CHAPTER III

Professor Macdonell's _History of Sanskrit Literature_ (Heinemann, 1905) contains a fascinating and readable account of the Hindu scriptures from the Vedic ages up to modern times.

Professor Hopkins' _Religions of India_ and _India Old and New_ deal with both the literature and the actual working of Indian religions. Mr W. Crooke's _Native Races of Northern India_ is a popular account of the Aryan region, and Mr Thurston's _Castes and Tribes of Southern India_. Madras, Government Press. 1908. Though it is more elaborate and scientific in its treatment, is full of matters which are interesting not only to the specialist.

Meredith Townsend's _Asia and Europe_. London. Archibald Constable. 1905. Is still an interesting and suggestive study of the differences between East and West, and Sir A. C. Lyall's _Asiatic Studies_ are the even more illuminating results of a long, intimate, and sympathetic familiarity with Indian religious thought.

The chapter on Religion in the forthcoming Census Report for 1911 will contain the latest fruits of research, statistical and other.

There is an enormous mass of literature dealing in detail with the religions and sects of India. A selected list of books will be found at p. 446 of the _Imperial Gazetteer_.

INDEX

Abor race, 44

Accent in Indian languages, 74

Ādi Brāhmo Samāj, 96

Alphabets of India, 70

Animism among Muhammadans, 99

Animistic religions of India, 81

Animists as potential Hindus, 83

_Anu-loma_ castes, 38

Apabhramsa or "decayed" languages, 75

Arjuna, supposed ancestor of Manipur dynasty, 42

Aryan settlement in Gangetic _do-āb_, 27

Aryan settlement in the Panjāb, 26

Aryo-Dravidian type of race, 22

_Assam, History of_, by E. A. Gait, 45

Assamese language, 76

Bannerjee, Rev. K. M., 95

Bengali language, 76

Bengali race, origins of, 28

Bihārī language, 76

Bohra Muhammadans, 101

Brachycephalous races, 17

Brahma, one of the Hindu Trinity, 91

Brāhmanas, sacred books, 88

Brāhmans of Bengal, 17

Brāhmo Samāj in Bengal, 94

Brāhui language, 62, 66

Buddha (Gautama) and Buddhism, 89

Caste, definition of, 35; functional type of, 45; as divided in _gotras_, 41; as a result of migration, 49; as resulting from change of custom, 50; as formed by mixture of blood, 47; of the national type, 48; sectarian type, 46; tribal castes, 40, 43; as including Koches and other indigenous tribes, 109

