Volume 4. Philadelphia: 1803.
Wilson, Nat. W. China
A Naturalist In Western China with Vasculum, Camera, and Gun. Being some account of Eleven Years' Travel, Exploration, and Observation in the More Remote Parts of the Flowery Kingdom. By Ernest Henry Wilson. Two Volumes. New York: 1913.
INDEX
_Á Gobert_ (syn. of Angobert), 248
A. J. Cook, 236
Aarer Pfundbirne, 236
Abbé Fétel, 236
Abbé Pérez, 236
Abbott, 236
Abbott, Mrs. T., orig. of Abbott, 236
Abdon Birne, 236
Abele de St. Denis, 236
Abercromby, 236
Achalzig, 237
Achan, 237
Acidaline, 237
Acme, 237
Adams, 237
Adams, Dr. H., orig. of Adams, 237
_Adanson Apothekerbirne_(syn. of Aglaë Adanson), 239
Adélaïde de Rèves, 237
_Adèle_ (syn. of Adèle de Saint-Denis), 237
Adèle Lancelot, 237
Adèle de Saint-Denis, 237
Admirable, 238
_Admiral Cécile_ (syn. of Amiral Cécile), 245
Admiral Farragut, 238
Admiral Foote, 238
Adolphe Cachet, 238
Adolphe Fouquet, 238
Adolphine Richard, 238
Aehrenthal, 238
_Agathe de Lescours_ (syn. of Agathe de Lescourt), 238
Agathe de Lescourt, 238
Aglaë Adanson, 239
Aglaë Grégoire, 239
Agnès 239
Agricola, 239
Agua de Valence, 250
Ah-Mon-Dieu, 239
Aigue, 239
Aiken, 239
Aime Ogereau, 240
Aimée Adam, 240
Akatsupo, 240
Alamo, 240
Albertine, 240
Alcinöus, pear in garden of, 4
Alexander, 240
Alexander Lucas, 240
Alexandre Bivort, 240
Alexandre Chomer, 241
Alexandre de la Herche, 241
Alexandre Lambré, 241
Alexandre de Russie, 241
Alexandrina, 241
Alexandrine Douillard, 241
_Alexandrine Hélie_ (syn. of Belle Julie), 265
Alexandrine Mas, 241
Alexiens Bros., orig. of Pius X, 500
Alfred de Madre, 242
Alice Payne, 242
Allerton, 242
Alliance franco-russe, 242
Alouette, 242
Alpha, 242
Alphonse Allegatière, 242
Alphonse Karr, 242
Amadotte, 243
Amande Double, 243
Amandine, 243
Ambrette, 243
Ambrette d'Été, 243
_Ambrette d'Hiver_ (syn. of Ambrette), 243
Ambrosia, 244
Amédée Leclerc, 244
Amelanchier, relationship of, to pear, 57
Amélie Leclerc, 244
America, 244
America, arrival of pear in, 40; climate of, uncongenial to pears, 38; importation of European pear varieties into, 52; pear in, 37
American pear culture, influence of Oriental pears on, 55
American pear districts, 38
Amie Verdier, 244
Amiral, 244
Amiral Cécile, 245
Amiré Joannet, 245
Amlisberger Mostbirne, 245
_Amoselle panachée_ (syn. of Bergamote de Hollande Panachée), 269
Amour, 245
Amstettner Mostbirne, 245
Ananas, 245
Ananas de Courtrai, 245
_Ananas de Courtray_ (syn. of Ananas de Courtrai), 245
Ananas d'Été, 246
_Andenken an den Congress_ (syn. of Souvenir du Congrès), 218
Andouille, 246
André Desportes, 122
Andrew Murray, 246
Andrews, 246
Ange, 246
Angel, 246
Angeline, 246
Angélique de Bordeaux, 247
Angélique Cuvier, 247
Angélique Leclerc, 247
Angélique de Rome, 247
Angers, Horticultural Society of, orig. of Cassante du Comice, 329; Colmar d'Automne Nouveau, 342; Dhommée, 359; Gros Lucas, 404; Sucrée du Comice, 555
_Angleterre_ (syn. of Beurré d'Angleterre), 284
Angleterre d'Hiver, 247
Angleterre Nain, 247
Angobert, 248
Angoisse, 248
Angora, 248
Angoucha, 248
_Angouleme_ (syn. of Duchesse d'Angoulême), 154
_Anjou_ (syn. of Beurre d'Anjou), 127
_Anna Audisson_ (syn. Anna Audusson), 249
Anna Audusson, 249
Anna Nelis, 249
Anne de Bretagne, 249
_Anne of Brittany_ (syn. of Anne de Bretagne), 249
Ansault, 123
Anthoine, Dieudonné, orig. of Dieudonné Anthoine, 359
Anthony Thacher, 249
Antoine, 249
Antoine Delfosse, 249
Antoinette, 249
Anversoise, 250
Apfelblättrige Azerolbirne, 250
Apothekerbirne, 250
Apple, 250
Apple Pear, 250
Apples, relationship to pears, 58
Appoline, 250
Aqueuse d'Esclavonie, 250
Aqueuse de Meiningen, 251
Arabella, 251
Arbre Courbé, 251
Arcedeckene, Andrew, orig. of Suffolk Thorn, 556
Archduke of Austria, 251
Archiduc Charles, 251
Archiduc d'Été, 251
Archiduc Jean d'Autriche, 251
Archiduchesse d'Autriche, 251
Arendt Dechantsbirne, 252
Argent, 252
Argusbirne, 252
Arkansas, 252
_Arkansas Mammoth_ (syn. of Arkansas), 252
Arlequin Musqué, 252
Arlingham Squash, 252
Armand Prévost, 253
Arménie, 253
Arnold, 253
Arnold & Frazier, orig. of Arnold, 253
Arthur Bivort, 253
Arthur Chevreau, 253
Arundell, 253
Aspasie Aucourt, 253
_Aspidiotus perniciosus_ on pear, 117
Aston Town, 254
Audibert, 254
Audusson, Alexis, orig. of Lucie Audusson, 453
Audusson, Anne-Pierre, orig. of Beurré Audusson, 284
Augier, 254
Augustbirne, 254
Auguste de Boulogne, 254
Auguste Droche, 254
Auguste Jurie, 254
Auguste von Krause, 254
Auguste Miguard, 255
Auguste Royer, 255
Augustine, 255
Augustine Lelieur, 255
Augustus Dana, 255
Aurate, 255
Auray, 255
Autocrat, 256
Autumn Bergamot, parent of Gansel Bergamot, 391
Autumn Bergamot (English), 256
Autumn Colmar, 256
Autumn Joséphine, 256
Autumn Nelis, 256
Avocat Allard, 257
Avocat Nélis, 257
Avocat Tonnelier, 257
Ayer, 257
Ayer, O. H., orig. of Ayer, 257; Douglas, 150
Aylton Red, 257
Azerole, 257
_B. S. Fox_ (syn. of Fox), 168
Bachelier, Louis-François, orig. of Beurré Bachelier, 285
_Bacillus amylovorous,_ cause of pear blight, 112
Backhouse, James, orig. of Beurré Backhouse, 285
_Bacterium tumefaciens_, cause of crown-gall on pears, 116
Baguet, 257
Bailly, orig. of Beurré Bailly, 285
Bakholda, 258
Baking, 258
Baldschmiedler, 258
Balduinsteiner Kinderbirne, 258
Ballet, orig. of Madame Ballet, 456
Balosse, 258
Balsambirne, 258
Baltet, Charles, introd. of Roosevelt, 213; orig. of Virginie Baltet, 573
Baltet, Ernest, orig. of Beurré d'Avril, 285; Comte Lelieur, 346; Madame Lyé-Baltet, 458
Baltet Bros., orig. of Beurré Baltet Père, 286; Charles Ernest, 334; Docteur Joubert, 361; Guyot, 174; Ministre Viger, 473; Professeur Opoix, 514
_Baltet Senior_ (syn. of Beurré Baltet Père), 286
Bankerbine, 258
Bankhead, Capt., orig. of Jewel, 430
Banks, 258
Baptiste Valette, 258
_Bar Seckel_ (syn. of Barseck) 260
Barbancinet, 258
Barbe Nélis, 259
Barker, 259
Barland, 259
Barnadiston, 259
Baron Deman de Lennick, 259
_Baron d'hiver_ (syn. of Baronsbirne), 260
Baron Leroy, 259
Baron Trauttenberg, 259
Baron Treyve, 259
Baronne de Mello, 260
Baronsbirne, 260
Barry, 260
Barry, Patrick, biography of, 203
Barry, William Crawford, biography of, 204
Barseck, 260
Barthélemy du Mortier, 260
Barthère, discov. of Duchesse d'Hiver, 372
Bartlett, 124
Bartlett, Enoch, dissem. of Bartlett, 125
Bartlett, parent of Barseck, 260; Big Productive, 309; Dempsey, 357; Eva Baltet, 379; Favorite Morel, 381; Félix Sahut, 381; Le Lecher, 444; Lucy Duke, 194; Lyerle, 454; Professeur Barral, 514; S. T. Wright, 533; Ulatis, 567; Winter Williams, 584
Bartlett and Kieffer leading commercial pears, 84
Bartram, 260
Bartram, Ann, orig. of Bartram, 260
Bartram, John, orig. of Petre, 497
Bartranne, 260
Baseler Sommer-Muskatellerbirne, 261
Basiner, 261
_Bassin_ (syn. of Jargonelle (French)), 178
Baudry, 261
Baumann Brothers, orig. of Beurré Bollwiller, 288
Beacon, 261
Beadnell, 261
Beadnell, John, orig. of Beadnell, 261
Beau de la Cour, 261
Beau Présent d'Artois, 261
Beauchamp, orig. of Beurré de l'Assomption, 284; Beurré Beauchamp, 286; Souvenir de Gaëte, 550
Beaufort, 262
Beauvalot, 262
Beernaert, Reynaert, discov. of Fondante de Cuerne, 384
Beier Meissner Eierbirne, 262
_Belgische Blutbirne_ (syn. of Sanguinole de Belgique), 540
_Belgische Pomeranzenbirne_ (syn. of Fondante des Prés), 385
_Belgische Zapfenbirne_ (syn. of Long Green), 449
Belgium, pear in, 16
Belle Angevine, 262; parent of Bon-Chrétien Vermont, 315
_Belle Angevine_ (syn. of Pound), 208
_Belle après Noël_ (syn. of Fondante de Noël), 164
Belle des Arbrés, 262
_Belle Audibert_ (syn. of Audibert), 254
Belle de Beaufort, 262
Belle Bessa, 262
Belle de Bolbec, 263
Belle et Bonne de Hée, 263
Belle et Bonne de la Pierre, 263
Belle de Brissac, 263
Belle de Bruxelles sans Pepins, 263
Belle de Craonnais, 263
Belle de la Croix Morel, 263
Belle de Décembre, 264
_Belle Epine Dumas_ (syn. of Épine du Mas), 377
_Belle de Esquermes_ (syn. of Fontenay), 165
Belle de Féron, 264
Belle du Figuier, 264
_Belle de Flanders_ (syn. of Flemish Beauty), 163
Belle-Fleurusienne, 264
_Belle de Flushing_ (syn. of Harvard), 412
Belle Fondante, 264
Belle de Forêts, 264
Belle de Guasco, 264
Belle Guérandaise, 264
Belle Hugevine, 265
Belle Isle d'Angers, 265
Belle d'Ixelles, 265
_Belle de Jarnac_ (syn. of Nouvelle Fulvie), 483
Belle de Juillet, 265
Belle Julie, 265
Belle de Kain, 265
Belle de Lorient, 265
Belle Lucrative, 125; parent of P. Barry, 203; President Clark, 509
Belle de Malines, 265
Belle de Martigny, 265
Belle-Moulinoise, 265
_Belle de Noël_ (syn. of Fondante de Noël), 164
Belle de Noisette, 266
_Belle de l'Orient_ (syn. of Belle de Lorient), 265
Belle Picarde, 266
Belle Rouennaise, 266
_Belle de Septembre_ (syn. of Grosse September Birne), 406
Belle de Stresa, 266
Belle Sucrée, 266
Belle de Thouars, 266
Belle Williams, 267
_Belle de Zoar_ (syn. of Zoar Beauty), 588
Bellissime d'Automne, 267
_Bellissime d'Été_ (syn. of Jargonelle (French)), 178
Bellissime d'Hiver, 267
Belmont, 267
Beman, 267
Benadine, 267
Benoist, Auguste, orig. of Duchesse de Brissac, 372; Marie Benoist, 463; prop, of Beurré Benoist, 287
Benoist, Jean-Henri, orig. of Belle de Brissac, 263
Benoist Nouveau, 267
Benoit Caroli, 268
Bensell, 268
Bensell, orig. of Bensell, 268
Benvie, 268
Béquesne, 268
Berckmans, Louis, orig. of varieties, 240, 308, 373, 389, 540, 549, 563
Bergamot de Chantilly, 268
Bergamot Louvain, 268
Bergamot Seckel, 268
Bergamot Winter, 268
Bergamote Arsène Sannier, 268
Bergamote d'Automne Panachée, 269
Bergamote Balicq, 269
Bergamote Boussière, 269
_Bergamote du Bugey_ (syn. of Bergamotte Bugi), 270
Bergamote Espéren, parent of Directeur Varenne, 360
_Bergamote Gansel_ (syn. of Gansel Bergamot), 391
Bergamote Hamdens, 269
_Bergamote d'Hildesheim_ (syn. of Hildesheimer Bergamotte), 418
Bergamote de Hollande Panachée, 269
_Bergamote Lucrative_ (syn. of Belle Lucrative), 126
_Bergamote de Pâques_ (syn. of Easter Bergamot), 374
_Bergamote de la Pentecôte_ (syn. of Easter Beurré), 159
Bergamote Philippot, 269
Bergamote Rose, 269
Bergamotte d'Anvers, 269
Bergamotte d'Automne, 270
_Bergamotte Ballicq_ (syn. of Bergamote Balicq), 269
Bergamotte Bouvant, 270
Bergamotte Bufo, 270
Bergamotte Bugi, 270
Bergamotte de Coloma, 270
Bergamotte de la Cour, 271
_Bergamotte Crassane_ (syn. of Crassane), 350
_Bergamotte Crassane d'Hiver_ (syn. of Beurré Bruneau), 289
Bergamotte de Darmstadt, 271
Bergamotte de Donauer, 271
Bergamotte Double, 271
Bergamotte Dussart, 271
_Bergamotte Éliza Mathews_ (syn, of Groom Prince Royal), 403
Bergamotte Espéren, 271; parent of Beurré Henri Courcelle, 297; Bergamotte la Gantoise, 272; Président Barabé, 508
Bergamotte d'Espéren, parent of Frau Louise Goethe, 389
_Bergamotte d'Espéren_ (syn. of Bergamotte Espéren), 271
Bergamotte Espéren Souvenir de Plantières, 271
Bergamotte d'Été, 271
_Bergamotte d'été de Kraft_ (syn. of Kraft Sommer Bergamotte), 438
Bergamotte d'été de Lubeck, 272
Bergamotte Fertile, 272
Bergamotte Fortunée, parent of Le Lecher, 444
_Bergamotte Fortunée_ (syn. of Fortunée), 387
Bergamotte la Gantoise, 272
Bergamotte Heimbourg, 272
Bergamotte Hérault, 272
Bergamotte Hertrich, 272
Bergamotte-d'Hiver de Furstenzell, 273
Bergamotte d'Hollande, 273
Bergamotte Jars, 273
Bergamotte de Jodoigne, 273
Bergamotte Klinkhardt, 273
Bergamotte Laffay, 273
Bergamotte Lesèble, 273
Bergamotte Liabaud, 274
Bergamotte Mico, 274
Bergamotte de Millepieds, 274
Bergamotte Nicolle, 274
Bergamotte Oeuf de Cygne, 274
Bergamotte d'Oisan, 274
Bergamotte de Parthenay, 274
Bergamotte Picquot, 275
Bergamotte Ploskui, 275
Bergamotte Poiteau, 275
Bergamotte Pomme, 275
Bergamotte du Quercy, 275
Bergamotte Reinette, 275
_Bergamotte de Roe_ (syn. of Roe Bergamot), 522
Bergamotte de Rouen, 276
Bergamotte Rouge, 275
Bergamotte Rouge de Mayer, 276
Bergamotte Sageret, 276
Bergamotte Sanguine, 276
Bergamotte Sannier, 276
_Bergamotte Sapieganka_ (syn. of Sapieganka), 541
Bergamotte Silvange, 276
Bergamotte de Souchait, 276
Bergamotte de Soulers, 277
Bergamotte de Stryker, 277
_Bergamotte Suisse_ (syn. of Bergamote d'Automne Panachée), 269
Bergamotte Suisse Rond, 277
Bergamotte Tardive Collette, 277
_Bergamotte Tardive de Gansel_ (syn. of Gansel Late Bergamot), 391
Bergamotte Thuerlinckx, 277
Bergamotte de Tournai, 277
Bergamotte de Tournay, 278
_Bergamotte von Vezouzière_ (syn. of Vezouzière), 571
Bergamotte Volltragende, 278
_Bergamotte Welbeck_ (syn. of Welbeck Bergamot), 577
Bergbirne, 278
Bergen, 278
Bergen, Cornelius, orig. of Island, 425
Berlaimont, 278
Bernard, 278
Berriays, 278
Bertrand Guinoisseau, 278
Berzelius, 279
Besi de Caen, 279
Besi de Caffoy, 279
Besi-Carême, 279
_Besi de Chaumontel_ (syn. of Chaumontel), 335
Besi Dubost, 279
_Besi de l'Echasserie_ (syn. of Echasserie), 374
Besi Espéren, 279
_Besi Garnier_ (syn. of Garnier), 392
Besi Goubault, 279
Besi de Grieser de Böhmenkirsch, 279
Besi d'Héry, 280
_Besi Incomparable_ (syn. of Besi Sans Pareil), 281
Besi Liboutton, 280
Besi de Mai, 280
Besi de Moncondroiceu, 280
Besi de Montigny, 280
Besi de la Motte, 280
Besi de Naghin, 281
Besi de la Pierre, 281
Besi de Quessoy, 281
Besi de Saint-Waast, 281
Besi Sans Pareil, 281
_Besi Sanspareil_ (syn. of Besi Sans Pareil), 281
Besi Tardif, 281
Besi de Van Mons, 282
Besi des Vétérans, 282
Besi de Vindré, 282
Besi de Wutzum, 282
Bessard-Duparc, orig. of Madame Duparc, 457
Bessemianka, 282
Best Favorite, 282
Bettina, 282
Betzelsbirne, 283
Betzy, 283
Beurré Ad. Papeleu, 283
Beurré Adam, 283
Beurré d'Adenaw, 283
Beurré Alexandre Lucas, 283
_Beurré Alexandre Lucas_ (syn. of Alexander Lucas), 240
Beurré Allard, 283
Beurré Amandé, 283
Beurré d'Amanlis, 283
Beurré Ananas, 284
Beurré d'Angleterre, 284
Beurré d'Anjou, 127; parent of Huggard, 421; place in commercial pear culture, 84
Beurré Antoine, 284
Beurré Antoinette, 284
_Beurré d'Apremont_ (syn. of Beurré Bosc), 130
Beurré Aqualine, 284
Beurré d'Arenberg, 129; confusion of, with Glou Morceau, 129
_Beurré d'Arenberg_ (syn. of Glou Morceau), 172
Beurré de l'Assomption, 284; parent of Souvenir de Gaëte, 550
Beurré Audusson, 284
Beurré des Augustins, 285
Beurré Aunénière, 285
Beurré d'Automne de Donauer, 285
Beurré d'Avoine, 285
Beurré d'Avril, 285
Beurré Bachelier, 285; parent of S. T. Wright, 533
Beurré Backhouse, 285
Beurré Bailly, 285
Beurré Baltet Père, 286
Beurré Baud, 286
Beurré Beauchamp, 286
Beurré Beaulieu, 286
_Beurré Beaumont_ (syn. of Beurré de Mortefontaine), 301
Beurré Beek, 286
Beurré des Béguines, 286
Beurré Bennert, 286
Beurré Benoist, 287
Beurré Berckmans, 287
Beurré de Biseau, 287
Beurré Blanc Doré, 287
Beurré Blanc de Nantes, 287
Beurré Boisbunel, 287
Beurré Bollwiller, 288
Beurré de Bordeaux, 288
Beurré Bosc, 130; parent of Harris, 412; place of, in commercial pear culture, 84
Beurré Bourbon, 288
Beurré de Brême, 288
Beurré Bretonneau, 288
Beurré de Brigné, 288
Beurré Bronzé, 288
Beurré de Brou, 288
Beurré Brougham, 289
Beurré Bruneau, 289
Beurré de Bruxelles, 289
Beurré Burnicq, 289
Beurré du Bus, 289
Beurré Bymont, 289
Beurré de Caen, 289
Beurré Capiaumont, 289
Beurré Caty, 290
Beurré Caune, 290
Beurré du Cercle Pratique de Rouen, 290
Beurré du Champ Corbin, 290
Beurré Charron, 290
Beurré Chatenay, 290
Beurré Chaudy, 290
Beurré Christ, 290
Beurré Citron, 290
Beurré Clairgeau, 132; parent of Cardinal Georges d'Ambroise, 328; Huggard, 421; Louis Vilmorin, 451; Thérèse Appert, 562; place of, in commercial pear culture, 84
Beurré Clotaire, 290
Beurré de Coit, 291
Beurré Colmar, 291
Beurré Coloma, 291
Beurré du Comte Marcolini, 291
Beurré de Conitz, 291
Beurré Copretz, 291
_Beurré Curtet_ (syn. of Lamy), 184
Beurré Dalbret, 291
Beurré Daras, 291
Beurré Daviss, 291
Beurré Defays, 292
Beurré Degalait, 292
Beurré Delannoy, 292
Beurré Delbecq, 292
Beurré Délicat, 292
Beurré Derouineau, 292
Beurré Diel, 133; parent of Jeanne d'Arc, 429; Pierre Corneille, 499
Beurré Dilly, 292
Beurré Docteur Pariset, 292
