Volume II

New York The Macmillan Company 1914

CONTENTS

VOL. II

CHAPTER PAGE

XIX. Education 501 XX. The Exploration of Non-Christian Territory 532 XXI. The Government of Non-Christian Tribes 559 XXII. The Government of Non-Christian Tribes (Continued) 591 XXIII. Corrigenda 637 XXIV. Non-Christian Tribe Problems 660 XXV. Slavery and Peonage 676 XXVI. Murder as a Governmental Agency 730 XXVII. The Philippine Legislature 768 XXVIII. The Picturesque Philippines 792 XXIX. Rod, Shotgun and Rifle 806 XXX. Philippine Lands 829 XXXI. Philippine Forests 846 XXXII. Improved Means of Communication 861 XXXIII. Commercial Possibilities of the Philippines 884 XXXIV. Peace and Prosperity 911 XXXV. Some Results of American Rule 921 XXXVI. Is Philippine Independence now Possible? 933 XXXVII. What Then? 961

APPENDIX

Instructions to the First Philippine Commission 975 Proclamation of the First Philippine Commission 977 Instructions to the Second Philippine Commission 980 Past and Present Organization of the Courts of the Philippine Islands 988 Present accepted Estimate of the Non-Christian Population of the Philippines 999

INDEX 1005

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

VOL. II

The Metamorphosis of a Bontoc Igorot Frontispiece Facing Page Head-hunters' Weapons 508 The Three Leading Men in the Funeral Procession of an Ifugao who has lost his Head to the Enemy 516 The Sacred Tree of the Ifugaos 524 Entrance to the Quiangan Schoolhouse 534 An Ifugao School 540 The Sub-provincial Building at Quiangan 546 Ifugao Constabulary Soldiers 554 Bontoc Igorot Head-hunters 562 Bontoc Igorot Women in Banana-leaf Costume 570 A Bontoc Igorot Tug-of-war 578 Bontoc Igorot Boys learning to make Furniture 586 A Conference with Ifugao Chiefs 594 Finished Trail built by Ifugaos 602 Difficult Bit of Rock Work on the Mountain Trail in Benguet 610 A Flying Ferry in Operation 618 A Wild Tingian of Apayao 626 Tingian Girls threshing Rice 634 Typical Manobos 640 An Old Bukidnon Chief 650 Typical Street in a Filipino Town 656 A Typical Bukidnon Village Street 656 A Typical Improved Bukidnon House 664 A Typical Neglected Filipino House 664 Making Friends with the Mandayas 670 A Mandayan Boy 678 A Group of Bagobos 686 Moro Boats coming out to meet the Philippine Commission at Jolo 692 Among the Moros 700 A Moro Chief with his Wives and Daughter 706 Lieutenant-Governor Manuel Fortich of Bukidnon 708 Governor Frederick Johnson of Agusan 714 A Typical Peon 722 The Penalty for Loyalty to the United States 728 The Philippine Assembly in Session 738 Señor Sergio Osmeña, Speaker of the Philippine Assembly 742 The Manila Hotel 750 Mayon Volcano 756 The Crater of Taal Volcano 764 A Bit of the Pagsanjan Gorge 772 A Giant Tree Fern 780 Scene on a Bird Island 788 A Day's Catch 796 After the Hunt 804 Typical Scene at the Edge of a Hardwood Forest 812 A Typical Forest Scene 820 Old-style Road across Lowlands 826 New-style Road across Lowlands 826 Typical Old-style Country Road 836 Typical New-style Country Road 836 A Canga, or Carabao Sledge 844 A New-style Cart, with Broad-tired Wheels, which does not injure the Roads 844 Road Destroyers at Work 852 An Old-style Culvert 858 The Old Way of Crossing a River 868 The New Way of Crossing a River 868 A Typical Old-style Bridge 878 A Typical Reënforced Concrete Bridge 878 A Collapsible Bridge 886 Map: Manila, the Future Distributing Centre for the Far East 888 Preparing Rice Land for Planting 892 Planting Rice 892 A Three-year-old Coffee Bush 902 A Ceara Rubber Tree 906 A Typical Cocoanut Grove 918 A Typical Filipino Town 922 A Typical Group of Filipinos 930 A Typical Spanish Mestiza 938 A Strange Couple 946 A Member of the Cabaruan Trinity 946 A Typical Old-style Provincial Government Building 962 A Modern Provincial Government Building 962 A Refuge from the Moros 968 A Possible Office-holder 972

THE PHILIPPINES PAST AND PRESENT