Chaitanya, Hindu reformer, 92

Chandāls, 38

Chitrangadā, supposed ancestress of Manipur dynasty, 42

Clans, exogamous, 35

Crooke, Mr W., on "Rājputs and Marāthas", 52

Dafla race, 44

Dolicocephalous races, 17

Doms in Assam, 44

Dravidian languages, 61, 62

Dravidian type of race, 24

Dravidians as probable autochthones, 25

Dubois, Abbé, 106

Fiction as an origin of caste, 33

Functional type of castes, 45

Gait, E. A., _History of Assam_, 45

Gandhara, kingdom of, 31

Gārpagāri (hail averters) as functional caste, 45

Gond language, 62, 65

_Gotras_, as branch of caste, 41

Gujarāti language, 76

Hindi (Eastern) language, 76

Hindi (Western) language, 75

Hindustāni or Urdū language, 77

Hoernle's theory of Aryan settlements, 28

Hypergamy, 26

Indo-Aryan type of race, 21

Indo-Chinese invasions, 80

Islām in India, 97

Jains, their religion, 89

Kabir, Hindu reformer, 92

Kachāri race, 109

Kāli, worship of, 94

Kanarese language, 61, 64

Kandh language, 62

Kartā-bhajās, sectarian caste, 46

Kāshmīrī language, 76

Kāyasthas of Bengal, 17

Khojā Muhammadans, 101

Koch race, 41

Koches as Hindu caste, 109

Kodagu language, 61

Kohistāni language, 76

Kolāmi language, 62

Kota language, 62

Kurukh language, 62

Lahnda language, 76

Languages of India generally, 56; Apabhramsa, 75; Assamese, 76; Bengali, 76; Bihārī, 76; Brāhui, 62, 66; Dravidian, 61, 62; Gond, 62, 65; Gujarāti, 76; Hindi (Western), 75; Hindi (Eastern), 76; Hindustāni, 77; Kanarese, 61, 65; Kandh, 62; Kashmīri, 76; Kodagu, 61; Kohistāni, 76; Kolāmi, 62; Kota, 62; Kurukh, 62; Lahnda, 76; Māgadhi Prākrit, 75; Mahārāshtri Prākrit, 75; Malayalam, 61, 64; Malto, 62; Marāthi, 76; Mon-Khmer, 78, 79; Mundā, 66; Oriyā, 72, 76; Pahārī, 76; Pāli, 75; Panjābi, 76; Prākrit, 71; "Primary" Prākrits, 74; Rājasthāni, 76; Sauraseni, 75; Sindhi, 76; Tamil, 61, 62; Telugu, 62, 65; Toda, 62; Tulu, 62

Lingayats as a sectarian caste, 47

Madhya-deça, the linguistic Midland, 69

Māgadhi Prākrit language, 75

Mags of Chittagong, 23

Mahārāshtri language, 75

Malayalam language, 61, 64

Malto language, 62

Manipur and the Meithei race, 42

Manu, Institutes of, 37

Marātha race and its origins, 29, 48

Marāthi language, 76

Meithei race of Manipur, 42

Migration as a cause of caste, 49

Mixed castes, 47

Mongolo-Dravidian race, 23

Mongolian races brachycephalous, 18

Mongoloid type of race, 23

Mon-Khmer languages, 78, 79

Moplah Muhammadans, 101

Mundā languages, 66

Nānak (Sikh reformer), 93

National castes, 48

Navavidhān Brāhmo Samāj, 96

Navin Chandra Sen, his definition of caste, 33

Nesfield, Mr, _Brief View of the Caste System of the N. W. P. and Oude_ quoted, 13

Nestorian Christians, 103

Newār tribe in Nepāl, 48

Nirvāna as a Buddhist, and Jain doctrine, 89

Nobili, Robert de, 106

Nose-measurements, 19

Orbito-nasal index, 19

Oriyā language, 72, 76

Pahārī language, 76

Pāli language, 75

Pānini and other grammarians, 70

Panjābi language, 76

Pantheism, 37

Parasu Rāma, 41

Pārsīs and their religion, 101

Pir Badr of Chittagong, 85

Pirs (Muhammadan saints), 99

Prākrit languages, 71

_Prati-loma_ (see _Anu-loma_) castes, 38

Primary Prākrits, 74

Purānas (sacred books), 90

Rājputs in Nepāl, etc., 24

Rāmānuja (Hindu reformer), 91

Risley, Sir H. H., his account of Marātha origins, 30; Article in _Journal of R. A. Institute_ quoted, 15

Roy, Rājā Rām Mohan, 94

Sādhāran Brāhmo Samāj, 96

Sāktas, a Hindu sect, 94

Saraswati (Dayānand), 96

Sauraseni language, 75

Scytho-Dravidian type of race, 22

Scytho-Dravidian, supposed origin, 29

Sectarian type of caste, 46

Sen (Keshav Chandra), 94

Shagird-peshās as a mixed caste, 48

Shia Muhammadans, 99

Sikhs and the Sikh religion, 93

Sindhī language, 76

Siva, as a member of the Hindu Trinity, 91

Sse or Sakas (Scythians), 30

Stature as an index of race, 20

Sunni Muhammadans, 99

Tagore, Maharshi Devendranāth, 94

Tagore, Rabindranāth, 94

Tamil language, 61, 64

Tantras (sacred books), 94

Telugu language, 62, 65

Thomasine Christians, 103

Tīrthan-karas (Jain saints), 90

Toda language, 62

Totems and Totemistic clans in Assam, 36

Tribal castes, 40, 43

Tribes in Assam, 35

Tribes, Turko-Iranian, 37

Tulu language, 62

Turko-Iranian type of race, 20

Turushka race, 31

Upanishads (sacred books), 88

_Vangiya Sāhitya Parisat_ (Bengal Academy of Literature), 56

Vardhamāna, the founder of Jainism, 89

Vedas, the four sacred books, 86

Vedic deities, 87

Vishnu as one of the Hindu Trinity, 91

Wahābi Muhammadans, 100

Yueh-chi race, 31

CAMBRIDGE: PRINTED BY JOHN CLAY, M.A. AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS

End of Project Gutenberg's The Peoples of India, by James Drummond Anderson