_Beurré Doré de Bilboa_ (syn. of Golden Beurré of Bilboa), 398
Beurré Doux, 292
Beurré van Driessche, 293
Beurré Driessen, 293
Beurré Dubuisson, 293
Beurré Duhaume, 293
Beurré Dumont, 293
Beurré Dumortier, 293
Beurré Dupont, 293
Beurré Duquesne, 293
Beurré Durand, 293
Beurré Duval, 294
_Beurre Duvivier_ (syn. of Général Duvivier), 395
Beurré d'Ellezelles, 294
_Beurré d'Enghien_ (syn. of Beurré Colmar), 291
Beurré Épine, 294
_Beurré Épine_ (syn. of Colmar Épine), 343
Beurré d'Espéren, 294
Beurré d'Esquelmes, 294
Beurré Eugène Furst, 294
Beurré Fauve de Printemps, 294
Beurré Favre, 294
Beurré Fenzl, 294
Beurré de Février, 294
Beurré Fidéline, 295
Beurré Flon, 295
Beurré Fouqueray, 295
Beurré Gambier, 295
Beurré Gaujard, 295
Beurré van Geert, 295
Beurré Gendron, 295
Beurré de Germiny, 295
Beurré de Ghélin, 296
Beurré Giffard, 134; parent of August Jurie, 254; Fin Juillet, 382
Beurré Gilles, 296
Beurré Goubault, 296; parent of Fertility, 381
Beurré Graue Herbst, 296
Beurré Grétry, 296
Beurré Gris, 296; parent of Cabot, 323
Beurré-Gris d'Enghien, 296
_Beurré Gris d'Été_ (syn. of Yat), 586
_Beurré Gris d'Été de Hollande_ (syn. of Yat), 586
_Beurre Gris d'Hiver Nouveau_ (syn. of Beurré de Luçon), 300
Beurré de Grumkon, 296
Beurré Grumkower, 296
_Beurré Haffner_ (syn. of Haffner Butterbirne), 410
Beurré Hamecher, 297
Beurré d'Hardenpont, parent of Directeur Tisserand, 360
_Beurré d'Hardenpont_ (syn. of Glou Morceau), 172
Beurré d'Hardenpont d'Automne, 297
Beurré Hardy, 135
Beurré Hennau, 297
Beurré Henri Courcelle, 297; parent of Cardinal Georges d'Ambroise, 328; Pierre Curie, 499
Beurré Hillereau, 297
Beurré d'Hiver, 297
Beurré d'hiver de Dittrich, 297
Beurré d'Hiver de Kestner, 297
Beurré de Hochheim, 297
Beurré Hudellet, 297
Beurré Jalais, 298
Beurré Jean Van Geert, 298
Beurré de Jonghe, 136
_Beurré Keele Hall_ (syn. of Styrian), 554
Beurré Kennes, 298
Beurré Kenrick, 298
Beurré Knight, 298
Beurré Knox, 298
Beurré de Koninck, 298
Beurré Kossuth, 299
Beurré de Ladé, 299
Beurré Lagasse, 299
Beurré Lamoyeau, 299
Beurré Langelier, 299
Beurré de Lederbogen, 299
Beurré Lefèvre, 299
Beurré de Lenzen, 299
Beurré Liebart, 299
Beurré de Lindauer, 300
Beurré Loisel, 300
Beurré de Longrée, 300
Beurré de Luçon, 300; parent of Casimir, 329
Beurré Luizet, 300
Beurré de Mans, 300
Beurré Mauxion, 300
Beurré Menand, 300
_Beurré de Mérode_ (syn. of Doyenné Boussock), 152
Beurré Millet, 300
Beurré Moiré, 300
Beurré Mondelle, 301
Beurré de Mons, 301
Beurré de Montgeron, 301
Beurré Morisot, 301
Beurré de Mortefontaine, 301
Beurré de Mortillet, 301
Beurré Motte, 302
Beurré des Mouchouses, 302
Beurré de Naghin, 302
Beurré de Nantes, 302
Beurré de Nesselrode, 302
Beurré Obozinski, 302
Beurré Oudinot, 302
Beurré de Paimpol, 302
Beurré de Palandt, 303
Beurré Pauline, 303
Beurré Pauline Delzent, 303
Beurré Payen, 303
Beurré Perran, 303
_Beurré Perrault_ (syn. of Duchesse de Bordeaux), 371
Beurré Philippe Delfosse, 303
Beurré Pointillé de Roux, 303
Beurré de Popuelles, 303
Beurré Preble, 303
Beurré Précoce, 304
Beurré Pringalle, 304
Beurré de Quenast, 304
Beurré de Ramegnies, 304
Beurré de Rance, 304
Beurré Reine, 304
Beurré Richelieu, 304
_Beurré Robert_ (syn. of Doyenné du Comice), 153
Beurré Roland, 304
Beurré Romain, 304
Beurré Rome Gaujard, 305
Beurré Rose, 305
Beurré Rouge d'Automne, 305
_Beurré Rouppé_ (syn. of Easter Beurré), 159
Beurré Royal de Turin, 305
Beurré de Saint-Amand, 305
Beurré de Saint Arnaud, 305
Beurré Saint-Aubert, 305
Beurré Saint-François, 305
Beurré Saint-Marc, 305
_Beurré de Saint-Nicolas_ (syn. of Duchesse d'Orléans), 156
Beurré Samoyeau, 305
Beurré Scheidweiller, 306
Beurré Seutin, 306
Beurré de Silly, 306
Beurré Six, 306
Beurré Soulange, 306
Beurré Spence, 306
Beurré Stappaerts, 306
Beurré Steins, 306
Beurré Sterckmans, 306
Beurré de Stuttgardt, 307
Beurré Sucré, 307
Beurré Superfin, 137; parent of Comte de Lambertye, 346
Beurré Thoury, 307
_Beurré Thuerlinckx_ (syn. of Thuerlinckx), 563
Beurré Triguer, 307
Beurré de Ulm, 307
Beurré Vanille, 307
Beurré Varenne de Fenille, 307
Beurré Vauban, 307
Beurré Vert d'Été, 307
Beurré Vert Tardif, 308
_Beurré Vert de Tournai_ (syn. of Bergamotte de Tournai), 277
_Beurré Vital_ (syn. of Vital), 574
Beurré Wamberchies, 308
Beurré de Wetteren, 308
Beurré Winter, 308
Beurré Witzhumb, 308
Beurré Woronson, 308
Beurré Zotman, 308
Beyer Martinsbirne, 308
Beymont, 308
Bezi Blanc, 309
Bezi de Naples, 309
_Bezi Vaet_ (syn. of Besi de Saint-Waast), 281
_Bezy de Caissoy_ (syn. of Besi de Quessoy), 281
Bidwell, General, orig. of Kennedy, 434
Bied-Charreton, 309
Bierbaumer Mostbirne, 309
Big Productive, 309
Bijou, 309
Bill Campbell, 309
Binsce, 309
_Birn von Fontenay_ (syn. of Fontenay), 166
Birne von Turschud, 309
Biseau d'Hauteville, A. de, orig. of Beurré de Biseau, 287
Biseau d'Hauteville, Chevalier de, orig. of Président Watier, 511
Bishop Thumb, 309
Bivort, Alexandre, orig. of varieties, 237, 241, 264, 269, 284, 287, 303, 326, 340, 355, 431, 464, 465, 475, 490, 511, 520, 523, 528, 530, 531, 544, 581; work as pear breeder, 19
Bivort Zuckerbirne, 309
Black Hawk, 310
Black Huffcap, 310
Black mold of pear, 117
_Black Pear of Worcester_ (syn. of Black Worcester), 310
Black Sorrel, 310
Black Worcester, 310
Blackeney Red, 310
Blanchet, Claude, orig. of Claude Blanchet, 340; La France, 440
Blanquet Anastère, 310
Blanquet Long, 311
Blanquet à Longue Queue, 311
Blanquet Précoce, 311
Blanquet de Saintonge, 311
Blanquette de Toulouse, 311
Bleeker Meadow, 311
Blessed, 311
Blickling, 311
Blight, pear, control of, 113; notes on, 111
Blight resistance of _Pyrus ovoidea_, 81; _Pyrus ussuriensis_,78
Blight resistant pear varieties, 112
Block, 311
Block, A., orig. of Acme, 237; Block, 311
Blodget, 312
Blodget, David, orig. of Blodget, 312
Bloodgood, 138
Bloodgood, James, introd. of Bloodgood, 139
_Bloodgood's Sommerbirne_ (syn. of Bloodgood), 138
Blooming season of pear varieties, 88
Blooming time of pears, notes on, 87
Blumenbirne, 312
Blutbirne, 312
Bocksbirne, 312
Bödiker Dechantsbirne, 312
Bogenäkerin, 312
Böhmische frühe Jakobsbirne, 312
Boïeldien, 312
Boisbunel, orig. of varieties, 200, 243, 245, 266, 275, 278, 287, 290, 295, 324, 344, 347, 349, 361, 366, 370, 395, 427, 440, 451, 452, 462, 469, 470, 471, 472, 491, 493, 505, 509, 510, 512, 544, 555, 570
Boisselot, orig. of Fortunée Boisselot, 387; Président de la Bastie, 509; Professeur Barral, 514
Bolarmud, 312
Bollweiler, orig. of Bollweiler Butterbirne, 312
Bollweiler Butterbirne, 312
Bologna, 312
Bonamy, orig. of Paul Bonamy, 492
_Bon-Chrétien d'Auch_ (syn. of Bon-Chrétien d'Hiver), 314
Bon-Chrétien d'Auch (Calvel), 312
Bon-Chrétien d'Automne, 313
Bon-Chrétien Bonnamour, 313
_Bon-Chrétien de Bruxelles_ (syn. of Bon-Chrétien Fondant), 313
Bon-Chrétien d'Espagne, 313
Bon-Chrétien d'été, 313
Bon-Chrétien Fondant, 313
_Bon-Chrétien Fred Baudry_ (syn. of Baudry), 261
Bon-Chrétien Frédéric Baudry, 313
Bon-Chrétien d'Hiver, 314
Bon-Chrétien d'Hiver Panaché, 314
Bon-Chrétien Mathieu Joseph Lamarche, 314
_Bon-Chrétien de Nikita_ (syn. of Nikitaer Grüne Herbst-Apothekerbirne), 482
Bon-Chrétien Prevost, 314
_Bon-Chrétien de Rance_ (syn. of Beurré de Rance), 304
Bon-Chrétien du Rhin d'Automne, 314
Bon-Chrétien Ricchiero, 314
Bon-Chrétien Vermont, 315
Bon-Chrétien de Vernois, 315
_Bon-Chrétien de Vernois_ (syn. of Flemish Bon-Chrétien), 382
_Bon-Chrétien Williams'_ (syn. of Bartlett), 124
Bon Gustave, 315
Bon Parent, 315
Bon-Roi-René, 315
Bon Vicaire, 315
Bonne d'Anjou, 315
Bonne-Antonine, 315
Bonne de Beugny, 316
Bonne Carmélite, 316
Bonne de la Chapelle, 316
Bonne Charlotte, 316
_Bonne-Ente_ (syn. of White Doyenné), 228
Bonne d'Ezée, 316
Bonne de Jalais, 316
Bonne-Jeanne, 316
_Bonne Louise d'Avranches_ (syn. of Louise Bonne de Jersey), 193
Bonne de Malines, parent of Léger, 444
_Bonne de Malines_ (syn. of Winter Nelis), 232
Bonne Sophia, 316
_Bonne de Soulers_ (syn. of Bergamotte de Soulers), 277
Bonne Thérèse, 317
Bonne des Zoes, 317
Bonnefond, orig. of Madame Bonnefond, 456
Bonnefoy, orig. of Doyenné Nérard, 368; Madame Élisa Dumas, 457
Bonners, 317
Bonneserre de Saint-Denis, 317
Bonnet, orig. of Beurré Hardy, 136; Lesbre, 447
Bonnet Zuckerbirne, 317
_Bordeaux_ (syn. of Duchesse de Bordeaux), 371
Bordine Musk, 317
Borers on pear, 120
Bosc, introd. of Styrian, 554
_Bosc_ (syn. of Beurré Bosc), 130
_Bosc's Butterbirne_ (syn. of Beurré Bosc), 130
_Bosc's Flaschenbirne_ (syn. of Beurré Bosc), 130
_Boston_ (syn. of Pinneo), 499
Botany, structural, of pear, 58
Bouchamp, 317
Boucqueau, Albert, orig. of Fondante Albert, 383
Boucquia, 317
Bouet, Henri, orig. of Henri Bouet, 415
Bourdon de Roi, 317
_Boussock_ (syn. of Doyenné Boussock), 152
Boutoc, 317
_Bouvert Musqué_ (syn. of Parfum d'Hiver), 490
Bouvier, Simon, orig. of varieties, 184, 240, 241, 315, 318, 328, 343, 355, 356, 378, 416, 426, 446, 545, 546, 565, 568; work as pear breeder, 19
Bouvier d'Automne, 318
Bouvier Bourgmestre, 318
Bouviers Herbstbirne, 318
Bouzin, Norbert, orig. of Doyenné de Ramegnies, 369
Bowdoin, 318
Bowne Winter Russet, 318
Boyken June, 318
Braconot, 318
Brandes, 318
Brandywine, 140
Braunrote Speckbirne, 318
Braunrothe Frühlingsbirne, 319
Braunrothe Sommerrusselet, 319
Brederode, 319
Breeding pears, Van Mons' theory of, 18
Bremer Butterbirne, 319
Brewer, 319
Brewster, 319
Brialmont, 319
Brielsche Pomeranzenbirne, 319
Briffaut, 319
Briffaut, orig. of Président Payen, 510
Brincklé, Dr. W. D., orig. of Catherine Gardette, 330; Edward Seedling St. Germain, 375; President Felton, 509; Wilmington, 582
Brindamour, 320
Bringewood, 320
British Queen, 320
_Brockworth Park_ (syn. of Bonne d'Ezée), 316
Broncirte Winterbirne, 320
Bronx, 320
Bronzée Boisselot, 320
Bronzée d'Enghien, 320
Brookline, 320
Broom Park, 320
Brough Bergamot, 320
Brown, Samuel, orig. of Sam Brown, 539
_Brown Beurré_ (syn. of Beurré Gris), 296
Brown-Blotch of pear, 116
Bruant, introd. of Figueira, 382; orig. of Commandant Belaieff, 345
Bruce, A. L., orig. of Alamo, 240
_Bruderbirne_ (syn. of Pound), 208
Brugmans, 321
Brumbirne, 321
Brune Minême, 321
Brunet, 321
Brüsseler Herbstbergamotte, 321
_Brüssler Zuckerbirne_ (syn. of Sucrée Van Mons), 555
Brute Bonne, 321
Bryan, Edwards, 321
Bryant, mention of fruits in California by, 54; orig. of Cedarmere, 331
Brymer, Col., introd. of Santa Claus, 540
Buchanan, 321
Buchanan, Isaac, orig. of Buchanan, 321
Buckman, Benjamin, orig. of Timpling, 563
Bud-moth on pear, 120
Budd, J. L., introd. of Russian pears, 56; orig. of Gibb, 396
Buffalo, 321
_Buffam_ (syn. of Buffum), 141
Buffum, 141
_Bugiarda_ (syn. of Bon-Chrétien Fondant), 313; (Épine d'Été), 377
Buneau, Jules, orig. of Marie Jallais, 464
Bunte Mannabirne, 321
Buntebirne, 321
Burbank, Luther, orig. of Test, 560
Burchardt, Judge, orig. of Malvoisie de Landsberg, 461
Burchardt Butterbirne, 322
Buree Winter, 322
Burgoyne, 322
Burkett, 322
Burlingame, 322
Burlingame, Mrs., orig. of Burlingame, 322
Burnett, 322
Burnett, Joel, orig. of Burnett, 322
Burton, R. E., orig. of Ulatis, 567
Butt Pear, 322
Butterartige Bergamotte, 322
_Butterbirne von Saint-Nicolas_ (syn. of Duchesse d'Orléans), 156
Büttner Sachsische Ritterbirne, 322
Cabot, 323
Cabot, J. S., orig. of Cabot, 323
Cadeau, 323
Cadet de Vaux, 323
Caen de France, 323
Caesar, 323
_Caillot_ (syn. of Naquette), 480
Caillot Rosat (English), 323
Caillot Rosat (French), 323
Calbasbirn, 324
Calebasse, 324
_Calebasse Abbé Fétel_ (syn. of Abbé Fétel), 236
Calebasse d'Anvers, 324
Calebasse de Bavay, 324
Calebasse Boisbunel, 324
Calebasse Bosc, 324
Calebasse Delvigne, 325
Calebasse d'Été, 325
Calebasse Fondante, 325
_Calebasse Grosse_ (syn. of Van Marum), 569
Calebasse d'Hiver, 325
Calebasse Kickx, 325
Calebasse Leroy, 325
Calebasse Oberdieck, 325
Calebasse d'Octobre, 326
_Calebasse princesse Marianne_ (syn. of Princesse Marianne), 513
Calebasse Rose, 326
Calebasse Tougard, 326
Calebasse Verte, 326
Calhoun, 326
California, first commercial pear orchard in, 54
Caliorosa, 326
_Caliroa cerasi_ on pear, 119
Calixte Mignot, 326
_Calliot_ (syn, of Caillot Rosat (French)), 324
Calvillebirne, 326
Calvin, 326
Camak, 326
Camak, J., orig. of Camak, 326
Cambacérès, 327
Camerling, 327
Camille de Rohan, 327
_Camperveen_ (syn. of Kamper-Venus), 433
Canandaigua, 327; parent of Ontario, 202
_Canners Japan_ (syn. of Japan Golden Russet), 428
Canning, 327
Canning pears, 109
Canourgues, 327
Cantelope, 327
Canton, 327
Capeinick, orig. of Duchesse de Brabant, 372
Capiaumont, orig. of Beurré Capiaumont, 289
Capsheaf, 328
Capucine Van Mons, 328
Carasi, 328
Carcas, orig. of Roux Carcas, 532
Cardinal Georges d'Ambroise, 328
_Cardinale_ (syn. of Amiral), 244
Carleton, 328
Carmel, 328
Carminbirne, 328
Caroline Hogg, 328
_Carpocapsa pomonella_ on pear, 118
Carrière, 329
Cartheurserbirne, 329
Case, William, orig. of Mary (Case), 467
Casimir, 329
Cassante du Comice, 329
Cassante de Mars, 329
Cassel, 329
Cassel Nurs. Co., introd. of Cassel, 329
Casser, orig. of Columbia, 344
_Casserule_ (syn. of Poire de Casserole), 502
Cassolette, 329
Cassolette (Knoop), 329
Castelain, Florimond, orig. of Castelline, 330
Castelline, 330
Catch crops for pear orchards, 102
Caterpillars on pear, 120
Catherine Gardette, 330
Catherine Lambré, 330
Catherine Royal, 330
Catillac, 330
Catinka, 330
Cato, mention of pear by, 7
Cauwenberghe, Lievin Van, orig. of Henriette Van Cauwenberghe, 416
Cavaignac, 330
Cavelier de la Salle, 331
Cecil, Mrs. Evelyn, mention of pears by, 31
Cedarmere, 331
Cels Butterbirne, 331
Century, 331
_Cephalothecium roseum_, cause of pink-rot of pear, 117
Cerise Brune, 331
Cerise Double, 331
Cerruttis Durstlösche, 331
Certeau, 331
Certeau d'Automne, 331
Certeau d'Été, 331
Certeau d'Hiver, 332
Cesile, 332
Chænomeles, relationship of, to pear, 57
Chaigneau, 332
Chair-a-Dame, 332
_Chalk_ (syn. of Crawford), 350
_Chambers_ (syn. of Early Harvest), 158
Chambrette, Marquis, introd. of Virgouleuse, 573
Chamness, 332
Chamness, orig. of Chamness, 332
Champ Riche d'Italie, 332
Champagner Bratbirne, 333
Chancelier de Hollande, 333
Chancellor, 333
Chancellor, orig. of Chancellor, 333
Chantry, 333
Chaploux, 333
Chapman, 333
Chaptal, 333
Charlemagne, promotion of pear culture by, 12
Charles Bivort, 333
Charles Cognée, 334
Charles Ernest, 334
Charles Frederickx, 334
Charles de Guelin, 334
Charles Smet, 334
Charles van Hooghten, 334
Charles Van Mons, 334
Charli Basiner, 334
Charlotte de Brouwer, 334
Charlotte de Roucourt, 335
Charnock, 335
Charon, orig. of Beurré Charon, 290
Chat Brulé, 335
Chatenay, Pierre, orig, of Beurré Chatenay, 290
Chattanooga, 335
Chaudfontaine, 335
Chaudy, orig. of Madame Chaudy, 456
Chaumontel, 335; parent of Chaumontel Gras, 335
Chaumontel Gras, 335
Chaumontel Swan Egg, 336
Chaumontelle d'été, 336
Chelmsford, 336
Cher à Dames (Knoop), 336
Cherroise, 336
Chesill, 336
Chesneau, discov. of Fondante de la Roche, 385
Chevreau, Arthur, orig. of Arthur Chevreau, 253
Chilton, 336
China, 336
Chinese Pear. (See _Pyrus serotina_)
_Chinese Sand_ (syn. of Sha Lea), 545
Chio, 337
Choak-pear, 337
Choisnard, 337
Cholwell, 337
Christmas, 337
Christmas Beurré, 337
Church, 337
Churchill, Mrs., orig. of Alexander, 240
Chypre, 337
Cincincis, 338
Cincincis Seedling, 338
Cinquantième anniversaire, 338
Cire, 338
Cité Gomand, 338
Citrina, 338
Citron, 338
_Citron des Carmes_ (syn. of Madeleine), 195
Citron d'Hyver, 339
Citron de Saint Paul, 339
Citron de Sierentz, 339
Citronnée, 339
Clairgeau, Pierre, orig. of Beurré Clairgeau, 132
_Clairgeau_ (syn. of Beurré Clairgeau), 132
_Clairgeau's Butterbirne_ (syn. of Beurré Clairgeau), 132
Clap, 339
Clap, William, orig. of Clap, 339
Clapp, F. & L., orig. of Newhall, 481; Nicholas, 481
Clapp, Lemuel, orig. of Dorset, 149; Frederick Clapp, 169; Harris (Massachusetts), 412
Clapp, Thaddeus, orig. of Clapp Favorite, 143; Sarah, 541
Clapp Favorite, 142; parent of Tolstoy, 564; place of, in commercial pear culture, 84
