where is he become, I can nat discusse: Than with the prophet may we say, _Non inuentus est locus eius_.

[Sidenote: Metricus quartus et retrogradiens. Color. discripcio.]

Restynge in him was honoure with sadnesse, Curtesy, kyndenesse, with great assuraunce, Dispysynge vice, louynge alway gladnesse, Knyghtly condicyons, feythful alegeaunce, Kyndely demenoure, gracyous vtteraunce; Was none semelyer, feture ne face; Frendely him fostered quatriuial aliaunce; Alas, yet dede nowe arte thou, Jaspar, alas!

[Sidenote: Metricus quintus.]

Wherfore sorowe to oure sorowe none can be founde, Ne cause agayne care to mollyfy oure monys: Alas, the payne! For his body and goste, That we loued moste, In a graue in the grounde Deth depe hath drounde Among robel and stonys: Wherfore complayne.

[Sidenote: M. vi.]

Complayne, complayne, who can complayne; For I, alas, past am compleynte! To compleyne wyt can not sustayne, Deth me with doloure so hath bespraynte; For in my syghte, Oure lorde and knyghte, Contrary to righte, Deth hath ateynte.

[Sidenote: M. vii. C. iteracio.]

As the vylest of a nacyon, Deuoyde of consolacyon, By cruel crucyacyon, He hath combryd hym sore; He hath him combryd sore, That Fraunce and Englonde bere byfore Armys of both quarteryd, And with _hony soyte_ was garteryd, Se howe he is nowe marteryd! Alas for sorowe therfore, Alas for sorowe therfore! Oute and weleaway, For people many a score For him that yel and rore, Alas that we were bore To se this dolorous day!

With asshy hue compleyne also, I cry, Ladyes, damosels, mynyonat and gorgayse; Knyghtes aunterus of the myghty monarchy, Complayne also; for he that in his dayes To enhaunce wonte was your honoure, youre prayse, Now is he gone, of erthly blysse ryfyld; For dredeful Deth withouten delayse Ful dolorously his breth hath stifild.

[Sidenote: C. transsumpcio.]

Terys degoutynge, also complayne, complayne, Houndes peerles, haukes withoute pereialyte, Sacris, faucons, heroners hautayne; For nowe darked is youre pompe, youre prodogalyte, Youre plesures been past vnto penalyte; Of with your rich caperons, put on your mourning hodes; For Iaspar, your prynce by proporcyon of qualyte, Paste is by Deth those daungerous flodys.

[Sidenote: M. viii.]

He that manhode meyntened and magnamynite, His blasynge blys nowe is with balys blechyd; Through Dethes croked and crabbed cruelte, In doloure depe nowe is he drowned and drechyd; His starynge standerde, that in stoures strechyd With a sable serpent, nowe set is on a wall, His helme heedles, cote corseles, woful and wrechyd, With a swerde handeles, there hange they all.

[Sidenote: M. ix.]

Gewellys of late poysyd at grete valoyre, He ded, they desolate of every membre, Stykynge on stakes as thynges of none shaloyre; For the corse that they couched cast is in sendre, By cruel compulsyon caused to surrendre Lyfe vp to Deth that al ouerspurneth: O, se howe this worlde tourneth! Some laugheth, some mourneth: Yet, ye prynces precyous and tendre, Whyle that ye here in glory soiourneth, The deth of our mayster rue to remembre.

[Sidenote: C. exclamacio.]

O turmentoure, traytoure, torterous tyraunte, So vnwarely oure duke haste thou slayne, That wyt and mynde are vnsuffycyaunte Agayne thy myschyf malyce to mayntayne! We that in blysse wonte were to bayne, With fortune flotynge moste fauourably, Nowe thorow thrylled and persyd with payne, Langoure we in feruente exstasy.

[Sidenote: C. reprobacio.]

O murtherer vnmesurable, withouten remors, Monstruus of entrayle, aborryd in kynde, Thou haste his corse dystressed by force, Whos parayle alyue thou can not fynde! Howe durst thou his flessh and spyryte vntynde, Dissendynge fro Cyzyle, Jerusalem, and Fraunce? O bazalyke bryboure, with iyes blynde, Sore may thou rue thy vtterquidaunce!

Thou haste berafte, I say, the erthly ioye Of one, broder and vncle to kynges in degre, Lynyally descendynge fro Eneas of Troye, Grete vncle and vncle to prynces thre, Brother to a saynte by way of natyuyte, Vncle to another whom men seketh blyue, Blynde, croked, lame, for remedyes hourly; Thus God that bromecod had gyuen a prerogatyue.

[Sidenote: C. newgacio.]

And yet thou, dolorous Deth, to the herte hast him stynged: Wenest thou, felon, such murther to escape? I say, the brewtors of Wales on the wyl be reuenged For thy false conspyracy and frowarde fate: We his seruantes also sole disconsolate Haste thou lafte; so that creatures more maddyr In erthe none wandreth atwene senit and naddyr.

[Sidenote: M. x.]

Wherfore, to the felde, to the felde, on with plate and male, Beest, byrde, foule, eche body terrestryal! Seke we this murtherer him to assayle; Vnafrayde ioyne in ayde, ye bodyes celestyal; Herry saynt, with iyes faynte to the also I cal, For thy brothers sake, help Deth to take, that al may on him wonder; For and he reyne, by drift sodeyne he wil ech kynd encumbre.

_Dethe._

[Sidenote: C. prosopopeya. M. xi.]

Fouconer, thou arte to blame, And oughte take shame To make suche pretense; For I Deth hourly May stande truly At ful lawful defence: Deth hath no myghte, Do wronge no righte, Fauoure frende ne fo, But as an instrumente At commaundemente Whether to byde or go.

I am the instromente Of one omnipotente, That knowest thou fyrme and playne; Wherfore fro Dethe Thy wo and wreth I wolde thou shulde reteyne, And agayne God For thy bromecod Batayle to darayne.

[Sidenote: M. xii. C. Introductio.]

Than, if it be ryghte, most of myght, thy godhed I acuse, For thy myght contrary to right thou doste gretly abuse; Katyffes vnkind thou leuest behind, paynis, Turkes, and Iewis, And our maister gret thou gaue wormes to ete; wheron gretly I muse: Is this wel done? answer me sone; make, Lorde, thyn excuse.

[Sidenote: M. xiii. C. onomotopeya.]

Dyd thou disdayne that he shuld rayne? was that els the cause? In his rayne he was moste fayne to mynester thy lawes; Than certayn, and thou be playn and stedfaste in thy sawes, Euery knyght that doth right, ferynge drede ne awes, Of thy face bryghte shall haue syghte, After this worldly wawes: Than, gode Lorde, scripture doth record, verefieng that cause, That our bromcod with the, gode God, in heuen shal rest and pause.

[Sidenote: M. xiiii. C. probacio.]

For first of nought thou him wroght of thy special grace, And wers than noght him also boght in Caluery in that place; Thou by thoght oft he were broght with Satanas to trace, Yet, Lorde, to haue pyte thou oght on the pycture of thy face.

[Sidenote: M. xv.]

We neyther he dampned to be, willyngly thou wilt noght; Yet dampned shal he and we be, if thy mercy helpe nought: Discrecion hast thou gyuen, yde [Lorde?]; what wold we more ought? After deth to lyue with the, if we offende nought.

[Sidenote: M. xvi.]

There is a cause yet of oure care, thou creatoure alofte, That thy gospel doth declare, whiche I forgete noughte; Howe vnwarly our welfare fro vs shal be broughte By Deth that none wyl spare, Lorde, that knowe we noughte: In syn drowned if we dare, and so sodenly be coughte, Than of blysse ar we bare; that fylleth me ful of thoughte.

[Sidenote: C. degressio. M. xvii.]

Thou knowest, Lorde, beste thysylfe, Man is but duste, stercorye, and fylthe, Of himsylfe vnable, Saue only of thy specyal grace, A soule thou made to occupye place, To make man ferme and stable; Which man to do as thou ordeyned, With fendes foule shal neuer be payned, But in blysse be perdurable; And if he do the contrarye, After this lyfe than shal he dye, Fendes to fede vnsaciable; For which fendys foule thou made a centre, In which centre thou made an entre, That such that to breke thy commaundementes wolde auenter Theder downe shulde dessende; But oure maister, whan Deth hym trapte, In pure perseueraunce so was wrapte, That thou inuisyble his speryte thyder rapte Where thy sheltrons him shal defende.

[Sidenote: M. quatrinalis. C. transuersio.]

If we nat offende, He wyl purchace A gloryous place At oure laste ende;

To se his face We shal assende, By his grete grace, If we nat offende.

Thou haste enuapored, I say, alofte The soule of Jaspar, that thou wroughte, Seruyce to do latrial: And why, Lorde, I dyd the reproue, Was for perfyte zele and loue, To the nat preiudicyal; For, Lorde, this I knowe expresse, This worldly frute is bytternesse, Farcyd with wo and payne, Lyfe ledynge dolorously in distresse, Shadowed with Dethes lykenesse, As in none certayne.

[Sidenote: C. neugacio.]

Yet, me semeth so, thou art non of tho that vs so shuld begyle: He is nat yet ded; I lay my hed, thou hast him hid for a while; And al to proue who doth him loue and who wil be vnkynd, Thou hast in led layde him abed, this trow I in my mynd; For this we trow, and thou dost know, as thy might is most, That him to dye, to lowe and hye it were to grete a lost.

[Sidenote: C. excusacio.]

And he be dede, this knowe I very right; Thou saw, Lorde, this erth corrupt with fals adulacyon, And thought it place vnmete for Jaspar thy knyght; Wherfore of body and soule thou made seperacyon, Preantedate seynge by pure predestynacyon Whan his lyfe here shulde fyne and consum; Wherfore, Lorde, thus ende I my dolorous exclamacyon, Thy godenes knewe what was beste to be done.

[Sidenote: M. xviii. C. conclusio.]

As a prynce penytente and ful of contricion, So dyed he, we his seruauntes can recorde: And that he may haue euerlastynge fruicyon, We the beseche, gloryous kynge and lorde! For the laste leson that he dyd recorde, To thy power he it aplyed, saynge _tibi omnes_, As a hye knyghte in fidelyte fermely moryd, _Angeli celi et potestates_; Wherwith payne to the hert him boryd, And lyfe him lefte, gyuynge deth entres. Whiche lyfe, in comparyson of thyne, Is as poynt in lyne, or as instant in tyme; For thou were and arte and shal be of tyme, In thy silfe reynynge by power diuyne, Makynge gerarcyüs thre and orders nyne, The to deifye: Wherfore we crye, Suffer nat Jaspar to dye, But to lyue; For eternally that he shal lyue Is oure byleue.

[Sidenote: M. xix. C. prolongacio.]

And than [?] moste craftely dyd combyne Another heuen, called cristalline, So the thyrde stellyferal to shyne Aboue the skye: Wherfore we crye, Suffer nat Jaspar to dye, But to lyue; For eternally that he shal lyue Is oure byleue.

Moreouer in a zodiake pure and fyne Synys xii. thou set for a tyme, And them nexte, in cercle and lyne, Saturne thou set, Iupiter, and Mars citryne, Contect and drye: Wherfore we crye, Suffer nat Jaspar to dye, But to lyue; For eternally that he shal lyue Is oure byleue.

Than, to peryssh, thorouthryll, and myne The mystes blake and cloudes tetryne, Tytan thou set clerely to shyne, The worldes iye: Wherfore we crye, _vt supra_.

Yet in their epycercles to tril and twyne, Retrograte, stacyoner, directe, as a syne, Uenus thou set, Marcury, and the Mone masseline; Nexte fyre and ayre, so sotyl of engyne, The to gloryfye:

Wherfore we crye, Suffer nat Jaspar to dye, But to lyue; For eternally that he shal lyue Is oure byleue.

Water, and erth with braunch and vine; And so, thy werkes to ende and fyne, Man to make thou dyd determyne, Of whome cam I: Wherfore I cry and the supplye, Suffer nat Jaspar to dye, But to lyue; For eternally that he shal lyue Is oure byleue.

With him, to comford at all tyme, Thou ioyned the sex than of frayle femynyne, Which by temptacyon serpentyne Theyre hole sequele broughte to ruyne By ouergrete folye: Wherfore we crye, Suffer not Jaspar to dye, But to lyue; For eternally that he shal lyue Is oure byleue.

Than, of thy godenes, thou dyd enclyne Flessh to take of thy moder and virgyne, And vs amonge, in payne and famyne, Dwalte, and taughte thy holy doctryne Uulgarly: Wherfore we crye, Suffer nat Jaspar to dye, But to lyue; For eternally that he shal lyue Is oure byleue.

Tyl a traytoure, by false couyne, To Pylat accused the at pryme; So taken, slayne, and buryed at complyne, Rose agayne, of Adam redemynge the lyne By thy infynyte mercy: For whych mercy,

Incessantly we crye, And the supplye, Suffer nat our lorde to dye, But to lyue; For eternally that he shal lyue Is oure byleue.

[Sidenote: M. xx.]

Kynges, prynces, remembre, whyle ye may, Do for yoursilfe, for that shal ye fynde Executours often maketh delay, The bodye buryed, the soule sone oute of mynde; Marke this wel, and graue it in youre mynde, Howe many grete estates gone are before, And howe after ye shal folowe by course of kynde: Wherfore do for youresilfe; I can say no more.

Though ye be gouernours, moste precious in kynde, Caste downe your crounes and costely appareyle, Endored with golde and precyous stones of Ynde, For al in the ende lytyl shal auayle; Whan youre estates Deth lyketh to assayle, Your bodyes bulgynge with a blyster sore, Than withstande shal neyther plate ne mayle: Wherfore do for youresilfe; I can say no more.

There is a vertue that moost is auaunsed, Pure perseueraunce called of the porayle, By whome al vertues are enhaunsed, Which is not wonne but by diligente trauayle: Ware in the ende; for and that vertue fayle, Body and soule than are ye forlore: Wherfore, if ye folowe wyll holsom counsayle, Do for youresilfe; I can say no more.

Kynges, prynces, moste souerayne of renoune, Remembre oure maister that gone is byfore: This worlde is casual, nowe vp, nowe downe; Wherfore do for yoursilfe; I can say no more.

Amen.

_Honor tibi, Deus, gloria, et laus!_

Smerte, _maister de ses ouzeaus_.

[276] _The Epitaffe of the moste noble and valyaunt Jaspar late duke of Beddeforde_] The old ed. is a quarto, n. d. Above these words, on the title-page, is a woodcut, exhibiting the author (with a falcon on his hand) kneeling and presenting his work to the king. On the reverse of the last leaf is Pynson’s device.

If not really written by Smert (or Smart), the duke’s falconer, (see stanza 3, and the subscription at the conclusion, “_Smert, maister de ses ouzeaus_”) this curious poem was not, at all events, as the style decidedly proves, the composition of Skelton, to whom it was first attributed by Bishop Tanner.

I now print it from a transcript of the (probably unique) copy in the Pepysian library,—a transcript which appears to have been made with the greatest care and exactness; but I think right to add, that have not had an opportunity of seeing the original myself.

Jasper Tudor, second son of Owen Tudor by Katherine widow of King Henry the Fifth, was created Earl of Pembroke, in 1452, by his half-brother, King Henry the Sixth. After that monarch had been driven from the throne by Edward, Jasper was attainted, and his earldom conferred on another. He was again restored to it, when Henry had recovered the crown; but being taken prisoner at the battle of Barnet, he lost it a second time. After the battle of Bosworth, Henry the Seventh not only reinstated Jasper (his uncle) in the earldom of Pembroke, but also created him Duke of Bedford, in 1485; subsequently appointed him Lieutenant of Ireland for one year, and granted to him and his heirs male the office of Earl Marshal of England with an annuity of twenty pounds. The duke married Katherine, daughter of Richard Wydevile Earl Rivers, and widow of Henry Stafford Duke of Buckingham. He died 21st Dec. 1495, and, according to his own desire, expressed in his will, was buried in the abbey of Keynsham, where he founded a chantry for four priests to sing mass for the souls of his father, his mother, and his elder brother Edmond Earl of Richmond. He left no children except a natural daughter. See Sandford’s _Geneal. Hist._ p. 292. ed. 1707.

ELEGY ON KING HENRY THE SEVENTH.[277]

... orlde all wrapped in wretchydnes, ... hy pompes so gay and gloryous, ... easures and all thy ryches ... y be but transytoryous; ... to moche pyteous, ... e that eche man whylom dred, ... by naturall lyne and cours, ... s, alas, lyeth dede!

... ryall a kynge, ... ianer the prudent Salamon; ... sse and in euery thynge, ... 10 Crysten regyon, ... not longe agone, ... his name by fame spr[e]de; ... te nowe destytute alone, ... as, alas, lyeth dede!

... ater we wretchyd creatures, ... es and tryumphaunt maiestye, ... pastymes and pleasures, ... thouten remedye; ... o wyll the myserable bodye ... n heuy lede, ... lde but vanyte and all vanytye, ... h alas, alas, lyeth dede!

... is subgectes and make lamentacyon ... o noble a gouernoure; ... ayers make we exclamacyon, ... de to his supernall toure: ... dly rose floure, ... yally all aboute spred, ... iated where is his power? ... alas, alas, lyeth dede!

Of this moost Crysten kynge in vs it lyeth not, His tyme passed honour suffycyent to prayse; But yet though that that thyng envalue we may not, Our prayers of suertye he shall haue alwayes; And though that Atropose hathe ended his dayes, His name and fame shall euer be dred As fer as Phebus spredes his golden rayes, Though Henry the Seuenth, alas, alas, lyeth dede!

But nowe what remedye? he is vncouerable, Touchyd by the handes of God that is moost just; But yet agayne a cause moost confortable We haue, wherin of ryght reioys we must, His sone on lyue in beaute, force, and lust, In honour lykely Traianus to shede; Wherfore in hym put we our hope and trust, Syth Henry his fader, alas, alas, lyeth dede!

And nowe, for conclusyon, aboute his herse Let this be grauyd for endeles memorye, With sorowfull tunes of Thesyphenes verse; Here lyeth the puyssaunt and myghty Henry, Hector in batayll, Vlyxes in polecy, Salamon in wysdome, the noble rose rede, Creses in rychesse, Julyus in glory, Henry the Seuenth ingraued here lyeth dede!

[277] _Elegy on King Henry the Seventh_] From an imperfect broadside in the Douce Collection, now in the Bodleian Library, Oxford. This unique piece formerly belonged to Dr. Farmer, who has written on it, “Qu. the author of this Elegy? Per _J. Skelton_, tho’ not in his works?” to which Douce has added, “The Doctor is probably right in what he says concerning the Elegy on Henry the Seventh, which is a singular curiosity.”

At the top of the original is a woodcut, representing the dead king, lying on a bed or bier, crowned and holding his sceptre; on one side the royal arms, on the other the crown resting on a full-blown rose, which has the king’s initials in its centre.

Henry died April 21st, 1509: see note, p. 214.

VOX POPULI, VOX DEI.[278]

Mr. Skeltone, poete.[279]

To the Kinges moste Exellent Maiestie.[280]

I pray yow, be not wrothe For tellyng of the trothe; For this the worlde yt gothe Both to lyffe and[281] lothe, As God hymselffe he knothe;[282] And, as all men vndrestandes, Both lordeshipes[283] and landes Are nowe in fewe mens handes; Bothe substance and bandes Of all the hole realme As most men exteame, Are nowe[284] consumyd cleane From the fermour and the poore To the towne and the towre; Whiche makyth theym to lower, To see that in theire flower Ys nother malte nor meale, Bacon, beffe, nor[285] veale, Crocke mylke nor kele, But readye for to steale For very pure neade. Your comons saye indeade, Thei be not able to feade In theire stable scant a steade, To brynge vp nor to breade, Ye,[286] scant able to brynge To the marckytt eny thynge Towardes theire housekeping; And scant have a cowe, Nor[287] to kepe a poore sowe: This[288] the worlde is nowe. And[289] to heare the relacyon Of the poore mens communycacion, Vndre what sorte and fashyon Thei make theire exclamacyon, You wolde have compassion. Thus goythe theire protestacion, Sayeng that suche and suche, That of late are made riche, Have to, to, to myche By grasyng and regratinge, By poulyng and debatynge, By roulyng and by dating, By checke and checkematynge,[290] [With delays and debatynge, With cowstomes and tallynges, Forfayttes and forestallynges]; So that your comons[291] saye, Thei styll paye, paye Most willyngly allwaye, But yet thei see no staye Of this outrage araye: _Vox populi, vox Dei_; O most noble kynge, Consydre well this thynge!

2.

And thus the voyce doth multyplye Amonge[292] your graces commonaltye: Thei are in suche greate penvry[293] That thei can nother sell nor bye, Suche is theire extreame povertye; Experyence dothe yt verefye, As trothe itselffe dothe testefye. This is a marveilous myserye: And trewe thei saye, it is no lye; For grasyers and regraters, Withe to[294] many shepemasters, That of erable grounde make pastures, Are thei that be these wasters That wyll vndoo your[295] lande, Yf thei contynewe and stande, As ye shall vnderstand By this lytle boke: Yf you[296] yt overloke, And overloke agayne,[297] Yt wyll tell you playne [298] The tenour and the trothe, Howe nowe[299] the worlde yt gothe Withe my neighbour and my noste,[300] In every countre, towne, and coste, Within the circumvisions Of your graces domynyons; And why the poore men wepe For storyng of suche shepe, For that so many do[301] kepe Suche nombre and suche store As[302] never was seene before: [What wolde ye any more?] The encrease was never more. Thus goythe the voyce and rore: And truthe yt is indeade; For all men nowe do breade Which[303] can ketche any lande Out of the poore mans[304] hande; For who ys so greate a grasyer As the landlorde[305] and the laweare? For at[306] every drawing daye The bucher more must paye For his fatting ware, To be the redyare[307] Another tyme to crave, When, he more shepe wold have; And,[308] to elevate the pryce, Somewhate he must ryce Withe a sinque or a sice, So that the bucher cannot spare, Towardes his charges and his fare, To sell the very carcas bare Vnder xijˢ or a marke, [Wiche is a pytyfull werke.] Besyde the offall and the flece,[309] The flece and the fell: Thus he dothe yt sell. Alas, alas, alas, This is a pitious case! What poore man nowe is able To have meate on his table? An oxe at foure[310] pounde, Yf he be any thynge rounde, Or cum not in theire[311] grounde, Suche laboure for to waste: This ys the newe caste, The newe cast from the olde; This comon pryce thei holde; Whiche is a very ruthe, Yf men myght saye the truthe. The comons[312] thus dothe saye, They are not able to paye, But _miserere mei_:[313] _Vox populi, vox Dei_; O most noble kyng, Consydre well this thynge!

3.

Howe saye you to this, my lordes? Are not these playne recordes? Ye knowe as well as I, This[314] makes the comons crye, This makes theym crye and wepe, Myssevsing so theire shepe, Theire shepe, and eke theire beves, As yll or[315] wourse then theaves: Vnto a comonwealthe This ys a very stealthe. But you that welthe[316] this bete, You landlordes[317] that be grete, You wolde not pay so for your meate, Excepte your grasing ware so sweate, Or elles I[318] feare me I, Ye wold fynde remeadye,[319] And that[320] right shortlye. But yet this extremytie, None feles yt but the comynaltie: Alas, is there no remedye, To helpe theym of this[321] myserye? Yf there shuld come a rayne, To make a dearthe of grayne, As God may send yt playne For our covetous and disdayne, I wold knowe, among vs[322] all, What ware he[323] that shuld not fall And sorowe as he went, For Godes ponyshment? Alas, this were a plage[324] For poverties pocession, Towardes theire suppression, For the greate mens transgression! Alas, my lordes, foresee There may be remeadye! For the[325] comons saye, Thei have no more to paye: _Vox populi, vox Dei_; O most noble kyng, Consydre well this thyng!

4.

And yet not long agoo Was preachers on or twoo, That spake yt playne inowe To you, to you, and to you, Hygh tyme for to repent[326] This dyvelishe entent [Of covitis the convente]: From Scotland into Kent This preaching was bysprent; And from the easte frount Vnto Saynct Myghelles Mount, This sayeng[327] dyd surmount Abrode to all mens eares, And to your graces peeres, That from piller vnto[328] post The powr man he[329] was tost; I meane the labouring man, I meane the husbandman, I meane the ploughman, I meane the[330] playne true man, I meane the handecrafteman, I meane the victualing[331] man, Also[332] the good yeman, That some tyme in this realme Had plentye of kye and creame, [Butter, egges, and chesse, Hony, vax, and besse]: But now, alacke, alacke, All theise men goo to wracke, That are the bodye and the[333] staye Of your graces realme allwaye! Allwaye and at leinghe Thei must be your streinghe, Your streinghe and your teme, For to defende your realme. Then yf theise men appall, And lacke when you do call, Which way may you or shall Resist your enemyes all, That over raging streames Will vade[334] from forreyn reames? For me to make judiciall, This matter is to mystycall; Judge you, my lordes, for me you shall, Yours ys the charge that governes all; For _vox populi_ me thei call, That makith but reherssall _De parvo_,[335] but not _de_ totall, _De locis_, but not locall: Therfore you must not blame The wight that wrot the same; For the comons[336] of this land Have[337] sowen this in theire sande, Plowing yt withe theire hande; I founde it wheare I stande; And I am but the hayne[338] That wryttes yt newe[339] agayne, The coppye for to see, That also learneth me To take therby good hede My shepe howe for to fede; For I a shepherd am, A sorye poore man; Yet wolde I wyshe, my lordes, This myght be[340] your recordes, And make of yt no dreame, For yt ys a worthy realme, A realme that in tymes past Hath made the prowdest[341] agast. Therfore,[342] my lordes all, Note this in especiall, And have it in memoryall [With youre wysse vnyversall, That nether faver nor effection, Yowe grawnt youre protection To suche as hath[343] by election Shall rewle by erection, And doth gett the perfection Of the powre menes refection; Wiche ys a grett innormyte Vnto youre grasys commynalte; For thay that of latt did supe Owtt of an aschyn cuppe, Are wonderfully sprowng vpe; That nowght was worth of latt, Hath now a cubborde of platt, His tabell furnyscheyd tooe, With platt besett inowe, Persell gylte and sownde, Well worth towo thousand pounde. With castinge cownteres and ther pen, Thes are the vpstart gentylmen; Thes are thay that dewowre All the goodes of the pawre, And makes them dotysche davys, Vnder the cowler of the kenges lawys. And yett annother[344] decaye To youre grasys seetes alwaye; For the statte of all youre marchantmen Vndo most parte of youre gentyllmen, And wrape them in suche bandes That thay haue halle ther landes, And payeth but halfe in hande, Tyll thay more vnderstownde Of the profett of there lande, And for the other halfe He shalbe mayd a calfe, Excepte he haue gud frendes Wiche well cane waye bothe endes; And yet with frendes tooe He shall haue mvche to doe; Wiche ys a grett innormyte To youre grasys regallyte. Lett marchantmen goe sayle For that ys ther trwe waylle; For of one c. ye haue not ten That now be marchantes ventring men, That occupi grett inawnderes, Forther then into Flanderes, Flawnderes or into France, For fere of some myschance, But lyeth at home, and standes By morgage and purchasse of landes Owtt of all gentyllmenes handes, Wiche showld serve alwaye your grace With horse and men in chasse; Wiche ys a grett dewowre Vnto youre regall pawre. What presydente cane thay shewe, That fowre skore yeres agooe, That[345] any marchant here, Above all charges clere, In landes myght lett to hyre To thowsant markes by yere? Other where shall ye fynde A gentyllman by kynde, But that thay wyll ly in the wynde, To breng hyme fer behynde, Or elles thay wyll haue all, Yf nedes thay hyme[346] forstall? Wiche ys the hole decaye Of your marchantmen, I saye, And hynderes youre grasys costome By the yere a thowsant pawnde, And so marryth, the more petye, The comonwelth of yche sytte, And vndoth the cowntre, As prosse [?] doth make propertie; This matter most spesyally Wolde be loked one quiclye. Yett for ther recreation, In pastime and procreation, _In tempore necessitatis_, I wysche thay myght haue grattis Lysens to compownde, To purchasse fortie pownde Or fyfte at the moste, By fyne or wrytte of post; And yf any marchantman, To lyve his occupieng then, Wolde purchasse any more, Lett hyme forfett it therfore. Then showld ye se the trade That marchantmen frist mayde, Whyche wysse men dyd marshall, For a welth vnyversall, Yche man this lawe to lerne, And trewly his goodes to yerne,[347] The landlord with his terme, The plowghtman with his ferme, The kneght wyth his fare, The marchant with his ware, Then showld increse the helth Of yche comonwelthe], And be not withe me wrothe[348] For tellyng you[349] the trothe; For I do heare yt everye daye, How the comons thus do saye, Yf thei hadde yt, thei wold paye: _Vox populi, vox Dei_; O most noble kyng, Consydre well this thyng!

5.

But, howe, Robyn, howe! Whiche waye dothe the wynde blowe? Herke! hercke! hercke! Ys not here[350] a pytious werke, The grounde and the cheiffe[351] Of all this hole[352] myscheiffe? For our covetous lordes Dothe mynde no nother[353] recordes, But framyng fynes for fermes, Withe to myche, as some termes, Withe rentes and remaynders, Withe surveye and surrenders, Withe comons and comon ingenders, Withe inclosyers and extenders, Withe horde vp, but no spenders; For a comonwealthe Whiche[354] is a verye stealthe. Prove it who shall To make therof tryall, Thus goithe theire dyall: I knowe not whates[355] a clocke, But by the countre cocke, The mone[356] nor yet the pryme, Vntyll the sonne do shyne; Or els I coulde tell Howe all thynges shulde be well. The compas may stand awrye, But the carde wyll not lye: Hale in your mayne shete,[357] This tempest is to grete. [For pawre men dayly sees How officers[358] takes their fees, Summe yll, and some yet worse, As good right as to pike there purse: Deservethe this not Godes curse? There consyenes ys sooe grett, Thaye fere not to dischare,[359] Yf it were as moche more, Soe thay maye haue the stowre. Thus is oure we[l]the vndone By synguler commodome; For we are in dyvision, Bothe for reght and religion; And, as some[360] saythe, We stagger in our faythe: But excepte in shortt tyme We drawe by one lyne, And agre with one accorde, Bothe the plowghman and the lorde, We shall sore rewe That ever this statte we knewe.] The comons so do[361] saye, Yf thei had yt, thei wold paye: _Vox populi,[362] vox Dei_; O most noble kyng, Consydre well this thynge!

