Part 2

84b. Leaves simple --95.

85a. Stems prickly or thorny --86.

85b. Stems without prickles or thorns --88.

86a. Leaves twice-pinnate 4a, 1a, in =ARALIACEAE=, p. 80.

86b. Leaves evenly pinnate 5b, in =LEGUMINOSAE=, p. 58.

86c. Leaves odd-pinnate or trifoliate --87.

87a. Leaflets entire 1a, 1a, in =RUTACEAE=, p. 65.

87b. Leaflets serrate 3b, 3b, in =ROSACEAE=, p. 51.

88a. Leaflets 3 --89.

88b. Leaflets 5 to many --91.

89a. Tall shrubs; leaflets entire or minutely toothed 1b, in =RUTACEAE=, p. 65.

89b. Shrubs 2 m. high or less; leaves conspicuously toothed --90.

90a. Stipules present 17b, in =ROSACEAE=, p. 53.

90b. Stipules none 1b, in =ANACARDIACEAE=, p. 68.

91a. Leaflets 6-25 mm. long --92.

91b. Leaflets 30 mm. long, or more --93.

92a. Leaflets mostly 5, rarely 3 or 7 7a, in =ROSACEAE=, p. 52.

92b. Leaflets mostly 9-19, 15 mm. long or more 26a, in =LEGUMINOSAE=, p. 60.

92c. Leaflets mostly 25-45, less than 15 mm. long 8a, in =LEGUMINOSAE=, p. 58.

93a. Leaflets entire 3a, in =ANACARDIACEAE=, p. 68.

93b. Leaflets entire, except for 1-4 large glandular teeth near their base =SIMARUBACEAE=, p. 65.

93c. Leaflets toothed throughout --94.

94a. Juice milky 1a, in =ANACARDIACEAE=, p. 68.

94b. Juice not milky 3a, in =ROSACEAE=, p. 51.

95a. Leaves minute, scale-like, appressed 2a, in =CISTACEAE=, p. 74.

95b. Leaves 3-10 mm. long, spreading, completely rolled into a tube =EMPETRACEAE=, p. 68.

95c. Leaves normal in shape, green in color --96.

96a. Leaves evergreen, as shown by their presence on the older parts of the stem 4b, in =ERICACEAE=, p. 84.

96b. Leaves deciduous --97.

97a. Stems or branches thorny --98.

97b. Stems or branches without thorns or thorny leaves --103.

98a. Leaves conspicuously palmately veined --99.

98b. Leaves pinnately veined, or sometimes with smaller lateral veins arising from the end of the petiole --100.

99a. Leaves 5 cm. wide or less 1a, in =SAXIFRAGACEAE=, p. 49.

99b. Leaves 15 cm. wide or more 1a, in =ARALIACEAE=, p. 80.

100a. Leaves entire 5a, in =SOLANACEAE=, p. 100.

100b. Leaves toothed or somewhat lobed --101.

101a. Leaves with bristly margins; some of the thorns three-pointed 2a, in =BERBERIDACEAE=, p. 40.

101b. Leaves not bristly on the margin; thorns not branched --102.

102a. Only lateral thorns present 41b, in =ROSACEAE=, p. 54.

102b. Only terminal thorns present 2a, in =RHAMNACEAE=, p. 71.

103a. Leaves palmately veined, or with one or more pairs of lateral veins from the base of the leaf --104.

103b. Leaves pinnately veined --111.

104a. Leaves entire --105.

104b. Leaves toothed --106.

104c. Leaves palmately lobed --108.

105a. Foliage fragrant when crushed; leaves ovate 1b, in =LAURACEAE=, p. 41.

105b. Foliage not aromatic; leaves heart-shape 3b, in =LEGUMINOSAE=, p. 58.

106a. Lateral veins straight and parallel, running to the teeth of the leaf 3a, in =BETULACEAE=, p. 22.

106b. Lateral veins curved or branched, and not running straight to the teeth --107.

107a. Tall shrubs with somewhat milky juice and broadly ovate leaves 2b, in =URTICACEAE=, p. 23.