_Clapp No. 22_ (syn. of Frederick Clapp), 169
_Clapp's Favourite_ (syn. of Clapp Favorite), 142
_Clapp's Liebling_ (syn. of Clapp Favorite), 142
Clara, 339
Clara Durieux, 339
Claretenbirne, 339
Clark, 339
Clarksville, 340
Claude Blanchet, 340
Claude Mollet, 340
Clay, 340
Clean culture versus sod for pear orchards, 102
Clémence de Lavours, 340
Clémence van Rumbeck, 340
Clément Bivort, 340
Clementine, 340
Climate adapted to pear culture, 85
Climate of America uncongenial to pears, 38
Clinton, 340
_Clion_ (syn. of Vicar of Winkfield), 227
Cloche de Wittenberg, 340
Clot, orig. of Beurré Clotaire, 290
Cludius, orig. of Hildesheimer Späte Sommerbirne, 418
Codling moth on pear, 118
_Coeur-de-Boeuf_ (syn. of Ochsenherz), 484
Coit, Colonel, orig. of Beurré de Coit, 291; Coit Beurré, 340
Coit Beurré, 340
Cold resistant pears, 86
Cold storage of pears, 109
Cole, 341
Cole Winter, 341
Colland, Jean, orig. of Triomphe de Vienne, 566
Collins, 341
Colmar, 341
Colmar d'Alost, 341
Colmar d'Arenberg, 341
Colmar Artoisenet, 341
Colmar d'Automne Nouveau, 342
Colmar Bretagne, 342
Colmar Charni, 342
Colmar Daras, 342
Colmar Delahaut, 342
Colmar Demeester, 342
Colmar Dewez, 342
Colmar Épine, 342
Colmar d'Été, 343
Colmar Flotow, 343
Colmar-Hirondelles, 343
_Colmar des Invalides_ (syn. of Colmar Van Mons), 344
Colmar de Jonghe, 343
Colmar de Mars, 343
Colmar du Mortier, 343
Colmar Navez, 343
Colmar Neill, 344
Colmar Sirand, 344
Colmar Van Mons, 344
Colmart, 344
Coloma, Count de, orig. of Beurré Coloma, 291; Coloma Carmeliterbirne, 344; Reine des Poires, 519; Suprême Coloma, 557
Coloma Carmeliterbirne, 344
_Coloma's Herbst Butterbirne_ (syn. of Urbaniste), 224
Colonel Wilder, 143
Colorado Seedless, 344
Colorée de Juillet, 344
Columbia, 144
_Columbia_ (syn. of Barseck), 260
_Comet_ (syn. of Lawson), 186
_Cometbirne_ (syn. of Lawson), 186
_Comice_ (syn. of Doyenné du Comice), 153
Comice Horticole, originator of Doyenné du Comice, 154
Commandant Belaieff, 345
Commercial varieties of pears, 84; in New York, 101
Commissaire Delmotte, 345
Commodore, 345
Compotbirne, 345
Compote d'Été, 345
Comprette, 345
Comstock, 345
Comte Canal de Malabaila, 345
Comte de Chambord, 345
Comte d'Egmont, 346
Comte de Flandres, 346
Comte de Lambertye, 346
_Comte de Lamy_ (syn. of Lamy), 184
Comte Lelieur, 346
Comte de Meladore, 346
Comte de Morny, 346
Comte de Paris, 346
Comtesse d'Alost, 346
Comtesse de Chambord, 346
Comtesse Clara Frijs, 347
Comtesse de Grailly, 347
Comtesse de Paris, 347
Condorcet, 347
Conference, 347
Congrès de Gand, 347
Congrès Pomologique, 347
Conkleton, 348
Conklin, 348
Connecticut, 348
Conseiller de Hollande, 348
Conseiller Ranwez, 348
Constant, Thomas, orig. of Sudduth, 220
Constant Claes, 348
Constitutional characters of pear-trees, 59
Cooke, 348
Cooke, Elijah, orig. of Beurré Preble, 303
Coolidge, D. W., introd. of Winter Bartlett, 231
Copia, 348
Coppiers, orig. of Vice-Président Coppiers, 572
Cordus, discussion of pears by, 20
Cornélie Daras, 348
Cornemuse, 348
Cornewell, 349
Cost of growing pears, 110
Coter, 349
Coule-Soif de Cerutti, 349
Courte-queue d'Automne, 349
Courte-queue d'Hiver, 349
Cousin Blanc, 349
Couteau, 349
Coxe, experimental orchards of, 52; first American pomology by, 52
Craig, 349
Craig Favourite, 350
Crassane, 350; parent of Boïeldien, 312; Lydie Thiérard, 454
Crassane Libotton, 350
Crassane du Mortier, 350
Crawford, 350
Crawford, N. W., orig. of Carmel, 328
Crede kegelförmige Zuckerbirne, 350
Crede Sommerrusselet, 350
Crescenzi, discussion of pear by, 11
Crisco, 351
Crisco, Robert, orig. of Crisco, 351
[vC]rnivka, 351
Crocker, 351
Croft Castle, 351
Crosby, J. W., orig. of Redfield, 518
Cross, 351
Cross, orig. of Cross, 351
Crouch, 351
Crow, 351
Crown-gall on pear, 116
Cuissard and Barret, orig. of Madame Cuissard, 456
Cuisse Madame, parent of Windsor, 583
_Cuisse Madame_ (syn. of Jargonelle (French)), 178
Cullem, 351
Culture, pear, notes on, 83
Cumberland, 351
_Curé_ (syn. of Vicar of Winkfield), 227
Curé d'Oleghem, 352
_Curtet's Butterbirne_ (syn. of Lamy), 184
Cushing, 352
Cushing, Col. Washington, orig. of Cushing, 352
Cydonia, relationship of, to pear, 57
Czernowes, 352
D'Amboise, 352
_D'Ane_ (syn. of Langbirne), 441
_D'Aout Allemande_ (syn. of Deutsche Augustbirne), 358
D'Arad, 352
D'Auch, 352
D'Oeuf, 352
Daimyo, 353
Dallas, 353
Dame, 353
Dame-verte, 353
Dana, Francis, orig. of varieties, 146, 238, 244, 255, 380, 388, 396, 455, 466, 509, 545
Dana Hovey, 146; parent of Luola, 454
_Dana's Hovey_ (syn. of Dana Hovey), 146
_Dana's No. 16_ (syn. of Dana Hovey), 146
_Danas Hovey_ (syn. of Dana Hovey), 146
Daras de Naghin, orig. of varieties, 242, 250, 260, 268, 269, 296, 324, 335, 342, 347, 348, 392, 396, 418, 424, 429, 444, 446, 458, 459, 463, 464, 492, 493, 517, 527, 550, 559, 565
Darimont, 353
Darlington, 353
Dathis, 353
Dauvesse, orig. of Esther Comte, 378
David, 353
David d'Angers, 353
Davis, 354
Davis, orig. of Davis, 354; Gold Nugget, 399
_De Bavay_ (syn. of Autumn Colmar), 256
De Cerciaux, 354
De Chasseur, 354
De Croixmare, 354
De Duvergnies, 354
De la Farge, A., orig. of Belle et Bonne de la Pierre, 263; Besi de la Pierre, 281; Citron de Saint Paul, 339
De Fer, 354
De Fosse, 354
De Jonghe, J., introd. of varieties, 450; orig. of varieties, 261, 280, 292, 334, 343, 348, 370, 447, 522; work of, as pear breeder, 19
_De Jonghe's Butterbirne_ (syn. of Beurré de Jonghe), 136
De Lamartine, 355
De Longueval, orig. of Louise Bonne de Jersey, 193
De Louvain, 355
De Nelis, work of, as pear breeder, 19
De Prêtre, 355
_De Quentin_ (syn. of Rousselet Saint-Quentin), 530
De Rachinquin, 355
De Serres, discussion of the pear by, 14
_De Tongres_ (syn. of Durandeau), 373
Dearborn, 147
Dearborn, Gen. H. A. S., biography of, 147; orig. of Dearborn, 147
_Dearborn's Seedling_ (syn. of Dearborn), 147
_Dechantsbirne von Alençon_ (syn. of Doyenné d'Alençon), 150
Defays, François, orig. of Beurré Defays, 292; Doyenné Defays, 366
Degaud, Isidore, orig. of Délices de Froyennes, 356
Dehove, François, orig. of Rondelet, 523
Delannoy, Alexandre, orig. of Beurré Delannoy, 292
Delcange, 355
_Délices d'Angers_ (syn. of Fondante du Panisel), 385
Délices de la Cacaudière, 355
Délices de Charles, 355
Délices de Chaumont, 356
Délices Everard, 356
Délices de Froyennes, 356
Délices d'Hardenpont, 356
_Délices d'Hardenpont d'Angers_ (syn. of Fondante du Panisel), 385
Délices d'Hiver, 356
Délices de Huy, 356
Délices de Jodoigne, 356
Délices de Ligaudières, 356
Délices de Lovenjoul, 356
Délices de la Meuse, 357
Délices de Naghin, 357
Délices de Saint-Médard, 357
Délices de Tirlemont, 357
Délicieuse de Grammont, 357
Délicieuse de Swijan, 357
Délisse, 357
Delpierre, 357
Delporte Bourgmestre, 357
Democrat, 357
_Demoiselle_ (syn. of Vigne), 572
Demorest, 357
Dempsey, 357
Denis Dauvesse, 358
Derouineau, orig. of Beurré Derouineau, 292
Dervaes Bros., orig. of Bergamotte la Gantoise, 272
Des Chartreux, 358
_Des Chasseurs_ (syn. of Poire des Chasseurs), 502
_Des Chevriers de Stuttgardt_ (syn. of Rousselet de Stuttgardt), 531
Des Deux Soeurs, 358
Deschamps, Monseigneur, orig. of Beurré d'Arenberg, 129
Description blank for pear, opposite 68
Désiré Cornélis, 358
Desportes, François, orig. of Doyenné Downing, 366
Dessauer Weissbirne, 358
Deutsche Augustbirne, 358
Deutsche Glasbirne, 358
Deutsche Kümmelbirne, 358
Deutsche Muskateller, 358
_Deux Fois l'An_ (syn. of Honey), 420
Deux Têtes, 359
Devergnies, 359
Devergnies, orig. of Devergnies, 359
Dewey, 359
Dhommée, 359
_Diamant-peer_ (syn. of Gansel Bergamot), 391
Dickerman, 359
Dickinson, orig. of Eureka, 379
Diego, 359
_Diel_ (syn. of Beurré Diel), 133
_Diel's Butterbirne_ (syn. of Beurré Diel), 133
Dienstbotenbirne, 359
Dieudonné Anthoine, 359
_Dikeman_ (syn. of Dickerman), 359
Diller, 360
Dilly, V., orig. of Beurré Dilly, 292
Diman, 360
Dion, orig. of Belle Guérandaise, 264
Directeur Alphand, 360
Directeur Hardy, 360
Directeur Tisserand, 360
Directeur Varenne, 360
Dirkjes Peer, 360
Diseases of the pear, 110
Dix, 360
Dix, Madame, orig. of Dix, 360
Dixie, 360
Doat, 361
Doat, orig. of Doat, 361
Docteur Andry, 361
Docteur Bénit, 361
Docteur Bourgeois, 361
Docteur Bouvier, 361
Docteur Capron, 361
Docteur Chaineau, 361
Docteur Delatosse, 361
Docteur Gromier, 361
Docteur Joubert, 361
_Docteur Jules Guyot_ (syn. of Guyot), 173
Docteur Koch, 361
Docteur Lentier, 362
Docteur Lindley, 362
Docteur Meniere, 362
Docteur Nélis, 362
Docteur P. Bruzon, 362
Docteur Pariset, 362
Docteur Pigeaux, 362
_Docteur Rhéder_ (syn. of Reeder), 211
Docteur Trousseau, 362
Doctor Bachmann, 362
Doctor Engelbrecht, 363
Doctor Hogg Bergamot, 363
Doctor Hoskins, 363
Doctor Howe, 363
Dr. Jules Guyot, 173
_Doctor Reeder_ (syn. of Reeder), 211
Doctor Turner, 363
Dodge, 363
Dodoens, mention of pear varieties by, 16
Doktorsbirne, 363
Donatienne Bureau, 363
Dones, 363
Donville, 363
_Doppelte Philippsbirne_ (syn. of Doyenné Boussock), 152
Doppelttragende gelbe Muskatellerbirne, 364
Dörell Herbst Muskateller, 364
Dorlain, orig. of Saint Ghislain, 536
Dorothée Nouvelle, 364
Dorothée Royale Nouvelle, 364
Dorr, 364
Dorschbirne, 364
Dorset, 149
Dosoris, 364
Double d'Automne, 364
_Double Blossom_ (syn. of Double-Fleur), 364
Double-Fleur, 364
Double de Guerre, 365
Double-Plouvier, 365
Double Rousselet, 365
Douglas, 150
Douillard, orig. of Alexandrine Douillard, 241
Dow, 365
Downer, Samuel, introd. of Andrews, 246
Dowler, 365
Downton, 365
Doyen Dillen, 365
_Doyenné_ (syn. of White Doyenné), 228
Doyenné d'Alençon, 150; parent of Bergamotte Tardive Collette, 277; Pierre Curie, 499
Doyenné Bizet, 365
_Doyenné Blanc_ (syn. of White Doyenné), 228
Doyenné Blanc Long, 366
Doyenné Boisnard, 366
Doyenné Boisselot, 366
Doyenné de Bordeaux, 366.
_Doyenné Boussoch_ (syn. of Doyenné Boussock), 152
Doyenné Boussock, 152; parent of Fondante des Emmurées, 384
_Doyenné Boussock Nouvelle_ (syn. of Doyenné Boussock), 152
Doyenné Bouyron, 366
Doyenné du Cercle, 366
Doyenné à Cinq Pans, 366
Doyenné du Comice, 153; parent of Directeur Tisserand, 360; Doyenné Georges Boucher, 367; Jeanne d'Arc, 429; Pierre Corneille, 499
Doyenné Defays, 366
Doyenné Downing, 366
_Doyenné d'Effay_ (syn. of Doyenné Defays), 366
Doyenné d'Été, parent of Eliot Early, 375
_Doyenné d'Été_ (syn. of Summer Doyenné), 221
Doyenné Flon Ainé, 367
Doyenné Fradin, 367
Doyenné Georges Boucher, 367
Doyenné Goubault, 367
_Doyenné Gray_ (syn. of Doyenné Gris), 367
Doyenné de la Grifferaye, 367
Doyenné Gris, 367
_Doyenné Gris_, parent of Avocat Allard, 257
Doyenné Guillard, 367
Doyenné des Haies, 367
_Doyenné d'Hiver_ (syn. of Easter Beurré), 159
Doyenné Hudellet, 368
Doyenné Jamin, 368
_Doyenné de Juillet_ (syn. of Summer Doyenné), 221
Doyenné de Lorraine, 368
Doyenné Louis, 368
_Doyenné de Mérode_ (syn. of Doyenné Boussock), 152
Doyenné de Montjean, 368
Doyenné Nérard, 368
Doyenné Nouveau, 368
Doyenné Perrault, 368
Doyenné Picard, 368
Doyenné Rahard, 369
Doyenné de Ramegnies, 369
Doyenné Robin, 369
Doyenné Rose, 369
Doyenné Saint-Roch, 369
Doyenné de Saumur, 369
Doyenné Sentelet, 369
Doyenné Sieulle, 369
_Doyenné Sterckmans_ (syn. of Beurré Sterckmans), 306
Drapiez, 369
Driessche, orig. of Beurré van Driessche, 293
_Driessen's Pomeranzenbirne_ (syn. of Beurré Driessen), 293
Drone, 370
_Drouard_ (syn. of Président Drouard), 210
Du Breuil, Alphonse, orig. of Du Breuil Père, 370; Souvenir de du Breuil Père, 549
Du Breuil Père, 370
Du Mirror, 370
Du Mortier, orig. of Bergamotte de Tournai, 278
Du Roeulx, 370
Dubreuil, orig. of Professeur Dubreuil, 514
Dubrulle, 370
Dubuisson, Isidore, orig. of Beurré Dubuisson, 293
Duc Alfred de Croy, 370
Duc d'Aumale, 370
Duc de Brabant, 370
Duc de Morny, 370
Duc de Nemours, 370
_Duchess of Angoulême_ (syn. of Duchesse d'Angoulême), 154
_Duchess Bronze_ (syn. of Duchesse d'Angoulême Bronzée), 371
_Duchess of Orleans_ (syn. of Duchesse d'Orléans), 156
Duchesse d'Angoulême, 154; parent of Bill Campbell, 309; Cassel, 329; Dempsey, 357; Douglas, 150; Duchesse Précoce, 372; General Wauchope, 395; Henri Bouet, 415; place of, in New York pear culture, 85
Duchesse d'Angoulême Bronzée, 371
Duchesse d'Angoulême Panachée, 371
Duchesse Anne, 371
Duchesse d'Arenberg, 371
Duchesse de Berry d'Été, 371
Duchesse de Bordeaux, 371; parent of Doyenné à Cinq Pans, 366
Duchesse de Brabant, 372
Duchess de Brabant (De Capeinick), 372
Duchesse de Brissac, 372
Duchesse Grousset, 372
Duchesse Hélène d'Orléans, 372
Duchesse d'Hiver, 372
Duchesse Hybrid, 372
Duchesse de Mars, 372
Duchesse de Mouchy, 372
Duchesse d'Orléans, 156
Duchesse Précoce, 372
Duchovaya, 373
Dudley, 373
Dudley, mention of pears by, 45; orig. of Dudley, 373
_Duhamel_ (syn. of Duhamel du Monceau), 157
Duhamel du Monceau, 157
_Duhamel's Butterbirne_ (syn. of Duhamel du Monceau), 157
Duke, Lucy, orig. of Beaufort, 262; Lucy Duke, 194
_Dumas_ (syn. of Épine du Mas), 377
Dumon-Dumortier, 373
Dumont, Joseph, orig. of Bergamotte de Tournai, 277; Beurré Dumont, 293; Beurré d'Esquelmes, 294
Dundas, 373
Dunmore, 373
Dupuy Charles, 373
Duquesne, Abbé, orig. of Colmar Van Mons, 344; Marie Louise, 198
Durand-Gasselin, orig. of Poire Brune de Gasselin, 501
Durandeau, 373
Durandeau, Charles Louis, orig. of Durandeau, 373
Durée, 374
Durst-Lösche, 374
Dussart, orig. of Bergamotte Dussart, 271
"Dutch Jacob", discoverer of Seckel, 215
Duval, orig. of Archiduc Charles, 251; Beurré Duval, 294
Dwarfing, best pear varieties for, 95; of pears, 94
Earl, S., orig. of Herkimer, 417
Early Ely, 374
Early Green Sugar, 374
Early Harvest, 158
_Early Butter of Indiana_ (syn. of Craig), 349
_Early Rousselet_ (syn. of Rousselet Hâtif), 528
_Early Wilbur_ (syn. of Wilbur), 580
_Early Wilder_ (syn. of Wilder Early), 230
Easter Bergamot, 374
Easter Beurré, 159; parent of Directeur Varenne, 360; Louis Cappe, 451; Souvenir de Renault Père, 550
Eastern Belle, 374
Echasserie, 374
Eckard, W. C., orig. of Luola, 454
Economic considerations in pear culture, 94
Edle Sommerbirne, 375
Edward Seedling St. Germain, 375
Edwards, Bryan, orig. of Bryan Edwards, 321
Edwards, Henry W., biography of, 375; orig. of varieties, 326, 327, 338, 340, 353, 375, 388, 416, 567, 568, 581
Effie Holt, 375
Eliot, Judge Charles, orig. of Eliot Early, 375
Eliot Early, 375
Élisa d'Heyst, 375
Elizabeth, 161
Elizabeth (Edwards), 375
_Élizabeth de Manning_ (syn. of Elizabeth), 161
Elizabeth Maury, 376
Ellis, 376
Ellis, Annie E., orig. of Ellis, 376
Ellis (New York), 376
Ellison, M. P., orig. of Ford, 386
Ellwanger, George, biography of, 205
Ellwanger & Barry, introd. into America of Alexander Lucas, 240
Ely, Silas, orig. of Early Ely, 374
Emerald, 376
Émile d'Heyst, 376
Endicott pear tree, 41
Enfant Nantais, 376
Enfant Prodigue, 376
England, pear in, 29
English and American pear-growing compared, 37
_Épargne_ (syn. of Jargonelle), 177
Épine d'Été, 377
Épine d'Été Rouge, 377
Épine d'Hiver, 377
Épine de Jernages, 377
Épine du Mas, 377
Épine Royale, 377
Épine-Royale de Courtray, 378
_Eriophyes pyri_ on pear, 119
Ermsinde, 378
Ernestine Auzolle, 378
Ernst, A. H., introd. of Prairie du Pond, 506
Eseme, 378
Espéren, Major, orig. of varieties, 165, 180, 219, 242, 271, 279, 288, 289, 315, 325, 329, 330, 334, 338, 362, 365, 375, 376, 384, 400, 430, 457, 462, 477, 478, 491, 492, 494, 513, 531, 542, 548, 558, 563, 573; work of, as a pear breeder, 19
_Esperen Waldbirne_ (syn. of Belle de Forêts), 264
_Esperen's Herrenbirne_ (syn. of Belle Lucrative), 126
Esperine, 378
Esperione, 378
Essex, 378
Essington, W. E., orig. of Autumn Joséphine, 256
Esther Comte, 378
Estienne, list of pears given by, 13
Estranguillon, 378
Esturion, 378
Eugène Appert, 379
Eugène Furst, 379
Eugène Maisin, 379
Eugène des Nouhes, 379
Eugène Thirriot, 379
Euratsfelder Mostbirne, 379
Eureka, 379
Europe, eastern and central, pear in, 19
European pear varieties imported into America, 52
Eva Baltet, 379