6.

Thus runnes this[363] rumour about Amongest the hole route; Thei can not bryng aboute How this thyng[364] shuld be, Yt hathe suche high degree: The coyne yt is so scante, That every man dothe wante, And some thincke not so scace,[365] But even as myche to base. Our[366] merchauntmen do saye, Thei fynde it day by daye To be a matter straunge, When thei shulde make exchaunge On the other side the sea, Thei are dryven to theire plea; For where oure pounde somtyme Was better then theires by nyne, Nowe ours, when yt comes[367] forthe, No better then theires is worthe, No, nor scant soo good; Thei saye so, by the roode. How maye the merchauntman Be able to occupye than, Excepte, when he comes heare, He sell his ware to deare? He neades must have a lyveng, Or elles, fye on hys[368] wynneng! This coyne by alteracion Hathe brought this desolacyon, Whiche is not yet all knowen What myscheiffe it hathe sowen. Thei saye, Woo worthe that man That first that coyne began, To put in any hedde The mynde to suche a rede, To come to suche a hiere For covetous desyre! I knowe not what it meanethe; But this thei saye and deamythe,[369] _Væ illi[370] per quem scandalum venit!_ For[371] this wyll axe greate payne Before it be well agayne, Greate payne and sore To make it as it was[372] before. The[373] comons thus do saye, Yf thei hadde yt, thei would paye: _Vox populi, vox Dei_; O most noble kynge, Consydre well this thinge!

7.

This matter is to trewe, That many man[374] dothe rewe Theise sorowes doo ensue; For poore men thei doo crye, And saye it is awrye; Thei saye thei can not be herde, But styll from daye defferde, When thei have any sute, Thei maye goo blowe theire flute: This[375] goithe the comon brute. The riche man wyll come in; For he is sure to wynne, For he can make his waye, With hande in hande to paye, Bothe to thicke and thynne;[376] Or els to knowe theire[377] pleasure, My lorde is not at leysure;[378] The poore man at the durre Standes lyke an Island curre, And dares not ons to sturre,[379] Excepte he goo his waye, And come another daye; And then the matter is made, That the poore man with his spade Must no more his farme invade, But must vse[380] some other trade; For yt is so agreed That my ladye mesteres Mede[381] Shall hym expulce with all spede, And our master the landlorde Shall have yt all at his accorde, His house and farme agayne, To make therof his vttermost[382] gayne; For his vantage wylbe more, With shepe and cattell it to store, And not to ploughe his grounde no more, Excepte the fermour wyll aryere The rent hyere by a hole yeare: Yet must he have a fyne too, The bargayne he may better[383] knowe; Which makes[384] the marcket now so deare That there be fewe that makes good cheare; For the fermour must sell his goose, As he may be able to paye for his house, Or els, for non[385] payeng the rent, Avoyde at our Lady daye in Lent: Thus the poore man shalbe shent; And then he and his wyffe, With theire children, all theire lyffe, Doth crye oute and ban Vpon this covetous[386] man. I sweare by God omnypotent, I feare me[387] that this presedent Wyll make vs all for to be[388] shent. Trowe you, my lordes that be, That God dothe not see This riche mans charitie _Per speculum ænigmatæ_?[389] Yes, yes, you riche lordes, Yt is wrytten in Cristes recordes, That Dives laye in the fyere With Belsabub his sire, And Pauper he above satte In the seate of Habrahams lappe, And was taken from thys Troye, To lyve allwaye with God in ioye. The[390] comons thus do saye, Yf thei had yt, thei wold paye: _Vox populi, vox Dei;_ O most noble kyng, Consydre well this thynge!

8.

The prayse no les is worthe, Godes worde is well sett forthe: Yt never was more preached, Nor never so playnlye teached; Yt never was so hallowed, Nor never so lytle followed Bothe of highe and lowe, As many a man dothe trowe;[391] For this ys a[392] playne perscripcion, We have banyshed superstycion, But styll we kepe ambycion; We have sent awaye all cloysterers,[393] But styll we kepe extorcyoners; We have taken theire landes for theire abuse, But we convert[394] theym to a wourse vse. Yf this tale be no lye, My lordes, this goythe awrye; Awrye, awrye ye goo, With many thinges moo, Quyte from the highe[395] waye. The comons thus do saye, Yff thei hadd yt, thei wold paye: _Vox populi, vox Dei_; O most noble kyng, Consydre well this thinge!

9.

Off[396] all this sequell The faute I can not tell: Put you together and spell, My lordes of the councell. I feare all be not well, Ambycion so dothe swell, As gothe[397] by reporte, Amonge [398] the greatest sorte; A wonderfull sorte of selles,[399] That _vox populi_ telles,[400] Of those bottomlesse welles,[401] That are este, weast, and so furthe, Bothe by southe, and also northe, Withe riche, riche, and riche, Withe riche, and to myche, The poore men to begyle, Withe sacke and packe to fyle,[402] [With suche as we compownd For an offys ij thowsant pownde: Howe maye suche men do reght, Youre pawre men to requytt Owtt of there trowbell and payne, But thay most gett it agayne By craft or such coarsyon, By bryberey and playne exstorsyon?] With many ferrelys moo, That I could truly shewe: There never was suche myserye, Nor never so myche vserye. The comons so[403] do saye, Yf we had ytt, we[404] wold paye: _Vox populi, vox Dei_; O most noble kynge, Consydre well this thynge!

10.[405]

And thus this ile of Brutes, Most plentyfull of frutes, Ys sodenlye decayede; Poore men allmost dysmayde, Thei are so overlayed: I feare and am afrayde Of the stroke of God, Whiche ys a perelous rodde. Praye, praye, praye, We never se that daye; For yf that daye do come, We shall dyssever and ronne, The father agaynst the sonne, And one agaynst another. By Godes blessed[406] mother, Or thei begynne to hugger, For Godes sake looke aboute, And staye betymes this route, For feare thei doo come oute. I put you out of doubte, There ys no greate trust, Yf trothe shuld be discuste: Therfore, my lordes, take heade That this gere do not brede At[407] chesse to playe a mate, For then yt is to late: We may well prove a checke, But thei wyll have the neke;[408] Yt is not to be wondered, For thei are not to be nombred. This the poore men saye,[409] Yf thei hadde yt, thei wolde paye: _Vox populi, vox Dei_; O most noble kyng, Consydre well this thinge!

11.[410]

Yt is not one alone That this[411] dothe gronte and grone, And make[412] this pytyous mone; For yt is more then wonder, To heare the infynyte nombre Of poore men that dothe[413] shewe By reason yt must be soo. Thei wishe and do coniector[414] That my lordes grace and protector, That cheiffe is nowe erector And formost of the rynge, Vnder our noble kynge, That he wold se redresse Of this moste greate excesse, For yt stondes[415] on hym no lesse; For he is calde doubteles A man of greate prowesse, And so dothe beare the fame, And dothe desyre the same; His mynde thei saye is good, Yf all wold followe his moode. Nowe for to sett the frame, To kepe styll this good name, He must delaye all excuses, And ponnyshe these greate abuses Of these fynes and newe vses, That have so many muses; And first and pryncipallye Suppresse this shamfull[416] vsurye, Comonlye called husbondrye; For[417] yf there be no remeadye In tyme and that right shortlye, Yt wyll breade to a pluresye, Whiche is a greate innormytie To all the kynges[418] comynaltye; For there is no smale nombre That[419] this faute dothe incombre: Yt is a wordly wondre.[420] The comons[421] thus do saye, Yf thei had yt, thei wolde paye: _Vox populi, vox Dei_; O most noble kyng, Consydre well this thynge!

12.[422]

Nowe, at your graces leysour, Yf you wyll see the seisor Of all the cheffe treasure, Heapyd without measure, Of the substance of your realme, As yt were in a dreame, I wyll make an esteame, In the handes of a fewe, The trothe you to showe, Howe[423] this matter dothe goo; For I wyll not spare The trothe to declare; For trothe trulye ment Was never yet shent, Nor never shent shalbe; Note this text of me, Yt may a[424] tyme be framed For feare some shuld be blamed, But yt wyll not be shamed; Yt is of suche a streinghe, Yt wyll overcome at leinghe. Yff nowe I shall not fayne, The trothe to tell you playne Of all[425] those that do holde The substance and the[426] golde And the treasure of this realme;[427] And shortlye to call, Allmost thei have all; Att least thei have the[428] trade Of all[429] that may be made: And fyrst[430] to declare By[431] a bryeffe what thei are, To make shorte rehersall, As well spyrytuall as temporall; The laweare and the landelorde,[432] The greate reave and the recorde,— The recorde I meane is he That hathe office or els ffee, To serve our noble kyng In his accomptes or[433] recknyng Of his treasure surmonttynge,— Lorde chauncellour and chauncellours, Masters of myntes and monyers, Secondaryes and surveyours, Auditors and receivours, Customers and comptrollers, Purvyours and prollers, Marchauntes of greate sailes, With the master[434] of woodsales, With grasyers and regraters, With Master Williams of shepe masters, And suche lyke comonwelthe[435] wasters, That of erable groundes make[436] pasters, [And payemasters suche as bythe[437] With Trappes your golden smythe,] With iij or iiij greate clothiars, And the hole lybell of lawyars: Withe theise and theire trayne, To be bryeffe and playne, Of theire to, to myche[438] gayne That thei take for theire payne, Yt is knowen by ceirten sterres[439] That thei may[440] mayntayne your graces warres By space[441] of a hole yeare, Be yt good chepe or deare, Thoughe[442] we shulde withstande Both Fraunce and Scotlande, And yet to leave ynough Of money, ware, and stuffe, Both in cattell and corne, To more then thei were borne, By patrymonye or bloode To enherytte so myche goode. By cause thei be so base, Thei wylbe neadye and scase;[443] For _quod natura dedit_ From gentle blode them[444] ledyth; And to force a chorlishe best _Nemo attollere potest_: Yet rather then thei wold goo before, Thei wolde helpe your grace with somwhat more, For thei be they[445] that have the store; Those be they wyll[446] warraunt ye, Though you toke[447] never a penye Of your poore comynaltie. This is trewe vndoubtelye; I dare affyrme it certeynlye; For yf this world do holde, Of force you must be bolde To borowe theire fyne golde; For thei have all[448] the store; For[449] your comons have no more; Ye may it call to lyght, For yt is your awne right, Yf that your grace have neade: Beleve this as your Creade. The poore men so[450] do saye, Yf thei had yt, thei wold paye With a better wyll then thei: _Vox populi, vox Dei_; O most noble kyng, Consyder well this thynge!

13.[451]

O worthiest protectour, Be herin corrector! And you, my lordes all, Let not your honor appall, But knocke betymes and call For theise greate vsurers all; Ye knowe the pryncypall: What neadith[452] more rehersall? Yf you do not redresse By tyme[453] this coveteousnes, My hed I hold and gage[454], There wylbe greate outrage; Suche rage as never was seene In any olde mans tyme. Also for this perplexyte,[455] Of these that are most welthye, Yt ware a deade of charyte To helpe theym of this[456] pluresie: Yt comes by suche greate fyttes That it takes awaye[457] theire wyttes, Bothe[458] in theire treasure tellynge[459], Or els in byeng and sellynge. Yf thei of this weare eased, Your grace shuld be well pleased, And thei but lytle deseased Of this covetous dropsye, That brynges theym to thys pluresie, Bothe the pluresye and goute[460], Vncurable to be holpe [out], Excepte your grace for pytie Provyde this foresaid remeadye; As doctors holde opynyon, Both Ambros and Tertulian, Withe the Swepestake and the Mynyon, The Herte and[461] the Swallowe, And all the rest that followe, Withe[462] the Gallye and the Roo That so swyffte do[463] goo, Goo, and that apase, By the Henry[464] Grace, The Herrye and the Edwarde,[465]— God sende theym all well forwarde, Withe all the hole fleete! Whose councell complete Saithe it is full mete That greate heddes and dyscreate Shulde loke well to theire feate. Amen, I saye, so be ytt! As all your comons praye For your long healthe allwaye.[466] Yf thei hadde yt, thei wold paye [With a better wyll then thay]: _Vox populi, vox Dei_, Thus dothe wrytte, and thus doth saye, With this psalme, _Miserere mei_; O most noble kyng, Consyder well this thynge!

ffinis quothe Mr. Skelton, Poete Lawriate.[467]

[278] _Vox Populi, Vox Dei_] From _MS. 2567_ in the Cambridge Public Library, collated with _MS. Harl._ 367. fol. 130. The latter, though it contains a very considerable number of lines which are not found in the former, and which I have placed between brackets, is on the whole the inferior MS., its text being greatly disfigured by provincialisms.

This poem, which is assigned to Skelton only in the Cambridge MS., was evidently composed by some very clumsy imitator of his style. The subject, however, renders it far from uninteresting.

[279] _Mr. Skeltone, poete_] Not in _MS. Harl._

[280] _To the Kinges moste Exellent Maiestie_] So _MS. Harl._ Not in _MS. C._

[281] _and_] _MS. Harl._ “_and_ to.”

[282] _knothe_] So _MS. Harl.—MS. C._ “knoweth.”

[283] _lordeshipes_] So _MS. Harl._—_MS. C._ “lordshippe.”

[284]

_As most men, &c._ _Are nowe, &c._

Transposed in _MS. Harl._

[285] _nor_] So _MS. Harl._—_MS. C._ “or.”

[286] _Ye_] _M.S. Harl._ “Nor.”

[287] _Nor_] So _MS. Harl._—Omitted in _MS. C._—(“_to kepe_” is governed by the preceding “_able_.”)

[288] _This_] _MS. Harl._ “Thus.” (But see note, p. 86.)

[289] _And_] So _MS. Harl._—Omitted in _MS. C._

[290] _matynge_] So _MS. Harl._—_MS. C._ “making.”

[291] _comons_] _MS. Harl._ “poormen.”

[292] _Amonge_] _MS. Harl._ “Amownges.”

[293] _penvry_] So _MS. Harl._—_MS. C._ “povertye” (which ends the next line but one).

[294] _to_] _MS. Harl._ “soe.”

[295] _your_] _MS. Harl._ “this.”

[296] _you_] _MS. Harl._ “youre grace.”

[297] _agayne_] _MS. Harl._ “it _agayne_.”

[298] _playne_] _MS. Harl._ “soo _playne_.”

[299] _Howe nowe, &c._] _MS. Harl._ “_Howe_ this _warld now gowthe_.”

[300] _my noste_] i. e. mine host.

[301] _do_] Not in _MS. Harl._

[302] _As_] _MS. Harl._ “And.”

[303] _Which_] _MS. Harl._ “That.”

[304] _mans_] _MS. Harl._ “menes.”

[305] _landlorde_] _MS. Harl._ “lorde.”

[306] _at_] Not in _MS. Harl._

[307] _To be in the redyare_] _MS. Harl_. “And _to be the_ more _redyer_.”

[308] _And_] So _MS. Harl._—Not in _MS. C._

[309] _the flece_] A line, which rhymed with this, has dropt out.

[310] _foure_] _MS. Harl._ “fyve.”

[311] _Or cum not in theire_] _MS. Harl._ “_Or_ elles _come not in_ the.”

[312] _The comons, &c._] _MS. Harl._

“Youre poormen _thus_ doo _saye_ Yf _thaye_ haue it thows thay _paye_.”

[313] _But miserere mei_] Not in _MS. Harl._

[314] _This_] _MS. Harl._ “Thus.”

[315] _or_] _MS. Harl._ “and.”

[316] _welthe_] _MS. Harl._ “wyll.”

[317] _landlordes_] _MS. Harl._ “lordes.”

[318] _I_] Not in _MS. Harl._

[319] _Ye wold fynde remeadye_] _MS. Harl._ “_Yowe fynde_ some _remedy_.”

[320] _And that, &c._] In _MS. Harl._ is written, in a later hand, at the beginning of this line, and as part of it, “In tyme.”

[321] _This_] _MS. Harl._ “there.”

[322] _among vs_] _MS. Harl._ “amownges.”

[323] _ware he_] _MS. Harl._ “_he where_.”

[324] _plage_] A line wanting to rhyme with this.

[325] _the_] _MS. Harl._ “youre powre.”

[326] _Hygh tyme for to repent_] Altered in _MS. Harl._ by a later hand from “That it was reght _tyme to repente_.”

[327] _This sayeng_] So _MS. Harl._—_MS. C._ “Theise sayenges.”

[328] _vnto_] _MS. Harl._ “to.”

[329] _powr man he_] So _MS. Harl.—MS. C_. “povertye.”

[330] _I meane the, &c._] _MS. Harl._ omits this line.

[331] _victualing_] _MS. Harl._ “vylyng.”

[332] _Also_] _MS. Harl._ “And _also_.”

[333] _the_] Not in _MS. Harl._

[334] _vade_] _MS. Harl._ “wadde.”

[335] _parvo_] _MS. C._ “paruie.” _MS. Harl._ “parvū.” Qy. “parvis?”

[336] _comons_] _MS. Harl._ “poremen,”—altered in a later hand from “commenes.”

[337] _Have_] _MS. Harl._ “Hath.”

[338] _hayne_] So _MS. Harl._—_MS. C._ “hande.”

[339] _wryttes yt newe_] _MS. Harl._ “wrythe _new_.”

[340] _be_] So _MS. Harl._—_MS. C._ “by.”

[341] _prowdest_] _MS. Harl._ “prowdes.”

[342] _Therfore_] _MS. Harl._ “And now.”

[343] _To suche as hath, &c._] There appears to be some corruption here.

[344] _annother_] MS. “and nother.”

[345] _That_] Qy. _dele_?

[346] _hyme_] _MS._ “hyne.”

[347] _yerne_] _MS._ “ywre.”

[348] _And be not withe me wrothe_] _MS. Harl._ “Therfore _be not_ yow _wrothe_.”

[349] _you_] _MS. Harl._ “of.”

[350] _here_] _MS. Harl._ “this.”

[351] _cheiffe_] _MS. Harl._ “pithe.”

[352] _hole_] Not in _MS. Harl._

[353] _no nother_] i. e. none other. _MS. Harl._ “_noe_ other.”

[354] _Whiche_] _MS. Harl._ “This.”

[355] _whates_] _MS. Harl._ “what.”

[356] _mone_] So both _MSS._ But qy. “none?”

[357] _mayne shete_] In _MS. Harl._ is altered by a later hand from “graett shepe.”

[358] _How officers, &c._] This line is added by a later hand.

[359] _dischare_] There is some error here; and perhaps a line or more has dropt out.

[360] _And, as some, &c._] This line and the next added by a later hand.

[361] _so do_] _MS. Harl._ “thus doth.”

[362] _Vox populi, &c._] This line in _MS. Harl._ is added by a later hand.

[363] _this_] _MS. Harl._ “the.”

[364] _How this thyng, &c._] This line omitted in _MS. Harl._

[365] _scace_] _MS Harl._ “skarese.”

[366] _Our_] _MS. Harl._ “Your.”

[367] _comes_] _MS. Harl._ “commythe.”

[368] _hys_] _MS. Harl._ “the.”

[369] _this ... deamythe_] _MS. Harl._ “thus ... dremethe.”

[370] _illi_] Both _MSS._ “ille.”

[371] _For_] _MS. Harl._ “But.”

[372] _it as it was_] _MS. Harl._ “this _as was_.”

[373] _The_] _MS. Harl._ “Youre.”

[374] _man_] _MS. Harl._ “a _man_.”

[375] _This_] _MS. Harl._ “Thus.” (But see note, p. 86.)

[376] _thynne_] A line, or perhaps more, has dropt out here.

[377] _theire_] _MS. Harl._ “the.”

[378] _My lorde is not at leysure_] A line borrowed from Skelton’s _Why come ye nat to Courte_, v. 622 vol. ii. 46.

[379] _dares not ons to sturre_] _MS. Harl._ “darre _not ones sture_.”

[380] _must vse_] _MS. Harl._ “_most_ gowe _vse_.”

[381] _mesteres Mede_] The writer, perhaps, recollected that Skelton had mentioned “mayden Meed” in _Ware the Hauke_, v. 149. vol. i. 160.

[382] _vttermost_] _MS. Harl._ “vttmost.”

[383] _better_] _MS. Harl._ “the” (the scribe having omitted “better” by mistake).

[384] _makes_] _MS. Harl._ “maketh.”

[385] _non_] So _MS. Harl._—_MS. C._ “now.”

[386] _this covetous_] _MS. Harl._ “_this_ corsede _covitys_”.

[387] _me_] Not in _MS. Harl._

[388] _be_] Not in _MS. Harl._

[389] _Per speculum ænigmatæ_] This line in _MS. C._ is added by a different hand; and in _MS. Harl._ it is one of the various additions by a later hand: “_ænigmatæ_” (written in both _MSS._ “inigmatæ”) must have been used for the sake of the rhyme.

[390] _The_] _MS. Harl._ “Yowr.”

[391] _trowe_] _MS. Harl._ “knowe.”

[392] _a_] Not in _MS. Harl._

[393] _sent ... cloysterers_] _MS. Harl._ “showtt ... cloystres.”

[394] _convert_] _MS. Harl._ “haue convertyd.”

[395] _the highe_] _MS. Harl._ “_the_ kenges _hy_.”

[396] _Off_] _MS. Harl._ “And _of_.”

[397] _gothe_] _MS. Harl._ “it _gothe_.”

[398] _Amonge_] _MS. Harl._ “Amownges.”

[399] _selles_] _MS. Harl._ seems to have “sylkes.”

[400] _telles_] _MS. Harl._ “tyltis.”

[401] _those ... welles_] _MS. Harl._ “thes ... weltes.”

[402] _fyle_] So _MS. Harl._—_MS. C._ “fylde.”

[403] _The commons so_] _MS. Harl._ “Yowr powr men thus.”

[404] _we ... we_] _MS. Harl._ “thay ... thay.”

[405] _10_] Not in _MS. Harl._

[406] _blessed_] So _MS. Harl._—_MS. C._ “blest.”

[407] _At_] So _MS. Harl._—_MS. C._ “A.”

[408] _thei wyll have the neke_] _MS. Harl._ “we shall _haue the_ werke.”

[409] _This the poore men saye, &c._] This and the next four lines omitted in _MS. Harl._

[410] _11_] Not in _MS. Harl._

[411] _this_] _MS. Harl._ “thus.” (But see note, p. 86.)

[412] _make_] _MS. Harl._ “makethe.”

[413] _dothe_] _MS. Harl._ “doo.”

[414] _coniector_] _MS. Harl._ “conuector.”

[415] _For yt stondes, &c._] This line not in _MS. Harl._

[416] _shamfull_] So _MS. Harl._—Not in _MS. C._

[417] _For_] _MS. Harl._ “So.”

[418] _the kynges_] _MS. Harl._ “youre grasis.”

[419] _That_] _MS. Harl._ “But _that_.”

[420] _Yt is a wordly wondr._] Not in _MS. Harl._

[421] _The commons_] _MS. Harl._ “Youre powre men.”

[422] _12_] _MS. Harl._ “10.”

[423] _Howe_] So _MS. Harl._—Omitted in _MS. C._

[424] _Yt may a_] _MS. Harl._ “Yf _a_.”

[425] _all_] Not in _MS. Harl._

[426] _the_] So _MS. Harl._—Not in _MS. C._

[427] _realme_] A line wanting, to rhyme with this.

[428] _the_] So _MS. Harl._—Not in _MS. C._

[429] _all_] So _MS. Harl._—_MS. C._ “that.”

[430] _fyrst_] _MS. Harl._ “frist.”

[431] _By_] Not in _MS. Harl._

[432] _laweare ... landelorde_] _MS. Harl._ “laweres ... lawlorde.”

[433] _or_] _MS. Harl._ “and.”

[434] _master_] _MS. Harl._ “maisteres:” but perhaps some particular individual is alluded to; compare the second line after.

[435] _comonwelthe_] _MS. Harl._ “commen.”

[436] _groundes make_] _MS. Harl._ “grownd makes.”

[437] _And payemasters, &c._] These two lines added in _MS. Harl._ by a later hand.

[438] _to, to myche_] _MS. Harl._ “_to myche_.”

[439] _sterres_] _MS. Harl._ “stowrys.”

[440] _may_] Not in _MS. Harl._

[441] _By space_] _MS. Harl._ “_By_ the _space_.”

[442] _Thoughe_] _MS. Harl._ “Ye thowght.”

[443] _scase_] _MS. Harl._ “skarsse.”

[444] _them_] _MS. Harl._ “they.”

[445] _they_] _MS. Harl._ “thosse.”

[446] _wyll_] _MS. Harl._ “I _wyll_.”

[447] _toke_] _MS. Harl._ “take.”

[448] _all_] Not in _MS. Harl._

[449] _For_] Not in _MS. Harl._

[450] _so_] Not in _MS. Harl._

[451] _13_] _MS. Harl._ “11.”

[452] _neadith_] _MS. Harl._ “nedes.”

[453] _By tyme_] _MS. Harl._ “Be tymes.”

[454] _I hold and gage_] _MS. Harl._ “_I_ wold to _gage_.”

[455] _perplexyte_] In writing this word with a contraction, the transcriber of _MS. C._ has omitted the second _p_.

[456] _this_] _MS. Harl._ “ther.”

[457] _awaye_] _MS. Harl._ “waye.”

[458] _Bothe_] So _MS. Harl._—_MS. C._ “But.”

[459] _treasure tellynge_] _MS. Harl._ “_tresure_ and _tellyng_.”

[460] _and goute_] _MS. Harl._ “_and_ the _gowt_.”

[461] _The Herte and, &c._] This line and the next omitted in _MS. Harl._

[462] _Withe_] Not in _MS. Harl._

[463] _do_] _MS. Harl._ “dothe.”

[464] _Henry_] _MS. Harl._ “Herry.”

[465] _Edwarde_] So _MS Harl.—MS. C._ “Ewarde.”

[466] _allwaye_] _MS. Harl._ “awaye.”

[467] _ffinis quothe Mr. Skelton, Poete Lawriate_] Instead of these words, _MS. Harl._ has,

“God saue the kenge Finis quod vox populi vox dei.”