107b. Low shrubs less than 1 m. high with watery juice 1b, in =RHAMNACEAE=, p. 71.

108a. Leaves with 2 or 3 entire lobes, spicy-fragrant when crushed 1b, in =LAURACEAE=, p. 41.

108b. Leaves with milky juice 2b, in =URTICACEAE=, p. 23.

108c. Leaves neither spicy-fragrant nor with milky juice --109.

109a. Stem covered with brown bristles 29, in =ROSACEAE=, p. 54.

109b. Stem not bristly --110.

110a. Sides of the petiole strongly decurrent on the stem; bundle-scars crowded or nearly in contact in the leaf-scars 28b, in =ROSACEAE=, p. 53.

110b. Sides of petiole little decurrent or not at all; bundle-scars distinctly separate 2b, in =SAXIFRAGACEAE=, p. 49.

111a. Leaves aromatically fragrant when crushed --112.

111b. Leaves not aromatically fragrant when crushed --113.

112a. Leaves broadly obovate, entire; a common woodland shrub 1a, in =LAURACEAE=, p. 41.

112b. Leaves linear-lanceolate or oblanceolate, conspicuously toothed or entire =MYRICACEAE=, p. 20.

113a. Leaves entire --114.

113b. Leaves toothed or lobed --121.

114a. Base of the petiole covering the axillary buds; twigs marked with rings =THYMELAEACEAE=, p. 77.

114b. Base of petiole not covering the bud, and twigs not marked with rings --115.

115a. Pith with prominent partitions; tall shrubs with fetid bark; leaves obovate, 10 cm. long or larger =ANONACEAE=, p. 40.

115b. Pith not partitioned; leaves smaller --116.

116a. Leaves waxy or resinous underneath 24b, in =ERICACEAE=, p. 86.

116b. Leaves not waxy or resinous --117.

117a. Lateral veins curved forward and almost parallel to the margin of the leaf 2a, in =CORNACEAE=, p. 83.

117b. Lateral veins spreading --118.

118a. Leaves lanceolate or linear, much longer than wide --119.

118b. Leaves ovate or elliptical --120.

119a. Stem weak, spreading or trailing 5a, in =SOLANACEAE=, p. 100.

119b. Stems, or some of them, erect 3b, in =LEGUMINOSAE=, p. 58.

120a. Leaves with purple petioles, which are at least one-fourth as long as the leaf-blade 1a, in =AQUIFOLIACEAE=, p. 69.

120b. Leaves with short petioles or sessile 24c, in =ERICACEAE=, p. 86.

121a. Lateral veins straight and parallel, mostly ending in the teeth of the leaf --122.

121b. Lateral veins not straight and parallel --129.

122a. Leaves 2-ranked, i. e., in two longitudinal rows, with the third leaf directly above the first --123.

122b. Leaves not 2-ranked --127.

123a. Leaves unsymmetrical, oblique at the base, i. e., with one side of the leaf larger than the other =HAMAMELIDACEAE=, p. 51.

123b. Leaves symmetrical or nearly so at the base --124.

124a. Lateral leaf-veins ending in the leaf-teeth --125.

124b. Lateral veins not ending in the teeth 42b, in =ROSACEAE=, p. 55.

125a. Bark smooth and fluted on the large stems 1b, in =BETULACEAE=, p. 21.

125b. Bark rough or warty or glandular --126.

126a. Leaves 4 cm. long or less 3a, in =BETULACEAE=, p. 22.

126b. Leaves 5 cm. long or more 9b, in =BETULACEAE=, p. 22.

127a. Pith 3-angled 6a, in =BETULACEAE=, p. 22.

127b. Pith 5-angled 13b, in =FAGACEAE=, p. 23.

127c. Pith cylindrical --128.

128a. Leaves finely serrate 42b, in =ROSACEAE=, p. 55.

128b. Leaves coarsely or doubly serrate 41a, in =ROSACEAE=, p. 54.