Everard, Gabriel, orig. of Délices Everard, 356
Excellente de Moine, 380
Excelsior, 380
Eyewood, 380
_Fabræa maculata_, cause of leaf-blight, 115
Fall, 380
Fall Beurré d'Arenburg, 380
Famenga, 380
_Farragut_ (syn. of Admiral Farragut), 238
_Fassbirne_ (syn. of Tonneau), 564
Faurite, 380
Fauvanelle, 380
_Favorite de Clapp_ (syn. of Clapp Favorite), 142
Favorite Joanon, 380
Favorite Morel, 381
Favre, orig. of Madame Favre, 458; Souvenir Favre, 550
Feast, 381
Feast, Samuel, orig. of Feast, 381
Feaster, Aaron, orig. of Bleeker Meadow, 311
Félix de Liem, 381
Félix Sahut, 381
Feraut, orig. of Augier, 254
Ferdinand Gaillard, 381
Ferdinand de Lesseps, 381
Fertility, 381
Fertility of pear, 99
Fertilizers for pears, 98
_Feuille de chêne_ (syn. of Naples), 479
Figue, 381
Figue d'Alençon, 382
Figue de Naples, 382
Figueira, 382
Fin Juillet, 382
Fin-Or d'Orleans, 382
Fin-Or de Septembre, 382
_Fine Gold of Summer_ (syn. of Fin-Or d'Orléans), 382
Fitzwater, 382
Flack, W., orig. of Essex, 378
Fleming, Mrs. Maria, orig. of Lincoln, 191
Flemish Beauty, 163; parent of Bergamotte Nicolle, 274; Doctor Hoskins, 363; Eva Baltet, 379; Max, 469
Flemish Bon Chrêtien, 382
Flon, orig. of Bertrand Guinoisseau, 278; Beurré Flon, 295; Doyenné Flon Ainé, 367; Fortunée supérieure, 387; Maréchal Pelissier, 462
Flon-Grolleau, orig. of Général Bosquet, 394; Lieutenant Poidevin, 448; Saint Vincent de Paul, 538
_Florelle_ (syn. of Forelle), 167
Florent Schouman, 383
Florida Bartlett, 383
Florimond Parent, 390
Flower-buds of pear, characteristics of, 62
Flowers of pear, characteristics of, 62
Fluke, 383
Fluke, N. K., introd. of Fluke, 383
Fondante Agréable, 383
Fondante Albert, 383
Fondante d'Angers, 383
_Fondante d'Automne_ (syn. of Belle Lucrative), 126
Fondante de Bihorel, 383
_Fondante des Bois_ (syn. of Flemish Beauty), 163
Fondante de Brest, 383
Fondante de Charleville, 384
Fondante de Charneau, 384
Fondante de Cuerne, 384
Fondante des Emmurées, 384
Fondante d'Ingendal, 384
Fondante de Ledeberg, 384
Fondante de la Maitre-École, 384
Fondante de Malines, 384
Fondante de Mars, 384
Fondante de Moulins-Lille, 385
Fondante de Nees, 385
Fondante de Noël, 164
Fondante du Panisel, 385
Fondante des Prés, 385
Fondante de la Roche, 385
Fondante de Rome ou Sucré Romain, 385
Fondante de Saint-Amand, 385
_Fondante de Schönert_ (syn. of Schönerts Omsewitzer Schmalzbirne), 542
Fondante-de-Septembre, 385
Fondante Sickler, 386
Fondante de Thines, 386
Fondante Thirriot, 386
Fondante Van Mons, 386
Fondante de Wollmet, 386
Fontaine de Ghélin, orig. of Général Totleben, 395
Fontarabie, 386
Fontenay, 165
Foote, Asahel, orig. of Fall Beurré d'Arenburg, 380; Foote Seckel, 386; Homestead, 420; Hoosic, 420; Weeping Willow, 576
Foote Seckel, 386
Ford, 386
Forelle, 167
_Forellenbirne_ (syn. of Forelle), 167
Forme de Bergamotte Crassane, 387
Forme de Curtet, 387
Forme de Délices, 387
Fortune, 387
Fortunée, 387; parent of Bergamotte Hertrich, 272; Fortunée Boisselot, 387; Fortunée supérieure, 387; Olivier de Serres, 200
Fortunée Boisselot, 387
_Fortunée de Printemps_ (syn. of Fortunée), 387
Fortunée supérieure, 387
Foster, Suel, orig. of Snow, 547
Fouqueray, orig. of Beurré Fouqueray, 295
Fourcine, W., orig. of Comtesse de Paris, 347
Fourcroy, 387
Fouron, 387
Fowler, Dr., orig. of Muscadine, 476
Fox, 168
Fox, Bernard S., biography of, 168; orig. of Colonel Wilder, 144; Fox, 168; P. Barry, 203
Franc-Réal, 388
_Franc Réal d'Hiver_ (syn. of Franc-Réal), 388
France, pear in, 12; rapid increase in pear varieties in, 15
Frances, 388
Franchimont, 388
Franchipanne, 388
Francis, 388
Francis Dana, 388
François Hutin, 388
_Frangipane_ (syn. of Franchipanne), 388
Frangipane d'Hiver, 388
Frankenbirne, 389
Frankfurter Birne, 389
_Französische Gute Graue Sommerbirne_ (syn. of Grise-Bonne), 403
_Französische Zapfenbirne_ (syn. of Brute Bonne), 321
Frau Louise Goethe, 389
Frederic Leclerc, 389
Frédéric de Wurtemberg, 389
Frederica Bremer, 389
Frederick Clapp, 169
Fremion, 390
French, connection of the, with history of pear in America, 46
French pear stocks, notes on, 95
Frensdorff Rothe Flaschenbirne, 390
Frühe Backhausbirne, 390
Frühe Schweizer Bergamotte, 390
Fruit characters of pomes, 63
Fruit setting of pears, discussion of, 99
Fuller, 390
Fullero, 390
Fulton, 390; parent of Tudor, 567
Fulton, orig. of Fulton, 390
_Fumago vagans_, cause of black mold of pear, 117
Fusée d'Automne, 390
Fusée d'Hiver, 391
Gabourell Seedling, 391
Gakovsky, 391
Gallo, mention of pears by, 12
Galopin, orig. of Chaudfontaine, 335
Galston Muirfowl Egg, 391
Gambier, orig. of Beurré Gambier, 295; Fondante d'Ingendal, 384; Marie Louise d'Uccle, 464
Gans, 391
Gans, Joseph, discoverer of Gans, 391
Gänsekopf, 391
Gansel, Lieutenant-General, orig. of Gansel Bergamot, 391
Gansel Bergamot, 391; parent of Gansel Seckel, 170
Gansel Late Bergamot, 391; parent of Doctor Hogg Bergamot, 363
Gansel Seckel, 170
_Gansel-Seckle_ (syn. of Gansel Seckel), 170
Garber, 171; place of, in commercial pear culture, 84
Garber, J. B., orig. of Garber, 171
_Garber's Hybrid_ (syn. of Garber), 171
Garden, pomological, of Robert Manning, 53
Garden, T. J., introd. of Cole Winter, 341
_Garden Pear_ (syn. of Poirer de Jardin), 505
Garnier, 392
Garnier, orig. of Garnier, 392; Maria de Nantes, 463
Garnons, 392
Gassenbirne, 392
Gaston du Puys, 392
Gaudry, 392
Gaujard, orig. of Mademoiselle Marguerite Gaujard, 460
Géant, 392
Gefleckte Pomeranzenbirne, 392
Gefleckte Sommerrusselet, 392
Gefundene, 392
Geigenschnabel, 392
Geishirtle, 392
_Gelbe Frühbirne_ (syn. of Jaune Hâtive), 428
Gelbe frühe Sommerapothekerbirne, 392
Gelbe Fürsten-Tafelbirne, 393
Gelbe Heckenbirne, 393
Gelbe Holzbirne, 393
Gelbe Landlbirne, 393
Gelbe langstielige Alantbirne, 393
Gelbe Laurentiusbirne, 393
Gelbe Leutsbirne, 393
Gelbe Scheibelbirne, 393
_Gelbe Sommerrusselet_ (syn. of Rousselet Jaune d'Été), 529
Gelbe Wasserbirne, 393
Gelbmostler, 394
_Gellert's Butterbirne_ (syn. of Beurré Hardy), 135
Gemeine Kochbirne, 394
Gemeine Pfundbirne, 394
Gendron, orig. of Beurré Gendron, 295
Général de Bonchamp, 394
Général Bosquet, 394
Général Canrobert, 394
Général Delage, 394
Général Dutilleul, 394
Général Duvivier, 395
General Kearney, 395
General Lamoricière, 395
General Sherman, 395
General Taylor, 395
Général Thouvenin, 395
Général Totleben, 395
General Wauchope, 395
Gensbirne, 395
George Augustus, 396
Georges Delebecque, 396
Gerando, 396
Gerarde, mention of pears by, 32
Gérardine, 396
Gerdessen, 396
Gerdessen, Pastor, orig. of Gerdessen, 396
_Gergonell_(syn. of Jargonelle), 177
Gerippte Pomeranzenbirne, 396
_German Muscat_ (syn. of Deutsche Muskateller), 358
Germany, pomological literature of, 20
Gernröder Pomeranzenbirne, 396
Gestreiffe Winter-Apothekerbirne, 396
Ghélin, Fontaine de, orig. of Beurré de Ghélin, 296
Ghellinck de Walle, 396
Ghellinck de Walle, orig. of Ghellinck de Walle, 396
Gibb, 396
Gibb, introd. of Russian pears by, 56
Gibey-Lorne, orig. of Monseigneur des Hons, 474
_Giffard_ (syn. of Beurré Giffard), 134
_Giffard's Butterbirne_ (syn. of Beurré Giffard), 134
Gilain, 397
Gilles ô Gilles, 397
Giram, 397
Girandoux, orig. of Girardon, 397
Girardon, 397
_Girogile_ (syn. of Gilles ô Gilles), 397
Glace d'hiver, 397
Glastonbury, 397
Gleck, 398
Gliva, 398
Gloire de Cambron, 398
Glou Morceau, 172; confusion with Beurre d'Arenberg, 129; parent of Bergamotte de Toumai, 277; Beurré Ad. Papeleu, 283; Souvenir Favre, 550; Winter Williams, 584
_Glout Morceau_ (syn. of Glou Morceau), 172
_Gloux Morceau_ (syn. of Glou Morceau), 172
Gloward, 398
Gnoico, 398
Goat-herd, 398
_Goemans Gelbe Sommerbirne_ (syn. of Passe-Goemans), 491
Gogal, 398
Gold Dust, 399
Gold Nugget, 399
Goldbirne, 399
Goldbordirte Holzbirne, 399
Golden Bell, 399
Golden Beurré of Bilboa, 398
Golden June, 399
Golden Knap, 399
Golden Queen, 399
Golden Russet, 399
_Golden Russet_ (syn. of Japan Golden Russet), 428
Goldwörther Lederbirne, 399
Gönnersche Birne, 399
Goodale, 400
Goodale, E., orig. of Goodale, 400
Goodrich, Chauncey, orig. of Paddock, 489
Gore, Gov., orig. of Heathcot, 413
Got, 400
Goubault, Maurice, orig. of varieties, 138, 274, 279, 281, 293, 296, 304, 310, 367, 465, 471
Governor Carver, 400
Grabel, Jacob, orig. of Posey, 506
Grabenbirne, 400
Grading of pears, 108
Graf Moltke, 400
Grafting pears, 106
Graham, F. J., orig. of Autumn Nelis, 256
_Graham Autumn Nelis_ (syn. of Autumn Nelis), 256
Grand Bretagne, 400
Grand Isle, 400
_Grand Monarque_ (syn. of Catallac), 330
Grand-Soliel, 400
Grant, 401
Graslin, 401
Grasshoff Leckerbissen, 401
Gratiola, 401
_Graue Flaschenbirne_ (syn. of Calbasbirn), 324
Graue Herbstrusselet, 401
Graue Holzbirne, 401
Graue Honigbirn, 401
Graue Pelzbirne, 401
Graue Speckbirne, 401
Graue Zuckerbirne, 402
Grazbirne, 402
Great Cassolette, 402
Great Citron of Bohemia, 402
Great Mammoth, 402
Greece, ancient, pear in, 3
Greeks, monographs on husbandry by, 7
Green, Charles A., introd. into America of Président Drouard, 210
Green Chisel, 402
Green Mountain Boy, 402
Green Pear of Yair, 402
_Green Yair_ (syn. of Green Pear of Yair), 402
Gregoire, Xavier, orig. of varieties, 238, 239, 249, 255, 257, 259, 273, 302, 303, 304, 338, 342, 345, 362, 396, 397, 414, 415, 425, 429, 432, 440, 445, 446, 451, 457, 458, 467, 473, 474, 483, 507, 510, 511, 512, 514, 529, 531, 547, 548, 549, 550, 551, 572, 573, 587; work as pear breeder, 19
Grégoire Bordillon, 403
Grey Good-Wife, 403
Gris, M. le, orig. of Doyenné de la Grifferaye, 367
Grise-Bonne, 403
Grolez-Duriez, orig. of Belle-Moulinoise, 265; Fondante de Moulins-Lille, 385
Groom, introd. of Groom Prince Royal, 403
Groom Prince Royal, 403
Gros Blanquet Long, 403
Gros Blanquet Rond, 403
Gros-Hativeau, 404
Gros Loijart, 404
Gros Lucas, 404
Gros Muscat Rond, 404
Gros Rousselet, 404
Gros Rousselet d'Aout, 405
Gros Trouvé, 405
_Grosse Angleterre de Noisette_ (syn. of Grosse Poire d'Amande), 406
Grosse Eisbirne, 405
Grosse Figue, 405
Grosse gelbe Weinbirne, 405
Grosse-Herbst-Bergamotte, 405
Grosse Landlbirne, 405
Grosse Leutsbirne, 405
Grosse-Louise, 405
Grosse Mostputzer, 405
Grosse Petersbirne, 406
Grosse Poire d'Amande, 406
Grosse Poire de Vitrier, 406
Grosse Queue, 406
Grosse Rommelter, 406
Grosse schöne Jungfernbirne, 406
Grosse September Birne, 406
Grosse Sommer-Zitronenbirne, 407
Grosse Sommersirene, 406
Grosse späte Weinbirne, 407
_Grosse Verte-Longue Précoce de la Sarthe_ (syn. of Verte-Longue de la Sarthe), 571
Grosser Roland, 407
Grousset, orig. of Enfant Nantais, 376
Groveland, 407
Grubbirne, 407
Grumkow, 407
Grunbirne, 407
Grüne Confesselsbirne, 407
Grüne frühe Gewurzbirne, 407
Grüne fürstliche Tafelbirne, 407
Grüne gesegnete Winterbirne, 408
_Grüne Lange Herbstbirne_ (syn. of Long Green), 449
Grüne langstielige Winterhirtenbirne, 408
_Grüne Magdalene_(syn. of Madeleine), 195
Grüne Pfundbirne, 408
Grüne Pichelbirne, 408
Grüne Sommer-Bergamote, 408
Grüne Sommer-Citronenbirne, 408
_Grüne Sommer-Magdalene_ (syn. of Madeleine), 195
Grüne Wiedenbirne, 408
Grüne Winawitz, 408
Grünmostler, 408
_Guenette_ (syn. of Green Chisel), 402
Gueniot, orig. of Le Brun, 443
Guéraud, orig. of Adèle de Saint-Denis, 237
Guillot, orig. of Bon-Chrétien Bonnamour, 313
Gulabi, 409
Guntershauser Holzbirne, 409
Gustave Bivort, 409
Gustave Bourgogne, 409
Gustin Summer, 409
_Gute Graue_ (syn. of Yat), 586
Gute Grüne, 409
_Gute Louise von Avranches_(syn. of Louise Bonne de Jersey), 193
Guyot, 173
Habichtsbirne, 409
Habit of growth of pear-trees, 59
Habitat of _Pyrus auricularis_, 73; _Pyrus betulaefolia_, 79; _Pyrus calleryana_, 80; _Pyrus communis_, 70; _Pyrus nivalis_, 72; _Pyrus serotina_, 75; _Pyrus serotina culta_, 76; _Pyrus serrulata_, 78; _Pyrus ussuriensis_, 77
Hacon Incomparable, 409; parent of Hoosic, 420
Haddington, 409
Haffner Bros., orig. of Haffner Butterbirne, 410
Haffner Butterbirne, 410
Hagar, 410
_Hagerman_ (syn. of Hegeman), 414
Haight, 410
Hallische gelbe Honigbirne, 410
Hamburg, 410
Hamburger Birne, 410
Hamilton, 410
Hammelsbirne, 410
Hamon, 410
Hampden Bergamot, 410
Hampton, W. C., orig. of Hampton Bergamot, 411; Hampton Cluster, 411
Hampton Bergamot, 411
Hampton Cluster, 411
Hampton Virgalieu, 411
Hancock, 411
Hancock, Thomas, orig. of Tatnall Harvest, 559
Hangelbirne, 411
Hannover'sche Jakobsbirne, 411
Hannover'sche Margarethenbirne, 411
Hanover, 411
Hansen, N. E., orig. of Pushkin, 515; Tolstoy, 564
Hardenpont, Abbé, efforts in breeding pears by, 16; orig. of varieties, 172, 206, 304, 356, 385
Hardenpont frühe Colmar, 411
_Hardenpont's Winter Butterbirne_ (syn. of Glou Morceau), 172
_Hardy_ (syn. of Beurré Hardy), 135
Harigelsbirne, 412
Harnard, 412
Harnard, John, orig. of Harnard, 412
Harris (Georgia), 412
Harris (Massachusetts), 412
Harrison Large Fall, 412
Hartberger Mostbirne, 412
Harte Neapolitanerin, 412
Hartwiss, M. De, orig. of Beurré Woronson, 308
Harvard, 412
Harvest, 412
Harvesting pears, 106
Harvey, Eli, owner of original tree of Brandywine, 140
Hassler, 413
Hassler, J. E., orig. of A. J. Cook, 236; Hassler, 413
Hastings, J. C., introd. of Frederica Bremer, 389
Hausemerbirne, 413
Hautmonté, 413
Hawaii, 413
Hawes Winter, 413
Hawkesbill, 413
Hays, 413
Heat resistant pears, 86
Heathcot, 413
Hebe, 413
_Hebron_ (syn. of Pinneo), 499
Hedwig von der Osten, 413
_Hedwige d'Osten_ (syn. of Hedwig von der Osten), 413
Hegeman, 414
Hegeman, Andrew, orig. of Hegeman, 414
Heilige Angelika-Birne, 414
Hélène Grégoire, 414
Hélin, Dr., orig. of Beurré Caty, 290
Hellinckx, orig. of Colmar d'Alost, 341
Hellmann, orig. of Melon de Hellmann, 470
Hellmann, Melonenbirn, 414
Hemminway, 414
Henkel, 414
_Henkel d'Automne_ (syn. of Henkel), 414
Henrard, Denis, orig. of Beurré Fenzl, 294; Bon-Chrétien de Vernois, 315
Henri Bivort, 414
Henri Bouet, 415
Henri de Bourbon, 415
Henri Capron, 415
Henri Decaisne, 415
Henri Desportes, 415
Henri Grégoire, 415
Henri Ledocte, 415
Henri Quatre, 415
_Henri Van Mons_ (syn. of Fleur de Neige), 382
Henrietta, 416
Henriette, 416
Henriette Van Cauwenberghe, 416
Henry, Henry C., orig. of Henry (Illinois), 416
Henry (Connecticut), 416
Henry (Illinois), 416
_Henry the Fourth_ (syn. of Henri Quatre), 415
Hérault, A., orig. of Bergamotte Hérault, 272; Fin Juillet, 382; Joyau de Septembre, 432
Herbelin, 416
Herbin, 416
Herborner Schmalzbirne, 416
Herbst-Citronenbirne, 417
Herbst-Klöppelbirne, 417
_Herbstbirne ohne Schale_ (syn. of Lansac), 443
Herbsteierbirne, 417
Herbstlanger, 417
_Herbstsylvester_ (syn. of Frédéric de Wurtemberg), 389
Héricart, 417
Héricart de Thury, 417
Herkimer, 417
Herr, A. G., orig. of Herr Late Winter, 417
Herr Late Winter, 417
Hert, 417
Hertrich, orig. of Bergamotte Hertrich, 272
Hervy, Michel-Christophe, orig. of Chaptal, 333
_Herzogin von Angoulême_ (syn. of Duchesse d'Angoulême), 154
Hessenbirne, 418
Hessle, 418
Hewes, 418
Heyer Zuckerbirne, 418
Hicks, Isaac, orig. of Durée, 374
Higginson, mention of pears by, 45
Hilda, 418
Hildegard, 418
Hildesheimer Bergamotte, 418
Hildesheimer späte Sommerbirne, 418
Hildesheimer Winterbirn, 418
Hingham, 419
Hirschbirne, 419
Hirsenbirne, 419
History of pear, long lapse in, 11
Hitzendorfer Mostbirne, 419
_Hochfeine Butterbirne_ (syn. of Beurré Superfin), 137
Hoe Langer Hoe Liever, 419
Hofsta, 419
Holland Green, 419
Holländische Butterbirne, 419
Holländische Gewürzbirne, 419
Holländische Zuckerbirne, 419
Holmer, 420
Holt, L. W., orig. of Effie Holt, 375
_Holzfarbige Butterbirne_ (syn. of Flemish Beauty), 163
Home ripening of pears, 109
Homer, mention of pear by, 4
Homestead, 420
Honey, 420
Honey (Russia), 420
Honey Dew, 420
Honigbergamotte, 420
Honnelbirne, 420
Hood, George, orig. of Lycurgus, 454
Hoosic, 420
Hopedale Nurs. Co., introd. of Weihmier Sugar, 576
Hopfenbirne, 421
Hosenschenk, 421
Houdin, orig. of Belle des Arbrés, 262
Houghlin, Joe, orig. of Golden June, 399
Housatonic, 421
Houser, 421
Hovey, 421
Howard, 421
Howe, Dr. John P., orig. of Doctor Howe, 363