THE IMAGE OF IPOCRYSY.[468]

Vpon.... Of the cruell clergy[?], And the proude prelacy[?], That now do looke so hie, As though that by and by They wold clymbe and fflye Vp to the clowdy skye:[469] Wher all men may espye, By fals hipocrysye Thei long haue blered the eye Of all the world well nye; Comytting apostacie Against that verytye That thei can not denye: In which how shamlessly They do ... and aye Ther concyens testyfye The poppe[?].... Curte[?].... The rest of B ... markes, That be heresyarkes, Which do com[yt?] ther warkes, As one that in the darke ys, And wotes not wher the marke ys, Do take the kites for larkes. Suche be owr primates, Our bisshopps and prelates, Our parsons and curates,[470] With other like estates That were shaven pates; As monkes white and blacke, And channons that cane chatte, Glottons[471] ffayre and fatt, With ffriers of the sacke, And brothers of the bagg, As nymble as a nagg, That cane bothe prate and bragg, To make the pulpett wagge With twenty thousand lyes, Do make the blind eate flyes, And[472] blere our symple eyes, To make vs to beleve God morowe is god eve; For pleynly to be breve, So nye they do vs dreve, That we, to our great greve, Must sey that white is blacke, Or elles they sey we smacke, And smell we wote not what: But then beware the catt; For yf they smell a ratt, They grisely chide and chatt, And, Haue him[473] by the jack, A fagott for his backe, Or, Take[474] him to the racke, And drowne hyme in a sacke, Or burne hyme on a stake! Lo, thus they vndertake The trothe false to make! Alas, for Christ his sake! Is the sonnelight darke, Or ignoraunc[e] a clarke, Bycawse that thei hath powre To send men to the Towre, The simple to devowre? If they lyst to lowre, Ys suger therfor sowre? Dothe[475] five and three make ffour? As well I durst be bolde To sey the ffier were colde. But yet they worke muche worse, When they for blissinge cowrse; For Father Friska jolly, And _Pater_ Pecke a lolly, That be all full of folly, Doo[476] fayne them seem[477] holy, For ther monopoly, And ther private welthe, That they haue take by stelthe; And in the churche they lurke, As ill as any Turke, So proudely they vsurpe, Besyde the spritt of Christ, The office of a pryste In any wise to take, As thoughe it were a iape, To runne in att the rove;[478] For some of them do prove[479] To clyme vpp ere they knowe The doore from the wyndowe; They may not stoope alowe, But backe bend as a bowe; They make an owtwarde showe, And so forthe one a rowe, As dapper as a crowe, And perte as any pye, And lighte as any ffly. At borde and at table They be full servysable, Sober and demure, Acquayntans to allure, Wher they may be sure[480] By any craft or trayne To fyshe for any gayne,[481] Or wayt for any wynnyng,— A prestly begynnynge! For many a hyerlinge, With a wilde fyerlinge, Whan his credyte is most, With mikell brag and bost Shall pryck[482] owt as a post, Chafyng[483] lyke myne hoste, As hott as any toste, And ride from cost to cost, And then[484] shall rule the rost. And some avaunced be For ther auncente, Thoughe[485] ther antiquitye Be all innequitye; Yett be they called To the charge of the fald, Because they be balled, And be for bisshopps stalled. And some kepe ther stations In owtwarde straunge natyons, Lernynge invocatyons, And craftye incantatyons; And so by inchantement Gette theyr avauncement. And some by fayned favour For honour or for havour, By voyses boughte and solde, For sylver and for golde, For lande, for rente or ffee, Or by authoritye Of menn of hye degree, Or for some qualitye, As many of them bee, For ther actyvitee, Ther practyse and industrye, Sleyght, craft, and knavery, In matters of bawdery, Or by helpe of kynne, An easy liffe to wynne. I swere by Saincte Mary, He that thus dothe cary Is a mercenary, Yea, a sangunary, A pastore for to pull Of bothe skynne and wolle. Thoughe Christ be the doer, They force not of his looer, They sett therby no stoore; Ther stody is for moore: And I tell youe therfore That they ther tyme temper With a provisoo _semper_ An other wey to enter, For love of wordely good, Not forcinge of the fflode Of hyme that bledd the roode; It is not for ther moode. They make deambulacyons With great ostentations, And loke for salutations On every mannes face, As in the merkett place To saye, God saue your grace! Thus in churche and chepinge, Wher they may haue metinge With lordes and with ladyes, To be called Rabyes: Nowe God saue these dadyes, And all ther yonge babyes! The holy worde of God Is by these men forbod; _Pater noster_ and Creede They vtterly forbeede To be said or songe In our vulgar tonge. Ohe Lorde, thou hast great wronge Of these that shoulde be trustye, Whiche sey the breade is musty, And with ther lawe vnlusty Make it rusty and dusty! But I do thinke it rustye For lacke of exercyse: Wherfore they be vnwise That will the lawe despise, And daylye newe devyse, So dyvers and so straunge, Which[486] chaunge and rechaunge Of fastinges and of feestes, Of bowes[487] and behestes, With many of ther[488] iestes, As thoughe lay men wer bestes; As many of vs bee, That may and will not see, Nor ones cast vpp an eye, These jugglinges to espye; For this that nowe is vsed Is efte ageyne refused, Chaunged or mysvsed, That we be still abused: The lawe that servethe nowe, Ageyne they disalowe. Thus forthe and backe,[489] With bryve and with bull They dayly plucke and pull, And yett be never ffull; For wher one bull makes, An other bull forsakes; The thyrde yett vndertakes To alter all of newe: Thus none will other sue. Wherfore, by swete Jesu, I thinke they be vntrewe That iuggle tyme and tyme To gett thyne and myne; Yea, thoughe the worlde pynne, No man wyll they spare,[490] So they ther pelfe prefarre, The lawes to make and marre, To bynde vs nere and farre; Wherto may be no barre In peace tyme nor in warre; For none ther is that darre Replye ageyne or speake, This daunce of thers to breake; The trouthe it is so weeke: They make all men cry creake, Or fry them to a steake,— Adieu, Sir Huddypeake! Lo, Peters barge is leake, And redy for to synke! Beware yett least youe drinke; God dothe not slepe nor wynke, But sethe lande and brynke; And yf ye take the chynke, I feare me ye will stynke, And corrupt your vnctyon With an iniunctyon; Your[491] pride and presumption, In[492] abvsing your functyon, Will breade a consumtion, And make a resumption, To bringe youe to compunction; Youre[493] lawes falsely grounded, That hath the world surounded, By trouthe shalbe confounded. Thoughe ye be lordes digne, Ye shoulde no man maligne, But ever be benyngne; And namely in suche case Wher God his gyfte or grace[494] Lyst to plante or place: The poore man, or the riche, Is to his pleasure lyche; For Christ, our derest Lorde, That made the full accorde, As Scripture dothe recorde, Betwyxt God and man, Suppressynge Sattan And all his kingdom, whan[495] Vpon the holy roodd He shadd his blissed bloode, As muche for one as other, Exceptinge not his mother, Made every man his brother, As many as ther bee In faythe and charitee. But nowe by fals abvsyon, The clergy by collution, Without good conclution, Haue broughte vs to confution, And made an illution: By great inyquytie, Avaunt themselfes to be No lesse then godes, yee, Of equall authorytye; Whiche, by ipocrysye, To exalt ther dignytye, Call vs the leudd lay ffee, Men of temporalitee; But they pretend to bee A people eternall, Of powr supernall: I fere me, infernall; For they that be carnall, Idolaters to Baall, And nothinge gostely at all, Be named spirituall; For so we must them calle, As we aye do and shall, What happe soever falle. Ther successyon may not dye, But lyve eternallye; For, without question, Perpetuall succession They haue from one to other, As childer of ther mother; Yea, they kepe all in store That other hadd afore, And daylye gather more. Lo, thus the people rore, As on a fistred sore Of matter most vnpure, That thei ar dryven to indure Tyll God himself send cure! That as you be possessors, So be yee successors Vnto your predecessors: And yet ye be questors, And hoorders vppe of testers; Ye[496] daylye cache and gather Of mother and of father, And of no man rather Then of your poore brother, And of euery other; Yea, all that comes is gayne, You passe of no mans payne, Whiche ye allwey reteyne, Who ever grudge or playne, It may not out agayne; Noughte may be remitted That to youe is commytted; Ye be not so lighte witted. The people thinke it true That ye possession sue To haue an easy life, Without debate or strife, To lyve without a wife, Lordely[497] and at ease, Without payne or disease, Your belly god to please, And worldly welth to haue:[498] Ye do your heeades shave, To make youe sure and save In every wind and wave, That wolde as sone rave As ones to chippe[499] an heare So farre aboue your eare, Or suche an habite weare, With a polled heade, To fayne yourselves deade; But for possessions sake That ye suche rules take, And bynde youe to the brake, That ye maye not forsake Durynge all your lyves: So well is he that thrives. Thus be youe spirituall; And yett ye do vs call But lewde and temporall; And that is for that we So weake and simple be, To put oure possession From oure succession And heires lyniall Or kynne collaterall, That be menn temporall, And so from lyne to lyne; For ech man for his tyme Sayes, While it is myne, I will give while I maye, That, when I am away, They shall both singe and saye, And for my soules helthe pray, Tyll it be domes day: So, after this array, Alake and well away! We oure landes straye, And other goodes decay; Wherat ye laughe and play: And natheles allwey We dayly pay and pay, To haue youe to go gaye With wonderfull araye, As dysardes in a play. God wolde it were imprented, Written and indentyd, What youe haue invented! So great diversyte Nowe in your garmentes be, That wonder is to se; Your triple cappe and crowne, Curtle, cope, and gowne, More worthe then halfe a towne, With golde and perle sett, And stones well iffrett; Ther can be no bett; And for no price ye lett, How far of they be fett. Oh ye kynde of vipers, Ye beestly bellyters, With Raynes and Cipres, That haue so many miters! And yett ye be but mychers. Youe weere littell hattes, Myters, and square capps, Decked with flye flappes, With many prety knackes, Like Turkes of Tartary, Moores, or men of Moscovye, Or lyke bugges of Arraby, With ouches and bosses, With staves and crosses, With pillers and posses, With standers and banners, Without good life or manners: Then haue youe gay gloves, That with your hand moves, Wroughte with true loves, And made well, for the nones, With golde and precious stones: Ye blisse vs with your bones, And with your riche ringes, That quenes and kinges, At your offringes, Shall kisse with knelinges; Which your mynykyns And mynyon babbes, Your closse chambred drabbes, When masse and all is done,[500] Shall were at afternone: Your curtells be of sylke, With rochetes white as mylke; Your bootes of righte sattyne, Or velvett crymosyne; Your shoes wroughte with gold, To tredd vpon the molde; Wandring, as Vandals, In sylke and in sandals, Ye kepe your holy rules, As asses and mules; For on your cloven cules Will ye never sytt But on a rich carpett; And nowe and then a fitt, After the rule of Bennett, With, dythmunia vennett, A gaye a vott gennett, With Gill or with Jennyt, Wyth Cycely or Sare; Yf thei come wher they are, Thei lay one and not spare, And never look behind them, Wher soever they ffynd them; For whan that thei be hett, And Asmodeus grett, They take, as[501] thei can gett, All[502] fyshe that comes to nett, For lust fyndes no lett[503] Tyll hys poyson be spett; Be she fyne or feat, Be she white or[504] jett, Long or short sett, Do she smyle or skowle, Be she ffayr or fowle, Or owgly[505] as an owle; For vnderneth a cowle, A surplyse or an amys, Can no man do amys; Ye halse them from harmes With blessinges and charmes, While the water warmes, In your holy armes, Broging in ther barmes, Devoutly to clipe it, To caste her with a tryppytt, With, lusty Sir John, whip it Vnderneth your tippitt, _Prætextu pietatis,_ _Quam contaminatis_ _Sub jugo castitatis_, Your burning heate to cease, And expell your disease, Vnder pretens[506] of pease, The paynes to release Of poore sely sowles, That hide be in holes As hote as any coles. Ye cappes haue and capes, With many other iapes, To cover with your pates; As hoodes and cowles, Like horned owles, With skapplers and cootes, Courtbies and copes, White knottyd ropes, With other instrumentes, Straunge habilimentes, And wanton vestementes, And other implementes, As tyrantes haue in tentes: But what therby ment is, Or what they signifye, I cane not tell, not I,[507] Nor you vndowtedlye Can shew no reason whie. Ye make it herisy And treason to the kinge, Yf we speke any thinge That is not to your lykynge; The truth may not be spoken, But ye will be wroken: Yett marke and note this token; Yf Gods worde ones open, Which wyll er long perdye, Then shall we here and se In Cristianitye, Whether youe or we The very traytours be. But, by the Trynite, It wonder is to me To se your charite And hospitalite So littell to the poore; And yet vpon a hoore Ye passe for non expence, As thoughte it non offence Were in the sighte of God; Youe fray not of his rod; Youe loue your bely cod; For them that haue no nede Ye dayly feest and fede: I thinke it be to dreede Lest here you[508] haue your mede. Ye drawe and cast lottes, In hattes and in pottes, For tottes and for quottes, And blere vs with your blottes, And with your mery poppes: Thus youe make vs sottes, And play with vs[509] boopepe, With other gambaldes like, To pill oure Lordes sheepe, Your honour for to kepe, Vsinge great excesse, Which I pray God represse, And soone to sende redresse! For no man can expresse The wo and wretchednesse Youe on oure neckes do lye, By your grett tyrannye, Your pride and surquedrye, That ye do openlye: But that youe secretly Practyse pryvylye, May not be tolde,—and why? Lest it be herysye, And than by and by To make a faggott ffrye. For we can not deny, And treuth[510] doth playne dyscrye, And all wysemen espye That all the falt doth lye[511] Vpon oure owne foly, That ye be so iolye, For with oure owne goodes We fether vppe oure[512] hoodes. Youe sanguinolently, Your mony is so plenty, That youe make no deynty Of twenty pound and twenty, So youe may haue entry; And then youe laughe and skorne To se vs were the horne, Ridinge here and hether, Goinge ther and thether, Lyke cokold foles[513] together, In colde, wynde, and in wether, For woll, for ledd, and lether; And yet do not consydre We wer an oxes fether:[514] This is a prety bob, Oure hedes for to gnob[515] With suche a gentill job: And we oure selves rob Of landes temporall, And jvelles great and smalle, To give youe parte of all In almes perpetuall, To make our heyres thrall For your[516] hye promotyon, Through[517] our blynde devotion And small[518] intellygens, But that our conscyens, Laden with offens, And you vs so incense, When we be going hens, To make soch recompens, By gyvyng[519] yowe[520] our pens, Our land, goodes, and rentes, For that[521] holy pretens, Havyng ffull confydens That be[522] a safe defens: So do we styll dyspens With all remorse and sens Of harty penytens. This cane not be denyed; Your jugglynge is espied, Your mayster is vntyed, Which is the prince of pride; For you on[523] neyther syde Can suffre or abyde[524] To here the troth tryed, Which ye intend to hide With vehement[525] desyre, As hote as any ffire.

Thus endeth the ffirst parte of this present treatyse, called the Image of Ipocrysy.

Alake, for Christes might, These thinges go not arighte! Oure lanterns give no lighte, All bisshopps be not brighte: They be so full of spyte, They care not whom they byte, Both frend and foo they smyte Wyth prison, deth, and flighte; So dayly they do fyght To overturne the ryght: So[526] we be in the plyte, That, losing of oure sight, We[527] know not black from whyght, And be thus[528] blinded quyte, We know not[529] day from nyght. But, by my syres soule, The true Apostell Paule Wrott, as we may see In Tyte and Tymothe, Who should a bisshoppe be: A man of holy liffe, The husbonde of one wiffe; That vseth not to strife, Or strike with sworde or knyff, Nor that at any tyme Suspected is of cryme, But wise and provident, Colde and contynent, But never vynolent; That when he eat[530] or drinke, Slepe, awake,[531] or winke, Doth styll[532] on measure thinke, And therof vse a messe, To put away excesse, Kepe[533] hyme lowe and chast; That he make no wast By prodigalite Or sensualytye, A waster for to be, But, after his degree, With liberallite Kepe hospitallite; He must be sadd and sage, Vsinge non outrage, But soberly with reason To spende in tyme and season, And so to kepe his meason; He may in no wise streke, But suffer and be meke, Shamefast and discrete, Temperat, dulce, and swete, Not speakinge angerly, But soft and manerly; And, in any wise, Beware of covetyse, The rote of all ill vice; He must be liberall, And thanke oure Lorde of all; And, as a heerde his sheepe, His childer must he kepe, And all his family In vertu edyfy, Vnder disciplyne Of holsome doctryne, With dew subiection, That non obiection Be made vnto his heste[534] Of most or of leste; For thus he doth conclude, As by simylitude, Howe he that cane not skill His housholde at his will To governe,[535] rule, and teche, Within his power and reach, Oughte to haue no speache Of cure and diligence, Of suche premynence, Within the churche of God; And eke it is forbode That he no novice be, Lest with superbite He do presume to hye, And consequently Fall vnhappely Into the frenesy Of pride and of evyll,[536] Lyke Lucyfer, the devyll;[537] For he playnly writes, That of these neophites, And pevishe proselites, Springe vpp ipocrites; A bisshoppe eke must haue, His honesty to save, Of all men such a name, That his outwarde fame Be clene from any blame, Impeched with no shame, To draw all people in, They may repent of synne, And so[538] he may them wynne, That thei fall not vnware[539] Into[540] the devils snare. Thus Paule, as ye may se, Taughte Tyte and Tymothe, Who should a bisshoppe be: And Christ oure maister dere, While he lyved here, Full poorly did appere, Mekely borne and bredd; The bare earth was his bedd, For where to hele his headd, Or where to lye and rest, He had no hole nor nest; But in great poverty He lyved soberly, His worde to multyply; And thus did edifye His churche that is so holy, Suppressinge synne and foly: But not with friska ioly, As somme do nowe a dayes, That haue so many wayes All maner[541] gaynes to reape, Ther tresures one a heap To gather and to kepe, By pillinge of his shepe, Not forsyng who do wepe, And to his flocke repayre As it were to a ffayre; To sit in Peters chayer With pride and ambition, Sowyng great sedition; And by superstition Blinde vs with remission, By bulles vnder led, To serve both quicke and dead; And by that way pretend To clyme vpp and ascend That Lucifer did discend. I thinke that suche frykars Be not Christes vickars, But crafty intrycars, And pryvy purse pykars; For they that be sekars Of stores newe and olde, May perceyve and beholde Howe euery thinge is solde For sylver[542] and for golde: The craft[543] can not be told, What is and hath bene done By Antychryst[544] of Rome; For thens[545] the sourdes springe Of every naughty thinge, Hide vnderneth the whynge Of the Sire of Synne; At whom I will begynn Somwhat for to speake, And playnly to intreate Of this farly freake, That sitteth in his seat, Devouringe synne as meatte, Whiche he and his do eate As they may catch and geate:[546] They spare not to devower Cyty, towne, and tower, Wherat no man may lower; For be it swete or sower, Or be it good or yll, We must be muett still, The lustes to fulfill Of that cocodryll, Which at his[547] only will May ech man[548] save or spyll. This wicked man of warr So hault is that he darr, As he lyste,[549] make and marr, His owne lawe to prefarr Aboue the worde of God; It passeth Godes forbod That ever it should be; A man to clyme so hy, By reason of his see, To clayme auctoritye Aboue the Deyte, It is to hy a bost, And synne one of the most Ageynst the Holy Gost, That is not remissable: For as for the Bible, He taketh it for a ridle, Or as a lawles lible, Which, to the hy offence Of his conscience, He dare therwith dispence, And alter the sentence; For wher God do prohibitt, He doth leve exhibite, And at his[550] lust inhybyte; And wher God doth commaunde, Ther he doth countermaunde; After his owne purpose The best text to turne and glose, Like a Welshe manes hose, Or lyke a waxen nose: But wyse[551] men do suppose That truth shall[552] judge and trye, For lyars can but lye. He is so hault and taunt, That he dare hyme avaunt All erthly men to daunt; And faynes to give and graunt, In heaven above or hell,[553] A place wherin to dwell, As all his lyars tell, Which he doth dayly sell, After his devise, If men come to his prise; It is his marchaundyse; For, as ye will demaunde, He can and may commaunde A thowsande, in a bande, Of angells out of heaven, To come throughe the leven, And make all thinge even, His biddinges to obey, Which beares the greatist swaye, Your soules to convey Frome all decaye Out of the fendes wey; But provided alwey, That ye first mony paye; At the appoynted daye Ye present, if it maye; Then,[554] vnder thi petycion, Thou gettest true remyssion,[555] From synnes the absolution, By this his owne commyssion, By bryve or els by bull, To fill his coffers full; Ye may aske what ye wull. Alas, ye be to dull To se this lorde of losse, The fo of Christes crosse, This hoore of Babilon, And seede of Zabulon, The enemy of Christ, The devels holy pryst, And very Antechrist, To revell and to ride, Like the prince of pride, That of euery syde Warres the worlde wyde, Whom no strenghe may abide— The devill be his guyde! For loke in his decrees, And ye shall finde out lyes, As thik as swarme of byes, That throughe the worlde flyes, Making parsemonyes Of Peters patrimonyes, But great mercymonyes Of his seremonyes, To smodder vs with smoke: For, when he wilbe wroke, No man may bere his stroke; So hevy is his yoke, To Christes full vnlike, That saide his yoke is swete, His burthen lighte and meete For all men that be meke, To suffer and to bere, Without drede or fere: But Popes afterwarde, That never[556] had regard Which ende shoulde go forewarde, Haue drawen vs bakwarde, And made the yoke so harde By false invented lawes, As thoughe lay men were dawes, And dome as any stone, With sivile and canon To serve God and Mammon; Righte and wronge is one. Serche his decretalles And bulles papalles, _Et, inter alia_, Loke in his _palia_ And _Bacchanalia_,[557] With his extravagantes And wayes _vagarantes:_ His lawes _arrogantes_ Be made by truwantes That frame his finctions Into distinctions, With cloutes of clawses, Questyons and cawses, With Sext and Clementyne, And lawes legantyne: His county pallantyne Haue coustome colubryne, With codes viperyne And sectes serpentyne: Blinde be his stores Of interogatores And declaratores, With lapse and relapse, A wispe and a waspe, A clispe and a claspe, And his after[558] clappes; For his paragraffes Be no cosmograffes, But vnhappy graffes, That wander in the warrayne, Fruteles and barayne, To fede that foule carrayne, And dignite papall; With judges that scrape all, And doctours that take all, By lawes absynthyall And labirynthyall: His tabellions Be rebellions; His laweres and scribes Live only by bribes; His holy advocates And judges diligates Haue robbed all estates, By many inventions Of sundry suspentions, Subtile subventions, Crafty conventions, Prevy preventions, And evell exemptions; So hath his indictions And his interdictions, With croked commyssions, Colde[559] compromyssions, Cursed conditions, Hevy traditions, Elvishe inibitions, And redy remissions: Then hathe he inductions And colde conductions; His expectatyves Many a man vnthrives; By his constitutions And his subtitutions He maketh institutions, And taketh restitutions, Sellinge absolutions, And other like pollutions: His holy actions Be satisfactions Of false compactions: He robbeth all nations With his fulminations, And other like vexations; As with abiurations, Excomunycations, Aggravations, Presentations, Sequestrations, Deprivations, Advocations, Resignations, Dilapidations, Sustentations,[560] Adminystrations, Approbations, Assignations, Alterations, Narrations, Declarations, Locations, Collocations, Revocations, Dispensations, Intimations, Legittimations, Insinuations, Pronunttiations, Demonstrations, Vacations, Convocations, Deputations, Donations, Condonations, Commynations, Excusations,[561] Declamations, Visitations, Acceptations, Arrendations, Publications, Renunttiations, Fatigations, False fundations, And dissimulations, With like abbominations Of a thowsand fasshions: His holy vnions Be no communyons: His trialitees And pluralytyes Be full of qualitees; His tottes and quottes Be full of blottes: With quibes and quaryes Of inventataries, Of testamentaries, And of mortuaries, By sutes of appeales, And by his[562] ofte repeales, He oure mony steales. I speake not of his sessions, Nor of his confessions Olde and avricular, Colde and caniculer; Howe the cubiculer, In the capitular, With his pylde[563] spitler, Playde the knavyculer Vnderneth a[564] wall: I may not tell youe all, In termes speciall, Of pardon nor of pall, Nor of confessionall; For I feare, yf[565] he call The sentence generall, I mighte so take a fall, And haue his bitter curse,[566] And yett be not the wurse, Save only in my purse, Because I shoulde be fayne To by my state agayne _Ex leno vel ex lena,_ _Aut pellice obscœna,_ _Res certe inamœna:[567]_ _Papisticorum scena,_ _Malorum semper plena_; For all the worlde rounde He falsely doth confounde By lawes made and founde, By thyr devyse vnsownde, With no[568] steadfast grounde, But with fayned visions And develyshe devisions, With basterde religions: Thus this cursed elfe, To avaunce his pelfe, Falsely fayne[s] hymeself To be _semideus_: No, youe Asmeodeus, Ye are Amoreus, The sonne of Chanaan; O thou monstrous man, And childe of cursed Chan, Arte thou halfe god, halfe man? Gup, leviathan, And sonne of Sattan, The worme _letophagus_, And sire to Symonde Magus! O porter Cerberus, Thou arte so monstrous, Soo made and myschevous, Proude and surquedrous, And as lecherous As Heliogabalus Or Sardanapalus! Hatefull vnto God, And father of all falsehoode, The poyson of prestoode, And deth of good knighthoode, The robber of riche men, And murderer of meke men, The turment of true men That named be newe men, The prince of periury, And Christes enemy, Vnhappy as Achab, And naughty as Nadab, As crafty as Caball, And dronken as Naball, The hope of Ismaell, And false Achitofell, The blissinge of Bell, And advocate of hell; Thou hunter Nembroth, And Judas Iscarioth,[569] Thou bloody Belyall, And sacrifise of Ball, Thou elvishe ipocrite, And naughty neophite, Thou pevishe proselite, And synefull Sodymite, Thou gredy Gomorrite, And galefull[570] Gabaonite, Tho[u] hermofrodite, Thou arte a wicked sprite, A naughty seismatike, And an heritike, A beestely bogorian,[571] And devill meridian, The patrone of proctors, And dethe of trewe doctours, The founder of faytors, And trust of all traytours, The shender of sawes, And breaker of lawes, The syre of serdoners, And prince of pardoners, The kinge of questors, And rule of regestors, The eater of frogges, And maker of goddes, The brother of brothells, And lorde of all losells, The sturrur of stoores, And keper of hoores With gloriouse gawdes, Amonge trusty bawdes, The father of foles, And ignoraunce of scoles, The helper of harlettes, And captayne of verlettes, The cloke of all vnthriftes, And captayne of all caytifes, The leader of truwantes, And chefe of all tyrauntes, As hinde as an hogge, And kinde as any dogge, The shipwrake of Noye,— Christ saue the and Sainct Loy! Arte thou the hiest pryst, And vicar vnto Christ? No, no, I say, thou lyest: Thou arte a cursed crekar, A crafty vppcrepar; Thou arte the devils vicar, A privye[572] purse pikar, By lawes and by rites For sowles and for sprites: O lorde of ipocrites, Nowe shut vpp your wickettes, And clape to your clickettes,— farewell, kinge of crekettes! For nowe the tyme falles To speake of cardinalles, That[573] kepe ther holy halles With towres and walles: Be they not carnalles, And lordes infernalles? Yea, gredy carmalles, As any carmarante; With ther coppentante They loke adutante: For soth, men say they be Full of iniquite, Lyvinge in habundance Of all worldly substance, Wherin they lodge and ly, And wallowe beasteally, As hogges[574] do in a stye, Servinge ther god, ther belly, With chuettes and with gelly, With venyson and with tartes, With confytes and with fartes,[575] To ease ther holy hartes. They take ther stations, And make dyambulations Into all nations, For ther visitations, Callinge convocations, Sellinge dispensations, Givinge condonasions, Makinge permutations, And of excomunycations Sell they relaxations; For they, in ther progresse, With Katern, Mawde, and Besse, Will vse full great excesse, Withowt any redresse; And all men they oppresse In syty, towne, and village; From olde and yong of age They robbe[576] and make pyllage, Thyr lusts for to aswage, Which they extorte by mighte As in the churches righte; They may not lese a fether: But God, that lyveth ever, Graunt that they never Haue power to come hether! For wher they ones arive, So cleane they do vs shryve, That I swere by my life, The contry ther shall thrive Yeres tenn and ffive After them[577] the worse: Men give them Godes curse To shute within ther purse; Both lernyd and lewde Wolde they were beshrewed, They never mighte come nere For to visitt here, Altho they haue sotch chere As they cann well desyre, And as they will requier; For why, it doth appere, The hartes ar sett on fyer Of[578] chanon, monke, and fryer, That daylye dothe aspyre,[579] By bulles vnder ledd, How they should be fedd; It is therfore great skill That every Jacke and Gyll Performe[580] the Popes will, Hys[581] purse and panch to ffill; For, as I erst haue tolde, There lyves not suche a scolde That dare ons be[582] so bold, From shorne ne yet from polde, Nor[583] monye, meate, nor golde, From soch men[584] to withholde, Ther favour boughte and solde, That take a thowsand ffolde More then that Judas did: The trouth can not be hid; For it is playnly kid Judas for his dispense Sold Christ for thirty pense, And did a foule offence, His Lorde God so to tray; And they in likewise say, After Judas way, What will ye give and pay, As the matter falles, For pardonnes and for palles, And for confessionalles? We may have absolucions Without restytutyons, And at oure owne election Passe without correction, Besydes Christes passion To make satisfaction; We feare for non offence, So they haue recompence: By great audacitees They graunt capacitees; For heaven and for hell They mony take and tell: So thus they by and sell, And take therof no shame, But laughe and haue good game, To all oure souls bane: God helpe, we be to blame Sutch lordes to defame; Yett, by the common fame, Some bisshops vse the same, In Christes holy name Soules to sell and bye: My mynde is not to lye, But to write playnlye Ageynst ipocresye In bisshopp or in other, Yea, thoughe it were my brother, My father or my mother, My syster or my sonne; For, as I haue begonne, I will, as I haue donne, Disclose the great outrage That is in this Image; For[585] he that feles the pricke, And theron groweth sycke, May with the gald horse kike; For, as I erst haue said, Oure bisshops at a brayd Ar growne so sore afrayde, And in[586] the world so wide Do vse sutch pompe and pride, And rule on euery syde, That none may them abide: Of no[587] prince, lord, nor duke, They take will a rebuke; All lay men they surmount, Makinge non accompte, Nor cast no reckonynge Scarcely of a kinge: This is a wonder[588] thinge; They stande so suer and fast, And be nothinge agast;[589] For that blody judge And mighty sanguisuge, The Pope that is so huge, Is ever ther refuge; So be the cardinalles Ther suer defence and walles, With whom they stifly stande By water and by lande, To gett the overhande Of all the world rounde, Wher profitt may be founde: They be so many legions, That they oppresse regions With boke, bell, and candell, Any kinge to handell, As they haue many one: For triall herevpon I take of good Kinge John, Whom by the bitinge Of ther subtill smytinge, First by acytinge, And after interditinge, By fulmynations Of excommunications; For by ther holy poores They stored vpp stoores,[590] And kepte suche stvrre with hores, And shut vpp all churche doores For ther princely pleasure, They lyve so owt of measure, Till they might haue leasure, Ther lieg lorde and kinge So base and lowe to bringe; Which was a pyttevs thyng, That he with wepinge yees, Bowinge backe and thies, And knelinge on his knees, Must render vpp his fees, With kingly dignytees, Septer, crowne, and landes, Into ther holy handes: Alas, howe mighte it be That oure nobilitee Could then no better se? For theyrs was the fault Oure prelates were so haulte; Their strength then was to seke Ther liege lorde to kepe; They durst not fight ne strike, They feared of a gleke, That, no day in the weke, For any good or cattell, Durst they go to battell, Nor entre churche ne chappell In syxe or seven yere, Before Christ to appere, And devine seruice here In any hallowed place, For lacke of ther good grace; Ther was no tyme nor space To do to God seruice, But as they wolde devise; Their lawes be so sinystre, That no man durst minystre The holy sacrementes Till they hadd ther intentes Of landes and of rentes, By lawes and by lyes; To inriche ther sees, The blind men eat vpp flees; For by ther constitutions They toke restitutions Of cyties and of castells, Of townes and bastells, And make ther prince pike wastells, Till they rang out the belles, And did as they wold elles, Like traytours and rebelles, As the story telles. But Jesu Christ hymeself, Nor his appostells twelffe, Vnto that cvrsyd elfe Did never teach hym[591] so In any wise to do, For lucre or advayle,[592] Ageynst thyr kyng to rayle, And[593] lieg lorde to assayle, Within his owne lande To put hym vnder bande, And take brede of his hande: The Lorde saue sutch a flock That so could mowe and mock To make ther kinge a block, And eke ther laughinge stocke! They blered hym with a lurche, And said that he must wurche By counsell of the churche; Wherby they ment nothinge But to wrest and wringe, Only for to bringe Ther liege lorde and kinge To be ther vnderlinge: Alas, who euer sawe A kinge vnder awe, Ageynst all Gods lawe, All righte and consience, For doinge non offence To make sutch recompence? They gave ther lorde a laske, To purge withall his caske, And putt hym to no taske, But as they wold hyme aske: This was a midday maske, A kinge so to enforce With pacyence perforce. Take hede therfore and watche, All ye that knowe this tatche, Ye make not sutch a matche; Loke forth, beware the katche, Ye fall not in the snatche Of that vngratiovs pacthe, Before the rope hym racthe, Or Tyburne dothe hym strache. But who so[594] preache or prate, I warne youe, rathe and late To loke vpp and awake, That ye do never make Your maister nor your mate To sytt withowt your gate; Take hede, for Christes sake, And knowe your owne estate, Or ye be tardy take; Yea, lest it be to late To trust on hadd I wist, Imasked in a myst,— As good to ly bypist; For these his primates, Bysshops and prelates, And popeholy legates, With ther pild pates, Dare conquer[595] all estates: They do but as they will; For, be it good or ill, We must be muett still: Why lay men can not se, It is the more pite.

Thus endeth the Seconde Parte of this present treatyse called the Image of Ipocresy.