129a. Leaves coarsely or doubly serrate --130.

129b. Leaves simply serrate --131.

130a. Leaves 2-ranked, i. e., in two longitudinal rows, with the third leaf directly over the first 9b, in =BETULACEAE=, p. 22.

130b. Leaves not 2-ranked 41a, in =ROSACEAE=, p. 54.

131a. Leaves with glands on the petiole or at the base of the leaf-blade --132.

131b. Leaves with small dark glands on the upper side of the mid-vein 42a, in =ROSACEAE=, p. 54.

131c. Leaves without glands --133.

132a. Willows; with usually slender leaves, frequently conspicuous broad stipules, and lateral buds protected by a single external bud-scale 13, in =SALICACEAE=, p. 20.

132b. Plums and cherries; with leaves lanceolate or broader, and stipules minute and falling early in the season; lateral buds with more than one bud-scale 30, in =ROSACEAE=, p. 54.

133a. With stipules or with stipular scars indicating where stipules have been detached --134.

133b. Without stipules or stipular scars --138.

134a. With three bundle-scars in each leaf-scar --135.

134b. With one bundle-scar in each leaf-scar --136.

135a. Willows; usually with slender leaves and twigs and frequently with large conspicuous stipules; lateral buds covered by a single external bud-scale 13, in =SALICACEAE=, p. 20.

135b. Juneberries; with oblong or ovate leaves and small stipules which fall early; lateral buds with more than one external scale 42b, in =ROSACEAE=, p. 55.

136a. Leaves mostly entire, only a few here and there with low teeth 1a, in =AQUIFOLIACEAE=, p. 69.

136b. Leaves sharply toothed --137.

137a. Axillary buds superposed, i. e., with a second one just above the first 1b, in =AQUIFOLIACEAE=, p. 69.

137b. Axillary buds not superposed 2b, in =RHAMNACEAE=, p. 71.

138a. Leaves with purple petioles, which are at least one-fourth as long as the blade 1a, in =AQUIFOLIACEAE=, p. 69.

138b. Leaves short-petioled or sessile --139.

139a. Stems erect and straight, unbranched or with very few branches 27, in =ROSACEAE=, p. 53.

139b. Stems more or less crooked and freely branched, making a spreading shrub 25, in =ERICACEAE=, p. 86.

--140--

140a. Flowers appearing in autumn, after the leaves have fallen =HAMAMELIDACEAE=, p. 51.

140b. Flowers appearing in spring, before the leaves have opened --141.

141a. Flowers in catkins, without brightly colored or petal-like parts --142.

141b. Flowers not in catkins, either with or without brightly colored or petal-like parts --149.

142a. Leaves 2-ranked, as shown by the arrangement of buds and leaf-scars in two longitudinal rows, so that the third bud is directly over the first --143.

142b. Leaves and leaf-scars not 2-ranked --146.

143a. Bundle-scars three in each leaf-scar --144.

143b. Bundle-scars several in each leaf-scar 2b, in =URTICACEAE=, p. 23.

144a. Leaf-buds with only 1-3 visible bud-scales 10, in =BETULACEAE=, p. 22.

144b. Leaf-buds with more than 3 visible scales --145.

145a. Bark of the branches smooth and dark gray, the larger stems fluted with projecting longitudinal ridges 1b, in =BETULACEAE=, p. 21.

145b. Branches without projecting ridges 4, in =BETULACEAE=, p. 22.

146a. Pith 3-angled 8, in =BETULACEAE=, p. 22.

146b. Pith 5-angled 13b, in =FAGACEAE=, p. 23.

146c. Pith cylindrical --147.

147a. Visible outer bud-scales 2 or more --148.

147b. Buds with a single visible outer scale 13, in =SALICACEAE=, p. 20.

148a. Bundle-scars 3 in each leaf-scar =MYRICACEAE=, p. 20.

148b. Bundle-scars more than 3 in each leaf-scar 2b, in =URTICACEAE=, p. 23.

149a. Flowers dark red-purple, about 3 cm. wide =ANONACEAE=, p. 40.