Howe, John J., orig. of Housatonic, 421
Howe Winter, 421
Howell, 174; place in commercial pear culture, 84
Howell, Thomas, orig. of Howell, 175
_Howell's Seedling_ (syn. of Howell), 174
Hubert Grégoire, 421
Hudellet, Jules, orig. of Doyenné Hudellet, 368
Huffcap, 421
Hüffel Bratbirne, 421
Huggard, 421
Huguenot, 422
Huhle de Printemps, 422
Hull, 422
Hungerford Oswego, 422
Hunt Connecticut, 422
Huntington, 422
Hurbain d'Hiver, 422
Hussein Armudi, 422
Hutcherson, 422
Huyshe, Rev. John, orig. of "Royal Pears," 423
_Huyshe Bergamot_ (syn. of Huyshe Prince of Wales), 423
Huyshe Prince Consort, 423
Huyshe Prince of Wales, 423
Huyshe Princess of Wales, 423
Huyshe Victoria, 423
Hyacinthe du Puis, 423
Ickworth, 423
Ida, 423
Idaho, 175
Ilinka, 424
Impériale à Feuilles de Chêne, 424
Incommunicable, 424
Incomparable de Beuraing, 424
Inconstant, 424
Indian Queen, 424
Infortunée, 424
Ingénieur Wolters, 424
Ingram, Thomas, orig. of British Queen, 320
Innominée, 424
Insects affecting pear, 117
International, 425
Iris Grégoire, 425
_Iron Pear_ (syn. of Black Worcester), 310
Isabella, 425
Isabelle de Malèves, 425
Island, 425
Italienische Winterbergamotte, 425
Ives, 425
Ives, Dr. Eli, orig. of Dow, 365; Ives, 425; Ives August, 425; New Haven, 481
Ives August, 425
Ives Bergamotte, 426
Ives Seedling, 426
Ives Virgalieu, 426
Ives Winter, 426
Ives Yale, 426
Jablousky, 426
Jackson, 426
Jackson, S. S., orig. of Jackson Elizabeth, 426
Jackson Elizabeth, 426
Jacqmain, 426
Jacques Chamaret, 426
Jacques Mollet, 427
Jakobsbirne, 427
Jalais, Jacques, orig. of Beurré du Champ Corbin, 290; Beurré Jalais, 298; Bonne de Jalais, 316; Chaigneau, 332; Duchesse Anne, 371
Jalousie, 427
_Jalousie de Fontenay_ (syn. of Fontenay), 166
_Jalousie de Fontenay Vendée_ (syn. of Fontenay), 165
Jalousie de la Réole, 427
Jalousie Tardive, 427
Jalvy, 427
Jamin & Durand, origs. of Doyenné Jamin, 368
Jaminette, 427
Jansemine, 427
Japan, 428
Japan Golden Russet, 428
Japan Wonder, 428
Japanese Pear. (See _Pyrus serotina_)
Japanese Sand, 428
Jargonelle, 177; ancient names of, 177
Jargonelle (French), 178; parent of Henri Bouet, 415
Jargonelle d'Automne, 428
Jaune Hâtive, 428
Jaune de Merveillon, 428
Jean Baptist, 428
Jean-Baptiste Bivort, 428
Jean-Baptiste Dediest, 429
Jean Cottineau, 429
Jean Laurent, 429
Jean Sano, 429
Jean de Witte, 429
Jeanne, 429
Jeanne d'Arc, 429
Jefferson, 429
Jersey Gratioli, 430
Jerusalem, 430
Jeschil Armudi, 430
Jewel, 430
Jewess, 430
Joanon, orig. of Favorite Joanon, 380; Professeur Willermoz, 514; Sainte Anne, 538
John Cotton, 430
John Griffith, 430
John Monteith, 430
John Williams, 430
Johonnot, 431
Johonnot, G. S., orig. of Huguenot, 422; Johonnot, 431; Naumkeag, 480
Joie du Semeur, 431
Jolie Lille de Gust, 431
Joly de Bonneau, 431
Jonah, 431; parent of Howell, 175
Jones, 431
Joseph Lebeau, 431
Joseph Staquet, 431
Joséphine de Binche, 431
Joséphine de Malines, 179; parent of Autumn Joséphine, 256; Georges Delebecque, 396; Joie du Semeur, 431
Joséphine de Maubrai, 431
_Joséphine von Mecheln_ (syn. of Joséphine de Malines), 179
Josephsbirne, 432
Josselyn, mention of pears by, 45
Joyau de Septembre, 432; parent of Fin Juillet, 382
Judge Andrews, 432
Jules d'Airoles (Grégoire), 432
Jules d'Airolles (Leclerc), 432
_Jules Bivort_ (syn. of Délices de Lovenjoul), 356
Jules Blaise, 432
Jules Delloy, 432
_Juli Dechantsbirne_ (syn. of Summer Doyenné), 221
Julie Duquet, 432
Julienne, 432
Juneberry, relationship of, to pear, 57
Juvardeil, 432
Kaestner, 433
Kalchbirne, 433
Kalmerbirne, 433
Kamper-Venus, 433
Kathelenbirne, 433
Katy, 433
_Keiffer_ (syn. of Kieffer), 180
Keiser, 433
Kelsey, 434
Kelsey, William, orig. of Kelsey, 434
Kennedy, 434
Kenrick, William, introd. into America of Beurré Bosc, 131; Doyenné Boussock, 152
Kentucky, 434
Kenyon, 434
Kermes, 434
Kessler, Charles, introd. of Reading, 517
Kieffer, 180; parent of Cassel, 329; Douglas, 150; Eureka, 379; Theodore Williams, 561
Kieffer, Peter, orig. of Kieffer, 181
Kieffer and Bartlett leading commercial pears, 84
_Kieffer's Hybrid_ (syn. of Kieffer), 180
Kilwinning, 434
King, 434
_King Catherine_ (syn. of Catherine Royal), 330
King Edward, 434
King Seedling, 434
King Sobieski, 435
Kingsessing, 182
Kirtland, 435
Kirtland, Prof., orig. of Kirtland, 435
Klein Landlbirne, 435
Kleine Fuchselbirne, 435
Kleine gelbe Bratbirne, 435
Kleine gelbe Hessenbirne, 435
Kleine gelbe Maukelbirne, 435
Kleine gelbe Sommer-Zuckerbirne, 435
Kleine gelbe Sommermuskatellerbirne, 435
Kleine grüne Backbirne, 435
Kleine Lange Sommer-Muskatellerbirne, 436
Kleine Leutsbirne, 436
_Kleine Petersbirne_ (syn. of Petersbirne), 495
Kleine Pfalzgrafin, 436
Kleine Pfundbirne, 436
Kleine runde Haferbirne, 436
Kleine schlesische Zimmbirne, 436
_Kleine Schmalzbirne_ (syn. of Petite Fondante), 497
Kleine Sommer-Zuckerratenbirne, 436
Kleine Zwiebelbirne, 437
_Kleiner Katzenkopf_ (syn. of Petit Catallac, 496)
Kloppelbirne, 437
Knabenbirne, 437
Knausbirne, 437
Knechtchensbirne, 437
Knight, 437
Knight, Thomas Andrew, orig. of varieties, 289, 320, 351, 365, 373, 380, 423, 462, 473, 474, 484, 494, 524, 527, 546, 563
Knight, William, orig. of Knight, 437
_Knight Monarch_ (syn. of Monarch), 474
Knollbirne, 437
Knoop, Herman, orig. of Calebasse, 324
Knoop, Misses, orig. of Des Deux Soeurs, 358
Knoops Simmtbirne, 437
Kolmasbirne, 438
Kolstuck, 438
König Karl von Württemberg, 438
Königliche Weissbirne, 438
Königsbirne, 438
Konstanzer Langler, 438
Koolstock, 438
Koonce, 183
_Kopertscher_ (syn. of Suprême Coloma), 557
_Köstliche Van Mons_ (syn. of De Duvergnies), 354
Kraft Sommer Bergamotte, 438
Krauelbirne, 438
_Kreiselförmige Blankette_ (syn. of Gros Blanquet Long), 403
Kreiselförmige Flegelbirne, 438
Kriegebirne, 439
Krivonogof, 439
Krockhals, 439
_Kröten Bergamotte_ (syn. of Bergamotte Bufo), 270
Krull, 439
Krull, orig. of Krull, 439
_Krull Winter_ (syn. of Krull), 439
Krummgestielte Feigenbirne, 439
_Krummholzige Schmalzbirne_ (syn. of Arbre Courbé), 251
Kuhfuss, 439
_Kümmelbirne_ (syn. of Besi d'Héry), 280
Kurskaya, 439
L'Inconnue Van Mons, 439
L'Inconstante, 439
La Béarnaise, 440
_La Bonne Malinoise_ (syn. of Winter Nelis), 232
La Cité Gomand, 440
La France, 440
_La Grosse Oignonette_ (syn. of Onion), 486
La Moulinoise, 440
La Quintinye, 440
La Savoureuse, 440
La Solsticiale, 440
La Vanstalle, 440
Lachambre, Octave, orig. of Octave Lachambre, 484
Lacroix, 441
_Lady_ (syn. of Vigne), 572
Lady Clapp, 441
Lafayette, 441
Lagrange, orig. of Sénateur Vaisse, 544
Lahérard, 441
_Lamartine_ (syn. of De Lamartine), 355
Lammas, 441
Lämmerbirne, 441
Lampe, orig. of Belle de Juillet, 265
Lamy, 184
Lancaster, 441
Lancaster, T. S., orig. of Lancaster, 441
Landsberger Malvasier, 441
Langbirne, 441
Lange gelbe Bischofsbirne, 442
Lange Gelbe Muscatellerbirne, 442
_Lange grüne Herbstbirne_ (syn. of Long Green of Autumn), 449
Lange grüne Winterbirne, 442
Lange Mundnetzbirne, 442
Lange Sommer-Bergamotte, 442
Lange Wasserbirne, 442
Langelier, Réné, orig. of Beurré Langelier, 299
Langstieler, 442
Langstielige Pfaffenbirne, 442
Langstielige Zuckerbirne, 442
Lansac, 443
_Large Blanquet_ (syn. of Gros Blanquet Long), 403
Large Duchess, 443
Larissa, 443
Laure Gilbert, 443
Laure de Glymes, 443
Lawrence, 185; place of, in New York pear culture, 85
Lawson, 186
Lawson, owner of original tree of, 186
Laxton, orig. of Laxton Bergamot, 443
Laxton, Bergamot, 443
Le Breton, 443
Le Brun, 443
Le Congo, 444
Le Conte, 187; parent of Big Productive, 309; Conkleton, 348
_Le Curé_ (syn. of Vicar of Winkfield), 227
Le Lecher, 444
Le Lectier, 188
Le Lectier, improvement of pears by, 14
Leaf-blight of pear, notes on, 115
Leaf-buds of pear, characteristics of, 61
Leaf-spot of pear, notes on, 115
Leaves of pear, characteristics of, 61
Leclerc, Léon, orig. of varieties, 190, 244, 247, 318, 426, 432, 510
Leclerc-Thouin, 444
Lederbirne, 444
Lederbogen, orig. of Beurré de Lederbogen, 299
Lee, 444
Lee Seckel, 444
Leech, Isaac, owner of original tree of Kingsessing, 182
Lefèvre, orig. of Beurré de Mortefontaine, 301
Lefèvre-Boitelle, orig. of Beurré Pauline Delzent, 303
Léger, 444
Lehoferbirne, 444
_Leipsic Radish_ (syn. of Leipziger Rettigbirn), 444
Leipziger Rettigbirn, 444
Lemon (Massachusetts), 445
Lemon (Russia), 445
Lenawee, 445
Leochine de Printemps, 445
Léon Dejardin, 445
Léon Grégoire, 445
Léon Leclerc (Van Mons), 189; parent of Rutter, 214
Léon Leclerc Épineux, 445
Lèon Leclerc de Laval, 446
Lèon Recq, 446
Léon Rey, 446
Léonce de Vaubernier, 446
Léonie, 446
Léonie Bouvier, 446
Léonie Pinchart, 446
Léontine Van Exem, 446
Leopold I., 446
Leopold Riche, 447
Lepine, 447
_Leptothyrium pomi_, cause of brown-blotch of pear, 116
Leroy, André, discussion of increase in pear varieties by, 15; introd. of varieties, 258, 260, 262; orig. of varieties, 122, 123, 157, 238, 240, 242, 299, 300, 304, 315, 325, 349, 354, 362, 372, 379, 381, 403, 415, 421, 447, 450, 451, 455, 456, 458, 459, 466, 468, 472, 479, 486, 495, 497, 499, 501, 506, 508, 515, 521, 523, 528, 539, 562, 582
Lesbre, 447
Lesèble, Narcisse, orig. of Bergamotte Lesèble, 273
Lesuer, A., orig. of Le Lecher, 444; Le Lectier, 188
Levard, 447
Levester Zuckerbirne, 447
Lewes, 447
Lewis, 447
Lewis, John, orig. of Lewis, 447
Lexington, 447
Liabaud, orig. of Alexandre Chomer, 241; Bergamotte Liabaud, 274
Liard, orig. of Napoleon, 479
Liberale, 448
Libotton, orig. of Crassane Libotton, 350
Liegel Honigbirne, 448
Lieutenant Poidevin, 448
_Limbertwig_ (syn. of Tonkovietka), 564
Limon, 448
Lincoln, 190
Lincoln Coreless, 192
Linzer Mostbirne, 448
_Little Blanquet_ (syn. of Petit-Blanquet), 495
_Little Muscat_ (syn. of Petit-Muscat), 496
Livingston, Judge, orig. of Nonpareil, 482
Livingston Virgalieu, 448
_Livre_ (syn. of Black Worcester), 310
Locations and soils for pears, 91
Locke, 448
Locke, James, orig. of Locke, 448
Lodge, 448
Loire, orig. of Loire-de-Mons, 449
Loire-de-Mons, 449
Loisel, orig. of Beurré Loisel, 300
London Sugar, 449
Long Green, 449
Long Green of Autumn, 449
Long Green of Esperin, 449
_Long Green Panache_ (syn. of Verte-longue panachée), 571
Longland, 449
Longue du Bosquet, 450
Longue-garde, 450
Longue-Sucrée, 450
_Longue-Verte_ (syn. of Long Green), 449
_Longue Verte d'Hiver_ (syn. of Lange Grüne Winterbirne), 442; (Sächsische Lange Grüne Winterbirne), 534
Longueville, 450
Longworth, 450
Loose, Henry, orig. of Tiffin, 563
Lorenzbirne, 450
Loriol de Barny, 450
Lothrop, 450
Loubiat, 450
Louis Cappe, 451
Louis Grégoire, 451
Louis Noisette, 451
Louis Pasteur, 451
Louis-Philippe, 451
Louis Van Houte, 451
Louis Vilmorin, 451
_Louise_ (syn. of Louise Bonne de Jersey), 193
Louise-Bonne, 451
Louise Bonne d'Avanches Panachée, 452
Louise Bonne de Jersey, 193; parent of Du Breuil Père, 370; Magnate, 460; Princess, 512; Professeur Dubreuil, 514; Souvenir de du Breuil Père, 549
_Louise Bonne of Jersey_ (Syn. of Louise Bonne de Jersey), 193
Louise-Bonne de Printemps, 452; parent of Baron Leroy, 259
Louise Bonne Sannier, 452; parent of Boieldien, 312
Louise de Boulogne, 452
Louise Dupont, 452
Louise d'Orléans, 452
Louise de Prusse, 452
Louison, 453
Lovaux, 453
Lovell, W. G. L., orig. of Glastonbury, 397
Lowell, John, introd. into America of Forelle, 167; Marie Louise, 198; Winter Nelis, 233
Lübecker Prinzessin Birne, 453
Lubin, 453
Lucie Audusson, 453
Lucien Chauré, 453
Lucien Leclercq, 453
Lucné Hative, 454
_Lucrative_ (syn. of Belle Lucrative), 126
Lucy Duke, 194
Lucy Grieve, 454
Luizet, orig. of Prémices d'Écully, 508
Luola, 454
Lutovka, 454
Lutzbirne, 454
Luxemburger Mostbirne, 454
Lycurgus, 454
Lydie Thiérard, 454
Lyerle, 454
Lyerle, orig. of Lyerle, 454
Lyon, 454
Mace, 455
Machländer Mostbirne, 455
Mackleroy, 455
Mackleroy, Davis, orig. of Mackleroy, 455
McLaughlin, 455; parent of Goodale, 400
McLaughlin, Henry, orig. of Eastern Belle, 374; Indian Queen, 424
_McLellan_ (syn. of Whieldon), 579
Macomber, 455
Macomber, Benjamin, orig. of Grand Isle, 400; Refreshing, 518; prop. of Vermont Beauty, 226
Macomber, J. T., orig. of Macomber, 455
McVean, 455
_Madame_ (syn. of Windsor), 583
_Madame Adélaïde de Rêves_ (syn. of Adélaïde de Rèves), 237
Madame Alfred Conin, 455
Madame André Leroy, 455
Madame Antoine Lormier, 455
Madame Appert, 456
Madame Arsène Sannier, 456
Madame Ballet, 456
Madame Baptiste Desportes, 456
Madame Blanchet, 456
Madame Bonnefond, 456
Madame Charles Gilbert, 456
Madame Chaudy, 456
Madame Cuissard, 456
Madame Delmotte, 457
Madame Ducar, 457
Madame Duparc, 457
Madame Durieux, 457
Madame Élisa, 457
Madame Élisa Dumas, 457
Madame Ernest Baltet, 458
Madame Favre, 458
Madame Flon, 458
Madame Grégoire, 458
_Madame Hemminway_ (syn. of Hemminway), 414
Madame Henri Desportes, 458
Madame Loriol de Barny, 458
Madame Lyé-Baltet, 458
Madame de Madre, 458
Madame Millet, 459
Madame Morel, 459
Madame Planchon, 459
Madame Du Puis, 459
Madame de Roucourt, 459
Madame Stoff, 459
Madame Torfs, 459
Madame Treyve, 459
Madame Vazille, 459
Madame Verté, 460
Madame Von Siebold, 460
Madeleine, 195; parent of Eliot Early, 375
Madeleine d'Angers, 460
Mademoiselle Blanche Sannier, 460
Mademoiselle Marguerite Gaujard, 460
Mademoiselle Solange, 460
Magherman, 460
Magnate, 460
Magnolia, 461
Maine-et-Loire, Horticultural Society of, orig. of Plantagenet, 500
Maisonneuve, François, orig. of Beurré Favre, 294
Malassis, Abbé, orig. of Doyenné d'Alençon, 151
Malconnaître d'Haspin, 461
_Malines_ (syn. of Joséphine de Malines), 179
Malus, relationship to pear, 58
Malvoisie de Landsberg, 461
Manchester, 461
Mandelblättrige Schneebirne, 461
Manning, 461
Manning, Robert, biography of, 162; introd. into America of varieties, 131, 162; orig. of varieties, 264; pomological garden of, 53
_Manning's Elizabeth_ (syn. of Elizabeth), 161
Mannington, John, orig. of Caroline Hogg, 328; Maud Hogg, 468; Meresia Nevill, 470
Mannsbirne, 461
Mansfield, 461
Mansuette, 461
Mansuette Double, 462
Mapes, Prof., orig. of Quinn, 516
Marasquine, 462
March Bergamot, 462
Maréchal de Cour, 462
Maréchal Dillen, 462
Maréchal Pelissier, 462
Maréchal Vaillant, 462
Margaret, 196
Margarethenbirne, 463
_Marguerite-Acidule_ (syn. of Säuerliche Margarethenbirne), 541
Marguerite d'Anjou, 463
Marguerite Chevalier, 463
Marguerite Marillat, 463
Maria, 463
Maria de Nantes, 463
Maria Stuart, 463
Marianne de Nancy, 463
Marie Benoist, 463
Marie Guisse, 464
Marie Henriette, 464
Marie Jallais, 464
Marie Louise, 197; parent of British Queen, 320; Marie Louise d'Uccle, 464; Pierre Paternotte, 499
_Marie-Louise Delcourt_ (syn. of Marie Louise), 197
Marie Louise Nova, 464
Marie Louise d'Uccle, 464
Marie Mottin, 464
Marie Parent, 464
Marietta, 464
Mariette de Millepieds, 465
Marillat, orig. of Marguerite Marillat, 463
Markbirne, 465
Marketing pears, 106
Markets, local, pears for, 101
Marksbirne, 465
Marmion, 465
_Marmorirte Schmalzbirne_ (syn. of Doyenné d'Alençon), 150
Marquise, 465 Marquise de Bedman, 465
Marsaneix, 465
Marshall, 466
Marshall, William, orig. of Marshall, 466
Marshall Wilder, 466
Martha Ann, 466
Martin, 466
Martin-Sec, 466
Martin-Sire, 466
Marulis, 467
Mary (Case), 467
Mary (Van Mons), 467
_Mary_ (syn. of Margaret), 196
Mas, orig. of varieties, 241
Mascon Colmar, 467
Masselbacher Mostbirne, 467
Masuret, 467
Mather, 467
Mather, John, orig. of Mather, 467
Mathilde, 467
Mathilde Gomand, 467
Mathilde Recq, 467
Mathilde de Rochefort, 467
Matou, 468
Matthews, 468
Maud Hogg, 468
Maude, 468
Maurice Desportes, 468
Maurier, discov. of Duchesse d'Orléans, 156
Maury, Reuben, orig. of Elizabeth Maury, 376
Mausebirne, 468
Max, 469
Mayflower, 468
Maynard, 468
Mayr frühzeitige Butterbirne, 469
Mecham, 469
Medaille d'été, 469
_Medaille d'Or_ (syn. of Frédéric de Wurtemberg), 389
Medicine, pears used for, 10
Medlar, relationship of, to pear, 57
Medofka, 469
Meissner Grossvatersbirne, 469
Meissner Hirschbirne, 469
Meissner langstielige Feigenbirne, 469
Meissner Liebchensbirne, 469
Meissner Zwiebelbirne, 469