Of prechers nowe adayes Be many Fariseyes, That leue the Lordes layes, And preche ther owne wayes; Wherof nowe of late Hathe risen great debate; For some champe and chaffe As hogges do in draffe, And some cry out apase As houndes at a chase, Whiche for lacke of grace The playne truthe wold defase. So busely they barke, An other in the darke, That is a busarde starke, And cane not se the marke, Wondereth at this warke, And therfore taketh carke Bycause he is no clarke. Some be soft and still As clappes in a mill, And some cry and yell As sprites do in hell; Some be here and ther, And some I wote not wher; Some holde vpp, yea and nay, And some forsake ther lay; Some be still and stey, And hope to haue a daye; Some wote not what to say, But dout whether they may Abide or rune away; Ther wittes be so weake, They say they dare not speake, They be afrayd of heate; Some be sycke and sadd, For sorrowe almost madd; I tell youe veryly, Ther wittes be awry, They peyne themselves greatly To haue the trouth go by; Some on bokes dayly prye, And yett perceyve not reason whie; Tho some affirme, some do deny, With nowe a trouth and then a ly, To say one thinge openly, And an other prively;— Here be but youe and I; Say to me your mynd playnlye, Is it not open heresy? Thus say they secretly, Whisperinge with sorrowe That they deny to morowe. Ther tales be so dobble, That many be in trobble, And doubt which way to take, Themselves sure to make: A lorde, it makes me shake! For pyty that I quake. They be so colde and horse. That they haue no forse, So they be prefarred, Tho all the rest were marred. Thus the people smatter, That dayly talke and clatter, Oure preachers do but flatter, To make themselves the fatter, And care not thoughe the matter Were clerely layde a watter. Douse men chatt and chide it, For they may not abid it; The Thomistes wold hide it, For _littera occidit_. Thus these sysmatickes, And lowsy lunatickes, With spurres and prickes Call true men heretickes. They finger ther fidles, And cry in quinibles, Away these bibles, For they be but ridles! And give them Robyn Whode, To red howe he stode In mery grene wode,[596] When he gathered good, Before Noyes ffloodd! For the Testamentes To them, they sey, sente is, To gather vpp ther rentes, After ther intentes: Wherby it by them ment is, That lay men be but lowtes; They may not knowe the clowtes, Nor dispute of the doubtes, That is in Christes lawe; For why, they never sawe The bagg nor the bottell Of oure Arrestotle, Nor knowe not the toyes Of Doctore Averroyes; It is no play for boyes, Neyther for lay men; But only for schole men, For they be witty men, As wise as any wrenne, And holy as an henne. For Doctoure Bullatus, Though[597] _parum literatus_, Will brable and prate thus; Howe Doctoure Pomaunder, As wise as a gander, Wotes not wher to wander, Whether to Meander, Or vnto Menander;[598] For of Alexander, Irrefragable Hales, He cane tell many tales, Of many parke pales, Of butgettes and of males, Of Candy and of Cales, And of West Wales. But Doctoure Dorbellous Doth openly tell vs Howe they by and sell vs: And Doctoure Sym Sotus Cann goostely grope vs; For he hathe rad Scotus, And so the dawe dotus Of Doctour Subtyles; Yea, three hundreth myles, With sutch crafty wyles He many men begiles, That never knewe an vnce At full of Master Dunce. Then Doctoure Bonbardus Can skill of Lombardus; He wonnes at Malepardus,[599] With Father Festino, And Doctoure Attamino, _Dudum de camino_, With ther _consobrino,_ _Capite equino_ _Et corde asinino;_ _Hi latent in limo_ _Et in profundo fimo,_ _Cubantes in culino_ _Cum Thoma de Aquino,_ _Tractantes in ima_ _De pelle canina_ _Et lana caprina._ Then Doctoure Chekmate Hath his pardoned pate, A man yll educate; His harte is indurate, His heade eke edentate; His wittes be obfuscate, His braynes obumbrate, Oure questions to debate; For thoughe cam but late, His cause is explicate With termes intricate, I note wherof conflate; And therfore must he make His bull and antedate. Then Doctour Tom-to-bold Is neyther whote nor colde, Till his coles be solde; His name may not be tolde For syluer nor for golde; But he is sutch a scolde, That no play may hym holde For anger vnbepyst, Yf his name were wist; Ye may judge as ye liste; He is no Acquiniste, Nor non Occanist,[600] But a mockaniste; This man may not be myste, He is a suer sophiste, And an olde papist. But nowe we haue a knighte[601] That is a man of mighte, All armed for to fighte, To put the trouthe to flighte By Bowbell pollecy, With his poetry And his sophestry; To mocke and make a ly, With quod he and quod I; And his appologye, Made for the prelacy, Ther hugy pompe and pride To coloure and to hide; He maketh no nobbes, But with his diologges To prove oure prelates goddes, And lay men very lobbes, Betinge they[m] with bobbes, And with ther ow[n]e roddes; Thus he taketh payne To fable and to fayne, Ther myscheff to mayntayne, And to haue them rayne Over hill and playne, Yea, over heaven and hell, And wheras sprites dwell, In purgatorye holles, With whote ffier and coles, To singe for sely soules, With a supplication, And a confutation, Without replication, Havinge delectation To make exclamation, By way of declamation, In his Debellation,[602] With a popishe fasshion To subvert oure nation: But this daucok doctoure And purgatory proctoure Waketh nowe for wages, And, as a man that rages Or overcome with ages,[603] Disputith _per ambages_, To helpe these parasites And naughty ipocrites, With legendes of lyes, Fayned fantasies, And very vanyties, Called veryties, Vnwritten and vnknowen. But as they be blowne From lyer to lyer, Inventyd by a ffryer _In magna copia_, Brought out of Vtopia Vnto the mayde of Kent,[604] Nowe from the devill sent, A virgyne ffayre and gent, That hath our yees blent: Alas, we be myswent! For yf the false intent Were knowen of this witche, It passeth dogg and bitche: I pray God, do so mutche To fret her on the itche, And open her in tyme! For this manly myne Is a darke devyne, With his poetry, And her iugglery, By conspiracy To helpe our prelacy, She by ypocresye, And he by tyranny, That causeth cruelly The simple men to dye For fayned herisye: He saythe that this nody Shall brenne, soule and body, Or singe his palanody, With feare till he pant, To make hym recreante His sayinges to recante, So as he shalbe skante Able for to loke In writinge or in booke, That treatithe of the rote Or of the base and fote Of ther abhomynation: He vsethe sutche a fasshion, To send a man in station With an evill passion To his egression, Before the procession Slylye for to stalke, And solempeny to walke, To here the preacher talke, Howe he hath made a balke; And so the innocent, For feare to be brent, Must suffer checke and checke, His faccott on his necke, Not for his life to quecke, But stande vpp, like a bosse, In sighte at Paules crosse, To the vtter losse Of his goode name and fame: Thus with great payne and shame He kepethe men in bandes, Confiskinge goods and landes, And then to hete ther handes With faccottes and with brandes, Or make them be abjure: These thinges be in vre; Youe leade vs with the lure Of your persecution And cruell execution, That the fyry fume Oure lyves shall consume By three, by two, and one; Men say ye will spare none Of hye nor lowe degre, That will be eneme To your ipocrese, Or to your god the bele; For who dare speake so felle That clerkes should be simple, Without spott or wrinkell? Yett nathelesse alwey I do protest and saye, And shall do while I may, I never will deny, But confesse openly, That punnysshement should be, In every degre, Done with equite; When any doth offende, Then oughte youe to attende To cause hyme to amend, Awaytinge tyme and place, As God may give youe grace, To haue hyme fase to fase, His fautes to deface, With hope to reconcyle hyme; But not for to begile hym, Or vtterly to revile hyme, As thoughe ye wold excile hyme; For then, the trouth to tell Men thinke ye do not well. Ye call that poore man wretch, As thoughe ye hadd no retche, Or havinge no regarde, Whiche ende should go forwarde: Ye be so sterne and harde, Ye rather drawe backwarde, Your brother so to blinde, To grope and sertche his mynde, As thoughe youe were his frinde, Some worde to pike and finde, Wherby ye may hyme blinde; With your popishe lawe To kepe vs vnder awe, By captious storyes Of interrogatoryes: Thus do ye full vnkindly, To feyne yourselves frindley, And be nothinge but fyndly. I tell youe, men be lothe To se youe wode and wrothe, And then for to be bothe Th’accuser and the judge: Then farewell all refuge, And welcom sanguisuge! When ye be madd and angry, And an expresse enemy, It is ageynst all equitye Ye shoulde be judge and partye: Therfore the kinges grace Your lawes muste deface; For before his face Youe should your playntes bringe, As to your lorde and kinge And judge in euery thinge, That, by Godes worde, Hathe power of the sworde, As kinge and only lorde, So scripture doth recorde; For her within his lande Should be no counterband, But holy at his hande We shoulde all be and stande, Both clerkes spirituall, And lay men temporall: But youe make lawe at will, The poore to plucke and pill, And some that do no yll, Your appetites to ffill, Ye do distroy and kill. Lett Godes worde try them, And then ye shall not frye them; Yea, lett the worde of God Be every mannes rode, And the kinges the lawe To kepe them under awe, To fray the rest with terroure, They may revoke ther erroure: And thus, I say agayne, The people wolde be fayne Ye prelates wolde take payne To preache the gospell playne; For otherwise certayne Your laboure is in vayne; For all your crueltye, I knowe that you and we Shall never well agree: Ye may in no wise se Sutch as disposed be Of ther charitye To preach the verytye; Ye stope them with decrees, And with your veritees, Unwritten, as ye saye; Thus ye make them stay: But God, that all do may, I do desire and pray, To open us the day, Which is the very kaye Of knowledge of his way, That ye have stolen awaye! And then, my lordes, perfay, For all your popishe play, Not all your gold so gay, Nor all your riche araye, Shall serve youe to delaye But some shall go astraye, And lerne to swyme or sinke; For truly I do thinke, Ye may well wake or wynke, For any meat or drinke Ye geitt, without ye swynke. But that wold make youe wrothe; For, I trowe, ye be lothe To do eyther of both, That is, yourself to cloth With laboure and with sweate And faste till youe eate But that youe erne and geate; Like verlettes and pages, To leve your parsonages, Your denns and your cages, And by[605] dayly wages: God blesse us, and Sainct Blase! This were a hevy case, A chaunce of ambesase, To se youe broughte so base, To playe without a place: Now God send better grace! And loke ye lerne apase To tripe in trouthes trace, And seke some better chaunce Yourselves to avaunce, With sise synke or synnes; For he laughe[s] that wynnes, As ye haue hetherto, And may hereafter do; Yf ye the gospell preche, As Christ hymself did teche, And in non other wise But after his devise, Ye may with good advyse Kepe your benefise And all your dignite, Without malignite, In Christes name, for me; I gladely shall agre It ever may so be. But this I say and shall, What happ soeuer fall, I pray and call The Kinge celestiall, Ones to give youe grace To se his worde haue place; And then within shorte space We shall perceyve and se Howe euery degre Hath his auctorite By the lawe of Christ, The lay man and the prest, The poore man and the lorde; For of that monocorde The scripture doth recorde; And then with good accorde, In love and in Concorde We shall together holde; Or elles ye may be bolde, For heate or colde Say ye what ye will, Yt were as good be still; For thoughe ye glose and frase Till your eyes dase, Men holde it but a mase Till Godes worde haue place, That doth include more grace Then all erthly men Could ever knowe or ken.

Thuse endith the thirde parte of this present treatise called the Image of Ypocresye.

Nowe with sondry sectes The world sore infectes, As in Christes dayes Amonge the Pharisees, In clothinge and in names; For some were Rhodyans, And Samaritans, Some were Publicanes, Some were Nazarenes, Bisshops and Essenes, Preestes and Pharisees; And so of Saducees, Prophetes and preachers, Doctours and teachers, Tribunes and tribes, Lawers and scribes, Deacons and levytes, With many ipocrites; And so be nowe also, With twenty tymes[606] mo Then were in Christes dayes Amonge the Pharisees: The Pope, whom first they call Ther lorde and principall, The patriarke withall; And then the Cardinall With tytles all of pride, As legates of the side, And some be cutt and shorne That they be legates borne; Then archebisshops bold, And bisshops for the folde, They metropolitannes, And these diocysanyes, That haue ther suffraganyes To blesse the prophanyes; Then be ther curtisanes As ill as Arrianes Or Domicianes, Riall residentes, And prudent presidentes; So be their sensors, Doughty dispensors, Crafty inventors, And prevy precentors, With chaplaynes of honour That kepe the Popes bower; Then allmoners and deanes, That geit by ther meanes The rule of all reames; Yett be ther subdeanes, With treasorers of trust, And chauncelours iniust, To scoure of scab and rust, With vicars generalls, And ther officialles, Chanons and chaunters, That be great avaunters; So be ther subchaunters, Sextons and archedeakons, Deakons and subdeakons, That be ypodeakons, Parsonnes and vicars, Surveyors and sikers, Prevy pursepikers, Provostes and preachers, Readers and teachers, With bachilers and maysters, Spenders and wasters; So be ther proctors, With many dull doctors, Proude prebendaryes, Colde commissaries, Synfull secundaries, Sturdy stipendaries, With olde ordinaryes, And penytencyaryes, That kepe the sanctuaries; So be ther notaries, And prothonotaries, Lawers and scribes, With many quibibes, Redy regesters, Pardoners and questers, Maskers and mummers, Deanes and sumners, Apparatoryes preste To ride est and weste; Then be ther advocates, And _parum_ litterates, That eate vpp all estates, With wyly visitors, And crafty inquisitors, Worse then Mamalokes, That catche vs with ther crokes, And brenne vs and oure bokes; Then be ther annivolors, And smalle benivolers, With chauntry chapleynes, Oure Ladyes chamberleynes; And some be Jesu Christes, As be oure servinge pristes, And prestes that haue cure Which haue ther lyvinge sure, With clerkes and queresters, And other smale mynisters, As reders and singers, Bedemen and bellringers, That laboure with ther lippes Ther pittaunce out of pittes, With Bennet and Collet, That bere bagg and wallett; These wretches be full wely, They eate and drinke frely, Withe _salve, stella cœli_,[607] And ther _de profundis_; They lye with _immundis_, And walke with vacabundis, At good ale and at wynne As dronke as any swynne; Then be ther grosse abbottes, That observe ther sabbottes, Fayer, ffatt, and ffull, As gredy as a gull, And ranke as any bull, With priors of like place,[608] Some blacke and some white, As channons be and monkes, Great lobyes and lompes, With Bonhomes and brothers, Fathers and mothers, Systers and nonnes, And littell prety bonnes, With lictors and lectors, Mynisters and rectors, Custos and correctors, With papall collectors, And popishe predagoges,[609] Mockinge mystagoges, In straunge array and robes, Within ther sinagoges; With sectes many mo, An hundreth in a throo I thinke to name by roo, As they come to my mynde, Whom, thoughe they be vnkind, The lay mens labor finde; For some be Benedictes With many maledictes; Some be Cluny, And some be Plumy, With _Cistercyences_, _Grandimontences_, _Camaldulences_, _Premonstratences_, _Theutonycences_, _Clarrivallences_, And _Easiliences_: Some be Paulines, Some be Antonynes, Some be Bernardines, Some be Celestines, Some be Flamynes, Some be Fuligines, Some be Columbines, Some be Gilbertines, Some be Disciplines, Some be Clarines, And many[610] Augustines, Some Clarissites, Some be Accolites, Some be Sklavemytes, Some be Nycolites, Some be Heremytes, Some be Lazarites, Some be Ninivites, Some be Johannytes, Some be Josephites, Some be Jesuytes, _Servi_ and Servytes, And sondry Jacobites; Then be ther Helenytes, Hierosolymites, Magdalynites, Hieronimytes, Anacorites, And Scenobites; So be ther Sophrans, Constantinopolitanes, Holy Hungarians, Purgatorians, Chalomerians, And Ambrosians; Then be ther Indianes, And Escocyanes, Lucifrans, Chartusyanes, Collectanes, Capusianes, Hispanians, Honofrianes, Gregorianes, Vnprosianes, Winceslanes, With Ruffianes, And with Rhodianes; Some be Templers, And Exemplers, Some be Spitlers, And some be Vitlers, Some be Scapelers, And some Cubiculers, Some be Tercyaris, And some be of St. Marys, Some be Hostiaris, And of St. Johns frarys, Some be Stellifers, And some be Ensefers, Some Lucifers, And some be Crucyfers, Some haue signe of sheres, And some were shurtes of heres, Some be of the spone, And some be crossed to Rome, Some daunte and daly In Sophathes valley, And in the blak alley Wheras it ever darke is, And some be of St Markis Mo then be good clarkes, Some be Mysiricordes, Mighty men and lordes, And some of Godes house That kepe the poore souse, _Minimi_ and Mymes, And other blak devines, With Virgins and Vestalles, Monkes and Monyalles, That be conventualles, Like frogges and todes; And some be of the Rhodes, Swordemen and knightes, That for the [faith] fightes With sise, sinke, and quatter. But nowe never the latter I intend to clatter Of a mangye matter, That smelles of the smatter, Openly to tell What they do in hell, Wheras oure ffryers dwell Everich in his sell, The phane and the prophane, The croked and the lame, The mad, the wild, and tame, Every one by name: The formest of them all Is ther Generall; And the next they call Ther hie Provincyall, With Cvstos and Wardyn That lye next the gardeyn; Then oure father Prior, With his Subprior That with the covent comes To gather vpp the cromes; Then oure fryer Douche Goeth by a crouche, And slouthfull ffryer Slouche That bereth Judas pouche; Then ffryer Domynike And ffryer Demonyke, Fryer Cordiler And ffryer Bordiler, Fryer Jacobine, Fryer Augustyne, And ffryer Incubyne And ffryer Succubine, Fryer Carmelyte And ffryer Hermelite, Fryer Mynorite And ffryer Ipocrite, Frier ffranciscane And ffrier Damiane, Frier Precher And ffrier Lecher, Frier Crusifer And ffrier Lusifer, Frier Purcifer And ffrier _Furcifer_, Frier Ferdifer And ffrier _Merdifer_, Fryer Sacheler And ffryer Bacheler, Fryer Cloysterer And ffrier Floysterer, Frier _Pallax_ And ffrier _Fallax_, Frier _Fugax_ And ffrier _Nugax_, Frier _Rapax_ And ffrier _Capax_, Frier _Lendax_ And ffrier _Mendax_, Frier _Vorax_ And ffrier _Nycticorax_,[611] Fryer _Japax_, Frier Furderer And ffrier Murderer, Frier Tottiface And ffrier Sottiface, Frier Pottiface And frier Pockyface, Frier Trottapace And ffrier Topiace, Frier Futton And ffrier Glotton, Frier Galiard And ffrier Paliard, Frier Goliard And ffrier Foliard, Frier Goddard And ffrier Foddard, Frier Ballard And ffrier Skallard, Frier Crowsy And ffrier Lowsy, Frier Sloboll And ffrier Bloboll, Frier Toddypoll And ffrier Noddypoll, Frier fflaphole And ffrier Claphole, Frier Kispott And ffrier Pispott, Frier Chipchop And ffrier Likpott, Frier Clatterer And ffrier fflatterer, Frier Bib, ffrier Bob, Frier Lib, ffrier Lob, Frier Fear, ffrier Fonde, Frier Beare, ffrier Bonde, Frier Rooke, ffrier Py, Frier Flooke, ffrier Flye, Frier Spitt, ffrier Spy, Frier Lik, ffrier Ly, With ffrier We-he Found by the Trinytye, And frier Fandigo, With an hundred mo Could I name by ro, Ne were for losse of tyme, To make to longe a ryme: _O squalidi laudati,_ _Fœdi[612] effeminati,_ _Falsi falsati,_ _Fuci fucati,_ _Culi cacati,[613]_ _Balbi braccati,_ _Mimi merdati,[614]_ _Larvi larvati,[615]_ _Crassi cathaphi,[616]_ _Calvi cucullati,_ _Curvi curvati,_ _Skurvi knavati,_ _Spurci spoliati,_ _Hirci armati,_ _Vagi devastati,_ _Devii debellati,_ _Surdi sustentati,_ _Squalidi laudati,_ _Tardi terminati,_ _Mali subligati,_ _Inpii conjurati,_ _Profusi profugi,_ _Lapsi lubrici,_ _Et parum pudici!_ Oth ye drane bees, Ye bloody flesheflees, Ye spitefull spittle spyes, And grounde of herisees, That dayly without sweat Do but drinke and eate, And murther meat and meat, _Ut fures et latrones_! Ye be _incubiones_,[617] But no _spadones_, Ye haue your _culiones_; Ye be _histriones_, Beastely _balatrones_,[618] _Grandes thrasones_,[619] _Magni nebulones_, And _cacodæmones_,[620] That [eat] vs fleshe and bones With teeth more harde then stones; Youe make hevy mones, As it were for the nones, With great and grevous grones, By sightes and by sobbes To blinde vs with bobbes; Oh ye false faytours, Youe theves be and tratours, The devils dayly wayters! Oh mesell Mendicantes, And mangy Obseruauntes, Ye be _vagarantes_! As persers _penitrantes_, Of mischef _ministrantes_,[621] In pillinge _postulantes_, In preachinge _petulantes_, Of many _sycophantes_,[622] That gather, as do antes, In places wher ye go, With _in principio_ Runnynge to and ffro, Ye cause mikle woo With hie and with loo; Wher youe do resorte, Ye fayne and make reporte Of that youe never harde, To make foles aferde With visions and dremes,[623] Howe they do in hevens, And in other remes Beyonde the great stremes Of Tyger and of Gange, Where tame devils range, And in the black grange, Thre myle out of hell, Where sely sowles dwell, In paynes wher they lye, Howe they lament and cry Vnto youe, holy lyars, And false fflatteringe ffriers, For _Dirige_ and masses; Wherwith, like very asses, We maynteyn youe and your lasses; But in especiall Ye say, the sowles call For the great trentall; For some sely sowles So depe ly in holes Of ffier and brennyng coles, That top and tayle is hid; For whom to pray and bid Thens to haue them rid, Ye thinke it but a foly; Althoughe the masse be holy, The fendes be wyly; Till masse of _scala cœli_,[624] At Bathe or at Ely, Be by a ffrier saide That is a virgine mayde, These sowles may not away, As all yow ffriers say; So trowe I without doubte These sowles shall never out; For it is _rara avis_, Ye be so many knaves; I swere by crosses ten, That fewe be honest men; So many of youe be Full of skurrilite, That throughly to be sought The multitude is noughte: Ye be nothinge denty; Ye come among vs plenty By coples in a peire, As sprites in the heire, Or dogges in the ffayre; Where yow do repayre, Ye ever ride and rune, As swifte as any gune, With nowe to go and come, As motes in the sonne, To shrive my lady nonne, With humlery hum, _Dominus vobiscum_! God knoweth all and some, What is and hath bene done, Syns the world begone, Of russett, gray, and white, That sett ther hole delighte In lust and lechery, In thefte and trecherey, In lowsy lewdenes, In synne and shrodenes, In crokednes acurst, Of all people the worste, Marmosettes and apes, That with your pild pates Mock vs with your iapes: Ye holy caterpillers, Ye helpe your wellwillers With prayers and psalmes, To devoure the almes That Christians should give To meynteyne and releve The people poore and nedy; But youe be gredy, And so great a number, That, like the ffier of thunder, The worlde ye incomber: But hereof do I wonder, Howe ye preache in prose, And shape therto a glose, Like a shipmans hose, To fayne yourse[l]ves ded, Whiche nathelesse be fed, And dayly eate oure bred, That ye amonge vs beg, And gett it spite of oure hede: It wonder is to me, Howe ye maye fathers be Your sede to multiply, But yf yow be _incubi_,[625] That gender gobolynes: Be we not bobolynes, Sutch lesinges to beleve, Whiche ye amonge vs dry[ve]? Because ye do vs shrive, Ye[626] say we must youe call Fathers seraphicall And angelicall, That be fantasticall, Brute and bestiall, Yea, diabolicall, The babes of Beliall, The sacrifise of Ball, The dregges of all durte, Fast bounde and girte Vnder the devils skyrte; For _pater_ Priapus, And _frater Polpatus_, With _doctor Dulpatus_, _Suffultus fullatus_,[627] _Pappus paralyticus_,[628] And _pastor improvidus_, Be false and frivolus, Proude and pestiferous, Pold and pediculous, Ranke and ridiculous, Madd and meticulous, Ever invidious, Never religious, In preachinge prestigious, In walkinge prodigious, In talkinge sedicious, In doctrine parnicious, Haute and ambicious, Fonde and supersticious, In lodginge prostibulus, In beddinge promiscuous, In councells myschevous, In musters monstrous, In skulkinge insidicious, Vnchast and lecherous, In excesse outragious, As sicknesse contagious,[629] The wurst kind of edders, And stronge sturdy beggers: Wher one stande and teaches, An other prate and preches, Like holy horseleches: So this rusty rable At bourd and at table Shall fayne and fable, With bible and with bable, To make all thinge stable, By lowringe and by lokinge, By powrynge and by potinge, By standinge and by stopinge, By handinge and by ffotinge, By corsy and by crokinge, With their owne pelf promotinge, With ther eyes alweyes totinge Wher they may haue shotinge Ther and here ageyne: Thus the people seyne,[630] With wordes true and playne, Howe they jest and ioll With ther nody poll, With rownynge and rollinge, With bowsinge and bollinge, With lillinge and lollinge, With knyllinge and knollinge, With tillinge and tollinge, With shavinge and pollinge, With snyppinge and snatchinge, With itchinge and cratchinge, With kepinge and katchinge, With wepinge and watchinge, With takinge and catchinge, With peltinge and patchinge, With findinge and fatchinge, With scriblinge and scratchinge, With ynkinge and blatchinge; That no man can matche them, Till the devill fatche them, And so to go together Vnto their denne for ever, Wher hens as they never Hereafter shall dissever, But dy eternally, That lyve so carnally; For that wilbe ther ende, But yf God them sende His grace here to amend: And thus I make an ende.

Thus endeth the ffourthe and laste parte of this treatise called the Image of Ypocresy.

_The grudge of ypocrites conceyved ageynst the auctor of this treatise._

These be as knappishe knackes As ever man made, For javells and for iackes, A jymiam for a iade.

Well were we, yf we wist What a wight he were That starred vpp this myst, To do vs all this dere:

Oh, yf we could attayne hym, He mighte be fast and sure We should not spare to payne hym, While we mighte indure!

_The awnswer of the auctor._

_Ego sum qui sum_, My name may not be told; But where ye go or come, Ye may not be to bold:

For I am, is, and was, And ever truste to be, Neyther more nor las Then asketh charite.

This longe tale to tell Hathe made me almost horse: I trowe and knowe right well That God is full of force,

And able make the dome And defe men heare and speake, And stronge men overcome By feble men and weke:

So thus I say my name is; Ye geit no more of me, Because I wilbe blameles, And live in charite.

Thuse endith this boke called the Image of Ypocresye.

[468] _The Image of Ipocrysy_] Is now printed from _MS. Lansdown_ 794. The original has very considerable alterations and additions by a different hand: the first page is here and there illegible, partly from the paleness of the ink, and partly from the notes which Peter Le Neve (the possessor of the MS. in 1724) has unmercifully scribbled over it. I give the title here as it stands at the end of the First Part.

Hearne and others have attributed this remarkable production to Skelton. The poem, however, contains decisive evidence that he was not its author: to say nothing of other passages,—the mention of certain writings of Sir Thomas More and of “the mayde of Kent” (Elizabeth Barton), which occurs in the Third Part, would alone be sufficient to prove that it was the composition of some writer posterior to his time.

[469] _Vp to the clowdy skye_] Originally “_Vp_ into _the skye_.”

[470] _Our parsons and curates_] This line (now pasted over in the MS.) has been obtained from a transcript of the poem made by Thomas Martin of Palgrave.

[471] _Glottons_] Originally “Prelates.”

[472] _And_] Substituted for “To,” when the preceding line was added.

[473] _him_] Originally “vs.”

[474] _Take_] Originally “haue.”

[475] _Dothe_] Originally “Or.”

[476] _Doo_] Originally “That.”

[477] _seem_] Is the substitution of a somewhat later hand, the original word being faded: qy. “self?”

[478] _runne in att the rove_] Originally “runnynge _at the_ masse.”

[479] _prove_] Originally “presse.”

[480] _Wher they may be sure_] Followed by a deleted line, now partly illegible,—

“ ... wayte to haue wynnynge.”

[481] _To fyshe for any gayne_] Followed by a deleted line which seems to have been,—

“With shotinge or with singinge.”

[482] _Shall pryck, &c._] The position of this line, and of the next but one, was originally different.

[483] _Chafyng_] Which seems to be the reading intended, was originally preceded by “Wyll.”

[484] _And then_] Originally “At lenghe.”

[485] _Thoughe_] MS. “Throughe”

[486] _Which_] Qy. “With?”

[487] _bowes_] Qy. “vowes?”

[488] _of ther_] Qy. “other?”

[489] _backe_] Something wanting here.

[490] _No man wyll they spare_] Originally,—

“They passe not of a sparre.”

[491] _Your_] Originally “For.”

[492] _In_] Originally “And.”

[493] _Youre_] Originally “And.”

[494] _Wher God his gyfte or grace_] Originally,

“_Wher god_ of _his grace_.”

[495] _And all his kingdom, whan_] Originally,

“At the good tyme _whan_.”

[496] _Ye_] Originally “That.”

[497] _Lordely, &c._] On the outer margin of the MS., opposite this verse, are the following lines, partly cut off by the binder;

“Thes be the knavysh knackes that ever w ... o ... ffor Javelles and for J[ackes].”

[498] _And worldly welth to haue_] Originally “_And_ possession _to haue_.”

[499] _chippe_] Qy. “clippe?”

[500] _When masse and all is done_] Followed by a deleted line;

“The paynes to release.”

[501] _as_] Originally “that.”

[502] _All_] Originally “_All_ ys.”

[503] _For lust fyndes no lett_] Occupies the place of the following three deleted lines;

“be she ffayre or fowle for vnderneth an amys alyke ther hart is.”

[504] _or_] MS. “as.”

[505] _Or owgly_] Over this is the deleted word “blobcheked.”