149b. Flowers bright pink, irregular, about 1 cm. wide 3a, in =LEGUMINOSAE=, p. 58.

149c. Flowers white, with 5 conspicuous petals --150.

149d. Flowers greenish or yellowish, small, inconspicuous --152.

150a. Ovary 1, superior, i. e., in the center of the flower and not attached to surrounding parts 36, in =ROSACEAE=, p. 54.

150b. Ovary inferior, appearing as a swelling below the calyx at the apex of the pedicel --151.

151a. Flowers in racemes or solitary 42b, in =ROSACEAE=, p. 55.

151b. Flowers in flattened or rounded branching clusters 42a, in =ROSACEAE=, p. 55.

152a. Stems thorny 1a, in =RUTACEAE=, p. 65.

152b. Stems not thorny --153.

153a. Bark pleasantly aromatic when crushed; perianth with 6 parts --154.

153b. Bark not pleasantly aromatic; perianth with 4 short lobes =THYMELAEACEAE=, p. 77.

154a. Flowers in sessile lateral clusters 1a, in =LAURACEAE=, p. 41.

154b. Flowers in peduncled terminal clusters 1b, in =LAURACEAE=, p. 41.

--155--

155a. Leaves narrow, needle-like or scale-like, mostly evergreen --54.

155b. Leaves broader, flat or rolled, but not needle-like or scale-like --156.

156a. Twining or climbing vines --56.

156b. Not twining or climbing --157.

157a. Leaves opposite --158.

157b. Leaves alternate --165.

158a. Leaves compound --68.

158b. Leaves simple --159.

159a. Leaves broad, palmately lobed --160.

159b. Leaves not palmately lobed --161.

160a. Flowers greenish-yellow, in racemes or panicles 2a, in =ACERACEAE=, p. 70.

160b. Flowers white, in rounded or flattened clusters 22a, in =CAPRIFOLIACEAE=, p. 111.

161a. Flowers in close clusters, subtended by four large white petal-like bracts 4b, in =CORNACEAE=, p. 83.

161b. Flowers small, white, in dense spherical heads 1a, in =RUBIACEAE=, p. 108.

161c. Flowers not in dense heads, and not subtended by petal-like bracts --162.

162a. Petals separate from each other --163.

162b. Petals united with each other --164.

163a. Flowers dark purple-red 1b, in =CELASTRACEAE=. p. 69.

163b. Flowers bright yellow 1a, in =HYPERICACEAE=, p. 73.

163c. Flowers pink-purple; aquatic shrubs 1a, in =LYTHRACEAE=, p. 77.

163d. Flowers white 5, in =CORNACEAE=, p. 83.

163e. Flowers minute, greenish; twigs usually thorny 1b, in =RHAMNACEAE=, p. 71.

163f. Flowers small, yellowish; leaves silvery beneath =ELAEAGNACEAE=, p. 77.

164a. Stamens 2 1a, in =OLEACEAE=, p. 88.

164b. Stamens 4 or 5 11, in =CAPRIFOLIACEAE=, p. 110.

164c. Stamens 10 18a, in =ERICACEAE=, p. 85.

165a. Leaves once-compound --166.

165b. Leaves simple --172.

165c. Leaves twice- or thrice-compound 4a, in =ARALIACEAE=, p. 80.

166a. Flowers small, greenish or greenish-yellow --167.

166b. Flowers conspicuous, white, or brightly colored --170.

167a. Stems thorny 1a, in =RUTACEAE=, p. 65.

167b. Stems not thorny --168.

168a. Leaflets 3, entire or minutely toothed 1b, in =RUTACEAE=, p. 65.

168b. Leaflets 3, conspicuously toothed 1b, in =ANACARDIACEAE=, p. 68.

168c. Leaflets more than 3 --169.

169a. Leaflets entire except for 1-4 large glandular teeth near their base =SIMARUBACEAE=, p. 65.

169b. Leaflets entire, or toothed for their entire length =ANACARDIACEAE=, p. 68.