Mélanie Michelin, 469
Mellish, 470
Melon, 470
Melon de Hellmann, 470
Ménagère Sucrée de Van Mons, 470
Mendenhall, 470
Merchant, Mrs. Ezra, orig. of Tea, 560
Meresia Nevill, 470
Merlet, 470
Merriam, 470
Merriweather, orig. of Taylor, 560
Méruault, 471
_Merveille d'Hiver_ (syn. of Petit-Oin), 496
Merveille de Moringen, 471
Mespilus, relationship of, to the pear, 57
Messire Jean, 471
Messire Jean Goubault, 471
Meuris, discov. of Beurré Diel, 133
Michaelmas Nelis, 471
Michaux, 471
Mignonne d'été, 471
Mignonne d'Hiver, 472
Mikado, 472
Milan d'hiver, 472
Milan de Rouen, 472
Miller, 472
Miller, Judge S., introd. of Victor, 572
_Miller Victor_ (syn. of Victor), 572
Millet, orig. of Jules Blaise, 432
Millet, Charles, orig. of Madame Millet, 459
Millot de Nancy, 472
Milner, 472
Mima Wilder, 472
Ministre Bara, 473
Ministre Pirmez, 473
Ministre Viger, 473
Minot, orig. of Sebastopol, 543
Minot Jean Marie, 473
Missile d'Hiver, 473
Mission, 473
Mitchell Russet, 473
Mite on pear, 119
Mitschurin, 473
Mitschurin, orig. of Roulef, 527; Vosschanka, 575
Moccas, 473
Mollet, Charles, orig. of Mollet Guernsey Beurré, 473
Mollet Guernsey Beurré, 473
Monarch, 474
Monchallard, 474
Monchallard, discov. of Monchallard, 474
Mongolian, 474
Monseigneur Affre, 474
Monseigneur des Hons, 474
Monseigneur Sibour, 474
Moon, 475
Moorcroft, 475
Moore, Jacob, orig. of Barseck, 260
Moorfowl Egg, 475
Morel, 475
Morel, François, orig. of Favorite Morel, 381; Perrier, 495; Professeur Hortolès, 514; Morgan, 475; Souvenir du Congrès, 218
Morgan, orig. of Morgan, 475
Morley, 475
Morosovskaja, 475
Mortier, M. du, orig. of Beurré Daras, 291
Mortillet, M. de, orig. of Agricola, 239; Bijou, 309; Bon-Chrétien Ricchiero, 314
Moskovka, 475
Mostbirne, 475
Mount Vernon, 199; value of for local market in New York, 101
Moyamensing, 475
Mr. Hill's Pear, 473
Mrs. Seden, 476
Muddy Brook, 476
Muir, Hal, orig. of Muir Everbearing, 476
Muir Everbearing, 476
_Muirfowl Egg_ (syn. of Moorfowl Egg), 475
Mulkey, Mrs., orig. of Idaho, 176
Müller, orig. of König Karl von Württemberg, 438
Mungo Park, 476
Munz Apothekerbirne, 476
Muscadine, 476
Muscat Allemand d'Automne, 476
_Muscat Allemand d'Hiver_ (syn. of Deutsche Muskateller), 358
Muscat Fleuri d'Été, 476
Muscat Robert, 477
Muscat Royal, 477
Muscat Royal de Mayer, 477
Muscat Roye, 477
Muscatelle, 477
Musette d'Anjou, 477
Musette de Nancy, 478
Muskateller-Bergamotte, 478
_Müskierte Pomeranzenbirne_ (syn. of Orange Musquée), 487
Muskingum, 478
_Müskirte Schmeerbirne_ (syn. of Petit-Oin), 496
Muskirte Wintereirbirne, 478
Musquée d'Espéren, 478
Mussette, 478
Mützchensbirne, 478
_Mycosphærella sentina_, cause of pear leaf-spot, 115
Naegelgesbirn, 479
Nain Vert, 479
Napa, 479
Naples, 479
Napoleon, 479; parent of Fondante de Moulins-Lille, 385
_Napoleon I._ (syn. of Napoleon), 479
Napoleon III., 479
_Napoleon Butterbirne_ (syn. of Napoleon), 479
Napoléon Savinien, 479
Naquette, 480
Nassau Ehre, 480
Naudin, 480
Naumkeag, 480
Navez Peintre, 480
Neapolitan, 480
Nec Plus Meuris, 480; parent of General Wauchope, 395
_Nec plus Meuris_ (syn. of Beurré d'Anjou), 127
Nectarine, 480
Negley, 481
Negley, J. S., orig. of Negley, 481
Nelis, Jean Charles, orig. of Joseph Lebeau, 431; Winter Nelis, 233
_Nélis d'Hiver_ (syn. of Winter Nelis), 232
Nérard, orig. of Bergamotte Jars, 273; Beurré Antoine, 284; Colmar de Mars, 343; Hamon, 410; Seringe, 545
Nerbonne, M. de, orig. of Nain Vert, 479
Neuburg, orig. of Bremer Butterbirne, 319
New Bridge, 481
New England, introduction of pear in, 45
New Haven, 481
New Meadow, 481
Newhall, 481
Newtown, 481
Nicholas, 481
Nickerson, 481
Nicolas Eischen, 481
Nicolle, orig. of Bergamotte Nicolle, 274
Niell d'Hiver, 481
Nikitaer grüne Herbst-Apothekerbirne, 482
Niles, 482
Niles, J. M., orig. of Niles, 482
_Nina_ (syn. of Elizabeth), 161
Niochi de Parma, 482
Noir Grain, 482
Noire d'Alagier, 482
Noisette, Louis, introd. of Beurré d'Hiver, 297; Summer Saint Germain, 556; orig. of Bon-Chrétien d'Hiver Panaché, 314; De Rachinquin, 355
Nonpareil, 482
Nordhäuser Winter-Forellenbirne, 482
Norfolk County, 482
Normännische Ciderbirne, 482
_Northford Seckel_ (syn. of Talmadge), 559
Notaire Lepin, 483
Notaire Minot, 483
Nouhes, orig. of Délices de la Cacaudière, 355; Président Parigot, 510; Royale Vendée, 532
Nouveau Doyenne d'Hiver, 483
Nouveau Poiteau, 483
Nouvelle Aglaé, 483
Nouvelle Fulvie, 483
Nussbirne, 483
Nypse, 484
_Oak-Leaved Imperial_ (syn. of Impériale à Feuilles de Chêne), 424
Oakley Park Bergamotte, 484
Occidental pears, description of species of, 69
Ochsenherz, 484
Ockletree, 484
Ockletree, orig. of Ockletree, 484
Ockletree pear tree, 49
Octave Lachambre, 484
Oesterreichische Muskatellerbirne, 484
Oeuf de Woltmann, 484
Ogereau, 484
Ognon, 485
_Ognonet_ (syn. of Archiduc d'Été), 251
Ognonnet, 485
Oignon, 485
Oignonet de Provence, 485
Oken, 485
Oldfield, 485
Olivenbirne, 485
Oliver, G. W., orig. of Oliver Russet, 485
Oliver Russet, 485
Oliver, discov. of Président Drouard, 210
Olivier de Serres, 200; parent of Cavelier de la Salle, 331
_Omer-Pacha_ (syn. of Saint Menin), 537
One-third, 486
Oneida, 486
Onion, 486
Onondaga, 201
Ontario, 202
Orange, 486
Orange-Bergamot, 486
_Orange de Briel _(syn. of Brielsche Pomeranzenbirne), 319
Orange County Nurs. Co., introd. of Wilder Sugar, 580
Orange d'Hiver, 486
Orange Mandarine, 486
Orange Musquée, 487
Orange pear tree, old, 42
Orange Rouge, 487
Orange Tulipée, 487
Orange de Vienne, 487
Orchards, pear, care of, 97; catch crops for, 102
Orchards of mixed varieties of pears, 100
Ordensbirne, 487
Orel 15, 487
Oriental pears, descriptions of species of, 74; influence of, on American pear culture, 55
Orpheline Colmar, 488
_Orpheline d'Enghien_ (syn. of Beurré d'Arenberg), 129
Osband Summer, 488
Osborne, 488
Osborne, John, orig. of Osborne, 488
_Osimaya_ (syn. of Winter), 583
Oswego Beurré, 488
Oswego Incomparable, 488
Ott, 488
Ott, Samuel, orig. of Ott, 488
Owen, 488
Owen, John, orig. of Owen, 488
Owener Birne, 489
Oyster-shell scale on pear, 120
Ozark, 489
P. Barry, 203
Pacific states, introduction of pear-growing in, 53
Paddock, 489
Padres, early growers of pears, 54
Pailleau, 489
Pain-et-Vin, 489
Palmischbirne, 489
Papeleu, Adrien, orig. of Beurré Payen, 303; Navez Peintre, 480
_Paquency_ (syn. of Payenche), 493
Paradiesbirne, 489
Pardee, 489
Pardee, S. D., orig. of Dickerman, 359; Pardee, 489
Parfum d'Aout, 490
Parfum d'Hiver, 490
Parfum de Rose, 490
Parfumé, 490
Parfumée, 490
Parigot, orig. of Appoline, 250; Beurré Bourbon, 288; Comptesse de Chambord, 347; Doyenné Fradin, 367; Eugène des Nouhes, 379
Pariset, orig. of varieties, 239, 249, 279, 292, 307, 329, 344, 453, 471, 490, 536, 543, 544, 562
Parkinson, discussion of pears by, 32
Parkinson's pears known at present, 36
Parmentier, Andrew, introd. of Surpasse Virgalieu, 557; orig. of Bergamotte de Stryker, 277
Parrot, 490
Parry, William, orig. of Cincincis Seedling, 338
Parsonage, 490
Passa-tutti, 490
Passans du Portugal, 491
Passe Colmar, 205; parent of Alexandrine Mas, 241; Félix Sahut, 381; Wilmington, 582; Zéphirin Grégoire, 587
Passe-Colmar des Belges, 491
Passe Colmar d'été, 491
_Passe Colmar François_ (syn. of Jean de Witte), 429
Passe Colmar Musqué, 491
Passe Crassane, 491; parent of Prince Napoléon, 512
Passe-Goemans, 491
Passe Madeleine, 491
Passe-Tardive, 492
Pastor, 492
Pastorale, 492
_Pastorenbirne_ (syn. of Vicar of Winkfield), 227
Pater Noster, 492
Patemotte, Pierre, orig. of Pierre Patemotte, 499
Patten, Charles G., orig. of Seckel Seedling No. 1, 543
Paul Ambre, 492
Paul Bonamy, 492
Paul Coppieters, 492
Paul d'Hoop, 493
Paul Thielens, 493
Pauls Birne, 493
Payen, 493
Payenche, 493
Payne, James, discov. of Seneca, 544
Payton, 493
Payton, orig. of Payton, 493
Peach, 494
Pear, adaptability of the, to soils and locations, 92; black mold of the, 117; brown-blotch of the, 116; codling moth on the, 118; crown-gall on the, 116; descriptive blank of the, opposite 68; fertility of the, 99; history of the, 1; leaf-blight of the, 115; leaf-spots of the, notes on, 115; oyster-shell scale on the, 120; pink-rot of the, 117; San Jose scale on the, 117; structural botany of the, 58
Pear-blight, control of, 113; early occurrence of, in America, 51; notes on, 111
-borers, 120
-breeding, Van Mons' theory of, 18
-characteristics of the, unchanged since time of Pliny, 9
-culture, climate adapted to, 85; economic considerations important to, 94; importance of stocks in, 94; notes on, 83; statistics of, 83
-diseases, 110
-districts in America, minor, 51
-growing, a comparison of English and American, 37
-insects, 117
-mites, 119
-orchards, care of, 97; catch crops for, 102; sod versus clean culture for, 102; tillage of, 102
-psylla, 118
-scab, 114; treatment of, 114
-slug, 119
-stocks, notes on, 95
-thrips, 121
-trees, characters of, 59; description of leaf-buds and leaves of, 61; description of trunk and branches of, 60; flower-buds and flowers of, 62; age of, 40; setting of, notes on, 101
-varieties, adaptability of, for dwarfing, 95; blight resistant, 112; blooming season of, 88; ripening season of, 88
Pears, canning of, 109; cold storage of, 109; commercial, leading varieties of, 84; cost of growing, 110; descriptions of species of, 69; discussion of the setting of fruit of, 99; fertilizers for, 98; grading of, 108; grafting of, 106; hardy, notes on, 86; harvesting and marketing of, 106; home ripening of, 109; local market for, 101; methods of planting of, 99; mixed varieties of, in orchards, 100; occidental, description of species of, 69; oriental, description of species of, 74; pruning of, 103; self-fertile varieties of, 100; self-sterile varieties of, 100; soils and locations for, 91; wild, 1; wild, species of, 2
_Pêche_ (syn. of Peach), 494
Peck, Thomas R., orig. of Royal, 532
Pei-li, 494
Pemberton, 494
Penderson, 494
Penderson, Samuel, orig. of Penderson, 494
Pendleton Early York, 494
Pengethley, 494
Penn, 494
Pennsylvania, 494
Pepin, 495
Perpetual, 495
Perrier, 495
Perry, William, introd. of Lincoln Coreless, 192
Pertusati, 495
Pests, damage to American pears by, 38
Petersbirne, 495
Petit-Blanquet, 495
Petit Catillac, 496
Petit-Chaumontel, 496
Petit-Hativeau, 496
Petit-Muscat, 496
Petit-Oin, 496
_Petite Bergamotte Jaune d'Été_ (syn. of Kleine gelbe Sommermuskatellerbirne), 435
Petite Charlotte, 497
_Petite Comtesse Palatine_ (syn. of Kleine Pfalzgrafin), 436
Petite Fondante, 497
Petite Marguerite, 497
_Petite Muscat Long d'Été_ (syn. of Kleine Lange Sommer-Muskatellerbirne), 436
_Petite Poire de Pierre_ (syn. of Petersbirne), 495
Petite Tournaisienne, 497
Petite Victorine, 497
Petre, 497; first variety to originate in America, 51
Pfaffenbirne, 497
Pfingstbirne, 498
Philiberte, 498
_Philipp der Gute_ (syn. of Philippe-Le-Bon), 498
Philippe-Le-Bon, 498
Philippe Couvreur, 498
Philippe Goes, 498
Philippot, 498
Philippot, orig. of Philippot, 498
Philopena, 498
Picciola, 498
Pickering, or Warden pear tree, 44
_Pickering_ (syn. of Pound), 208
Pie IX, 498
_Pied-de-Vache_ (syn. of Kuhfuss), 439
Pierre Corneille, 499
Pierre Curie, 499
Pierre Macé, 499
Pierre Paternotte, 499
Pierre Pépin, 499
Pierre Tourasse, 499
Pimpe, 499
Pink-rot of pear, 117
Pinneo, 499
Pitmaston, 207
Pitmaston, William, orig. of Bergamot Seckel, 268
_Pitmaston Duchess_ (syn. of Pitmaston), 207
_Pitmaston Duchesse d'Angoulême_ (syn. of Pitmaston), 207
Piton, 500
Piton, discov. of Piton, 500
Pitson, 500
_Pius IX_ (syn. of Pie IX), 498
Pius X, 500
Plantagenet, 500
Planting methods for pears, 99
Plascart, 500
Platt, 500
Platte Honigbirne, 500
Pliny, medicinal qualities ascribed to pears by, 10; mention of pear varieties by, 8; pear characteristics given by, 9
Plutarch, discussion of the pear in Greece by, 4
Pocahontas, 500
Pöckelbirne, 501
Poëte Béranger, 501
Poire d'Abbeville, 501
_Poire d'Amour d'Hiver_ (syn. of Winterliebesbirne), 584
Poire d'Ange de Meiningen, 501
_Poire d'Aunée d'Été_ (syn. of Sommeralantbirne), 548
Poire d'Avril, 501
_Poire Baronne Leroy_ (syn. of Baron Leroy), 259
_Poire du Breuil Père_ (syn. of Souvenir de du Breuil Père), 549
Poire Brune de Gasselin, 501
_Poire Canelle_ (syn. of Knoops Simmtbirne), 437
Poire de Casserole, 502
Poire des Chartriers, 502
Poire des Chasseurs, 502
_Poire de Chevalier de Buttner_ (syn. of Buttner Sachsische Ritterbirne), 322
Poire de Coq, 502
_Poire Dingler_ (syn. of Lamy), 184
Poire de Graisse, 502
Poire de gros queue, 502
_Poire Henri_ (syn. of Henri Bivort), 414
Poire de Hert, 502
Poire de Houblon, 502
Poire de Klevenow, 503
_Poire de Lard Brune_ (syn. of Braunrote Speckbirne), 318
_Poire Livre Verte_ (syn. of Grüne Pfundbirne), 408
_Poire de Miel de Liegel_ (syn. of Liegel Honigbirne), 448
Poire Noire à Longue Queue, 503
_Poire des Nonnes_ (syn. of Beurré de Brigné), 288
_Poire de Paul_ (syn. of Pauls Birne), 493
Poire du Pauvre, 503
Poire des Peintres, 503
Poire de Pendant, 503
_Poire-Pomme_ (syn. of Apple Pear), 250
Poire de Preuilly, 503
Poire de Rateau, 503
Poire Rigoleau, 504
Poire du Roeulx, 504
_Poire de Saint Père_ (syn. of Saint Père), 538
_Poire Seutin_ (syn. of Seutin), 545
Poire Souvenir d'Hortolès Père, 504
Poire Thouin, 504
Poire de Torpes, 504
Poire des Trois Fréres, 504
Poire des Trois Jours, 504
_Poire Trompette_ (syn. of Trompetenbirne), 566
_Poire des Urbanistes_ (syn. of Urbaniste), 224
_Poire de Vallée_ (syn. of Vallée Franche), 568
_Poire de Vitrier_, 504
Poire du Voyageur, 505
Poirer de Jardin, 505
_Poirier sauger_. (See _Pyrus nivalis_)
Poiteau, 505
Poiteau, orig. of Bergamotte Poiteau, 275
_Poiteau_ (_des Français_) (syn. of Bergamotte Poiteau), 275
Polish Lemon, 505
Polk, 505
Pollan, 505
Pollvaskaja, 505
Polnische grüne Krautbirne, 505
Polnische Seidenbirne, 505
Pome, definition of, 58; fruit characters of, 63
Pomeranzenbirn von Zabergäu, 506
Pomme d'Été, 506
Pomological garden of Robert Manning, 53
Pomology, first American by Coxe, 52
Pope Quaker, 506
Pope Scarlet Major, 506
Portail, 506
Porter, 506
Portingall, 506
Posey, 506
Pound, 208
Pradel Bros., orig. of Rousselet de Pomponne, 529
Prager Schaferbirne, 506
Prairie du Pond, 506
_Präsident Drouard_ (syn. of Président Drouard), 210
Pratt, 507
Pratt Junior, 507
Pratt Seedling, 507
Precilly, 507
Précoce de Celles, 507
Précoce de Jodoigne, 507
Précoce de Tivoli, 507
Précoce de Trévoux, 507
Précoce Trottier, 507
_Précoce de Wharton_ (syn. of Wharton Early), 579
Premature, 508
Prémices d'Écully, 508
Prémices de Wagelwater, 508
Premier, 508
Premier Président Métivier, 508
_Present Royal of Naples_ (syn. of Beau Présent d'Artois), 261
Présent de Van Mons, 508
President, 508
Président Barabé, 508
Président de la Bastie, 509
Président Boncenne, 509
Président Campy, 509
President Clark, 509
Président Couprie, 509
Président Deboutteville, 509
President Dr. Ward, 509
Président Drouard, 210
Président d'Estaintot, 509
President Felton, 509
Président Fortier, 509
Président Héron, 510
Président Mas, 510
Président Muller, 510
Président Olivier, 510
Président d'Osmonville, 510
Président Parigot, 510
Président Payen, 510
President Pouyer-Quertier, 510
Président Royer, 510
Président le Sant, 511
Président Watier, 511
Présidente Senente, 511
_Preul's Colmar_ (syn. of Passe Colmar), 205
Prévost, 511
Pricke, 511
Primating, 511
Prince, William, introd. of Sha Lea, 545; orig. of Prince Harvest, 511; Saint-Germain, 512
Prince Albert, 511
Prince Harvest, 511
Prince Impérial, 511
Prince Impérial de France, 512
Prince de Joinville, 512
Prince Napoléon, 512
Prince d'Orange, 512
Prince de Printemps, 512
Prince Saint-Germain, 512
Prince Seed Virgalieu, 512
Princess, 512
Princess Maria, 513
Princesse Charlotte, 513
_Princesse de Lubeck_ (syn. of Lübecker Prinzessin Birne), 453
Princesse Marianne, 513
Princesse d'Orange, 513
_Princesse-Royale_ (syn. of Groom Prince Royal,) 403
Princière, 513
Pringalle, Célestin, orig, of Beurré Pringalle, 304