[506] _pretens_] Originally “the bande.”

[507] _not I_] Originally “for why.”

[508] _Lest here you_] Originally “_Here lest youe_.”

[509] _with vs_] Originally “your.”

[510] _treuth_] Originally “the _treuth_.”

[511] _That all the falt doth lye_] Originally “But _all the falt_ do _lye_.”

[512] _oure_] Qy. “youre?” but compare 6th line of next column. In the following line, “_sanguinolently_” should perhaps be printed as Latin,—“_sanguinolenti_.”

[513] _cokold foles_] Originally “loutes and knaves.”

[514] _We wer an oxes fether_] Originally “And in oure hoode a _fether_.”

[515] _Oure hedes for to gnob_] Followed by two deleted lines;

“And make vs soch a lob To vse one lyke a lob.”

[516] _For your_] Originally “With.”

[517] _Through_] Originally “With.”

[518]

_And small, &c._ ... _To make soch recompens_

This passage is substituted for two deleted lines;

“To your possessyon Without discretion.”

[519]

_By gyvyng, &c._ ... _Of harty penytens_

This passage is substituted for three deleted lines;

“S ... fonde affection To oure correccion Without protection.”

[520] _yowe_] Originally “them.”

[521] _that_] Originally “an.”

[522] _be_] Originally “to _be_.”

[523] _For you on_] Originally “_For on_.”

[524] _Can suffre or abyde_] Originally “Ye _cane_ here _abide_.”

[525] _vehement_] Originally “diligent.”

[526] _So_] Originally “That.”

[527] _We_] Originally “And.”

[528] _And be thus_] Originally “That we _be_.”

[529] _We know not_] Originally “_Not_ knowing.”—After this line is one cut off by the binder.

[530] _That when he eat_] Originally “_When he_ shall _eat_.”

[531] _Slepe, awake_] Originally “_Slepe_ or wake.”

[532] _Doth styll_] Originally “He must.”

[533] _Kepe_] Before this word stood originally “And,” afterwards altered to “To,” which is also deleted.

[534] _Be made vnto his heste_] Originally,

“_Be made_ to _his heste_;”

for which, was first substituted,

“_Made be_ to _his hest_.”

[535] _To governe_] Originally “Wisely _to_.”

[536] _evyll_] Originally “ill.”

[537] _Lyke Lucyfer, the devyll_] Originally,

“In Judgement of _the devill_.”

[538] _And so_] Originally “For.”

[539] _That thei fall not vnware_] Originally,

“Or elles may _vnware_.”

[540] _Into_] Originally “Fall in.”

[541]

_All maner_, &c. ... To _gather and to kepe_

These three lines substituted for two deleted lines;

“_To gather and to kepe_ Treasure in _a hepe_.”

[542] _sylver_] Originally “mony.”

[543] _The craft, &c._] Originally,

“Yf all _the chraft_ were _tolde_.”

[544] _Antychryst_] Originally “the courte.”

[545] _For thens, &c._] Originally,

“_For_ ther _sourdes the springe_.”

[546] _geate_] Followed by a deleted line;

“Be it by colde or heate.”

[547] _Which at his_] Originally “That _his_.”

[548] _May ech man, &c._] Originally,

“_May_ bothe _saue_ and _spill_.”

[549] _As he lyste_] Originally “At will to.”

[550] _And at his, &c._] Originally,

“_And_ wyll it clere _enhibyte_.”

[551] _wyse_] Originally “true.”

[552] _shall_] Originally “must.”

[553] _above or hell_] Originally “_or_ in _hell_.”

[554] _Then_] Originally “But.”

[555] _Thou gettest true remyssion_] Originally,

“To haue _remission_.”

[556] _That never, &c._] Originally “_That_ haue _hadd_ no _regarde_.”

[557] _palia ... Bacchanalia_] It would seem from the context that the right reading is “Palilia.” The MS. has “Bacchanallia.”

[558] _after_] Originally “_after_warde.”

[559] _Colde_] Originally “Olde.”

[560] _Sustentations_] MS. “Sustentions,” and originally “Substentions.”

[561] _Excusations_] Substituted for a word now illegible.

[562] _his_] Originally “oure.”

[563] _pylde_] Originally “_pylde_ and.”

[564] _a_] Originally “the.”

[565] _yf_] Originally “leste.”

[566] _curse_] Originally “course.”

[567] _inamœna_] MS. “_In amena_” the latter word being substituted for one now illegible.

[568] _no_] Originally “out.”

[569]_Iscarioth_] Originally “Scarioth.”

[570] _galefull_] Originally “gale.”

[571] _bogorian_] Originally “bogorane.”

[572] _A privye_] Originally “And _a_.”

[573] _That_] Originally “And.”

[574] _As hogges, &c._] Originally,

“_As_ any pigge _in stye_.”

[575] _With confytes, &c._] Originally,

“_And_ portingale _fartes_.”

[576] _They robbe, &c._] Originally “Wher _they_ take _pillage_.”

[577] _them_] Originally “that.”

[578] _Of_] Originally “By.”

[579] _aspyre_] Followed by a deleted line (inserted above with a slight variation);

“Thyr hartes ar so on fyer.”

[580] _Performe_] Originally “We do,” the preceding line being an addition.

[581] _Hys_] Originally “Ther.”

[582] _That dare ons be_] Originally “No man _dare be_,” the preceding line being an addition.

[583] _Nor_] Originally “For.”

[584] _soch men_] Originally “them.” This line is followed by three deleted lines (inserted above,—the first two slightly altered);

“Mony meat or golde But be they shorne or polde Ther lyves not suche a scolde.”

[585] _For_] Originally “And.”

[586] _And in, &c._] Originally,

“_In_ all the all _the world wide_ _Vse such pompe_,” &c.

[587] _Of no, &c._] Originally “_Of no prince nor_ of _duke_.”

[588] _wonder_] Originally “wonderfull.”

[589] _agast_] Followed by a deleted line;

“But fede whilst they do brast.”

[590] _vpp stoores_] Originally “_vpp_ ther _stoores_.”

[591] _hym_] Originally “them.”

[592] _or advayle_] Originally “_or_ for avayle.”

[593] _And_] Originally “Their.”

[594] _But who so_] Originally “_But who_ euer.”

[595] _conquer_] Originally “subdue.”

[596] _grene wode_] Is obviously the right reading. MS. has merely “grenes.”

[597] _Though, &c._] This line is added by a comparatively modern hand.

[598] _Menander_] See note, p, 130.

[599] _Malepardus_] The abode of Reynard according to the famous old romance: “reynart had many a dwellyng place, but the castel of _maleperduys_ was the beste and the fastest burgh that he had, ther laye he inne whan he had nede and was in ony drede or fere.” Sig. a 8. ed. 1481.

[600] _Occanist_] So written, it would seem, for the rhyme; properly “Occamist.”

[601] _a knighte_] i. e. Sir Thomas More.

[602] _his Debellation_] i. e. Sir Thomas More’s _Debellacyon of Salem vnd Byzance_.

[603] _ages_] i. e. age is.

[604] _the mayde of Kent_] i. e. Elizabeth Barton.

[605] _by_] i. e. buy,—acquire, earn.

[606] _tymes_] MS. “tynes.”

[607] _cœli_] MS. “cely.”

[608] _place_] Should perhaps be “plite”—or there may be some omission in the MS. after this line.

[609] _predagoges_] Qy. “pædagoges?”

[610] _And many_] Originally “Some be.”

[611] _Nycticorax_] MS. “Necticorax.”

[612] _Fœdi_] MS. “Fedi.”

[613] _cacati_] MS. “caccati.”

[614] _merdati_] MS. “mardati.”

[615] _Larvi larvati_] MS. “Lerui leruati.” The line ought properly to be “Larvæ larvatæ.”

[616] _cathaphi_] Qy. “cataphagi” (voraces)?

[617] _incubiones_] Properly “incubones.”

[618] _balatrones_] MS. “ballatrones.”

[619] _thrasones_] MS. “thrassones.”

[620] _cacodæmones_] MS. “cacademones.”

[621]

_penitrantes_ ] } _ministrantes_] }

MS. “pennytrantes” and “mynistrantes.”

[622] Of many _sycophantes_] Perhaps “many” should be “mony.” MS. “sicophantes:” the proper form is “sycophantæ.”

[623] _dremes_] I suspect the author wrote “_sweuens_,” and that “_dremes_,” a gloss on the word, crept by mistake into the text.

[624] _cœli_] MS. “cely.”

[625] _incubi_] MS. “incuby.”

[626] _Ye_] MS. “We.”

[627] _fullatus_] Qy. “fulcratus?”

[628] _paralyticus_] MS. “paraliticus.”

[629] _contagious_] MS. “contragious.”

[630] _seyne_] Originally “sey.”

CORRIGENDA AND ADDENDA.

VOL. I.

DYUERS BALETTYS, &c.

Page 22. v. 13.

“He trusted her payment, and lost all hys pray.”

Dele the foot-note “Qy. pay?”—_pray_ (as I have mentioned in note, vol. ii. 98) being doubtless the right reading.

—— v. 15.

“The ryuers rowth, the waters wan; She sparyd not to wete her fete.”

The proper punctuation seems to be,

“The ryuers rowth, the waters wan, She sparyd not, to wete her fete.”

THE BOWGE OF COURTE.

Page 38. v. 215. In some copies the semicolon at the end of the line has dropt out—

“To you oonly, me thynke, I durste shryue me;”

Page 44. v. 368.

“What reuell route! quod he, and gan to rayle.”

Point,

“What, reuell route! quod he,” &c.

Here (as in the line cited from the _Digby Mysteries_, Notes, vol. ii. 116) “route” is of course a verb—What, let revel roar! I might have added to the note on this passage, that the compound substantive _revel-rout_ is used by Rowe;

“for this his minion, The _revel-rout_ is done.”

_Jane Shore_, act i. sc. 1.

PHYLLYP SPAROWE.

Page 58. v. 245.

“_Ma gni fi cat._”

In some copies the line stands erroneously,

“_Mag gni_ fi cat.”

ELYNOUR RUMMYNG.

Page 101. v. 185.

“God gyue it yll preuynge, Clenly as yuell cheuynge!”

_Dele_ the comma after “preuynge.” _Clenly_, i. e. Wholly.

POEMS AGAINST GARNESCHE.

Page 119. v. 40.

“Wranglynge, waywyrde, wytles, _wraw_, and nothyng meke.”

_wraw_, i. e. peevish, angry: see Tyrwhitt’s Gloss. to Chaucer’s _Cant. Tales_.

Page 120. v. 3. For “_shryke_” read “skrybe.”

AGAINST VENEMOUS TONGUES.

Page 133. v. 2.

“In Romaine letters I neuer founde lack:”

Put a semicolon at the end of this line.

THE MANER OF THE WORLD NOW A DAYES.

Page 148.

This piece (see Notes, vol. ii. 199) ought, I believe, to have been inserted among the _Poems attributed to Skelton_,—not among his undoubted productions.

TETRASTICHON VERITATIS.

Page 181.

The indentation of the second and fourth lines has been retained by mistake from the old ed.

AGAINST THE SCOTTES.

Page 185. v. 103.

“Your lege ye layd and your aly Your frantick fable,” &c.

Put a comma after “aly.”

ELEGIA IN COMITISSAM DE DERBY.

Page 196. The last line in this page,

“_Quo regnas rutilans rex sine fine manens_,”

as it is a pentameter, ought to have been indented.

MAGNYFYCENCE.

Page 234. v. 281.

“_Magn._ Largesse is laudable, so it in measure be.”

The rhyme seems to require,

“_Magn._ Largesse is laudable, so it be in measure.”

Page 243. v. 540.

“_Cr. Con._ By God, had not I it conuayed, Yet Fansy had ben _dysceyued_.”

Qy. “dyscryued?” In v. 2398 of this drama, Skelton appears to employ “dyscryue” in the (unusual) sense of—discover, search, try; and in the present passage a word equivalent to _discovered_ seems necessary.

Page 247. v. 681.

“_Fan._ Ye, my Fansy was out of owle flyght”

would perhaps stand more properly,

“_Fan._ Ye, my fansy,” &c.

Page 249. v. 746.

“I muster, I medle amonge these grete estates, I sowe sedycyous sedes of dyscorde and debates”

ought probably to be pointed thus,

“I muster, I medle; amonge these grete estates I sowe sedycyous sedes of dyscorde and debates.”

Page 258. v. 1033.

“That I wote not where I may rest. Fyrst to tell you what were best, Frantyke Fansy seruyce I hyght;”

Perhaps there should be a comma after “rest” and a full-point after “best.” In the last line, for “Fansy seruyce” read “Fansy-seruyce.”

Page 261. v. 1128.

“For Goddes cope thou wyll spende.”

Point,

“For, Goddes cope, thou wyll spende.”

Page 272. v. 1442.

“_Magn._ What can ye agree thus and appose?”

Point,

“_Magn._ What, can ye agree thus and appose?”

—— v. 1444.

“_Lyb._ Ye, of Jacke a thrommys bybyll can ye make a glose?”

is not a question: put a full-point at the end of the line.

Page 272. v. 1446.

“What sholde a man do with you, loke you vnder kay.”

Point,

“What sholde a man do with you? loke you vnder kay?”

Page 293. v. 2090.

“ye mary.”

Put a comma between these words.

Page 295. v. 2166.

“And some fall prechynge at the Toure Hyll.”

Qy.

“And some fall _to_ prechynge,” &c.?

compare the preceding line.

COLYN CLOUTE.

Page 328. v. 460.

“Iche wot what _eche_ other thynk.”

The reading of Kele’s ed. “yehe” ought not to have been rejected, as the earlier part of the line seems to mean—Each knows (not, I know), &c.

Page 332. v. 562.

“And qualyfyed qualytes”

ought perhaps to be followed by a semicolon: but the passage is very obscure.

Page 358. v. 1208.

“As noble _Ezechyas_.”

Read “Isaias” (MS. has “Isay,” _vide_ foot-note). See Notes, vol. ii. 298.

GARLANDE OF LAURELL.

Page 381. v. 477.

“Thus passid we forth walkynge vnto the pretory”—

insert a comma after “forth” and at the end of the line.

Page 384. v. 581.

“And _seryously_ she shewyd me ther denominacyons.”

_seryously_, i. e. seriatim. So in a letter from Tuke to Wolsey; “Thus preceding to the letters, to shewe Your Grace summarily, for rehersing every thing _seriously_ I shal over long moleste Your Grace,” &c. _State Papers_ (1830), i. 299.

Page 393. v. 790.

“To weue in the stoule sume were full preste, With slaiis, with tauellis, with hedellis well drest; The frame was browght forth with his weuyng pin,” &c.

Perhaps the right punctuation may be,

“To weue in the stoule sume were full preste; With slaiis, with tauellis, with hedellis well drest, The frame was browght forth with his weuyng pin,” &c.

Page 417. v. 1418.

“With, Wofully arayd, and shamefully betrayd; Of his makyng deuoute medytacyons.”

Two pieces seem to be mentioned here; and therefore the passage ought to stand,

“With, Wofully arayd, and Shamefully betrayd, Of his makyng deuoute medytacyons.”

The sacred poem _Wofully arayd_ occurs in vol. i. 141.

VOL. II.

SPEKE, PARROT.

Page 22. v. 441.

“Sette asyde all _sophysms_,” &c.

I ought to have altered the reading of the MS. “sophyns” to “sophyms” (not to “sophysms”): see “sophime” (i. e. sophism) in Tyrwhitt’s _Gloss._ to Chaucer’s _Cant. Tales_.

WHY COME YE NAT TO COURTE?

Page 36. v. 290.

“Into a mouse hole they wolde Rynne away and crepe, Lyke a mayny of shepe; Dare nat loke out at dur,” &c.

The proper punctuation is,

“Into a mouse hole they wolde Rynne away and crepe; Lyke a mayny of shepe, Dare nat loke out at dur,” &c.

NOTES.

Page 110.—“Page 40. v. 252. _Heue and how rombelow_]” I might have added, that “_heaue and hoe Rumbelo_” occurs in a nonsensical song (No. 31) in Ravenscroft’s _Pammelia_, 1609.

Page 124.—“Page 54. v. 118. _For to kepe his cut, &c._]” So in the _Coventry Mysteries_, the Pharisee says to the woman taken in adultery;

“We xal the teche with carys colde A lytyl bettyr _to kepe thi kutte_.”

_MS. Cott. Vesp. D_ viii. fol. 123.

Page 132.—“Page 66. v. 485. _at a brayde_]” This expression is used here in connexion with singing: and in one of the _Christmas Carols_ printed for the Percy Society, p. 51, we find,

“Wherefor syng we alle _atte a brayde_, nowell.”

Page 147.—“Page 84. v. 1078. _Enhached_] i. e. Inlaid,” &c. I ought to have observed that, though in the preceding line Skelton calls this beauty-spot a “sker” (scar), he means the wart already mentioned;

“Her beautye to augment, Dame Nature hath her lent A _warte_ vpon her cheke, Who so lyst to seke In her vysage a _skar_,” &c.

v. 1041.

and see too v. 1064.

Page 148.—“Page 86. v. 1151.

_She is playnly expresse_ _Egeria, the goddesse,_ _And lyke to her image,_ _Emportured with corage,_ _A louers pilgrimage_]

I must leave the reader to form his own idea of the meaning of the last two lines,” &c. The following lines of Lydgate may be cited as somewhat resembling the present passage;

“To hym appered a monstruous _ymage_ Parted on twayne of colour and _corage_,” &c.

_Fall of Prynces_, B. vi. leaf cxxxiiii. ed. Wayland.

Page 157. last line but one. “The gist or point of this satire had a noble origin, or there must be an extraordinary coincidence of thought in the _Beoni_, or Topers, a ludicrous effusion of the great Lorenzo de Medici, when a young man.” Dallaway was led to this remark by the following passage in Spence’s _Anecdotes_, &c.; “Skelton’s poems are all low and bad: there’s nothing in them that’s worth reading.—P. [Mr. Cleland, who was by, added, that the Tunning of Ellinor Rummin, in that author’s works, was taken from a poem of Lorenzo de’ Medici’s].” p. 173. ed. 18-20.—_I Beoni_, observes Mr. D’Israeli (referring to Roscoe’s _Life of Lorenzo de’ Medici_, i. 290), “was printed by the Giunti in 1568, and therefore this burlesque piece could never have been known to Skelton.” _Amen. of Lit._ ii. 79.

Page 166.—“Page 102. v. 229.... _fonny_ is, I suppose, foolishly amorous,” &c. I ought to have said “_fonny_, i. e. to _fon_, to be foolishly amorous,” &c.

Page 172. line 3. for “v. 490,” read “v. 400.”

Page 176.—“Page 113. v. 560. _mote I hoppy_] i. e. may I have good hap.” Rather, I believe—may I hop. “_Hoppy_, to hop or caper. Exm.” Grose’s _Prov. Gloss._ ed. 1839.

Page 184.—“Page 121. v. 46. _dud frese_] i. e. coarse frieze.” But in _Prompt. Parv._ we find “_Dudde clothe_. Amphibolus. Burrus.” ed. 1499.

Page 188.—“Page 125. v. 178. _Soche pelfry thou hast pachchyd.”_ Add to note on this line,—Dekker, describing “The Blacke Arte” (or “Picking of Lockes”), tells us that “The gaines gotten is _Pelfry_.” _The Belman of London_, &c. sig. F 4. ed. 1608.

Page 190. “—— _goliardum_].” “Goliardeis, _one who gains his living by following rich men’s tables, and telling tales and making sport for the guests_. See on this word the Introduction to the Poems of Walter Mapes.” Wright’s Gloss, to _Piers Ploughman_.

Page 195.—“Page 133. v. 3. _In your crosse rowe nor Christ crosse you spede_]” Add to note on this line that—in _The Boke of Curtasye_ we find;

“Yff that thou be a ȝong enfaunt, And thenke tho scoles for to haunt, This lessoun schulle thy maister the merke, _Cros Crist the spede_ in alle thi werke.”

_The sec. Boke_, p. 7. (printed for the Percy Society.)

Page 206.—“Page 157. v. 73 ... So Fansy, in our author’s _Magnyfycence_, exclaims to his _hawk_,” &c. But, though Fansy calls his bird a _hawk_, it appears to have been an _owl_.

Page 207.—“Page 157. v. 78 ... Juliana _Barnes_.” Read “Juliana Berners.”

Page 244.—“Page 246. v. 658. _a pystell of a postyke_]” Cotgrave has “_Postiquer_. To play the vagrant Impostor,” &c.: “_Postiqueries_. Cousening sleights,” &c.: “_Postiqueur._ A wandering impostor,” &c.

Page 271.—“Page 297. v. 2211. _rede_] i. e. advice.” Read “i. e. advise.”

—— “Page 298. v. 2233. _rode_] i. e. road, cross.” Read “i. e. rood, cross.”

Page 284.—“Page 326, v. 397 ... Cole’s _Dict._” Read “Coles’s _Dict._”

Page 311.—“Page 380. v. 474. _The carpettis within and tappettis of pall_].” I may just notice that in an unpublished book of Kings Payments, in the Chapter-House, we find, under the first year of Henry 8;

“Item to Corneles Vanderstrete opon his waraunt for } xv _Tappettes made for Wyndowes_ at the towre } ix s.”

Page 328.—“Page 410. v. 1219 ... but, though Skelton was in all probability an author as early as 1583,” &c. Read “1483.”

Page 345.—“Page 14. v. 280.” Latter part of the note—“if ‘33ᵒ’ and ‘34’” &c. I ought to have mentioned that at the end of _Why come ye nat to Courte_ (vol. ii. 67) we find (what is equally puzzling) “xxxiiii.”

INDEX TO THE NOTES.

[The figures indicate the pages of the Second Volume only, all the Notes being contained in that Volume.]

a, 245.

abbay, make a graunge of an, 285.

a tyd, 194.

abandune, 260.

abasshe, 106.

Abdalonimus, 362.

abiections, 294.

abolete, 366.

abused, 205.

abylyment, 275, 302.

_Abyron_, 227.

Acherontes, 123.

acomberyd, 271.

accompte, 275.

Acon, 366.

acquyte, 265 (see _aquyte_).

adnychell, 228.

adres, 218; adresse, 276.

aduysed, 248 (see _auyse_).

aduysement, 275.

adyment, 307.

affyaunce, 276.

affyaunsynge, 312.

aforce, 105; aforse, 276.

after none, 240.

again, 90 (see _agayn_, _gayne_, and _geyne_).

_Agarenæ, gentis_, 199.

agaspe, 260.

agayn, 226; agayne, 112, 119, &c.; agayng, 278; ageyne, 303, 304 (see _again_, _gayne_, and _geyne_).

agerdows, 329.

agryse, 118.

Akers, Saynt Thomas of, 298.

alamyre, 279.

Albany, John Duke of, 359.

——, his invasion of the borders in 1523, 375.

——, said to have aimed at the destruction of James V., 377.

——, his passionate temper, 378.

_Albertus de modo significandi_, 343.

Albons, Saint, abbacy of, held by Wolsey _in commendam_, 371.

Albumazer, 133, 333, 361.

alcumyn, 369.

alderbest, 374.

ale, newe, in cornes, 171, 247.

ale pole, 175, 314.

ale stake, 282.

Alerycus, 260.

Alexander, kyng, 143.

Alexander de Villa Dei, 343.

algife, 92.

all and some, 109.

all hallow, 168.

all one, 271.

alle sellers, 203.

allectuary, 100 (see _lectuary_).

allygate, 297.

almesse, 258.

almon for parrot, 339.

alowde, 244; alowed, 144, 195.

alumbek sodyldym syllorym ben, 93.

amense, 236.

_amicare_, 295.

ammas, 383 (see _amysse_).

amonge, 344.

amrell, 377, 379.

Amund, Quater Fylz, 138.

amysse, 134 (see _ammas_).

animosite, 382.

anker, 283.

Anteocus, 143.

antetyme, 241.

apayd, 367; apayed, 113, 196, 275.

apayere, 178 (see _appare_).

apostata, 212; apostataas, 284.

apostrofacion, 205.

appall, 352.

appare, 280; appayre, 343 (see _apayere_).

appose, apposed, 282.

apposelle, 304.

aquyte, 194, 325 (see _acquyte_).

ar, 181.

arace, clothes of, 311 (see _Arras_).

araid, 197 (see _raist_).

aray, 164.

Arcet, 136.

arecte, 237; arrect, 302; arectyng, 300; arrectinge, 310; arrectyng, 320; arrectyd, 100 (and see _erectyd_).

Arethusa, 145.

Argyua, 320.

Armony, 126.

armony, 218, 235, 306.

Arras, 294; Arres, clothe of, 192 (see _arace_).

Arturis Creacyoun, Prince, 327.

Arturs rounde table, &c., 137.

—— auncyent actys, 182.

Aryna, 321.

Arystobell, 210.

as who sayth, 86.

ascry, 152, 377; ascrye, 283 (see _askry_ and _escrye_).

Ashrige, 334.

askry, 145, 191 (see _ascry_ and _escrye_).

askrye, 368.

Asmodeus, 355.

asprely, 229.

aspy, 316; aspyed, 333; aspyid, 314.

assawte, 113.

assay, 171; assaye, 112; asayde, 136, 318.

assayes, at all, 242, 274.

assoyle, 291.

Assuerus, 143.

assurded, 307.

astate, 90, 302, 311, 313, &c. (see _estate_).

astrologys, 286.

astronomy, 133.

at nale, 117.

atame, 195; attamed, 232.

athrust, 167.

auale, 147.

auaunce, 106, 108, 235, 240, &c.; auaunced, 310; auaunsid, 192; auaunsyd, 276; auaunsynge, 320.

auauns, 381.

auayle, 97; avayles, 204.

avent, 104.

auenture, 113.

auenture, 118.

auncetry, 191.

auncyente, 143.

Aungell, Castell, 331.

Aungey, 254.

auowe, 109, 110, 116, &c.; for God auowe, 265.

aureat, 91, 145.

_aurum musicum_, 326.

Austen fryers, 297.

auter, 205.

Auycen, 332.

auyse, 109.

auyse, 106; auysed, 247; auysid, 309; auysynge, 105 (see _aduysed_).

away the mare, 162, 258.

awne, 176, 181, 183.

awtentyke, 288.

axes, 307; axys, 100.

ba, 97 (see _bas_).

babell, 171.

babyls, 234; babylles, 348.

babyone, 188.

baile, 91 (see _bale_).

baile, 182.

bake, 179.

balas, 347; balassis, 326.

Baldock, the iebet of, 340, 370.

bale, 96, 245, 268, 309 (see first _baile_).

bale of dyce, 117.

balke, 176.

Baltazar, blake, 179.

Balthasor (see _Guercis_).

Balue, Cardinal, 366.

banketyng, 350; banketynge, 352.

ban, 369; banne, 272.

Barabas, 178.

baratows, 316.

barbican, 331.

barbyd, 252.

bare in hande, 241 (see _bereth on hand_).

barlyhood, 171.

barnacle, 131.

Barton, Elizabeth, 436.

bas, 97, 166, &c.; basse, 262, 352; bassed, 268; bassyd, 184 (see _ba_).

Bas, 380.

basnet, 179.

Basyan, 260.

batowe, 247.

Bath, Wyfe of, 136.

baudeth, 161.

baudrie, 232.

baudy, 203; bawdy, 184, 188, 193.

bawmys, 316.

Bayarde Mountalbon, 138.

bayarde, bolde, 186.

bayardys bun, 93.

bayned, 230.

be, 103, 104, 180, &c.; bee, 227.

be come, 109, 119.

beade rolles, 285 (see _bederolle_).

becke, 252, 339.

becke, 280.

becked, 251.

bedawyd, 189.

bedell, 146.

bederolle, 128; bederolles, 122; bederoule, 126 (see _beade rolles_).

Bedford, Jasper Duke of, 388.

bedleme, 364.

begared, 283.

beholde, 240.

beholdinge a trauers, 228.

befole, 253, 265; befoule, 250.

Bele Isold, 137.

belluyng, 301.

belymmed, 112.

Beme, 340.

bemole, 134.

ben, 278, 362, 372.

bende, 248.

bended, 371.

bene, 107.

bent, 146, 252.

bere coles, 356.

bereth on hand, 360 (see _bare in hande_).

Bernard, Saint, 88.

Bes, Lady, 87.

beseke, 320.

besene, 112, 295, &c.; beseen, 190; be seyn, 183.

besherewe, 103; beshrew, 175; beshrewde, all, 97, 192, 279, 350; beshrowe, 244, 254.

best, 213, 374; beste, 238.

bestad, 320.

besy, 94, 109, 194, &c.

betake, 242.

bet, 302.

bet, 315; bete, 146.

betell, 247.

beyte, 113; beyght, 377.

bil, 196 (see _byl_).

birdbolt, 330.

birrall, 311.

bitter 130 (see _bytter_).

blasy, 190.

ble, 165, 180, 332.

Blenner-Haiset, maystres Iane, 323.

blennes, 165.

bleryd thyne I, 98.

blo, 103, 123, &c.; bloo, 197, &c.; blow, 198.

blode, 230, 271, 358.

blommer, 172.

blother, 253, 278, 289.

blow at the cole, 313, 353.

blowboll, 98.

blunder, 253.

blunderyng, 241.

blysse, 270; blyst, 263.

bobbe, 112; bobbid, 198.

Bochas, his Latin works, 309.

bode, 90.

boke, 208, 211, &c.; bokes, 278, &c.; bokis, 209, &c.

bole, 104.

bole, 247; bolle, 165, 264.

bolte, 240.

Bonam, Johnn a, 256.

bonde, 203.

Bonehoms of Ashrige, 334.

bones, 114.

bonet, 195.

bonne, 252; bonny, 166.

borde, 367, 381.

Bordews, 118.

bordowre, 203.

borowe, Sainct George to, 383.

boskage, 352.

botchment, 254.

bote, 268, 309.

bote, 180; botes, 244.

bote, 112, 127.

boteles, 96.

Bothombar, 354.

botowme, 319.

bottes, 222.

bougets, 143 (see _bowget_).

bourne, 302.

bowge of courte, 105.

bowget, 272 (see _bougets_).

bowgȝt, 198.

Bowgy row, 191.

bowsy, 159.

bowyers, 203.

Boyce, 308.

boystors, 301.

brablyng, 131.

brace, 216, 258, 266; bracyd, 271.

brace, 262.

bracers, 305.

brag, 189.

brake, 169, 221, 371.