170a. Flowers with a single bright-blue petal 8a, in =LEGUMINOSAE=, p. 58.

170b. Flowers with several petals --171.

171a. Flowers regular 3, in =ROSACEAE=, p. 51.

171b. Flowers irregular, the upper petal the largest 4, in =LEGUMINOSAE=, p. 58.

172a. Leaves minute, scale-like, appressed 2a, in =CISTACEAE=, p. 74.

172b. Leaves 3-10 mm. long, spreading, completely rolled into a tube =EMPETRACEAE=, p. 68.

172c. Leaves normal in shape, green in color --173.

173a. Leaves evergreen, as shown by their presence on the older parts of the stem 4b, in =ERICACEAE=, p. 84.

173b. Leaves deciduous --174.

174a. Flowers in catkins, without petal-like parts --142.

174b. Flowers not in catkins, either with or without petal-like parts --175.

175a. Flowers small, inconspicuous, yellowish or greenish in color --176.

175b. Flowers white or colored, with conspicuous petals --180.

176a. Leaves broad and palmately lobed; stem thorny 1a, in =ARALIACEAE=, p. 80.

176b. Leaves entire, toothed, or with 2-3 entire lobes; stem not thorny --177.

177a. Flowers in small axillary clusters; foliage not spicy-aromatic --178.

177b. Flowers in clusters terminating last year's twigs; foliage spicy-aromatic 1b, in =LAURACEAE=, p. 41.

178a. Petals none; sepals present 2b, in =RHAMNACEAE=, p. 71.

178b. Petals present but small --179.

179a. A stamen in front of each petal 2a, in =RHAMNACEAE=, p. 71.

179b. A stamen between each two petals =AQUIFOLIACEAE=, p. 69.

180a. Petals united with each other; stamens 8-10 24, in =ERICACEAE=, p. 86.

180b. Petals separate from each other --181.

181a. Petals 4 --182.

181b. Petals 5 --183.

181c. Petal-like sepals 6; real petals none; foliage spicy-aromatic 1b, in =LAURACEAE=, p. 41.

181d. Petals 6; sepals also present --187.

182a. Flowers in late spring or early summer 2a, in =CORNACEAE=, p. 83.

182b. Flowers in autumn =HAMAMELIDACEAE=, p. 51.

183a. Corolla irregular, the upper petal largest 3b, in =LEGUMINOSAE=, p. 58.

183b. Corolla regular, all petals alike in size and shape --184.

184a. Stamens 5 --185.

184b. Stamens 10 or more 24, in =ROSACEAE=, p. 53.

185a. Flowers in loose racemes or axillary clusters 2, in =SAXIFRAGACEAE=, p. 49.

185b. Flowers in branching clusters --186.

186a. Leaves palmately lobed; stem thorny 1a, in =ARALIACEAE=, p. 80.

186b. Leaves not lobed; stem not thorny 1b, in =RHAMNACEAE=, p. 71.

187a. Flowers dark red-purple =ANONACEAE=, p. 40.

187b. Flowers yellow 2a, in =BERBERIDACEAE=, p. 40.

GROUP 2, UNUSUAL PLANTS

1a. Small brown leafless plants, growing as parasites on the tamarack or black spruce =LORANTHACEAE=, p. 25.

1b. Aquatic plants, with all or most of the leaves submerged, or leafless --2.

1c. Aquatic plants, with the leaves or the whole plant floating on or near the surface --20.

1d. Terrestrial or marsh plants, without floating or submerged leaves --29.

2a. Submerged aquatics, without leaves --3.

2b. Submerged aquatics, with the leaves linear or dissected --4.

3a. Flowers showy, yellow or purple =LENTIBULARIACEAE=, p. 105.

3b Flowers small and inconspicuous, sessile, purplish or greenish 3a, in =HALORAGIDACEAE=, p. 79.

4a. Leaves linear or lanceolate, not lobed or dissected --5.

4b. Leaves more or less lobed or dissected --13.

5a. Leaves all basal --6.