Priou, 513
Priou, discov. of Priou, 513
Professeur Barral, 514
Professeur Bazin, 514
Professeur Dubreuil, 514
Professeur Grosdemange, 514
Professeur Hennau, 514
Professeur Hortolès, 514
Professeur Opoix, 514
Professeur Willermoz, 514
Prud'homme, 515
Pruning pears, 103
Psylla, pear, 118
Pudsey, 515
Puebla, 515
Pulsifer, 515
Pulsifer, Dr. John, orig. of Pulsifer, 515
Pushkin, 515
Pyrolle, orig. of Jaminette, 427
Pyrus, characters of, 57
_Pyrus amygdaliformis_, note on, 73
_Pyrus auricularis_, habitat of, 73; specific description of, 73
_Pyrus betulaefolia_, habitat of, 79; specific description of, 79
_Pyrus calleryana_, habitat of, 80; specific notes on, 80
_Pyrus communis_, behavior of, as a wild pear, 2; habitat of, 70; specific description of, 69
_Pyrus communis cordata_, specific notes on, 72
_Pyrus communis longipes_, specific notes on, 72
_Pyrus communis mariana_, specific notes on, 72
_Pyrus communis pyraster_, specific notes on, 71
_Pyrus communis sativa_, specific notes on, 72
_Pyrus elæagrifolia_, relationship of, to _Pyrus nivalis_, 73
_Pyrus heterophylla_, note on, 73
_Pyrus kotschyana_, relationship of, to _Pyrus nivalis_, 73
_Pyrus lindleyi_, relationship of, to _Pyrus serotina_, 75
_Pyrus nivalis_, behavior of, as a wild pear, 2; habitat of, 2, 72; specific description of, 72
_Pyrus ovoidea_, blight resistance of, 81; parent of Tolstoy, 564; specific description of, 80
_Pyrus pashia_, distinction of, from _Pyrus variolosa_, 82
_Pyrus salicifolia_, note on, 74
_Pyrus salvifolia_, relationship of, to _Pyrus nivalis_, 73
_Pyrus serotina_, behavior of, as a wild pear, 2; habitat of 3, 75; specific description of, 74; value of, as a pear stock, 96
_Pyrus serotina culta_, habitat of, 76; specific description of, 75
_Pyrus serotina stapfiana_, note on, 75
_Pyrus serrulata_, habitat of, 78; specific notes on, 78
_Pyrus sinensis_, relationship of, to _Pyrus serotina_, 74
_Pyrus syriaca_, note on, 74
_Pyrus ussuriensis_, blight resistance of, 78; habitat of, 77; specific description of, 77
_Pyrus variolosa_, notes on, 81
Queen Jargonelle, 515
Queen Victoria, 515
Quiletette, 515
Quince, 515
Quince, Japanese, relationship of, to the pear, 57
Quince stocks for pear, 96
Quinn, 515
Quintinye, La. (See La Quintinye)
Raabe, orig. of Honey Dew, 420
_Radis de Leipsick_ (syn. of Leipziger Rettigbirn), 444
Ragan, Reuben, discov. of Philopena, 498
Rahm, Rev. W. L., introd. into England of Vicar of Winkfield, 227
Rainbirne, 516
Rallay, 516
Rameau, 516
Ramilies, 516
Rankin, 516
Rankin, W. H., discov. of Rankin, 516
Rannaja, 516
Rapelje, 516
Rastlerbirne, 516
Rateau Blanc, 516
Ravenswood, 517
_Ravu_ (syn. of Ravut), 517
Ravut, 517
Raymond, 517
Raymond de Montlaur, 517
Raymould, 517
Rayner, Mrs., orig. of Hacon Incomparable, 409
Re Umberto primo, 517
Read, Walter, orig. of Oswego Beurré, 488
Reading, 517
Recq de Pambroye, 517
_Red Doyenné_ (syn. of Doyenné Gris), 367
Red Garden, 518
_Red Muscadel_ (syn. of Jargonelle (French)), 178
_Red Orange_ (syn. of Orange Rouge), 487
Red Pear, 518
Redfield, 518
Reeder, 211
Reeder, Dr. Henry, orig. of Reeder, 211
_Reeder's Seedling_ (syn. of Reeder), 211
Refreshing, 518
_Regentin_ (syn. of Passe Colmar), 205
Regina Margherita, 518
Régine, 518
Regnier, 518
Regnier, Madame, orig. of Regnier, 518
Reichenäckerin, 518
Reine des Belges, 518
Reine d'Hiver, 519
Reine des Poires, 519
Reine des Précoces, 519
Reine des Tardives, 519
Reine Victoria, 519
Reliance, 519
Remy Chatenay, 519
René Dunan, 519
Rettigbirne, 519
Reuterbirne, 520
Rewell, 520
Rey, orig. of Léon Rey, 446
Reymenans, 520
Reynaert Beernaert, 520
Rheinische Birne, 520
Rheinische Herbstapothekerbirne, 520
Rheinische Paradiesbirne, 520
Rhenser Schmalzbirne, 520
Richards, 520
Richardson, 521
Riche Dépouille, 521
Ridelle, 521
Riehl, Edwin H., discov. of Riehl Best, 212
Riehl Best, 212
Riocreux, 521
Ripening of pears in the home, 109
Ripening season of pear varieties, 88
Ritson, 521
Ritson, Mrs. John, orig. of Ritson, 521
Ritter, 521
Ritter, Louis, discov. of Ritter, 521
Rival Dumont, 521
Rivers, 521
Rivers, Thomas, orig. of varieties, 308, 345, 347, 363, 381, 417, 460, 502, 512, 537, 538, 556
Robert, orig. of Belle du Figuier, 264; Général Canrobert, 394
Robert & Moreau, orig. of Beurré Fidéline, 295; Fondante de la Maitre-École, 384
Robert Hogg, 521
Robert Treel, 522
_Robertson_ (syn. of Washington), 575
Robin, orig. of Doyenné Robin, 369
Robine, 522
Robitaillié, orig. of Robitaillié père, 522
Robitaillié père, 522
Roby, H. R., introd. of Winter Seckel, 584; orig. of Cooke, 348
Rockeneirbirne, 522
Roe, William, orig. of Roe Bergamot, 522
Roe Bergamot, 522
Rogers, 522
Roggenhoferbirne, 522
_Roi Charles de Wurtemberg_ (syn. of König Karl von Württemberg), 438
_Roi d'Été_ (syn. of Gros Rousselet), 404
Roi-Guillaume, 522
Roi de Rome, 523
Roitelet, 523
Rokeby, 523
Roland, orig. of Beurré Roland, 304
Rollet, orig. of Notaire Lepin, 483
Rolmaston Duchess, 523
Rome, ancient, pear in, 7
Ronde du Bosquet, 523
Rondelet, 523
Rongiéras, orig. of Beurré des Mouchouses, 302
Rooks, orig. of Ozark, 489
Roosevelt, 213
Ropes, 523
Ropes, orig. of Ropes, 523
Rorreger Mostbirne, 523
Rosabirne, 523
Rosalie Wolters, 524
Rosanne, 524
Rose Doyenné, 524
Rose Water, 524
Rosenhofbirne, 524
Rosenwasserbirne, 524
Rosinenbirne, 524
Roslyn, 524
Ross, 524
Ross, Charles, orig. of General Wauchope, 395
Ross, Gideon, orig. of Japan, 428
Rossney, 524
Rostiezer, 525
_Rote Bergamotte_ (syn. of Bergamotte d'Automne), 270
Rote Hanglbirne, 525
Rote Holzbirne, 525
Rote Kochbirne, 525
Rote Pilchelbirne, 525
Rote Scheibelbirne, 525
Rote Winawitz, 525
Rotfleischige Mostbirne, 525
Rothbackige Sommerzuckerbirne, 525
Rothe Confesselsbirne, 526
Rothe Jakobsbirne, 526
Rothe langstielige Honigbirne, 526
Rothe oder grosse Pfalzgrafinbirne, 526
Rothe Rettigbirne, 526
Rothe Winterkappesbirne, 526
Rothe Winterkochbirne, 526
Rothe Zucherlachsbirne, 526
_Rother Sommerdorn_ (syn. of Épine d'Été Rouge), 377
Rother Winterhasenkopf, 526
Rothgraue Kirchmessbirne, 527
Rougeaude, 527
Rouget, 527
Roulef, 527
Rouse Lench, 527
Rousselet Aelens, 527
Rousselet d'Anvers, 527
_Rousselet d'Aout_ (syn. of Gros Rousselet d'Aout), 405
Rousselet Baud, 527
Rousselet Bivort, 527
Rousselet Blanc, 528
Rousselet de la Cour, 528
Rousselet Decoster, 528
Rousselet Doré d'Hiver, 528
_Rousselet Enfant Prodigue_ (syn. of Enfant Prodigue), 377
_Rousselet d'été Brun Rouge_ (syn. of Braunrothe Sommerrusselet), 319
Rousselet Hâtif, 528
_Rousselet d'Hiver_ (syn. of Winter Rousselet), 584
Rousselet de Janvier, 528
Rousselet Jaune d'Été, 529
Rousselet de Jodoigne, 529
Rousselet de Jonghe, 529
Rousselet de Meestre, 529
Rousselet Panaché, 529
Rousselet de Pomponne, 529
Rousselet Précoce, 529
Rousselet de Reims, parent of Bon Chrétien Vermont, 315
Rousselet de Rheims, 530
Rousselet de Rheims Panaché, 530
Rousselet Royal, 530
Rousselet Saint Nicolas, 530
Rousselet Saint-Quentin, 530
Rousselet Saint Vincent, 530
Rousselet de Stuttgardt, 531
Rousselet Thaon, 531
Rousselet Theuss, 531
Rousselet Vanderwecken, 531
Rousseline, 531
Rousselon, 531
Roux Carcas, 532
Rové, 532
Rowling, 532
Royal, 532
Royal d'Hiver, 532
Royale Vendée, 532
Ruhschiebler, 532
Rummelter Birne, 533
Runde gelbe Honigbirne, 533
Runde Sommerpomeranzenbirne, 533
_Rushmore_ (syn. of Harrison Large Fall), 412
Russbirne, 533
Russelet Petit, 533
Russet Bartlett, 533
Russet Catherine, 533
Russian pears, introduction into America, 56
Rutter, 214
Rutter, John, orig. of Rutter, 214
Rylsk, 533
S. T. Wright, 533
Sabine, 533
Sabine d'Été, 534
Sacandaga, 534
Sächsische Glockenbirne, 534
Sächsische Lange Grüne Winterbirne, 534
Safran, 534
Sage-leaved Pear. (See _Pyrus nivalis_)
Sageret, orig. of Angleterre Nain, 247; Beauvalot, 262; Bergamotte Sageret, 276; Doyenné Rose, 369
Saint André, 534
Saint Andrew, 534
Saint Aubin sur Riga, 534
Saint-Augustin, 535
Saint Denis, 535
Saint Dorothée, 535
Saint François, 535
Saint Gallus Weinbirne, 535
Saint George, 535
Saint Germain, 535; parent of Marie Guisse, 464; Williams Double Bearing, 582
Saint Germain Gris, 536
Saint Germain Panaché, 536
Saint Germain de Pepins, 536
Saint Germain Puvis, 536
Saint Germain du Tilloy, 536
Saint Germain Van Mons, 536
_Saint-Germain Vauquelin_ (syn. of Vauquelin), 570
Saint Ghislain, 536
Saint Herblain d'Hiver, 537
_Saint-Laurent Jaune_ (syn. of Gelbe Laurentiusbirne), 393
Saint Lézin, 537
Saint Louis, 537
Saint Luc, 537
Saint Luke, 537
_St. Martial_ (syn. of Angélique de Bordeaux), 247
Saint Menin, 537
_Saint-Michael_ (syn. of White Doyenné), 228
St. Michel Archange, 538
_Saint-Nicolas_ (syn. of Duchesse d'Orléans), 156
Saint Patrick, 538
Saint Père, 538
St. Swithin, 538
Saint Vincent de Paul, 538
Sainte Anne, 538
_Sainte Germain d'Été_ (syn. of Summer Saint Germain), 556
_Sainte Madelaine_ (syn. of Madeleine), 195
Sainte Thérèse, 539
Salisbury, 539
Salviati, 539
Salzburger von Adlitz, 539
Sam Brown, 539
Samenlose, 539
San Jose scale on pear, 117
Sand Pear. (See _Pyrus serotina_)
Sand pear, Chinese, parent of Garber, 171; Kieffer, 181; Le Conte, 187
_Sanguine de France_ (syn. of Sanguinole), 539
Sanguine d'Italie, 539
Sanguinole, 539
Sanguinole de Belgique, 540
Sannier, Arséne, orig. of varieties, 241, 276, 283, 297, 315, 360, 361, 381, 429, 451, 452, 453, 455, 456, 499, 508, 509, 510, 511, 519, 543, 549, 550, 551, 572
Sans-Pareille du Nord, 540
Sans Peau, 540
Santa Anna, 540
Santa Claus, 540
Santa Rosa, 541
Sapieganka, 541
Sarah, 541
Sarrasin, 541
Sary-Birne, 541
Säuerliche Margarethenbirne, 541
Scab, pear, 114; treatment of, 114
Scale insects on pear, 120
_Scented_ (syn. of Duchovaya), 573
Schellesbirne, 541
Schenk, John, orig. of Hosenschenk, 421
Schmalblättrige Schneebirne, 542
Schmotzbirne, 542
Schnackenburger Winterbirne, 542
Schöberlbirne, 542
_Schöne Angevine_ (syn. of Pound), 208
Schöne Müllerin, 542
_Schöne Zuckerbirne_ (syn. of Belle Sucrée), 266
Schönebeck Tafelbirne, 542
Schönerts Omsewitzer Schmalzbirne, 542
Schönlin Stuttgarter späte Winterbutterbirne, 542
_Schönste Sommerbirne_ (syn. of Jargonelle (French)), 178
Schuman, 542
Schwarze Birne, 542
Schweizer Wasserbirne, 543
Sdegnata, 543
Seal, 543
Sébastien, 543
Sebastopol, 543
Secher, orig. of Duchesse de Bordeaux, 371
Seckel, 215; parent of Adams, 237; Barseck, 260; Eureka, 379; Feast, 381; Gansel Seckel, 170; Luola, 454; President Clark, 509; Worden Seckel, 234; Youngken Winter Seckel, 586; place of, in commercial pear culture, 84
Seckel Seedling No. 1, 543
_Seckle_ (syn. of Seckel), 215
Secrétaire Maréschal, 543
Secrétaire Rodin, 543
_Seigneur_ (syn. of Belle Lucrative), 126
Seigneur Daras, 544
_Seigneur d'Espéren_ (syn. of Belle Lucrative), 126
Seigneur d'Été, 544
Self-fertile and self-sterile pears, 100
Selleck, 544
Semis d'Echasserie, 544
Semis Léon Leclerc, 544
_Semis de White_ (syn. of White Seedling), 579
Sénateur Préfet, 544
Sénateur Vaisse, 544
Seneca, 545
Senfbirne, 545
Seringe, 545
Serrurier, 545
Seutin, 545
Sha Lea, 545
Shawmut, 545
Sheldon, 217; place of, in commercial pear culture, 84
Sheldon, Major, owner of original tree of Sheldon, 217
Shenandoah, 545
Sheppard, 546
Sheppard, James, orig. of Sheppard, 546
Sheridan, 546
Shindel, 546
Shobden Court, 546
Shroeder, R., introd. of Winter, 583
Shurtleff, 546
Shurtleff, Dr. S. A., orig. of varieties, 238, 242, 258, 319, 320, 328, 335, 336, 338, 360, 387, 388, 395, 399, 400, 401, 411, 425, 430, 445, 450, 461, 468, 476, 482, 486, 494, 506, 508, 515, 538, 545, 546, 552, 570, 583
Sieboldii, 546
Sieulle, Jean, orig. of Doyenné Sieulle, 369
Sievenicher Mostbirne, 546
_Silberästige Gewürzbirne_ (syn. of Rameau), 516
_Silvange_ (syn. of Bergamotte Silvange), 276
Sikaya, 546
Simon Bouvier, 546; parent of Rousselet Bivort, 527
Sinai'sche Buschelbirne, 547
Sinclair, 547
Sirningers Mostbirne, 547
Six, orig. of Beurré Six, 306
Size and habit of pear-trees, 59
_Skinless_ (syn. of Sans Peau), 540
Slavonische Wasserbirne, 547
Slug on pear, 19
Slutsk, 547
_Small Blanquet_ (syn. of Petit-Blanquet), 495
Smet Fils Unique, 547
Smith, 547
Smith, J. B., orig. of Haddington, 409; Moyamensing, 475; Pennsylvania, 494
Smith, S. F., orig. of seedling pears, 338
Smith, W. & T., orig. of Ontario, 202
Smith Beauty, 547
Smith Duchess, 547
Snow, 547
Snow Pear. (See _Pyrus nivalis)_
Society Van Mons, distrib. of varieties, 264, 320, 500; orig. of varieties, 259, 316, 479, 527
Sod versus clean culture for pear orchards, 102
Soeur Grégoire, 547
Soils and locations for pears, 91
Soldat Bouvier, 548
Soldat Laboureur, 548; parent of Président d'Estaintot, 509
_Solitaire_ (syn. of Mansuette), 461
Sommeralantbirne, 548
_Sommerdechantsbirne_(syn. of Summer Doyenné), 221
Sommerkönigin, 548
Sommer-Russelet, 548
Sommerwachsbirne, 548
Sommer-Zuckerbirne, 548
Sophie de l'Ukraine, 548
Sotschnaja, 549
Soueraigne, 549
Soutmann, 549
_Souvenir_ (syn. of Souvenir du Congrès), 218
Souvenir de l'Abbé Lefebvre, 549
Souvenir de du Breuil Père, 549
Souvenir du Congrès, 218
Souvenir Deschamps, 549
Souvenir Désiré Gilain, 549
Souvenir d'Espéren, 219
_Souvenir d'Espéren_ (syn. of Fondante de Noël), 165
Souvenir d'Espéren de Berckmans, 549
Souvenir Favre, 550
Souvenir de Gaëte, 550
Souvenir de Julia, 550
_Souvenir de Leopold I^{er}_ (syn. of Vingt-cinquième Anniversaire de Léopold I^{er}), 573
Souvenir de Leroux-Durand, 550
Souvenir de Lydie, 550
Souvenir de Madame Charles, 550
_Souvenir de Madame Treyve_ (syn. of Madame Treyve), 459
Souvenir de la Reine des Belges, 550
Souvenir de Renault Père, 551
Souvenir de Sannier père, 551
Souvenir de Simon Bouvier, 551
_Souvenir de Simon Bouvier_ (syn. of Simon Bouvier), 546
Souvenir du Vénérable de la Salle, 551
Souveraine de Printemps, 551
Spae, 551
Spae, orig. of Spae, 551
_Spanish Warden_ (syn. of Bon-Chrétien d'Espagne), 313
_Sparbirne_ (syn. of Jargonelle), 177
Späte Rotbirne, 551
Späte Sommerbirne ohne Schale, 551
Späte Todemannsbirne, 552
Späte Wasserbirne, 552
Spätes Graumänchen, 552
Species of oriental pears, descriptions of, 74
Species of pears, 57; characters of, 57; descriptions of, 69
Speckbirne, 552
Speedwell, 552
Spillingsbirne, 552
Spindelförmige Honigbirne, 552
Spindelförmige Rehbirne, 552
Spinka, 552
Spreeuw, 553
_Squash_ (syn. of Taynton Squash), 560
Stair, discoverer of Bartlett, 125
Star of Bethlehem, 553
Stark, W. P., introd. of Victor, 572
Stark Bros., introd. of Florida Bartlett, 383
Statistics of pear culture, 83
Steinbirne, 553
Steinmitz Catharine, 553
Stephens, Prof., discov. of Rapelje, 516
Sterckmans, orig. of Beurré Sterckmans, 307
Sterility of pear, 99
Sterling, 553
Sterling, orig. of Sterling, 553
Stevens, M. F., orig. of Stevens Genesee, 553
Stevens Genesee, 553
Stocks for pears, importance of, 94; notes on, 95
Stoff, orig. of Madame Stoff, 459
Stoffels, orig. of Sabine d'Été, 534
Stone, 553
Stone, orig. of Stone, 553
Stone & Wellington, orig. of Pitson, 500
Stout, 553
Strassburger Sommerbergamotte, 553
Stribling, 554
Stribling, J. C., introd. of Stribling, 554
_Striped Bon Chrétien_ (syn. of Bon-Chrétien d'Hiver Panaché), 314
Structural botany of pear, 58
Stümplerbirne, 554
Sturges, 554
Sturges, Mrs, Mary S., orig. of Sturges, 554
_Stuttgarter Geisshirtel_ (syn. of Rousselet de Stuttgardt), 531
Stuyvesant, pear tree in garden of, 49
Styer, 554
Styer, Charles, orig. of Styer, 554
Styrian, 554
_Sucré de Tertolen_ (syn. of Van Tertolen Herbst Zuckerbirne), 569
Sucré-Vert, 554
_Sucré-Vert d'Hoyerswerda_ (syn. of Sucrée de Hoyerswerda), 555
Sucrée Blanche, 555
Sucrée du Comice, 555
_Sucrée d'Heyer_ (syn. of Heyer Zuckerbirne), 418
Sucrée de Hoyerswerda, 555
Sucrée de Montluçon, 555
Sucrée Van Mons, 555
Sucrée de Zurich, 555
Sudduth, 220
Sudduth, Titus, dissem. of Sudduth, 220
Suet Lea, 556
Suffolk Thorn, 556
Sugar Top, 556
Sülibirne, 556
Sullivan, 556
_Summer Bell_ (syn. of Windsor), 583
Summer Beurré d'Arenberg, 556
_Summer Franc Réal_ (syn. of Bergamotte d'Été), 271