Branxton more, 216.

brast, 270, 277.

Brasy, Pers de, 190.

brayde, 109, 132 [_Corr. and Add._ p. 454].

brayne pan, 161; braynpannys, 100.

brayne seke, 258.

brede, 337.

breke, 173.

bremely, 234 (see _brymly_).

brende, 232; brennest, 228; brenneth, 228; brennyng, 286; brennynge, 127, 267; brynnyng, 96; brent, 151, 235, 353 (see _byrne_).

brere, 315.

bresyth, 100 (see _broisid_ and _brose_).

brode gatus, the, 289.

broder, 240, 254, 266.

broisid, 314 (see _bresyth_ and _brose_).

broisiours, 316.

broke, 191.

broke, 165, 289.

broken, 262.

bronde, 245, 274.

brose, 370 (see _bresyth_ and _broisid_).

brothell, 269; brothells, 191.

brute, 233.

bruted, 286; bruitid, 304; brutid, 310.

brybaunce, 260.

brybery, 258, 304, 314; bryboury, 256.

brybors, 204.

brydelynge caste, 117.

brym, 221; brymme, 260.

brymly, 179, 257 (see _bremely_).

Brystow red, 161.

budge furre, 253.

bull vnder lead, 368.

bullyfant, 175.

bullyons, 326.

bumpe, 130.

burblyng, 230.

burde, 117.

Burgonyons, 359, 369.

burris, 319.

bushment, 91.

buske, 180; buskt, 90; buskyd, 221.

busynesse, 235.

buttyng, 191.

by, 236, 254.

bybyll, 175.

bydene, 295.

byes, 112.

byl, 375; byll, 333, 353; bylles, 141 (see _bil_).

bylles, 219; byllys, 216.

bynde, 188.

bynde beres, 378.

byrle, 167.

byrne, 377 (see _brende_).

_byrsa_, 340.

byrnston, 314.

byse, 325.

bytter, 266 (see _bitter_).

cabagyd, 350.

cache, 260.

cacodemonyall, 368.

Cacus, 210, 213.

_Cæsar, ave_, 341.

Cales, 352.

callet, 173; callettes, 170.

calodemonyall, 368.

calstocke, 359.

Calyce, the armes of, 118, 244.

Cam, 126, 369.

camoke, 179; cammocke, 353.

camously croked, 159.

can, 119, 217, 242, &c.; canest, 255 (see _kan_).

cane, 260.

Cane, 369.

cantell, 173.

captacyons, 319.

carbuckyls, 266.

carde of ten, outface with a, 113.

carders, 204, 313.

Cardynall Hat, the sygne of the, 356.

carectes, 366; carectis, 313.

carle, 265; carlys, 250 (see _karlis_).

carlyng, 344.

carlyshe, 126.

Carowe, 121, 126.

carp, 93; carpe, 286, 298.

casseth, 107.

cast, 377.

cast, 264, 270; caste, 183.

Castrimergia, 356.

cat wynke, let the, 168, 286.

catacumbas, 178.

catell, 255.

Caton, Pety, 344.

cattes necke, hang the bell aboute, 279.

Catywade, 178.

cauell, 271.

cautellous, 229.

cawdels, 267.

cawry mawry, 163.

Cayface, 181.

Cayme, 229.

Cayre, 178.

cayser, 247, 256 (see _kayser_).

caytyvys, 190.

Cayus, 182.

Cesar, Julious, romance of, 140.

chafer, 242; chaffer, 168, 342; chaffre, 106.

chalys, 212, 284.

Chambre of Starres, 355.

chare, 334; chares, 295.

Charlemagne, story concerning, from Petrarch, 364.

chase, 205, 368.

checke, 240.

checke, 259.

checkmate, 219; checke mate, 240, 296, 362; chekmate, 344, 382.

cheked at the fyst, 367.

chekmatyd, 96.

chepers, 203.

chere, 92, 159, 199, 238, &c.

chermed, 114.

cheryfayre, 85.

cheryston pytte, 347.

cheseth, 229.

cheuynge, 165.

cheuysaunce, 107, 272.

Christ crosse you spede, 195 [_Corr. and Add._ p. 455].

Christian Clowte, 104, 292.

chydder, 265.

chyncherde, 276.

Cidippes, 322.

clap, 207, 222; clappys, 100.

clarionar, 305.

clauycordys, payre of, 94.

clawes, 231.

Clementine, 291, 294.

clepe, 265.

clergy, 282.

clerke, 119.

clokys, 266.

clubbed, 173.

coarte, 195; coarted, 360.

cocke wat, 256 (see _cok wat_).

Cockes armes, 258, 262, 264, 269.

Cockes blode, 112.

Cockes bones, 270, 272.

Cockes woundes, 244.

cockly fose, 357.

Cockys body, 245.

Cockys harte, 243, 247, 251, 254, 265.

coe, 131.

cofer kay, 244.

cognisaunce, 195 (see _conusaunce_).

_coistronus_, 341 (see _coystrowne_).

Cok wat, 195; cok wattes, 108 (see _cocke wat_).

coke stole, 183 (see _cooke stole_).

cokwolde, 333; cokwoldes, 305.

cole rake, 370.

coleth, 176.

Colation, 366; collacion, 229.

_colostrum_, 341.

comberyd, 276; combred, 274, 280.

come of, 238, 251.

comerous, 113.

commaunde, 109 (see _comonynye_).

commaunde, 195, 240.

Commune Place, 358.

commy, 164.

commyth, 192 (see _cumys_).

comon, 261.

comonynge, 264 (see first _commaunde_).

complayne, 92.

comprised, 303.

conceyte, 113, 301; conceyght, 361 (see _consayte_).

_concha_, 212.

condicions, 378 (see _condityons_)

condiscendid, 305; condiscendyng, 325 (see _condyscended_).

condityons, 152; condycions, 228; condycyons, 271, 314; condycyonns, 183 (see _condicions_).

condyscended, 371; condyssende, 237 (see _condiscendid_).

confecture, 303.

confetered, 90; confetryd, 120; confettred, 232.

confyrmable, 275.

congruence, very, 302.

coniect, 317; coniecte, 346.

conninge, 228; conyng, 322; connyng, 229, &c.; connynge, 105, &c. (see _cunnyng_ and _konnyng_).

connynge, 119.

conquinate, 288.

consayte, 237, 239, &c.; conseyt, 319, 341 (see _conceyte_).

contemplacyon, at the, 263, 328; _contemplationem, ad_, 214, 229.

contenons, 178 (see _countenaunce_).

content, 231.

contribute, 86.

contynewe, 275.

conuenable, 317.

conuenyent, 239, 269, 374; convenient, 204.

conuenyently, 147.

conueyauns, 329.

conusaunce, 100 (see _cognisaunce_).

cooke stole, 349 (see _coke stole_).

coost, 119.

copious, 181.

corage, 98, 99, 100, 127, &c. (see _courage_).

cordylar, 381.

cormoraunce, 130.

cornede, 203.

corporas, 206.

corrompeth, 228.

corteise, 322, 324 (see _curteyse_).

corum, 284.

coryed, 263.

coryously, 315.

costious, 312.

cote, 330 (see _kote_).

coted, 289; cotyd, 362.

couenable, 96, 196, 320.

couent, 290.

couertowre, 338.

covetous, 204; couetys, 362; coueytous, 294.

coughe me a dawe, 254.

coughe me a fole, 254.

cought, 98, 133.

coundight, 315.

counsell, 100.

countenaunce, 113 (see _contenons_).

counter, 116; countyr, 181 (see _cowntred_).

counteryng, 316; countrynge, 131, 352.

courage, 228, 295 (see _corage_).

courte rowlis, 305.

cousshons, 183 (see _quosshons_).

cowche quale, 348.

cowntred, 92 (see _counter_).

coystrowne 92, 378 (see _coistronus_).

crabes, 113.

crafte, 322.

craftely, 309.

crag, 380.

crakar, 186; crakers, 203, 298, 357.

crake, 145, 198, 216, 248, &c.; craked, 205.

crackis, 305.

crakynge, 371.

Cranes, the Thre, in the Vyntre, 230.

cranys, 149.

crase, 328; crased, 147.

craw, 174; crawes, 187.

craynge, 250.

creaunser, 193; creauncer, 328.

Creisseid, 321.

croke, 299.

croked, 210; crokid, 211.

crokys, 252.

_Crome, nostre dame de_, 346.

crommes, 168.

cronell, 306, 318.

croppy, 176.

cros, the, 100.

crose, 283.

crosse, 118, 294.

Crosse in Chepe, the, 170.

crosse rowe, 195.

crowche, 116.

Croydon by Crowland in the Clay, 95.

cue, 236 (see _kues_).

cule, 354.

culerage, 284.

cultyng, 203.

cumys, 192 (see _commyth_).

cunnyng, 305 (see _conninge_ and _konnyng_).

cupbord, 369.

cure, 109, 228, 322, 357.

currysly, 178.

curteisly, 325, 337.

curtel, 118; curtoyl, 99.

curteyse, 321 (see _corteise_).

custrell, 243.

Cutberdes banner, Sainct, 377.

cuttys, 240.

_Da Cansales_, 344.

_Da Rationales_, 344.

dagged,163; daggid, 314.

daggeswane, 270; dagswayne, 378.

Dakers, Lorde, of Gillesland, 357.

Dakers of the Sowth, Lady Anne, 322.

Dalyda, 355.

Dalyrag, 189, 380 (see _Delarag_).

Dane, 309.

dant, 175.

Daphnes, 307.

dare, 258; dared, 379.

dased, 147, 355; dasid, 317, 331; dasyng, 315.

daucockes, 381 (see _dawcock_).

daungerous, 363.

daw, 205, 209, &c.; dawe, 119, 254, &c.; dawes, 113, 231, &c.; dawis, 371; dawys, 257.

dawcock, 375; dawcocke, 211, 266, 297; dawcokkis, 314 (see _daucockes_).

dawpate, 186.

daynnously, 106.

deale, 372; deall, 346 (see _dele_).

debarre, 237; debarrid, 304.

debylyte, 228.

decollacion, 207.

defacid, 337.

defaut, 304; defaute, 239, 248, 271, &c.

defende, 228.

defoyle, 381; defoyled, 176.

Delarag, 341 (see _Dalyrag_).

dele, 270; dell, 257 (see _deale_).

delyaunce, 239.

delybered, were, 228.

demeane, 134.

demenour, 266.

demensy, 364.

demoraunce, 228.

dempte, 118.

demye, 115.

denayd, 147.

denty, 131.

departed, 127.

depraue, 150, 226, 286, 297, &c.; deprauyd, 212.

derayne, 337, 379.

Derby, Margaret, countess of, 226.

dese, 164.

despyghtyng, 187.

desyrous, 103.

Deurandall, 181.

Deuyas, docter, 95, 297.

deuyll, the, is dede, 278.

deuyll, dynge the, 270, 379.

deuyll spede whyt, the, 252, 371.

deuyll way, in the, 287, 381; deuyl way, a, 315.

devyll, the date of the, 349; deuylles date, in the, 116, 119, 251, 270.

deuz decke, 280.

deynte, 108, 114.

deynyd, 198.

_Dialetica_, 211.

dictes, 339.

diffuse, 144, 303, 308 (see _dyffuse_).

disable, 231.

discured, 232, 377; discurid, 317 (see _dyscure_).

discust, 321 (see _dyscust_).

disgysede, 301 (see _dysgysed_).

dissolate, 228.

dites, 90.

do, 254 (see _done_).

doddypatis, 364.

domage, 228, 382.

dome, 125, 335.

Donatus, 313.

done, 117; doone, 199 (see _do_).

dong, 199 (see _dynge_).

donne, 252.

donny, 172.

donnyshe, 254.

dosen browne, 117.

doterell, 129; doteryll, 255; dotrellis, 315.

doute, 97.

doute, 264; doutted, 91.

Douer, 86.

dow, 206.

dowse, 339.

dowsypere, 363.

dowues donge, 210.

draffe, 96, 164.

drane, 378; dranes, 222.

drawttys of deth, 86.

drede, 118.

dredfull, 320.

dres, 105, 146, 303; dresse, 152, 382; dreste, 105.

dreuyll, 113, 119 (see _dryvyll_).

dribbis, 315.

dronken as a mouse, 289.

dronny, 166.

dryvyll, 184 (see _dreuyll_).

dud frese, 184 [_Corr. and Add._ p. 455.]

Dugles the dowty, 178.

duke, 141, 378, 382.

_dulia_, 234.

dumpe, 301; dumpis, 317; dumpys, 95.

Dun is in the myre, 333.

Dunbar, 219, 226, 376.

Dundas, George, 224.

Dunde, 219, 226, 376.

Dunkan, 379, 381.

dur, 226, 333, 358.

dyce, for the armys of the, 247.

dyentely, 338.

dyffuse, 144 (see _diffuse_).

dykes, 287.

Dymingis Dale, 368.

dyne, 96.

dynge, 270, 379 (see _dong_).

dynt, 260, 266; dyntes, 100, 265.

dysauaylyng, 297.

dyscharge, 152.

dyscryue, 275.

dyscure, 103, 105, 109 (see _discured_).

dyscust, 367 (see _discust_).

dysdanous, 314.

dysdayneslye, 350.

dysease, 275.

dyser, 255; dysour, 315.

dysers, 313.

dysgysed, 115, 205, 287 (see _disgysede_).

dyssypers, 228.

dyuendop, 131.

Ecates, 150.

echone, 234, 371, 377.

edders, 123.

edefyed, 228.

Edward, the Fourth, 85, 86, 87.

eestryche fedder, 116.

egally, 228.

Egeas, 210.

Egyptian, 161.

eke, 358.

ela, 132.

eldyr steke, 186.

electe, 261.

elenkes, 233, 290.

Eliconys, 192 (see _Elyconys_).

ellumynynge, 91 (see _illumyne_).

Eltam, 87.

Elyconys, 90, 136 (see _Eliconys_).

embesy, 303 (see _enbesid_).

embosyd, 301 (see _enbosed_).

emrawde, 339.

enbesid, 319 (see _embesy_).

enbewtid, 321.

enbolned, 229.

enbosed, 381, 382; enbosid, 311 (see _embosyd_).

enbrowder, 319; enbrowdred, 322.

enbulyoned, 311.

enbybe, 218; enbybed, 115; enbybid, 316.

encheson, 197.

encraumpysshed, 301.

encrisped, 307.

endeuour, 303; endeuoure, 323.

enduce, 303, 325.

endude, 207; endewed, 281.

enferre, 237 (see _inferrid_).

enflamed, 230.

enflorid, 326.

enforce, 229.

engolerid, 310.

engrosyd, 302, 308.

enhached, 147; enhachyde, 302.

enharpit, 91.

enkankered, 91.

enlosenged, 311.

ennew, 146; ennewed, 146, 309; enneude, 144; ennewde, 382 (see _enuwyd_).

enplement, 310.

enprowed, 144.

ensaymed, 207.

ensembyll, 348.

ensilured, 315.

ensordyd, 277.

ensowkid, 301.

entachid, 311.

ententifly, 323.

enterly, 198.

entrusar, 379.

enuawtyd, 311.

enuectyfys, 303.

Enui, 145; enuy, 267.

enuwyd, 323 (see _ennew_).

enuyrowne, 312.

enuyue, 321; enuyued, 261; enuyuid, 326.

enwered, 105.

equipolens, 372.

erectyd, 276 (see _arecte_).

erstrych, 340 (see _estryge_).

escrye, 297 (see _ascry_ and _askry_).

esperaunce, 228.

estate, 106, 150, 240, &c.; estates, 90, 241, 245, &c. (see _astate_).

estryge, 132 (see _erstrych_).

eterminable, 92.

Ethiocles, 229.

Euander, 143.

euerychone, 253, 286, 368; everichone, 204.

exhibycion, 233.

_Exodi_, 209.

exployte, 346.

eyen, 228; eyn, 331; eyne, 306 (see _ien_ and _iyen_).

eylythe, 192.

eyndye, 347 (see _inde blewe_).

eyre, 134.

eysell, 199, 285.

Ezechyas, 298 [_Corr. and Add._ p. 452].

fabell, 171.

face, 216, 234, 258, 202, 287; facyd, 271.

facers, 305.

faitours, 195 (see _faytors_).

falabilite, 195.

fall, 174, 219.

fals poynt, 103.

fals quarter, 312.

falyre, 166.

_famine_, 243.

Fanchyrche strete, 191.

fange, 373.

fare, 106.

farle, 255; farly, 97, 250, 252, 283, 381.

farre, 299 (see _fer_).

fauconer, 205, 206 (see _fawconer_).

fauell, 107, 245, 353.

faught, 91.

fauorable, 99, 344.

fauour, 146, 147 (see _fauyr_).

faute, 145, 195, 259, 278, &c. (see _fawt_).

fauyr, 183 (see _fauour_).

fawchyn, 271.

fawcon, the noble, 134; fawcoun, ientill, 324.

fawconer, 207, 209 (see _fauconer_).

fawt, 303; fawte, 113, 284 (see _faute_).

fay, 103, 274.

fayne, 95, 110.

fayne, 227, 232, 247, 268, &c.

faynty, 176.

faytes, 382.

faytors, 91; faytour, 382 (see _faitours_).

fe, 267.

feders, 173; federis, 212.

feffyd, 261.

felashyp, 112.

fell, 96, 103.

femynatyfe, 227.

fende, 123, 381, 382; fendys, 92, 370 (see _fynde_).

fenestrall, 331.

fer, 239, 274; ferre, 242, &c. (see _farre_).

Ferumbras, 178 (see _Pherumbras_).

fet, 160.

fet, 135, 170, 208, 237, &c.

fete, 339.

fetewse, 116.

_fidasso de cosso_, 339.

finaunce, 92.

fista, 211; fisty, 212.

fflusshe, 348.

flagrant, 323; flagraunt, 315.

flambe, 228.

fleckyd, 128; flekyd, 344.

flery, 245, 377.

fletchers, 203.

flete, 239, 254.

flingande, 381.

flocket, 160.

flode, 277, 338.

Flodden, battle of, 215.

florthe, 311.

flotis, 308.

fly, not worth a, 219, 243, 354.

flycke, 170, 290.

flyt, 276, 295, 363.

flytynge, 371.

fode, 104.

fode, 264.

foggy, 174.

foisty bawdias, 315 (see _fusty bawdyas_).

fole, 124, 180, &c.; foles, 233, 235; folys, 182, 211, &c.

follest, 193 (see _foule_).

folysh, 227; folysshe, 254.

folysshly, 233.

fon, 209, 249, 255; fonne, 184.

fonde, 186, 194, 205, &c.; fonne, 250.

fondnesse, 266.

fonge, 298.

fonny, 166 [_Corr. and Add._ p. 455].

fonnysshe, 244, 253.

fopped, 233.

for, 106.

for and, 182.

force, 113, 264 (see _fors_).

force, 264, 317 (see _forsed_).

fordrede, 141.

foretop, 261, 286.

forfende, 254, 276.

_forica_, 211.

forked cap, 279.

formar, 320.

forme, 313.

fors, 182, 380 (see first _force_).

forsed, 91; forseth, 255; forsyth, 239 (see second _force_).

forster, 301, 332.

fote, 148, 173, 199, &c.

fote ball, 213.

foted, 160.

fotyng, 296.

fotid, 316; fotys, 247; fotyth, 258.

foule, 130, 173, 252 (see _follest_).

founde, 233.

foxe, 110.

foy, 382.

franesy, 267.

Fraunce, fashions brought from, 250.

fraye, 131.

frayne, 360.

freare fell in the well, when the, 292.

freat, 132 (see _frete_ and _to-fret_).

freers, 243, 270 (see _frere_).

freke, 109, 244, 255, 381; ffreke, 178.

frere, 119, 288, 309 (see _freers_).

fresche, 189; fresshe, 149, 242, 302, &c.

fresshely, 116, 304, 309.

fret, 147.

frete, 88, 123, 146, 262 (see _freat_ and _to-fret_).

fretid, 197.

friscaioly, 230.

Frollo de Franko, 177.

froo, 193.

froslynges, 173.

froty, 274.

frounce, 207.

frounce, 261; frounsid, 151.

frowardes, 144.

frytthy, 301.

fucke sayles, 284.

fumously, 276.

furst, 100.

fusty bawdyas, 192 (see _foisty bawdias_).

fuyson, 91.

fyer drake, 370.

fyest, 170.

fyle, 290.

fylythe, 189.

fyll, 90, 171, 322.

fynd, 362; fynde, 126, 377, 379 (see _fende_).

fyngered, 160.

fysgygge, 175.

fysnamy, 182.

Gabionyte, 181.

gabyll rope, 320.

gadde, 258.

Gaguine, 366; Gaguyne, 327; Gagwyne, 309.

galantys, 260.

Galba, 260.

Gales, 170; Galis, 212.

Galiene, 332.

Galtres, forest of, 301.

gambaudynge, 352.

gambawdis, 206, 313.

gambone, 169.

gane, 181.

gant, 175 (see _gaunte_).

gar, 261; garde, 200, 268 (see _garre_).

garded, 115, 120, 203.

gardes, 203.

gardeuyaunce, 271.

gardynge, 316.

gargone, 190; gargons, 182.

garlantes, 295.

garre, 266 (see _gar_).

gase, 328 (see _gose_).

gaspy, 169.

gasy, 190.

gat, 175; gate, 191, 254; gatte, 255 (see _gete_ and _gotted_).

gande, 265.

gaudry, 191.

gaunce, 130.

gaunte, 130 (see _gant_).

gaure, 272.

Gawen, 136, 182.

gayne, 102 (see _again_ and _geyne_).

Gaynour, 137.

ge hame, 354; ge heme, 381.

geales, 204.

gelt, 176.

George, Saint, our Lady’s knight, 220, 223.

gere, 115, 149, 179, &c.

gerfawcon, 134 (see _iarfawcon_).

gery, 206.

geson, 187, 371.

gest, 177.

gest, 167, 254; geste, 245.

get, 327 (see first _iet_).

gete, 112, 118 (see _gat_ and _gotted_).

geyne, 102 (see _again_ and _gayne_).

giggisse, 328.

gingirly, 327.

girnid, 306 (see _gyrne_).

glauca, 228.

glaymy, 188.

glayre, 159.

gle, 306.

gle, 268.

glede, 180.

glede, 253.

glent, 263.

glent, 252.

glint, 312.

glome, 106 (see _glum_).

glommynge, 278.

glose, 259.

glose, 90.

glowtonn, 319.

glum, 294, 325 (see _glome_).

gnar, 358.

go, 124.

go bet, 169.

go or ryde, 360 (see _ryde and go_).

gode, 91, 382.

godely, 310, 323.

God in forme of brede, 296.

Goddes brede, 264.

Gog, 317.

golde and hole, 314.

_goliardum_, 190 [_Corr. and Add._ p. 455].

gommes, 275.

gommes, 168; gomys, 178 (see _gummys_).

gon stone, 380 (see _gun stone_).

gonge, 184.

Good euyn, good Robyn Hood, 355.

goodlyhede, 322; goodlyhod, most, 103.

goostly, 275.

gorbelyd, 180; gorbellyd, 183.

gore, 128.

gorge, 207, 263, 281.

gose, 161, 175, 184, 240, &c. (see _gase_).

gose, to sho the, 280.

gospellers, 209.

Gothyaunce, 260.

gotted, 270 (see _gat_ and _gete_).

gowndy, 159.

gramatolys, 346.

grame, 266; gramed, 297.

graundepose, 346.

gray, 354 (see _grey_).

grayle, 130.

gree, 306 (see _greyth_).

gresly, 188.

gresse, 307.

gressop, 125; gressoppes, 326.

grey, 303 (see _gray_).

greyth, 217 (see _gree_).

groinynge, 180 (see _groynninge_).

gronde, 189.

grossolitis, 310.

grouchyng, 353.

groynninge, 330; groynis, 194 (see _groinynge_).

gryll, 159.

grypes, 127.

Guercis, Balthasar de, 373.

gumbed, 160.

gummys, 187 (see second _gommes_).

gun stone, 314 (see _gon stone_).

gup, 99, 104, 171, 183, &c.

Guy, 136; Gy, 182.

Guy of Gaunt, 297; Gy of Gaunt, 184.

Gyb, 122, 128; gyb, 162.

gydynge, 209.

gygawis, 371.

gyll, 159.

gylly, 171.

gyn, 207.

gyn, 272.

Gynys, 184.

gyrne, 178 (see _girnid_).

gyse, 149, 161, 242, 248, &c.

gytes, 161.

habandoneth, 227.

habarion, 191.

hach, 100 (see _hecke_).

Had I wyst, 86, 239, 259.

hafte, 120 (see _haftynge_).

hafter, 239; hafters, 276; Hafter, Haruy, 107, 194, 353.

haftynge, 184, 245, 264 (see _hafte_).

hag, 380; hagge, 278; haggys, 99.

hake, 282.

halfe, 253, 301; halfe, on Gods, 174, 191, 290.

halfe strete, the, 272.

halow, 208.

hallows, to seke, 337.

halse, 265; halsyd, 98.

Haly, 133, 242, 361.

Hampton Court, 360.

hange togyder as fethers in the wynde, 265, 345.

hankin bouy, 208.

happed, 268.

hardely, 97, 104, 106, 109, &c. (see _herdely_).

hardnes, 199.

hardy on his hede, not so, 296; hardy on theyr pates, not so, 297.

Hardyson, Gorge, 190.

hare away, there went the, 353.

Hare, Jacke, 247 (see _Harys, Jacke_).

harnnes, 337.

haroldis, 191 (see _harrold_).

harow, 150; harowe, 262.

harowe, 274.

Harpocrates, 233.

harre, out of, 250, 269.

harres, 192.

harrold, 218 (see _haroldis_).

hart rote, 197, 330, 364 (see _hert rote_).

haruest gyrdle, 167.

Harys, Jacke, 211 (see _Hare, Jacke_).

haskardis, 313.

hast, in all the, 168.

hastarddis, 90.

hauell, 353, 362.

haut, 278; haute, 94, 145, 195, &c. (see _hawte_).

hawe, not worth an, 269, 349.

hawke of the towre, 250, 324.

hawkis bels, 209.

hawte, 112, 182, 248 (see _haut_).

hay, 194.

hay the gy of thre, 195.

Hay, the gye and the gan, 368.

hayle, 176, 195, 272 (see _heale_ and _hele_).

hayne, 113.

haynyarde, 264.

he so, 105.

heale, 367 (see _hayle_ and _hele_).

hear, 126, 288; heare, 88 (see _here_ and _heyre_).

hecke, 377 (see _hach_).

Hector, 141.

hede, 262; hedes, 175; heedes, 279.

hedellis, 318.

heery, 279, 291 (see _herey_).

hekell, 167.

hele, 240 (see _hayle_ and _heale_).

Henry the Seventh, his tomb, 214, 215.

Henry the Eighth, his letter to James the Fourth, 221.

hente, 120.

herber, 101, 315; herbers, 371.

Hercules, 150.

here, 114, 159, &c.; heris, 307 (see _hear_ and _heyre_).

herdely, 239 (see _hardely_).

herelace, 163.

herey, 191 (see _heery_).

hermoniake, 283.

hert, 198, 228; herte, 275, 307, &c.; hertes, 233, 294.

hert rote, 148 (see _hart rote_).

herte brennynge, 119.

herted, 280.

hertely, 312.

heue and how rombelow, 110; hey, howe, rumbelowe, 213 [_Corr. and Add._ p. 453].

heuery, 187.

hey, troly, loly, 93.

heyre, 248 (see _hear_ and _here_).

heyre parent, 243.

hight, 196, 317 (see _hyght_).

Hipocentaures, 150.

historious, 143.

Hob Lobbyn of Lowdean, 217 (see _Hop_, &c.).

hoby, 258; hobby, 135, 280.

hobby, 262.

hocupy, 184.

hode, 112, 118, 119, 120, &c.

hoder moder, 278.

hoddypeke, 255 (see _huddypeke_).

hoddypoule, 364.

hofte, 246.

hogeous, 205.

hoke, 299.

hoked, 159 (see _howkyd_).

hokes, 259.

holde, 271.

hole, 147, 181, 188, &c.; holl, 91, 303, 310 (see _hooll_).

holy, 91 (see _hooly_).

holy water clarke, 94, 135.

home, 119.

honde, 312, 329.

honge, 274.

hooll, 310 (see _hole_).

hooly, 239 (see _holy_).

Hop Lobyn of Lowdeon, 340 (see _Hob_, &c.).

hoppy, 176 [_Corr. and Add._ p. 455].

horne keke, 381.

horshowe, 132.

hose, 115, 203, 226, &c.

hosed, 233.

hostryes, 203.

hothyr, 347.

houres, 282.

houyr wachyd, 188.

Howarde, Lady Elisabeth, 321.

Howarde, Lady Mirriell, 321.

how, 341, 342; howe, 167, 257, &c.

howgye, 350.

howkyd, 180 (see _hoked_).

hoyning, 194.

huckels, 160.

huddypeke, 358, 381 (see _hoddypeke_).

huf a galante, 181.

huffa, 245.

huke, 160.

humanyte, 344, 361 (see _vmanyte_).

Huntley banke, 376; Huntley bankys, 221, 226, 357.

hyght, 126, 149, &c.; hyghte, 106, 113 (see _hight_).

hyll, 274.

hynde calfe, 301.

hynder, 245; hynderyng, 297.

_hyperdulia_, 234.

hytt, 198.

hyȝt, 198.

iacinctis, 311 (see _jacounce_).

Jacke a thrommys bybyll, 259, 305; Jake a thrum, 189.

Jacke breehe, 362.

Jacke of the Noke, 283; Jacke at Noke, 290.

Jacke of the vale, 239; Jak of the vale, 104.

Jacke shall haue Gyl, 240.

iack napis, 364; iackenapes, 269.

jackes, 204.

jacounce, 347 (see _iacinctis_).

jagged, 203, 278; jagging, 203 (see _to-iagged_).

Jak wold be a jentylman, 93.

James the Third, his murder, 219.

James the Fourth, his arms, 215.

—— his body how treated, 216.

—— his letter to Henry the Eighth, 217.

—— his appearing in arms against his father, 219.

—— his taking the Castle of Norham, 219.

—— his sword and dagger, 221.