5b. Stem-leaves present --7.

6a. Flowers blue, 1 cm. long or more; leaves cylindrical, blunt, hollow, partitioned lengthwise 1a, in =LOBELIACEAE=, p. 113.

6b. Flowers yellow; leaves minute =LENTIBULARIACEAE=, p. 105.

6c. Flowers white, in clusters; leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, not hollow 1b, in =ALISMACEAE=, p. 3.

6d. Flowers greenish, solitary at the end of elongated peduncles; leaves very long and ribbon-like, flat or trough-shape 1a, in =HYDROCHARITACEAE=, p. 3.

6e. Flowers minute, whitish or lead-color, in heads =ERIOCAULACEAE=, p. 9.

7a. Leaves alternate --8.

7b. Leaves opposite --10.

7c. Leaves whorled --12.

8a. Leaves with thin sheathing stipules 1b, in =NAJADACEAE=, p. 2.

8b. Leaves without stipules --9.

9a. Flowers greenish, in a head =SPARGANIACEAE=, p. 2.

9b. Flowers pale yellow 1b, in =PONTEDERIACEAE=, p. 10.

10a. Leaves serrate 2b, in =NAJADACEAE=, p. 2.

10b. Leaves entire --11.

11a. Leaves 2 cm. long or less =CALLITRICHACEAE=, p. 68.

11b. Leaves thread-like, 2-8 cm. long 2a, in =NAJADACEAE=, p. 2.

11c. Leaves linear to elliptical, more than 2 cm. long 1b, in =NAJADACEAE=, p. 2.

12a. Leaves in whorls of 3, abruptly widened at the base 2b, in =NAJADACEAE=, p. 2.

12b. Leaves in whorls of 3, widest near the middle 1b, in =HYDROCHARITACEAE=, p. 3.

12c. Stems straight and erect, at leaves the flowers emerged; leaves in whorls of 4 or more 2a, in =HALORAGIDACEAE=, p. 79.

13a. Leaves with numerous small bladders attached, each bladder 1-3 mm. long =LENTIBULARIACEAE=, p. 105.

13b. Leaves without bladders --14.

14a. Leaves alternate --15.

14b. Leaves opposite or whorled --18.

15a. Delicate and rare plants growing attached to stones in running water =PODOSTEMACEAE=, p. 48.

15b. Plants 2 dm. high or more, with roots in mud or sand --16.

16a. Leaves once-pinnate --17.

16b. Leaves 2-3 times pinnate 15b, in =UMBELLIFERAE=, p. 81.

16c. Leaves palmately dissected 1b, in =RANUNCULACEAE=, p. 35.

17a. Taste peppery or mustardy 34, in =CRUCIFERAE=, p. 45.

17b. Taste not peppery or mustardy 1a, in =HALORAGIDACEAE=, p. 79.

18a. Leaves pinnately compound 3b, in =HALORAGIDACEAE=, p. 79.

18b. Leaves palmately compound --19.

19a. Leaves opposite or in whorls of four 119a, in =COMPOSITAE=, p. 123.

19b. Leaves in whorls of 5-12 =CERATOPHYLLACEAE=, p. 34.

20a. Plants small, flattened, rounded or ovate, without distinction of stem and leaf; the whole plant floating on or near the surface =LEMNACEAE=, p. 9.

20b. Plant attached to the soil, with differentiated stem and leaves --21.

21a. Leaves on long slender stalks, which bear also a cluster of slender tubers near the leaf-base; leaves heart-shape 1b, in =GENTIANACEAE=, p. 88.

21b. Leaf-stalks without a cluster of tubers --22.

22a. Leaves all basal --23.

22b. Stem-leaves present --24.

23a. Leaves parallel-veined 1b, in =ALISMACEAE=, p. 3.

23b. Leaves net-veined 1b, in =NYMPHAEACEAE=, p. 35.

24a. Leaves opposite or whorled --25.

24b. Leaves alternate --26.

25a. Leaves less than 2 cm. long =CALLITRICHACEAE=, p. 68.