The Philosophy of History, Vol. 2 of 2

Of the ancient Germans, and of the invasion of the Northern tribes.--The march of Nature in the historical development of Nations.--Further diffusion and internal consolidation...

Whenever, in the history of mankind, we arrive at some epoch of great crisis, or momentous collision, we find invariably, and in all countries, two contending parties like these...

In the history of the primitive church, historians are wont to separate the different branches of their subject, which form so many different parts of a single whole, and thus t...

That this condition of the soil, and this unsettled mode of life, in a growing population are circumstances quite sufficient to account for a partial, though (without other co-o...

This rapid but faithful sketch of the migration of the Northern nations seemed necessary to enable us to form a right opinion on this subject. For this period, which laid the mi...

Thus then on the Roman soil, and amid that world once so brilliant, Christianity had grown up, like a tender, luminous plant, whose seed had come down from Heaven. For the furth...

In the first infancy of the Mahometan faith, and during the first disputes and wars which occurred about that religion, a number of Mahomet's followers were obliged to seek refu...

When at the commencement of the eighth century, the dominion of the rude Lombards became oppressive, and the Greek sway under the Iconoclast Leo was still more detested, and all...

As here the question is not as to the _Beau Ideal_ of supreme perfection, or as to a precise, rigid, and scientific theory of the Christian state, (for which here at least, if n...

The successful naval expeditions of the Normans to all the coasts of Europe, as far as Sicily and even beyond it, and the incursion of the Magiars into Europe, where they receiv...

On the struggles of the Guelfs and Ghibellines.--Spirit of the Ghibelline age.--Origin of romantic poetry and art.--Character of the scholastic science and the old jurisprudence...

But even in the art and poetry, as well as the science of the middle age, this leaning towards the absolute is equally apparent, and the more so, as both reached their full matu...

The untimely exaggerations and absolute pretensions of Boniface VIII., which, though Papal, may almost be termed _Ghibelline_ (in the same sense that we have applied that term t...

But the greatest historical mystery--the deepest and most complicated enigma of the world, is the permission of evil on the part of God, which can find its explanation and solut...

In all that regards the origin and first breaking out of the Reformation, I wish to premise that all controversy on points of dogma, all controversy on the merits or demerits of...

The true Reformation, loudly demanded in the fifteenth century as the most urgent want of the times, not only by the capricious voice of the multitude, but by the first and most...

Protestantism had penetrated into France from French Switzerland, as the very name of Hugonots indicates. The religious wars in France broke out much later than in Germany; and...

On the other hand, the systems of Bacon and Leibnitz were two different foundations laid in that age for a higher and a better philosophy--systems which by a more extensive deve...

Now that the religious wars were terminated, this appeared the period proper for the establishment of the system of the Balance of Power--a system which must ever be called into...

In Europe, Norway alone, among the Protestant states, has maintained down to our times laws of severe exclusion against every religion differing from the established one--an exc...

A mere treaty of territorial arrangements could not and can never constitute a great religious and international pacification for the whole of Europe. The re-establishment of su...

Philosophy, as it is the vivifying centre of all other sciences, must be the principal concern and the highest object of the labours of Christian science. Yet history, which is...