—— his beard, 221.

—— his artillery, 221.

—— excommunicated, 222, 223.

Jamys foder, 104.

Jamys, Saint, 149, 170.

iangle, 234, 244, 283; iangelynge, 239; ianglyng, 231; ianglynge, 128, 149.

iangelers, 312.

Januay, 191.

iape, 278; iapes, 244, 254, 266, &c.

iape, 95, 112, 308; japed bodely, 104.

iarfawcon, 265 (see _gerfawcon_).

Jason, 137.

jaspe, 182.

iast, 171, 183, 356; jayst, 99.

iauell, 271, 287, 353, 362.

ich, 165, 342; iche, 271.

ich, 325; iche, 303, 306, 320.

I chyll, 159.

iconomicar, 308.

ien, 180 (see _eyen_ and _iyen_).

ielofer, 147; ieloffer, 323, 331, 333.

Jerome, Saint, his _Ep. ad Paulinum_, 235, 304.

Jesse, 252.

iet, 242, 250 (see _get_).

jet, 94, 160, 182, 242; iettes, 251; iettynge, 269.

ietter, 247.

jetty, 159.

I faith, dikkon thou crue, 213; In fayth, decon thou crewe, 115; In faythe, dycken, thou krew, 352.

illumyne, 105; illumynyd, 102 (see _ellumynynge_).

importe, 126.

impurtured, 261.

incontinente, 228.

inconuenyently, 378.

incyneracyon, 134.

inde blewe, 262; indy blew, 101, 311 (see _eyndye_).

indeuer, 277.

inferrid, 304 (see _enferre_).

ingrosed, 275.

inhateth, 275.

intentyfe, 323.

_Inter didascolos_, 343.

intere, 238.

intoxicate, 288.

intreted, 262.

Iobab, 340.

Jocky my jo, 218.

ioforth, 329.

ioly rutterkyn, heyda, 245.

Iopas, 316.

ioust, 165.

Ioyows Garde, 330.

Ipocras, 332.

ipostacis, 286.

Irysh, 218.

isagogicall, 366.

Isaphill, 324.

isprode, 199.

Judas Machabeus, 140.

_Judicum_, 341.

Iue, Iohnn, 329.

I wus, 114, 323; I wys, 98, 104, 119, 170, &c.

iyen, 227 (see _eyen_ and _ien_).

kan, 190 (see _can_).

karlis, 90 (see _carle_).

kay, 259; kayes, 242.

kayser, 287, 296, 362 (see _cayser_).

keke, 173, 280.

ken, 90, 146, 237, 286, &c.

kepe, 97, 240, 337.

kepe his cut, 124 [_Corr. and Add._ p. 453].

kest, 122, 126, 312 (see _kyst_).

kestrell, 135; kesteryll, 255.

keteringes, 218; keteryng, 379.

keylyth, 100.

kit, 91 (see _kyt_).

klycked, 116.

knackes, 203; knakkes, 345.

knackynge, 236; knak, 93.

knauate, 213.

knokylbonyarde, 243.

knowlege, 234.

konnyng, 304, 321, 329 (see _conninge_ and _cunnyng_).

Koppynge, kynge, 217.

kote, 364 (see _cote_).

kowgh, 131.

kownnage, 314.

kowththyd, 187 (see _kythyd_).

koy, make it, 257.

kues, 356 (see _cue_).

kus, 345; kusse, 128.

kybe, 174.

kyby, 312.

kynde, 126, 186, 238, 257, &c.

Kyrkeby Kendall, 115.

kyrtell, 149, 161, 172; kyrtelles, 163.

kyry, 289.

kys the post, 142.

kyst, 114, 184; kyste, 106, 118 (see _kest_).

kyt, 189 (see _kit_).

kythyd, 177 (see _kowththyd_).

lack, 195, 375; lacke, 196, 245, &c.; lake, 303.

lackys, 346.

lakyn, by, 240, 243; lakyn, by our, 265, 271.

lampatrams, 175.

Lanam, 369.

lanners, 135.

Laodomi, 323.

large, 95, 129, 190.

large, 239.

large, 243, 352.

largesse, 239, 241, 259, 264, &c.

_latria_, 234.

laughe and lay downe, 369.

Launcelote de Lake, 137.

lawe, 239, 276.

lay, 142, 233.

lay fee, 285, 286; lay fee, the people of, 234; lay fee people, 284.

lay, 305, 325; layd, 219.

layne, 113.

layser, 287, 362.

le, 268.

leane as a rake, 145.

leche, 173.

lectryne, 208.

lectuary, 275 (see _allectuary_).

lede sterre, 323.

Lederhede, 162.

ledder, 145.

lefe, 98.

lege, 118.

lege de moy, 176, 295.

leke, the vertue of an vnset, 173.

leke, not worth a, 280.

lemman, 118; lemmanns, 191.

lene, 107; leneth, 103.

lenen, 302.

lenger, 135, 229, 335.

lepe the hach, 100.

lere, 147, 159, 180 (see _leyre_).

lere, 257 (see _lyerd_).

lesard, 103.

lese, 194, 253, 257, 290; leseth, 228.

lesinges, 196.

let, 149, 208, 237, &c.; lete, 109.

leudly, 230, 231 (see _lewdely_).

leue, 276; leuer, 268, 294.

leuell suse, 354.

lewd, 279; lewde, 94, 108, 119, &c.

lewdely, 183, 287; lewdly, 184, 195, &c.; lewdlye, 346 (see _leudly_).

lewdenes, 194; lewdnesse, 138.

leyre, 262 (see _lere_).

leyser, 325.

leysshe, 244.

lidderons, 305 (see _lydderyns_).

liddrous, 195.

liddyrnes, 317.

lista, 211 (see first _lyst_).

Locrian, 217; Locryan, 376.

lode, 106.

loke, 312; lokes, 287, 350; lokis, 322.

loke, 165, 172, &c.; loked, 207, 313; loketh, 244, 248; lokyd, 239, 346; lokys, 250, 266.

loke, 259.

lollardy, 234.

lollers, 204.

Lomelyn, Domyngo, 374.

londe, 203, 320.

London, wall of, 87.

long, 95; longe, 129, 190.

longe, 119; longyth, 329.

Lor, 327.

lore, 267.

lorell, 132, 192; lorelle, 183.

los, 100.

lose, 281.

losell, 265, 266, &c.; losels, 209, 305, &c.; loselles, 287, 350; losyll, 239.

loselry, 364.

louesome, 268.

Louis the Twelfth, 236, 240.

loute, 263; lowte, 260, 264; lowted, 90.

Lowdean, 217; Lowdeon, 340; Lowdyan, 376.

lucerne, 333.

luge, 275.

luggard, 98.

lugges, 380.

lurdayne, 242, 381; lurden, 264, 265, &c.; lurdeyne, 297.

lure, 147, 207, 236, 357.

luske, 179.

lust, 91, 100, 266, &c.; luste, 107.

lust and lykyng, 98, 165, 262, 269.

lusty, 101, 129, 144, 147, &c.

Lyacon, 345, 347.

Lybany, 127.

lybbard, 313.

Lybius, 138; Lybyus, 178.

Lycaon, 127; Lycon, 179.

lydder, 234; lyddyr, 193 (see _lyther_).

lydderyns, 267 (see _lidderons_).

Lydgate, Johnn, 144, 309.

lyerd (see second _lere_).

lygnage, 227, 228.

lyghtly, 239.

lykes, 199.

lykynge, 85.

Lyle, Sir William, 376.

lylse wulse, 354.

Lymyters, 290.

Lyncole grene, 160.

lynde, 109.

lynkes, 173.

lyppers, 266.

lyppes hange in thine eye, thy, 253.

lyst, 146, 196, 263, 269, &c. (see _lista_).

lyst, 207.

lyste, 256.

Lytell Ease, 297.

lythe and lystyn, 192.

lyther, 239, 257, 268; lythers, 257 (see _lydder_).

lytherly, 245.

Machareus and Canace, 322.

Mackemurre, 253.

made it straunge, 310.

Mahounde, 362.

maistres, 328 (see _mastres_ and _maystres_).

make, 143, 282, 332, 344.

make, 186, 235, 303, 329.

make to the call, 262.

maker, 186, 342.

making, 332, 349; makynge, 223.

malarde, 251; mallarde, 131.

Malchus, 178.

male, 108, 117, 272; males, 143, 203, 223.

male to wryng, 142; male dothe wrye, 288; males, wrang vs on the, 353.

male vryd, 219.

Malepardus, 435.

maltaperte, 180.

Mamelek, 361.

mamockes, 268, 287.

man, 260.

Mantryble the Bryge, 178.

mantycore, 180, 183, 188; mantycors, 127.

Mapely rote, The murnyng of the, 330.

Marche harum, 208.

Mardocheus, 143.

mare, 123.

marees, 123.

margerain ientyll, 322.

Margery Mylkeducke, 172, 242.

_maris lupus_, 375.

Marke, kynge, 137.

marke, 254, 288.

marlyons, 135.

marmoll, 266.

marmoset, 183, 188; marmosete, 254 (see _mermoset_).

Marock, the streytes of, 370.

mary, 236, 239, 241, 244, &c.

Mary Gipcy, by, 333.

Mary Spyttell, Saynt, 297.

mase, 245; mased, 106, 235, 255; masid, 315; masyd, 212, 306 (see _maysyd_).

mastres, 103 (see _maistres_ and _maystres_).

mastris, 309; mastryes, 256 (see _maysters_).

mated, 355.

maumet, 371 (see _mawment_).

maunchet, 93.

mauys, 129.

mawment, 188, 379; mawmett, 347 (see _maumet_).

Maxymyane, 308.

mayny, 90, 357, 358.

maysterfest, 276.

maysters, 113; maystery, 238; maystryes, 264 (see _mastris_).

maystres, 312, &c.; maystresse, 261 (see _maistres_ and _mastres_).

maysyd, 260 (see _mase_).

Measure is treasure, 238.

Mede, mesteres, 408 (see _Meed, mayden_).

Mede, 145.

medelyd, 330; meddelyd, 307.

Meed, mayden, 209 (see _Mede, mesteres_).

mekyll, 242 (see _mykel_).

Melanchates, 127.

meledyously, 306.

mell, 96, 260, 279, 285, &c.; melle, 192; melles, 284; mellis, 346; mellyng, 295.

melottes, 291.

Menander, 130, 344.

mene, 260 (see _meyne_).

mengith, 308.

Menolope, 99.

menys, 259.

mercyall, 306, 308.

meritory, 310.

mermoset, 242 (see _marmoset_).

mery pyne, 117.

mese, 252.

messe, 270.

mesure is a mery mene, 241.

met, 170.

metely, 270, 312.

meuyd, 113.

mew, 236.

mew, 352; mewed, 356.

Mewtas, John, 367.

meyne, 238 (see _mene_).

miscreantys, 211.

mo, 87, 143, 232, 234, &c.

mobyll, 361.

moche, 239, 241, 257, 259, &c. (see _myche_ and _mytche_).

mockysshe, 280.

mode, 275, 362 (see _moode_).

moght, 256.

Mok there loste her sho, 331, 353.

mondayne, 229.

mone, 117, 239, 316, 346.

_Monon calon agaton_, 342.

moode, 113 (see _mode_).

More, Sir Thomas, his _Debellation_, 436.

morell, 93, 99; morelle, 183.

morowes mylke, 283.

mose, 301.

mot, 90, 379; mote, 176, 268 (see _mought_ and _mowte_).

motyng, 297.

motyue, 303.

motton, 273.

mought, 287 (see _mot_ and _mowte_).

moughte eaten, 278.

mountenaunce, 359.

mow, 191.

mowid, 197; mowynge, 269.

mowte, 310 (see _mot_ and _mought_).

moyles, 283.

Moyses hornis, 330.

mullyng, 165.

_mulum de asino pingere_, 214.

mummynge, 177, 278, 305.

Mundy, Sir John, 369.

munpynnys, 380.

mur, 129; murre, 272.

murmur of mynstrels, 306.

murrionn, 188; murryon, 178.

mus, 345 (see _musse_).

muscull, 175.

muse, 234, 331.

muskette, 135.

musse, 128 (see _mus_).

mute, 339.

mutid, 205.

Mutrell, 359.

my, 94.

myche, 347, 349 (see _moche_ and _mytche_).

myday sprettes, 350.

_myden agan_, 340.

mykel, 286; mykyll, 257, 258; mykkylle, 194 (see _mekyll_).

mys, 199.

myscheue, 119.

mysdempte, 107.

mysuryd, 91.

mytche, 177 (see _moche_ and _myche_).

myteyng, 187; mytyng, 165.

myȝt, 198.

naid, 197 (see _nayd_).

Naman Sirus, 373.

Nanphant, Sir John, 363.

nay, no, 275.

nayd, 198, 199 (see _naid_).

ne, 95, 105, 115, 119, &c.

nebbis, 348.

neder, 374.

negarship, 276.

nepte, 323.

nere, 363.

Nestorianus, 212.

neuen, 290.

neuer a dele, 100.

new and new, 145.

nobbes, 166.

noble, 269; nobles, 120, 227, 369.

nobles, 90, 382.

nody polle, 186; nodypollys, 346; noddy polles, 299.

noll, 112; nolle, 186; nolles, 282, 299.

none, 117.

nones, the, 126; nonys, the, 306.

nones, 122; nonne, 252; nonnes, 270, 284.

no nother, 267.

noppe, 242.

noppy, 162, 176.

Northumberland, fourth Earl of, 89, 90.

Northumberland, fifth Earl of, 91, 358.

Norwich, fires at, 214.

nother, 210, 239, 247, &c.

Notingam, 87.

nutshales, 360; nut shalis, 196.

nyfyls, 255.

nys, 103, 107.

nyse, 103, 125.

nysot, 256.

o, 190.

Obseruaunce, order called, 288.

obstract, 360.

occupy, 86, 242, 243; occupye, 260; occupyed, 187, 259, &c.

oder, 241.

odyfferaunt, 228.

Olibrius, 210.

Olifranke, 182.

olyfant, 175; olyfaunt, 185; olyphantes, 295.

Olyuere, 182.

on, 163, 174.

on flote, 120.

on lyue, 143.

oncomly, 178.

onfayned, 198.

Onocentaures, 150.

ony, 106, 108, 112, 116, &c.

ordynall, 134.

orgulyous, 231.

ornacy, 261.

Orwelle, 180.

ospraye, 131.

other, 237.

ouche, 141.

ouer, 230, 283, 288.

Ouer in a whinny meg, 340.

ouerage, 352, 382.

ouerse, 234, 374.

ouerthrow, 276.

ouerthwart, 103, 217, 373; ouerthwhart, 307; ouerwharte, 244 (see _ouyrthwarthe_).

ouerthwarted, 211, 284.

ouerthwartes, 223.

out yles, 222.

outray, 304; outraye, 123.

ouyrthwarthe, 193 (see _ouerthwart_).

pachchyd, 188.

packes, naughty, 203; packis, noughty, 305.

packing, 90.

pagent, 243; pageyond, 88; paiantes, 191; paiauntis, 330; pajauntes, pelory, 349; paiaunttis, 189.

Palamon, 136.

palettes, 170.

pall, 311; palles, 294.

paltoke, 181.

palyard, 348; palyarde, 378.

Pamphila, 320.

Pamphylus and Galathea, 344.

Pandaer, 141; Pandara, 142.

panys, 198 (see first _payne_).

papers weryng, 349.

parbrake, 381.

parcele, 192; parcell, 237.

parde, 264, 303, &c.; pardy, 219 (see _perde_).

paregall, 91, 322 (see _peregall_).

parfetnesse, 295.

Pargame, 125.

Paris and Vyene, 140.

parker, 331.

Partelet, 136; Partlot, 133.

partlettes, 204 (see _patlet_).

party, 109.

pas, 117, 125; passe, 180; passid, 316.

Pasiphe, 324.

pastaunce, 98, 147.

patch, 165.

patlet, 269 (see _partlettes_).

paues, 90; pauys, 344.

_Pawbe une aruer_, 341.

pawtenar, 205.

pay, 171.

payne, 110, 120 (see _panys_).

payne, 199.

paynte, 245; payntes, 294; paynty, 176; payntyd, 266.

peace, the, 170.

peason, 281, 371 (see _peson_).

pecunyous, 227.

pek, 129; pekes, 282.

peke, 244.

pekysh, 211.

pelfry, 188 [_Corr. and Add._ p. 455].

pendugims, 347; pendugum, 344.

peper in the nose, take, 359.

Perce, 145.

perde, 125, 258 (see _parde_).

perdurable, 344.

peregall, 348 (see _paregall_).

perihermeniall, 230.

perke, 187.

perkyd, 206.

persons, 287.

perspectyue, 102.

peson, 187 (see _peason_).

pestels, 172.

peuisshenes, 315.

peuysshe, 306, 314, 362 (see _to-peuiche_).

_phagolœdoros_, 227.

Phalary, 210.

Pharaotis, 195.

Pherumbras, 210 (see _Ferumbras_).

Philargerya, 355.

Philip Sparowe, 121, 262.

Phitonesse, 151.

Phorocides, 143.

Phyp, 125; Phyppes, 128.

piggesnye, 104 (see _pyggysny_).

pill, 229.

pine, 330 (see _pyne_).

pinkers, 203.

piplyng, 316; pipplyng, 229.

pirlyng, 319.

Pisandros, 309.

placke, 117.

playne songe, 95, 129, 130.

playnesse, 244.

plenarely, 109; plenarly, 239, 301.

plete, 268; pletynge, 358.

pletes, 161.

plumpe, 306.

pode, 104.

podynges, 173 (see _puddynges_).

poddynge prycke, 269.

poetis laureat, 307.

Poggeus, his tales, 309.

pohen, 94.

pointyd, 192 (see _poynt_).

poke, 119.

pole, 240, 344 (see _polys_).

Polexene, 146, 321.

Polimites, 320.

poll, 210.

Pollegians, 286.

pollers, 204.

polleynge, 184; pollyng, 189, 350; pollynge, 264, 353 (see _poollynge_).

_polyandro_, 227.

polys, 318 (see _pole_).

pomaunder, 324.

pomegarnet, 339.

pomped, 268.

poollynge, 284 (see _polleynge_).

popagay, 104, 347; popagey, 339; popegay, 344 (see _popigay_).

popeholy, 234, 242, 314; popholy, 230.

Popering, 340.

popigay, 341; popingay, 327; popyngay, 129 (see _popagay_).

poppyng, 231; poppynge, 239, 357.

pore, 203, 228, 249, 261, &c.

porisshly, 233, 314.

porpose, 346.

port sale, 162.

porte salu, 299, 312.

Portyngale, 368.

Portyngales, 170.

pose, 171, 248, 272, 374.

postell, 289; postyll, 347.

posty, 151.

postyke, 244 [_Corr. and Add._ p. 455].

potestate, 371.

potestolate, 371.

potsharde, 269; potshorde, 329; potshordes, 361; potshordis, 369.

Poules, 283.

Poules Crosse, 297.

pounsed, 120.

Pountes, 275; Pountesse, 240.

powle hachet, 98; powle hatchettis, 314.

Poyle, 312.

poynt, 189, 310; poynted, 251, 310, 325 (see _pointyd_).

poynte deuyse, 248, 261.

poyntmentys, 258.

practyue, 366.

prane, 260, 377; pranes, 281; pranys, 149.

pranked, 161.

praty, 103, 104, 191, 242, &c.

pratyer, 271.

_pravare_, 296.

preas, 296; prece, 244, 262 (see second _prese_).

prease, 196, 306; prece, 106 (see first _prese_).

precely, 276.

predyall, 294.

predycacion, 234.

premenire, 296; premenyre, 279.

prendergest, 93.

preposytour, 267.

prese, 164, 252, 310, &c. (see _prease_).

prese, 106; presed, 91, 308, &c.; presid, 306, 312, &c. (see _preas_).

prest, 125, 126, 206; preste, 318.

prestes, 284.

pretence, 245, 325 (see _pretens_).

pretende, 125.

pretendynge, 286.

pretens, 372 (see _pretence_).

pretory, 311.

preue, 119, 236, 250; preves, 203.

preuentid, 310.

preuynge, 165.

Priamus, 182.

prickyd, 193.

primordialle, 193.

probate, 236, 309.

proces, 143, 194, 211, &c.; processe, 230, 235, &c. (see _prosses_).

pronge, 243, 298.

proper, 339; propire, 345; propre, 125, 323, &c.; propyr, 347.

prosses, 146, 347 (see _proces_).

prothonatory, 310.

prouoke, 233, 290; prouoked, 87.

prycke songe, 95.

pryckemedenty, 176.

pryme, 312.

prymes, 282.

prymordyall, 361.

prynces _aquilonis_, 284.

Prynces of yougthe, 111.

pryste, 186.

Ptholome, 286; Ptholomy, 133, 361 (see _Tholomye_).

puaunt, 377.

puauntely, 187.

puddynges, 254 (see _podynges_).

puffin, 131.

pullishe, 303; pullisshyd, 310; pullyshyd, 261; pullysshed, 144, 149.

pultre, 255.

punyete, 173.

purple and paule, 283.

purueaunce, 250.

puruey, 368.

pusant, 302.

puscull, 175.

puskylde, 374.

put the stone, 242.

puwyt, 130.

py, 100; pye, 218, 344, 362.

pyggysny, 97 (see _piggesnye_).

pyke, 251.

pyke, 304, 328, 341, 344.

pykes, 185.

pyketh mood, 223.

pykynge, 110.

pylche, 172.

pylde, 253; pyll, 353, 357; pyllyd, 192, 193; pyllyd garleke hed, 184; pyllyng, 350.

pyllyon, 289.

pyne, 199 (see _pine_).

pynk iyde, 314.

pyrdewy, 94.

pystell, 129, 244; pystle, 282; pystels, 234.

pystillers, 209.

Qd, 96, 100, 103 (see _quod_).

quaire, 336 (see _quayre_).

quatriuials, 361; quatryuyals, 343.

quayre, 217, 345, 383 (see _quaire_.)

quecke, 268.

queed, 212.

quere, 91, 134, 284.

quest, 332.

questes, 203.

queysy, 273.

quibyble, 382.

quikly, 304, 313, 326 (see _quyckely_).

quight, 196 (see _quyt_).

quitte, 203 (see _quyte_).

quod, 97, 100, 106, &c. (see _Qd_).

quoke, 109.

quosshons, 233 (see _cousshons_ and _quysshon_).

quycke, 125, 173, 359.

quyckely, 148; quyckly, 261 (see _quikly_).

quysshon, 295 (see _cousshons_ and _quosshons_).

quyt, 220; quyte, 97, 266 (see _quight_).

quyte, 245 (see _quitte_).

race, 198 (see _rase_).

rachchyd, 188.

rage, 352.

ragman rollis, 335.

raist, 307 (see _araid_).

Raker, Jake, 186, 342; Rakers, Jacke, 357.

rammysshe, 265.

rankis, 226.

rase, 303, 335; rasid, 304, 337; rasyd, 103 (see _race_).

ratches, 244.

ray, 194, 233, 376; raye, 348.

Raynes, 268, 283.

reame, 226, 317, 364 (see _reme_).

rebads, 362 (see _rebawde_ and _rybaude_).

rebaudrye, 116.

rebawde, 192; rebawdis, 313 (see _rebads_ and _rybaude_).

reboke, 109.

rechate, 270; rechatyng, 234.

recheles, 96, 331, &c.; rechelesse, 229, 230, &c. (see _retchlesse_).

rechery, 277.

reckys, 255 (see _reke_).

reclame, 193; reclaymed, 148, 207, 345.

reclaymeth, 228.

reconusaunce, 320.

recorde, 238, 240, 361, 368.

recounfortyd, 308.

recrayd, 377; recrayed, 223, 229, 232, &c.

recule, 327, 331, 344.

reculed, 377.

red sparow, 128.

rede, 274.

rede, 103, 105, 252, 271, &c.

redlesse, 275 (see _rydlesse_).

redouted, 90.

redres, 100.

reflaring, 323.

reflary, 134.

refrayne, 276.

regiment, 348.

regraciatory, 310.

_Regum_, 151, 210.

rehayted, 263.

rehers, 211; reherse, 110; rehersse, 260.

reiagged, 362.

reke, 109 (see _reckys_).

reme, 221, 381; remes, 145 (see _reame_).

remord, 223; remorde, 193, 295, 303; remorded, 235; remordyng, 229; remordynge, 371.

remorders, 347.

remordes, 346.

remorse, 103.

ren, 196, 342; renne, 118, 167, &c.; renneth, 256; renning, 195; rennynge, 275 (see _rin_, _ron_, and _ryn_).

renayenge, 355.

renowme, 362.

reny, 232; renyed, 90.

replycable, 235.

reporte me, 91, 240, 285.

repryuable, 259.

_requiem æternam_ groweth forth of his nose, 272.

reserued, 264, 327.

rest, 238.

rest, 263.

rested, 229 (see _rosty_).

resty, 169.

resydeuacyon, 286.

retchlesse, 269 (see _recheles_).

reue, 265.

reuell route, 116 [_Corr. and Add._ p. 449].

reuynge, 353.

rew, 96, 127; rewed, 122.

rin, 303, 333, 335; rinne, 305 (see _ren_, _ron_, and _ryn_).

robbid, 198.

rocke, 167.

rocket, 160.

rode, 167, 209, 210, 213, &c.

rode loft, 206.

roke, 131.

role, 135.

rome, 243, 244, &c. (see _rowme_).

ron, 165; ronnes, 284 (see _ren_, _rin_, and _ryn_).

ronner, 265.

rosabell, 323.

rosary, 323.

Rose, Lorde, 357.

rosers, 315 (see _rosiar_).

roset, 119.

rosiar, 327 (see _rosers_).

rost a stone, 353.

rosty, 151 (see _rested_).

rote, 367 (see _rotys_).

Roty bully joyse, 94 (see _Rutty bully_).

rotys, 196 (see _rote_).

rough, 298.

roughe foted, 222, 226.

rounde, 120 (see _rowne_).

rounses, 150.

rout, 166 (see _rowtyth_).

route, 131.

route, 107, 171, 248, &c. (see _rowte_).

routh, 179 (see _row_, _rowth_, and _rughe_).

royals, 369.

royle, 379.

row the bote, Norman, rowe, 111.

row, 187 (see _routh_, _rowth_, and _rughe_).

rowllys, 189.

rowme, 303, 361 (see _rome_).

rowne, 263; rownyd, 306 (see _rounde_).

rowte, 252, 306, 358 (see _route_).

rowth, 98, 319 (see _routh_, _row_, and _rughe_).

rowtyth, 98 (see _rout_).

ruddes, 147; ruddys, 101; rudyes, 261.

rughe, 242 (see _routh_, _row_, and _rowth_).

rughly, 266.

_Rukshaw, Magister_, 92.

ruly, 341; rulye, 347.

Rummyng, Elynour, 157, 158 [_Corr. and Add._ p. 454].

rusty, 114, 247.

rutter, 246; rutters, 257.

rutterkyn, 246.

Rutty bully, 245 (see _Roty bully joyse_).

ruttyngly, 248.

ryall, 239, 241, 260, 302, &c.

ryally, 311.

ryalte, 277.

rybaude, 118; rybawde, 193 (see _rebads_ and _rebawde_).

rybibe, 174.

rybskyn, 168.

ryd, 274.

ryde and go, 125; ryde or go, 258; rydes or goos, 382 (see _go or ryde_).

rydlesse, 268 (see _redlesse_).

ryght of a rambes horne, 298, 350, 353.

ryn, 237, 270, &c.; rynne, 247, 270, &c. (see _ren_, _rin_, and _ron_).

rynne to _in manus tuas_, 268.

sacre, 135.

sacryng, 296.

sad, 147, 196, &c.; sade, 193; sadde, 110, 118, &c.

sadly, 149, 235, 267, &c.; sadlye, 346.

sadnes, 101, 332; sadnesse, 242, 245, &c.

Sadoke, 346.

Sadylgose, 266.

Saint Ionis towne, 218.

salfecundight, 312.

salt, 166.

same, in, 244.

sank, 334, 361.

Sardanapall, 210.

Sarson, 180.

_Sarum, secundum_, 208.

satirray, 308.

Satrapas, 177.

saught, 92.

sautes, 275 (see _sawte_).

saw, 361; sawe, 237, 288 (see _sawis_).

sawe, 239.

sawis, 371 (see _saw_).

sawlys, 198.

sawte, 262, 332 (see _sautes_).

sayd sayne, 298.

sayne, 159, 170, 337, 359.

Scalis Malis, 195.

scarce, 352.

Scarpary, 342, 347.

scholys, 211 (see _scole_ and _skoles_).

Scipiades, 382; Scipione, 219.

scole, 124, 187, &c.; scoles, 235, 256; scolys, 257 (see _scholys_ and _skoles_).

scornnys, 112.

scrat, 258.

Scroupe, Jane or Joanna, 122, 145, 149, 152.

scryue, 192.

scut, 315.

scutus, 355.

seasyd, 261.

sedeane, 134.

seke, 172.

seke, to, 183, 322.

sekernes, 337; sekernesse, 276 (see _sykernesse_).

sely, 278, 284, 287, 299, &c.

Sem, 126, 369.

semblaunt, 146, 256.

semynge, 261.

semyth, 192.

senaws, 123.

sence, 218.

sennet, 171.

sentens, 344; sentence, 144, 211, 276, &c.

sere, 227.

Serenus, 235.

sergeaunt ferrour, 99.

serpentins, 188.

[seryously, _Corr. and Add._ p. 452].

set by, 99, 240, 242, 260, &c.

Seuen Systers, cannons so called, 221.

seymy, 188.

seynty, 176.

shales, 284 (see _shayle_).

Shall I sayle wyth you, 112.

shap, 175.

shayle, 97, 233, 341 (see _shales_).

shene, 152.

shene, 371.

shent, 219.

Sheriff-Hutton Castle, 299.

shet, 313; shett, 335 (see _shyt_).

shilde, 90.

sho clout, 163.

shoder, 278.

shoke, 91, 313, 335.

shone, 161, 166.

shote, 240, 294, 299.

shoure, 379; shower, 219.

shreud, 164; shrewd, 284.

shrewdenes, 245.

shrewdly, 314, 362, 369 (see _shrewlye_ and _shroudly_).

shrewe, 380 (see _shrow_).

shrewes, 120.

shrewlye, 349 (see _shrewdly_ and _shroudly_).

shroudly, 257, 328 (see _shrewdly_ and _shrewlye_).

shrow, 193 (see _shrewe_).

shryue, 109, 291.

shule, 287.

shuruy, 187.

shyderyd, 96.

shyll, 353.

shyne, 148.

shyre shakyng nought, 174, 258.

shyt, 256, 356 (see _shet_).

silogisme in _phrisesomorum_, 342.

Simonia, 356.

_Sin, desertum_, 222.

sith, 197, 229, &c.; sithe, 177 (see _syth_).

_Sitientes_, 282.

sittyng, 304; sittynge, 303 (see _syttynge_).

skellet, 166.

skelpe, 270.

sker, 147.

skewed, 163.

skoles, 233 (see _scholys_ and _scole_).

skommer, 172.

skommeth, 165.

skyes, 233.

skyl, 375; skyll, 262, 270.

skyll, 238, 259, 279, &c.; skylle, 350.

skyregalyard, 348; skyrgaliarde, 378; skyrgalyard, 218.

skyt, 219.

slaiis, 318.

slaty, 167.

sle, 267; slee, 90, 120, &c.; sleeth, 228, 274 (see _sley_ and _slo_).

sleue, 119 (see _slyue_).

sleue, wyde, 248.

sley, 163 (see _sle_ and _slo_).

sleyght, 242; sleyghtes, 360; sleyte, 113 (see _slyght_).

sliddyr, 347 (see _slyder_).

slo, 90, 125, 146; sloo, 274 (see _sle_ and _sley_).

slvfferd, 184.

slyce, 172.

slyder, 167; slydder, 265 (see _sliddyr_).

slyght, 194, 244, &c. (see _sleyght_).

slyue, 250 (see _sleue_).

smaragd, 102; smaragdis, 311.

smerke, 317.

snappar, 209; snapper, 92, 234.

snurre, 334.

snyte, 129, 266.

solace, 96, 108, 265 (see _solas_).

solacious, 144; solacyous, 97, 316.

solas, 87, 126, 315, 341 (see _solace_).

solayne, 95 (see _soleyne_).

solempne, 253.

soleyne, 109, 346 (see _solayne_).

solfa, 279; solfe, 132; solfyth, 94.

somdele, 172, 227, 335 (see _sumdele_).

Some, 332.

somer, 101, 115, &c.

_sonalia_, 212.

sonde, 275.

sone, 219, 240, &c.; soner, 275.

song, 204.

soppy, 176.

sort, 91, 146; sorte, 163, 164, &c.

Sothray, 162.

sottys, 216.

sounde, 122.

Sowden, 211.

sowllys, 189.

sowre, 123.

sowre dowe, 167.

sowse, 184.

sowter, 265; sowtters, 186.

spar, 333; sparred, 207.

spayre, 127.

sped, 94, 143, 144, &c.; spedde, 244.

spence, 176.

spence, 269.

spere, 184, 251, 316.

sperycall, 335.

splay, 182; splayd, 199.

spone, 119, 166.

spores, 244.

Sprynge of Lanam, 369.

Spurs, Battle of the, 223.

spycke, 170.

spyll, 260, 270; spylt, 91, 199.

spynke, 129.

spynt, 194.

stale, 168.

stalworthy, 358.

stede, 118, 152, 162, 184, &c.

stellyfye, 323.

stercorry, 88.

sterrys, 347.

stert, 175; sterte, 120, 172, &c.

sterue, 379.

steuyn, 193.

stode, 306, 312, &c. (see _stonde_).

stole, 124, 278, 305.

stonde, 247, 259, &c.; stondythe, 349 (see _stode_).

stoppynge oyster, 119.

storke, 131.

stounde, 122, 362 (see _stownde_).

stoutty, 377 (see _stowty_).

stow, 206, 250; stowe, 252.

stownde, 381 (see _stounde_).

stowre, 216.

stowty, 178 (see _stoutty_).

straught, 195.

strawry, 163.

streynes, 261.

stubbed, 172.

Sturbrydge fayre, 342.

stut, 170.

stylla, 282.

styreth, 107.

styth, 212.

sufferayne, 312.

Sulpicia, 125.

sumdele, 93 (see _somdele_).

sumner, 217, 222.

superflue, 301.

supple, 339; suppleyng, 335; supply, 347; supplye, 248; supplyed, 263, 302.

supprised, 91; supprysed, 261, 312.

surcudant, 230.

surfillyng, 319; surfled, 281.

surmountinge,91; surmountyng, 100;

surmountynge, 108, 322.

surpluse, 237.

Surrey, Earl of, his badge, 215, 220.

—— ——, his arms, 220.

Surrey, Earl of (son of the preceding), sent against France, 354.

Surrey, Cowntes of, 317.

swap, 247.

Swart, Martin, 93, 94.

swarue, 323.

swerd, 260; swerde, 362, 381.

sweters, 162.

swyllynge tubbe, 164.

swynkers, 162.

syar, 260 (see _syer_).

syb, 162.

syde, 119.

Sydrake, 346.

syer, 371 (see _syar_).

syght, 217.

syke, 254, 265.

sykernesse, 268 (see _sekernes_).

sylt, 301.

symper the cocket, 160.

syn, 347.

syntillously, 228.

syth, 120, 199, &c.; sythe, 227 (see _sith_).

Sythe I am no thynge playne, 110.

syttynge, 239, 277 (see _sittyng_).

tabers, 310; tabertes, 283.

tails, Englishmen said to have, 224.

take in degre, 261.

take in gre, 267, 335, 360.

take in worth, 95, 145, 259.

taken, 241, 264.

tall, 368; talle, 177 (see _tawle_).

talwod, 353.

Tanaquil, 227.

tancrete, 360.

tangyd, 272.

tappett, 192; tappet, 257; tappettis, 311, 318.

tappyster, 242.

tarsell gentyll, 134.

tauellis, 318; tauellys, 94.

taumpinnis, 315.

tawle, 248 (see _tall_).

tax, 370.

tayle, 176.

teder, 119.

tegges, 164; teggys, 179.

te he, 232, 243.

Temmys strete, 97.

tende, 247, 253.

tene, 90; teene, 143.

tenter hokys, 252.

Terry of Trace, 178.

Testalis, 316.

Tetersall, 86.

tetrycall, 230.

tewly, 319.

Thagus, 145.

Thamer, 320.

thee, 243, 244, 249.

thees, 199.

theke, 253.

theologys, 286.

Theseus, 136.

thewde, 194, 358.

they, 188, 190.

this, 86, 128, 166, 209, &c.

tho, 228.

Tholomye, 342 (see _Ptholome_).

Thomas, St., of Kente, 114.

thought, 104, 124, 267; thoughte, 228, 229.

thoughtfull, 101, 307.

thow, 178, 187, &c.; thowth, 193; thowthe, 190.

threstyl, 131.

thronge, 107.

throte bole, 274.

throw, 193.

thrust, 168.

thumbed, 160.

thurifycation, 133.

thwartyng ouer, 355.

timorous, 306.

tirikkis, 335; tirykis, 342.

titiuyllis, 315 (see _tytyuelles_).

to, 129 (see _too_).

to, 94, 144, 145, &c.; to to, 249, 269.

to-brokyn, 100.

to-fret, 333 (see _freat_ and _frete_).

to-iagged, 163; to-iaggid, 314 (see _jagged_).

to-mangle, 283.

to-myryd, 181.

to-ragged, 114.

to-rente, 114.

to-peuiche, 180 (see _peuysshe_).

to-torne, 203, 353.

toke, 209, 312, 321, &c.

tole, 187.

tollers, 204.

tolman, 226.

Tom a thrum, 282.

tone, 254, 278.

tonge, 274.

tonge tayde, 284.

tonnysh, 162.

tonsan, 345.

tonsors, 288.

too, 125, 268, 341 (see first _to_).

toote, 129, 339 (see _tote_).

Topias, 380; Topyas, 180.

tot quot, 354; tot quottes, 287.

tote, 148, 344; toteth, 129 (see _toote_).

totyng, 297.

tough, made it, 196.

tought, 133.

towchis, 317.

towchid, 326; towchyd, 313.

Tower, the, 86.

tragedy, 218; tragydese, 194.

Trace, 312.

Traciane, 306.

tratlande, 375 (see _tratlynge_).

tratlers, 195.

tratlynge, 215 (see _tratlande_).

trauarse, 360.

trauell, 196.

traues, 106.

traueyleth, 228.

trentale, 212.

Trestram, 369 (see _Trystram_).

trete, 348.

tretory, 91.

trew, 259.

triuials, 361 (see _tryuyals_).

trone, 106, 260, 286, &c.; trones, 284.

trotters, 369.

trowle, 191.

trumpet, 305, 306.

tryalytes, 287.

trym tram, 161, 342.

Trystram, 137 (see _Trestram_).

trysyd, 191.

tryuyals, 343 (see _triuials_).

tuche, 203.

Tucke, Freer, 241.

tucking hookes, 204.

tully valy, 104.

tumrelle, 192.

tunnyng, 158; tunnynge, 163.

turkis, 310.

turney, 183 (see _tyrnyd_).

twybyll, 185.

twynklyng, 316.

twynkyng, 286.

twyst, 109.

Tyborne checke, 250.

tyde, 164; tydes, 133.

Tylney, Mastres Margaret, 322.

tyne, 312.

tyned, 245.

tyrid, 205.

tyrly tyrlowe, 167, 294.

Tyrmagant, 177.

tyrnyd, 177 (see _turney_).

tyse, 233.

tytmose, 131.

tytyuelles, 284 (see _titiuyllis_).

vacabounde, 203; vagabundus, 282.

vagys, 267.

vale, 195.

Valerius Maximus, 309; Valery, 210.

varry, 381.

Vaspasyan that bare in his nose a waspe, 260.

vaunteperler, 348.

vawte, 311.

vayleth, 353.

vayned, 148.

vaynes, 261; vaynys, 103, 198.

velyarde, 266.

vere, 196.

vergesse, 264.

versynge boxe, 110.

vertibilite, 195.

Vesca, 143.

_Vexilla regis prodeunt_, 199.

Vincencius _in Speculo_, 309.

vmanyte, 319 (see _humanyte_).

vmblis, 329.

vmwhyle, 181.

vnbrent, 231.

vncouthes, 296.

vndermynde, 360.

vnethes, 278 (see _vnneth_).

vnhappy, 195, 259.

vnfayned, 207.

vnlust, 163.

vnlusty, 146.

vnlykynge, 267.

vnneth, 112, 122, 148 (see _vnethes_).

vnpropyce, 228.

vnsowndy, 159.

vntayde, 195.

vntwynde, 126, 287, 333.

vntydy, 164.

voluell, 336, 342.

voyde, 240.

vrcheons, 355.

vre, 296.

vred, 232, 235, 377; vryd, 236.

vtter, 175, 247.

vtteraunce, 261.

vycaryes, 287.

vyse, 235.

wake, 130.

wake, 117, 141.

walk, and be nought, 95.

Walshmans hose, 289, 329.

Waltoms calfe, as wyse as, 290.

walter, 267.

wambleth, 263.

wan, 98, 369.

wane, 369.

wanhope, 275.

warde, 184.

ware, 283.

Warham, archbishop, 372.

wark, 97; warke, 135, 137, &c.; warkes, 203, &c.; warkis, 309, &c.; warkys, 276, &c.

warke, 100, 144, 257, &c.

warlde, 193.

warne, 265 (see _werne_).

warre, 250; warse, 190, 354.

wary, 186, 272.

waspy, 169.

watchynge, 115.

waterlag, 341.

wawes, 299; wawys, 277.

wed, to, 270.

wedder, 333.

wele, 301, 303, 304, &c.

wele was, 325; wele were, 317; well were, 265.

weltyth, 259.

wende, 113; wene, 119.

wengaunce, 272.

Wentworthe, Mastres Margery, 322.

were, 149, 227, 303.

werke, 288, 297; werkes, 234, 279; werkis, 305 (see _wark_).

werne, 107 (see _warne_ and _werryn_).

werre, 105.

werryn, 279 (see _warne_ and _werne_).

weryed on, 262.

wesant, 175; wesaunt, 297.

wete, 118, 125, 263.

wetewoldis, 305.

wetynge, 112.

weue in the stoule, 318.

wexid, 206.

whalis bone, 311.

wharrowe, 168.

wheled, 374.

wher, 193.

where as, 228, 237, &c.; whereas, 165, 228, &c.

wherfore and why, 121.

wheywormed, 175.

whilom, 342.

whipling, 358.

whom, 109.

whose, 91.

whylest, 240, 258, 202; whylyst, 245.

whym wham, 161.

whynarde, 115.

whypslouens, 183.

whyste, 306.

whytyng, 165.

wist, 317 (see _wyse_).

withhold, 150; withholde, 337.

wod, 299; wode, 91, 277, 362 (see _wood_).

woke, 264; wokys, 252.

woll, 161.

Wolsey, Cardinal, the son of a butcher, 349, 358, 361.

—— his poleaxes, pillars, and mule, 350.

—— his gifts and annuities from foreign powers, 355.

—— his luxurious living, 356.

—— his palaces, 360.

—— difficulty of access to him, 362.

—— chaplain to Sir John Nanphant, 364.

—— his tearing of the king’s letters, 364.

—— his holding the abbacy of St. Albans in _commendam_, 371.

—— made chancellor, without having employed any unfair means to supersede Warham, 372.

Wolsey, said to have had the pox, 373.

wonder, 263; wonders, 237.

wonderly, 112, 306.

wonne, 244, 250, 258; wonnes, 97; wonnyng, 279; wonnys, 236.

wonnynge, 162.

wood, 148, 151; woode, 113 (see _wod_).

woodhacke, 129.

worlde, it is a, 119.

worshiply, 91.

worshyp, 90, 239, 243, 259, &c.

worsshepfully, 294.

wortes, 254.

wot, 342; wote, 173; wotith, 333; wotte, 189 (see _wyt_).

woundis fyue, 196.

wrate, 196, 205, 308, &c. (see _wrete_).

[wraw, _Corr. and Add._ p. 450.]

wren, our Ladyes hen, 135.

wrenche, 100; wrenchis, 328.

wrest vp, 286.

wretchockes, 173.

wrete, 119 (see _wrate_).

Wrig wrag, 194, 341, 380.

wring, 91.

wroken, 174, 262, 287.

wronge, 146.

wrotes, 194.

wrouȝt, 198.

wrynge thy be in a brake, 271.

wull, 278.

wyddred, 227.

wyl, 192; wyll, 86, 193.

wylage, 190.

wylla, 282.

wynche, 280.

Wyndsore, 87.

wyrry, 358.

wyse, 187; wyst, 94, 189, 253; wyste, 112 (see _wist_).

wyt, 236 (see _wot_).

wyte, 274.

xall, 187, 188, 194; xalte, 190.

xulde, 184, 187, 191, 194; xulddst, 188.

yane, 169.

yarke, 243.

yatis, 312.

yaue, 192.

yawde, 298.

ydder, 265.

ye, 109, 237, 238, &c.

yede, 205.

yeld, 89.

yerne, 332.

yl ticers, 204.

ylke, 377.

ymet, 242.

ynowe, 120.

Yorkes Place, 360.

ypocras, 285, 356.

ȝe, 182, 183, 184.

Zenophontes, 124.

ȝeris, 86.

ȝytt, 198.

ADDITIONAL NOTES.

The last line of the _Decastichon_, &c. vol. ii. 66,—

“_Asperius nihil est misero quum surget in altum_,”

is from Claudian,

“_Asperius nihil est_ humili _cum surgit in altum_.”

_In Eutrop._ I. 181.

Add to note on the line,

_Whome fortune and fate playnly haue discust_,

vol. ii. 321.

that _discust_ is used in the same sense by Drayton;

“Neuer did death so terrible appeare, Since first their Armes the English learnt to weeld, Who would see slaughter, might behold it heere In the true shape vpon this fatall field; In vaine was valour, and in vaine was feare, In vaine to fight, in vaine it was to yeeld, In vaine to fly; for destiny _discust_, By their owne hands or others’ dye they must.”

_The Miseries of Queene Margarite_, p. 115. ed. 1627.

THE END.

LONDON: PRINTED BY ROBSON, LEVEY, AND FRANKLYN, Great New Street, Fetter Lane.

ADDENDA.

VOL. I.

ACCOUNT OF SKELTON AND HIS WRITINGS.

Page xviii. line 17.

“Ora lepore fluunt, sicuti dives _fagus_ auro.”

For “_fagus_” read “Tagus.” This obvious error, which unaccountably had escaped my notice, was pointed out in _Quart. Rev._ lxxiii. 513.

P. xx. The following verses are transcribed from a MS. (in the collection of the late Mr. B. H. Bright) consisting of _Hymni_, &c. by Picus Mirandula:

“_Pici Mirandulæ Carmen Extemporale._

Quid tibi facundum nostra in præconia fontem Solvere collibuit, Æterna vates, Skelton, dignissime lauro, Castalidumque decus? Nos neque Pieridum celebramus antra sororum, Fonte nec Aonio Ebibimus vatum ditantes ora liquores. At tibi Apollo chelym [_sic_] Auratam dedit, et vocalia plectra sorores; Inque tuis labiis Dulcior Hyblæo residet suadela liquore; Se tibi Calliope Infudit totam: tu carmine vincis olorem; Cedit et ipse tibi Ultro porrecta cithara Rhodopeius Orpheus: Tu modulante lyra Et mulcere feras et duras ducere quercus, Tu potes et rapidos Flexanimis fidibus fluviorum sistere cursus; Flectere saxa potes. Græcia Mæonio quantum debebat Homero, Mantua Virgilio, Tantum Skeltoni jam se debere fatetur Terra Britanna suo: Primus in hanc Latio deduxit ab orbe Camenas; Primus hic edocuit Exculte pureque loqui: te principe, Skelton, Anglia nil metuat Vel cum Romanis versu certare poetis. Vive valeque diu!”

P. xxxiv. To my notices of Garnesche add the following (collected by Mr. D. E. Davy) from _Gent. Mag._ for Sept. 1844, p. 229:

“Sir Christopher Garneys, knt., whom I suppose to be the person who was the object of Skelton’s satire, was the second son of Edmund Garneys, esq. of Beccles, who was the second son of Peter Garneys, esq. of Beccles, whose eldest son, Thomas, was of Kenton. He, ‘Sir Christopher,’ was janitor of Caleys, and often employed in the wars temp. H. viii....

In a window of the chapel in the north aisle of St. Peter’s Mancroft Church, Norfolk, was the following inscription: ‘ ... anda ... a ... Dei, pro animabus Thome Elys tercia vice hujus civitatis Norwici Majoris et Margarete consortis sue.—Orandumque est pro animabus Edmundi Garnysh armigeri, et Matilde ejus consortis, filie predictorum Thome Elis et Margarete, ac pro longevo statu Christopheri Garnysh militis, dicti serenissimi Principis ville sue Calisie Janitoris.’ See Blomf. Norf. vol. iv. p. 199. [vol. ii. 628. ed. fol.]

‘A description of the Standards borne in the field by Peers and Knights in the reign of Hen. Eighth, from a MS. in the College of Arms marked I. 2. Compiled between the years 1510 and 1525.’—Syr Christoffer Garnys. ‘A on a wreath, Argent and Gules, an arm erased below the elbow, and erect proper, holding a falchion Argent, pomel and hilt Or, the blade imbrued in 3 places Gules. (Imperfect.)—Arms. Argent a chevron Azure between 3 escallops Sable.’ Excerpta Historica, p. 317.

‘Standards, temp. H. viii. Harl. MS. 4632. Syr Xr’ofer Garneyshe. Blue. The device, on a wreath Argent and Gules, an arm erased, grasping a scymitar, Proper.—Motto, ‘Oublere ne dois.’’ Collect. Topog. vol. iii. p. 64.

‘The names of the Inglishmen which were sent in Ambassade to the French King, before the Qwenes Landing, and oder Gentilmen in their Compaigne.’—‘Sir Christopher Garneys’ (inter al.).—Leland’s Collect, vol. ii. p. 704.

In the Athenæum for July 18, 1840, p. 572, there is a long letter, dated ‘at Morpeth, the xxviij day of Decembre,’ and signed ‘C. Garneys,’ whom the editor supposes to have been one of the medical attendants sent by the King, upon the illness of Queen Margaret: it was more probably [certainly, see _Account of Skelton and his Writings_, p. xxxii.] Sir Christ. Garneys, knt.

Sir Christopher was knighted at Touraine, 25 Dec. 5 H. viii. 1513, and married Jane, daughter of.... She died 27th March, 1552. Her will was dated 27th Aug. 1550, and proved 12th May, 1552; she was buried at Greenwich. Her husband was dead when she made her will. She names her son Arthur Dymoke, esq. Bequeaths most of her personal estate for charitable purposes.”

EXAMPLES OF THE METRE CALLED SKELTONICAL.

P. cxxiii.

“_O quam venenosa_ pestis.”

The reviewer in _Gent. Mag._ p. 243, thinks that no line has been omitted here, and would read for the rhyme “pecus.”

POEMS.

P. 106.

“Jone sayne she had eaten a _fyest_.”

“Foist,” says the reviewer in _G. M._ p. 243, “is a toadstool in Suffolk language:” but qy. is that the meaning of “fyest” in our text? see my note.

P. 117.

“your _semely_ snowte doth passe.”

Because the MS., as I have stated, appears at first sight to have “scriuely,” the reviewer in _G. M._ p. 243, says “the proper word is _snively_” and compares an expression in another poem _Against Garnesche_, p. 120, “In the pott your _nose_ dedde _sneuyll_,” and one in _Magnyfy ence_, p. 286, “The snyte _snyueled_ in the _snowte_.” But I still think that “semely” is right: Skelton afterwards (p. 130) tells Garnesche that he has “A _semly nose_ and a stowte;” and the line now in question is immediately followed by

“Howkyd as an hawkys beke, _lyke Syr Topyas_,”

i. e. the Sire Thopas of Chaucer; and the said Sire Thopas (_Cant. Tales_, v. 13659, ed. Tyr.) “had a _semeley nose_.”

P. 133.

“_Hic notat purpuraria arte intextas literas Romanas in amictibus_ post _ambulonum ante et retro._”

The reviewer in _G. M._ p. 244, takes “post” to be an abridgement of “_positas:_” which is a very probable conjecture.

P. 134.

“Such tunges vnhappy hath made great _diuision_ In realmes, in cities, by suche fals abusion,” &c.

The reviewer in _G. M._ p. 244, says “Should not _diuision_ be _delusion_?” I answer,—certainly not.

P. 139.

“Mary _the_ mother.”

I have queried “_thy_ mother”? to which the reviewer in _G. M._ p. 244 (rightly, I believe) objects—“the mother, mater, being an _epitheton commune_, an usual predicate of the Virgin.”

P. 163.

“_Hos rapiet numeros non homo, sed_ mala bos. _Ex parte rem chartæ adverte aperte, pone Musam Arethusam_ hanc.”

The reviewer in _G. M._ p. 244, would read

“_Hos rapiet numeros, non homo sed_ mulus aut bos,”

comparing (p. 170) “_Asinus_, mulus velut, et bos.” But why alter what Skelton intended for a pentameter? In what follows, the reviewer says that “‘hanc’ should be placed in hooks [hanc], as we think it is only a misprint for ‘aut’.” Would not “aut” stand oddly at the end of a sentence?

P. 170.

“_Et_ cines _socios_.”

“Should it not be ‘_cives_’?” says the reviewer in _G. M._ p. 244. No,—as the preceding “_Carpens vitales auras_” shews.

P. 218.

“_Qui_ caterisatis _categorias cacodæmoniorum_.”

“Mr. Dyce,” says the reviewer in _G. M._ p. 244, “conjectures _catarrhizatis_, which we do not exactly understand. We should read ‘cæteris datis;’” and he compares “enduced a secte” at p. 216, and two other similar passages. I still think that “caterisatis” is probably the old spelling of “_catarrhizatis_.”

P. 259. “_Hic ingrediatur_ FOLY, _quatiendo_ crema _et faciendo multum, feriendo tabulas et similia_.”

The reviewer in _G. M._ p. 245, supposes that “crema” is the Greek word χρημα Latinised, and that it here means “his thing or _bauble_.” I greatly doubt it.

P. 263.

“Howe rode he by you? howe put he to _you_?”

As a rhyme is wanting to “vyser” and “dyser,” I conjectured “_you_ there.”—“We,” says the reviewer in _G. M._ p. 245, “would rather break the line into two short verses,—

‘How rode he by you? Howe put he to you?’

as v. 1132, with the same cadence and accent,

‘_Fan._ What callest thou thy dogge?

_Fol._ Tusshe, his name is Gryme?’”

But the reviewer ought to have seen that the _two SPEECHES_ last cited make up _one line_.

P. 278.

“Call for a _candell_ and cast vp your gorge.”

The reviewer in _G. M._ p. 245, observes, “Mr. Dyce proposes _caudell_; but is there any authority for _caudell_ as an emetic? We think not, and that the text is right.” I now think so too.

P. 306.

“_Sad Cyr._ Then ye repent you of foly in tymes past?

_Magn._ Sothely, to repent me I haue grete cause: Howe be it from you I receyued a letter, Whiche conteyned in it a specyall clause,” &c.

The reviewer in _G. M._ p. 245, to restore the rhyme, would read—

“_Sad Cyr._ Then _of foly in tymes past ye repent_?

_Magn._ Sothely, to repent me I haue grete cause: Howe be it from you I receyued a letter _sent_, Whiche conteyned in it a specyall clause,” &c.

Against which I have nothing to object except the violence of the alteration.

P. 357.

“And Saynt Mary Spyttell, They set not by vs a _whystell_.”

“Perhaps ‘whyttle,’” says the reviewer in _G. M._ p. 245.—I had originally proposed the latter reading, but afterwards rejected it, having found in Lydgate (see my note on the passage, vol. ii. 297),

“For he _set not by_ his wrethe _a whistel_.”

P. 360. “_Colinus Cloutus, quanquam mea carmina multis,_” &c.

The reviewer in _G. M._ p. 246, would cure this corrupted passage as follows;

“_Colinus Cloutus, quanquam mea carmina multis_ _Sordescunt stultis_; _sed_ paucis _sunt_ data _cultis_, Paucis ante alios _divino flamine flatis_.”

VOL. II.

POEMS.

P. 12. “_In ista cantilena ore stilla plena abjectis frangibulis et aperit._”

The reviewer in _G. M._ p. 246, would read “_Ista cantilena, in ore_ est illa _plena_,” &c.

P. 18.

“_Psittacus_ hi _notus seu Persius est puto notus,_ _Nec reor est nec erit licet est erit_,”

is thus corrected by the reviewer in _G. M._ p. 246,—

“_Psittacus hic notus seu Persius est puto notus_, _Nec reor est, nec erit_, nec _licet_ est, nec _erit_.”

P. 21.

“_Patet per versus_, quod _ex vi bolte harvi_.”

The reviewer in _G. M._ p. 246, at least ingeniously conjectures,—

“_Patet per versus_ quos excogitavit.”

P. 29.

“_Iack Trauell_ and Cole Crafter.”

Among payments made in the year 1428 (in the reign of Hen. vi.), _Jack Travel_ occurs as the name of a real person; “Et a _Iakke Travaill_ et ses compaignons, feisans diverses Jeues et Enterludes, dedeins le Feste de Noell, devant nostre dit Sire le Roi,” &c. Rymer’s _Fœd._ T. iv. P. iv. p. 133.

P. 86.

“_Emportured with corage,_ _A louers pylgrimage._”

“We interpret,” says the reviewer in _G. M._ p. 246, “the former line as—drawn or portrayed with force, what the French call _animer les tableaux_ or _force de couleurs_; and we think a line after this must have dropped out, like the following;

‘To whom made Numa sage _A louers pylgrimage_.’”

NOTES.

P. 206. “‘A _chase_ at tennis is that spot where a ball falls, beyond which the adversary must strike his ball to gain a point or chace. At long tennis, it is the spot where the ball leaves off rolling.’ Douce’s _Illust. of Shakespeare_, i. 485.”

In “Additional Notes and Corrections” to his ed. of _Shakespeare_ (vol. i. cclxxxvii.) Mr. Collier observes: “Douce in his ‘Illustrations,’ from not understanding the game of tennis, is mistaken in his definition of a ‘chase:’ a ‘chase’ is not ‘the spot where a ball falls,’ but the duration of a contest in which the players _hunt_ or ‘chase’ the ball, bandying it from one to the other. For the same reason, probably, the Rev. A. Dyce in his Skelton’s Works, vol. ii. p. 206, commits a similar error, and we think misunderstands the passage he quotes from the ‘Merry Jests of the Widow Edith.’ To ‘mark a chase,’ the expression there employed, is to have a chase scored or marked in favour of the successful player; and such is the metaphorical meaning, as applied to the widow, who scored her own chases as she walked along.”

Now, from Douce’s intimate acquaintance with the technicalities of games, I cannot but think that he must have had some authority for his explanation of ‘chase’—(I speak of it, without reference to Shakespeare’s _Henry V._): and that the word _chase_ was not always used by early writers in the sense to which Mr. Collier would limit it—“the duration of a contest in which the players hunt or ‘chase’ the ball, bandying it from one to the other,”—might be shewn by other passages besides the following;

“_Ric._ Reueng’d! and why, good childe? Olde Faukenbridge hath had a worser basting.

_Fa._ I, they haue banded [me] from _chase to chase;_ I haue been their tennis ball since I did coort.”

_A pleasant Commodie called Looke about you_, 1600, sig. K 2.

R. Holme gives, among the “terms,” at tennis, “_Chase_, is to miss the second striking of the Ball back;” and, among its “laws,” he informs us, “6. You must observe that there is no changing sides without two _Chases_ or Forty one _Chase_, and then they may change sides, and the other serves upon the Pent-house beyond the Blew, and then the other is bound to play the Ball over the Line, between the _Chase_ and the end Wall; and if the other side misses to return the Ball, he loses 15.” _Acad. of Armory_, 1688, B. iii. p. 265. The passage of Skelton,

“She mutid [i. e. dunged] there _a chase_ Vpon my corporas face,”

taken together with that which I cited from _The Mery Jests of the Widow Edith_, shews that the word was occasionally used as a sort of “mannerly” term when certain uncleanly subjects were in question.