Summer Hasting, 556
Summer Popperin, 556
Summer Portugal, 556
Summer Saint Germain, 556
Summer Virgalieu, 557
Summer, Col. William, introd. of Upper Crust, 567; orig. of Hebe, 413
_Superfin_ (syn. of Beurré Superfin), 137
Superfondanta, 557
Superstitions based on pears, 10
Suprême Coloma, 557
Surpasse Crassane, 557
Surpasse Meuris, 557
Surpasse St, Germain, 557
Surpasse Virgalieu, 557
Surprise, 558
Süsse Margarethenbirne, 558
Süsse Sommerlahnbirne, 558
Suwanee, 558
Suzanne, 558
Suzette de Bavay, 558
Swain, James R., orig. of Bronx, 320
Swan Egg, 558
_Swan's Orange_ (syn. of Onondaga), 201
Sweater, 558
Sylvie de Malzine, 559
Taglioretti, 559
Takasaki, 559
Talmadge, 559
Talmadge, Levi, orig. of Talmadge, 559
Tardive d'Ellezelles, 559
Tardive Garin, 559
Tardive de Mons, 559
Tardive de Montauban, 559
Tardive de Solesne, 559
_Tardive de Toulouse_ (syn. of Duchesse d'Hiver), 372
Tatnall Harvest, 559
Tavernier de Boulogne, 559
Taylor, 560
Taynton Squash, 560
Tea, 560
Templiers, 560
Tepka, 560
_Tertolen Herbst Zuckerbirne_ (syn. of Van Tertolen Herbst Zuckerbirne), 569
Test, 560
Tettenhall, 560
Teutsche Augustbirne, 561
Texas, 561
Thacher, Anthony, pear tree, 43
The Dean, 561
Theilersbirne, 561
Theodor Körner, 561
Theodore, 561
Theodore Van Mons, 561
Theodore Williams, 561
Théophile Lacroix, 561
Theophrastus, mention of pear by, 5
Thérèse, 562
Thérèse Appert, 562
Theveriner Butterbirne, 562
Thibaut Butterbirne, 562
Thick Stalked Pear, 562
Thiérard, Jules, orig. of Lydie Thiérard, 454
Thimothée, 562
_Thintwig_ (syn. of Tonkovietka), 564
Thirriot, orig. of Fondante Thirriot, 386
Thirriot Bros., orig. of Eugène Thirriot, 379
Thompson, Judge, orig. of Thompson, 562
Thompson (Eng.), 562
Thompson (N. H.), 562
Thooris, 562
_Thorp_ (syn. of White Doyenné), 228
_Thouin_ (syn. of Winter Nelis), 232
Thrips on pear, 121
Throop, Calvin, orig. of Calvin, 326
Thuerlinckx, 563
Thurston Red, 563
_Thury Schmalzbirne_ (syn. of Héricart de Thury), 417
Tiffin, 563
Tigrée de Janvier, 563
Tillage of pear orchards, 102
Tillington, 563
Timpling, 563
Tindall, George & William, orig. of Tindall Swan Egg, 563
Tindall Swan Egg, 563
Tollbirne, 564
Tolstoy, 564
Tom Strange, 564
Tonkovietka, 564
Tonneau, 564
Toronto Belle, 564
Totten, Col., orig. of Totten Seedling, 564
Totten Seedling, 564
_Tougard_ (syn. of Calebasse Tougard), 326
Tourasse, orig, of Comte de Lambertye, 346; Directeur Hardy, 360; La Béarnaise, 440; Pierre Tourasse, 499; Professeur Bazin, 514
Tournay d'hiver, 565
Tout-il-faut, 565
Träublesbirne, 565
Tredwell, Thomas, orig. of Platt, 500
Trees, pear, characters of, 59
_Trescott_ (syn. of Westcott), 578
_Trésor_ (syn. of Amour), 245
Tressorier Lesacher, 565
Treyve, orig. of Madame Treyve, 459; Précoce de Trévoux, 507
Trinkebirne, 565
Triomphe de Jodoigne, 565
Triomphe de Louvain, 565
Triomphe de Touraine, 565
Triomphe de Tournai, 565
Triomphe de Vienne, 566
_Triumph_ (syn. of Triomphe de Vienne), 566
_Trockener Martin_ (syn. of Martin-Sec), 466
Trompetenbirne, 566
Troppauer Goldgelbe Sommermuskatellerbirne, 566
_Troppauer Muskateller_ (syn. of Troppauer Goldgelbe Sommermuskatellerbirne), 566
Trottier, orig. of Doyenné de Montjean, 368
_Trois Jours_ (syn. of Poire des Trois Jours), 504
_Trout Pear_ (syn. of Forelle), 167
Truchsess, 566
Truckhill Bergamot, 566
Tsar, 566
Tudor, 567
Turban, 567
Türkische müskirte Sommerbirne, 567
Turnep, 567
Turner, mention of pears by, 32
Tusser, mention of pears by, 32
Tussock moth caterpillars on pear, 120
_Twenty-fifth Anniversaire de Leopold I_ (syn. of Vingt-cinquième Anniversaire de Léopold I^{er}), 573
Twice flowering Pear-tree, 567
Tyler, 567
Tyson, 222; value of, for local market in New York, 101
Tyson, Jonathan, owner of original tree of Tyson, 223
Ulatis, 567
_Unbekannte Von Mons_ (syn. of L'Inconnue Van Mons), 439
_Union_ (syn. of Pound), 208
Unterlaibacher Mostbirne, 567
_Unvergleichliche_ (syn. of Sans-Pareille du Nord), 540
Upper Crust, 567
Urbaniste, 224; parent of Harris, 412; Poire du Pauvre, 503
_Urbanister Sämling_ (syn. of Urbaniste), 224
Ursula, 567
Uvedale, Dr., orig. of Pound, 209
_Uvedale's St. Germain_ (syn. of Pound), 208
Uwchlan, 568
Valentine, 568
Vallée Franche, 568
Valley, 568
Van Assche, 568
_Van Assene_ (syn. of Van Assche), 568
Van Buren, 568
Van Deventer, 568
Van Dooren, orig. of Rousselet Saint-Quentin, 530
Van Geert, Jean, orig. of Beurré Jean van Geert 298; Beurré Van Geert, 295
Van Lindley, J., introd. of Alice Payne, 242
Van Marum, 569
Van Mons, Dr., discov. of var., 533; orig. of varieties, 131, 152, 161, 221, 237, 239, 240, 242, 243, 246, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 260, 265, 269, 272, 273, 278, 279, 282, 284, 285, 286, 288, 290, 291, 293, 297, 298, 299, 305, 307, 308, 312, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 330, 331, 333, 334, 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 348, 349, 351, 353, 354, 355, 356, 358, 361, 362, 365, 368, 369, 370, 372, 373, 377, 378, 379, 381, 383, 385, 386, 387, 390, 392, 394, 405, 409, 413, 414, 415, 417, 418, 433, 434, 441, 443, 444, 445, 446, 448, 452, 457, 462, 463, 464, 467, 470, 472, 474, 476, 483, 485, 487, 488, 489, 491, 492, 493, 498, 502, 505, 508, 511, 512, 513, 515, 516, 518, 519, 520, 522, 527, 528, 531, 536, 545, 547, 553, 555, 556, 557, 558, 561, 562, 565, 569, 570, 578; prop. of var., 160; theory of, in pear breeding, 18; work of, in pear breeding, 17
_Van Mons Butterbirne_ (syn. of Léon Leclerc (Van Mons)), 189
Van Mons frühe Pomeranzenbirne, 569
_Van Mons Hermannsbirne_ (syn. of Saint Germain Van Mons), 536
Van Mons Sommer Schmalzbirne, 569
Van Mons späte Wirthschaftbirne, 569
Van Mons süsse Haushaltsbirne, 569
Van Tertolen Herbst Zuckerbirne, 569
Van Vranken, William, discov. of Sacandaga, 534
Van de Weyer Bates, 569
Vancouver, mention of fruits in California by, 54
Vanderveer, 570
Vanderveer, Dr. Adrian, orig. of Vanderveer, 570
Varet, A., orig. of Beurré Vauban, 307
Varro, fifty monographs of husbandry by Greeks named by, 7; forerunner of modern pear management, 7
Varuna, 570
Vauquelin, 570
Vauquelin, orig. of Vauquelin, 570
Veitch, Messrs., orig. of S. T. Wright, 533
_Venturia pyrina_, cause of pear scab, 114
Venusbrust, 570
_Vereins Dechantsbirne_ (syn. of Doyenné du Comice), 153
Vergoldete oder wahre graue Dechantsbirne, 570
Verguldete Herbstbergamotte, 570
_Verlain_ (syn. of Verlaine d'Été), 570
Verlaine d'Été, 570
Vermillion d'en Haut, 570
Vermont, 571
Vermont Beauty, 225; place of, in New York pear culture, 85; possibility of, being identical with Forelle, 167
Vernusson, 571
_Verschwenderin_ (syn. of Enfant Prodigue), 377
_Verte-Longue d'Automne_ (syn. of Long Green of Autumn), 449
Verte-longue panachée, 571
Verte-Longue de la Sarthe, 571
Verulam, 571
_Veterans_ (syn. of Besi des Vétérans), 282
Vezouzière, 571
_Vicar_ (syn. of Vicar of Winkfield), 226
Vicar Junior, 571
Vicar of Winkfield, 226
Vice-Président Coppiers, 572
Vice-Président Decaye, 572
Vice-Président Delbée, 572
Vice-Président Delehoye, 572
Vice-Président Delbée, parent of Cavelier de la Salle, 331
Victor, 572
_Victoria_ (syn. of Huyshe Victoria), 423
_Victoria d'Huyse_ (syn. of Huyshe Victoria), 423
Victoria de Williams, 572
Victorina, 572
Vigne, 572
Villain XIV, 572
Villéne de Saint-Florent, 573
Vin de Anglais, 573
_Vine Pear_ (syn. of Vigne), 572
Vineuse, 573
_Vineuse Esperen_ (syn. of Vineuse), 573
Vingt-cinquième Anniversaire de Léopold I^{er}, 573
_Virgalieu_ (syn. of White Doyenné), 228
_Virgalieu d'été_ (syn. of Summer Virgalieu), 557
Virginale du Mecklembourg, 573
Virginie Baltet, 573
Virgouleuse, 573
Vital, 574
Vital, discov. of Vital, 574
Vitrier, 574
_Volkmarsen_ (syn. of Volkmarserbirne), 574
Volkmarserbirne, 574
Von Muckenheim, orig. of Argusbirne, 252
Von Zugler, 574
Voscovoya, 574
Vosschanka, 575
_Wachsbirne_ (syn. of Cire), 338
Wade, 575
Wade, I. C., orig. of Wade, 575
Wadleigh, 575
Wahre Canning, 575
Wahre Faustbirne, 575
Wahre Schneebirne, 575
Walker, Samuel, owner of original tree of Mount Vernon, 199
_Walker_ (syn. of Amande Double), 243
Wallis, Henry, orig. of Wallis Kieffer, 575
Wallis Kieffer, 575
_Walnut_ (syn. of Echasserie), 374
_Wälsche Birne_ (syn. of Jargonelle), 177
Warden pear tree, 44
Warner, 575
_Warwicke_ (syn. of White Doyenné), 228
Washington, 575
Waterloo, 576
Watson, 576
Watson, William, orig. of Watson, 576
_Waxy_ (syn. of Voscovoya), 574
Weber, orig. of Duchesse d'Angoulême Bronzée, 371
Webster, 576
Weeping Willow, 576
Weidenbirne, 576
Weidenblättrige Herbstbirne, 576
Weihmier Sugar, 576
_Weihnachtsbirne_ (syn. of Fondante de Noël), 164
Weiler'sche Mostbirn, 576
_Weingifterin_ (syn. of Schweizer Wasserbirne), 543
Weisse Fuchsbirne, 576
Weisse Hangelbirne, 577
_Weisse Herbst Butterbirne_ (syn. of White Doyenné), 228
Weisse Kochbirne, 577
Weisse Pelzbirne, 577
_Weisse Pfalzgrafenbirne_ (syn. of Zink Pfalzgrafenbirne), 587
Welbeck Bergamot, 577
Wellington, 577
Wellington, A., introd. of Wellington, 577
Welsche Bratbirne, 577
Weltz, 578
Weltz, Leo, introd. of Weltz, 578
Wendell, 578
Wesner, 578
Westcott, 578
Westphälische Melonenbirne, 578
Westrumb, 578
Wetmore, 578
Wetmore, E. B., orig. of Wetmore, 578
Wharton Early, 579
Wheeler, 579
Wheeler, Dr., discov. of Wheeler, 579
Whieldon, 579
Whieldon, Wm. W., orig. of Whieldon, 579
_White Beurré_ (syn. of White Doyenné), 228
White Doyenné, 228; parent of Beurré Antoine, 284; Christmas Beurré, 337; Collins, 341; Hewes, 418; Homestead, 420; Vanderveer, 570
White Genneting, 579
White Longland, 579
White Seedling, 579
White Squash, 580
White Star, 580
Whitfield, 580
Wiegel, Christopher, orig. of Margaret, 197
_Wiener Pomeranzenbirne_ (syn. of Orange de Vienne), 487
Wiest, 580
Wight, Joseph, orig. of Raymond, 517
Wilbur, 580
Wilbur, Jr., D., orig. of Wilbur, 580
Wilcomb and King, introd. of Lawrence, 185
Wild Pears. (See Pears, Wild)
Wilde Filzbirne, 580
Wilde Herrnbirne, 580
Wilde Holzbirne, 580
Wilder, Col. Marshall P., biography of, 128; introd. into America of varieties, 127, 472, 571
_Wilder_ (syn. of Wilder Early), 230
Wilder Early, 230
Wilder Sugar, 580
Wilding von Einsiedel, 581
Wilding von Gronau, 581
_Wilding aus Suffolk_ (syn. of Suffolk Thorn), 556
Wilford, 581
Wilkinson, 581
Wilkinson, A., orig. of Wilkinson Winter, 581
Wilkinson, Jeremiah, orig. of Wilkinson, 581
Wilkinson Winter, 581
Willamette Valley, introduction of pear culture in, 54
Willermoz, 581
William, 581
_William Edwards_ (syn. of William), 581
William Prince, 582
Williams, orig. of Gansel Late Bergamot, 391; Gansel Seckel, 170; prop. of Bartlett, 125
Williams, Aaron Davis, orig. of Williams Early, 582
Williams, John, orig. of Chaumontel Swan Egg, 336; Pitmaston, 207
Williams, Mrs., orig. of Williams Double Bearing, 582
Williams, Theodore, orig. of Theodore Williams, 561
_Williams_ (syn. of Bartlett), 124
_Williams' Apothekerbirne_ (syn. of Bartlett), 124
_Williams' Bon Chrétien_ (syn. of Bartlett), 124
_Williams Christbirne_ (syn. of Bartlett), 124
Williams Double Bearing, 582
Williams Early, 582
Williams d'hiver, 582
Williams panachée, 582
_Williams Winter_ (syn. of Williams d'hiver), 582
Williamson, 582
Williamson, Nicholas, orig. of Williamson, 582
Willison, W., orig. of Queen Victoria, 515
Wilmington, 582
Windsor, 583
Winship, 583
Winship, Messrs., orig. of Winship, 583
Winslow, 583
Winter, 583
Winter Bartlett, 231
_Winter Bell_ (syn. of Pound), 208
_Winter Bon Chrétien_ (syn. of Angoisse), 248
_Winter Dechantsbirne_ (syn. of Easter Beurré), 159
Winter Doyenné, parent of Doyenné à Cinq Pans, 366
_Winter Eisbirne_ (syn. of Glace d'hiver), 397
Winter Jonah, 583
_Winter Meuris_ (syn. of Beurré d'Anjou), 127
Winter Nelis, 232; parent of Colmar Sirand, 344; Comptesse de Chambord, 347; Lycurgus, 454; Michaelmas Nelis, 471; Reeder, 211; place of, in commercial pear culture, 84
_Winter Oken_ (syn. of Oken), 485
_Winter Orange_ (syn. of Orange d'Hiver), 486
Winter Pear, 583
_Winter Pomeranzenbirne_ (syn. of Orange d'Hiver), 486
Winter Popperin, 584
Winter Rousselet, 584
Winter Seckel, 584
Winter Sweet Sugar, 584
_Winter Thorn_ (syn. of Épine d'Hiver), 377
Winter Williams, 584
Winterbirne, 584
Winterliebesbirne, 584
Winterrobine, 584
_Winterwunder_ (syn. of Petit-Oin), 496
Witte Princesse, 585
Witzthumb, orig. of Jean de Witte, 429
Wolfsbirne, 585
Woodberry, William, orig. of Rossney, 524
Woodbridge, orig. of Woodbridge Seckel, 585
Woodbridge Seckel, 585
Woodstock, 585
Worden, Schuyler, orig. of Worden Meadow, 585
Worden, Sylvester, orig. of Worden Seckel, 234
_Worden_ (syn. of Worden Seckel), 234
Worden Meadow, 585
Worden Seckel, 234
Wörlesbirne, 585
Wormsley Grange, 585
Wormy pear, cause of, 118
_Worster_ (syn. of Black Worcester), 310
_Wredow_ (syn. of Délices de Charles), 355
Wright, Zaccheus, orig. of Chelmsford, 336
Wurzer, 586
_Wurzer d'Automne_ (syn. of Wurzer), 586
Yat, 586
Yellow Huff-cap, 586
York, Mrs. Jeremiah, orig. of Pendleton Early York, 494
_York-précoce de Pendleton_ (syn. of Pendleton Early York), 494
Youngken, David, orig. of Youngken Winter Seckel, 586
Youngken, Josiah, orig. of Red Garden, 518
Youngken Winter Seckel, 586
Zache, 586
Zapfenbirn, 586
Zarskaja, 587
Zénon, 587
Zéphirin Grégoire, 587
Zéphirin Louis, 587
Zieregger Mostbirne, 587
Zimmtfarbige Schmalzbirne, 587
Zink Pfalzgrafenbirne, 587
Zoar Beauty, 588
Zoé, 588
_Züricher Zuckerbirne_ (syn. of Sucrée de Zurich), 555
_Zwibotzenbirne_ (syn. of Deux Têtes), 359
FOOTNOTES:
[1] _The Odyssey_, Book VII. Translated by S. H. Butcher and A. Lang.
[2] Pliny _Nat. Hist._ =XV=: 15. From a translation made for the writer by Professor H. H. Yeames; Hobart College, Geneva, N. Y.
[3] Goderonne: From godron, a sculptural ornament having the shape of an elongated egg.
[4] Cordus, Valerius _Hist. Pl._ =3=:176-182. 1561.
The writer is indebted to Professor H. H. Yeames, Hobart College, Geneva, N. Y., for the translation of this chapter from the original text.
[5] _A Hist. of Gard. in Eng._ 35-37. 1910.
[6] _Mass. Hist. Soc. Collections_ 1st Ser. =1=:118.
[7] _Mass. Records_ =1=:24.
[8] _Mass. Hist. Collections_ 3d Ser. =23=:337.
[9] _Hist. Mass. Hort. Soc._ p. 16. 1829-1878.
[10] _Report of Me. Pom. Soc._ =7=:1873.
[11] Prince, William _Cat._ 1771.
[12] For a brief account of the life and work of John Bartram, see _The Grapes of New York_, page 97.
[13] For an account of the life and work of Coxe, see _The Peaches of New York_, page 254.
[14] For an account of the life and work of Budd, see _The Plums of New York_, page 145.
[15] Rehder, Alfred _Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci_. =50=:228. 1915.
[16] Wilson, E. H. _Jour. Inter. Gar. Club 598._ 1918.
[17] Galloway, B. T. _Jour. Her._ 11:29. 1920.
[18] Rehder, Alfred _Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci._ =50=:237. 1915.
[19] Reimer, F. C. _Bull. Com. Hort. Calif._ =5=:167-172. 1916.
[20] Galloway, B. T. _Jour. Her._ =11=:32. 1920.
[21] Reimer, F. C. _Reprint from 1916 annual report of Pacific Coast Association of Nurserymen_, 7. 1916.
[22] Some very good preliminary work on harvesting and storing pears has been done by the Oregon Experiment Station, and is reported in Bulletin 154, June, 1918, from that Station.
[23] For costs and profits in growing apples see Bulletin 376, New York Agricultural Experiment Station.
[24] Hesler and Whetzel. _Manual of Fruit Diseases_ 330-331. 1917.
[25] Marshall P. Wilder contributed to all fields of American horticulture as an ardent amateur grower and as a most generous patron. But it was as a pomologist and especially as a grower of grapes and pears that he established a permanent place for himself in the horticulture of the country. He was born in New Hampshire in 1798 and died in Boston in 1886, having lived in Dorchester, a suburb of Boston, for upwards of a half century. By vocation a merchant, he was a captain of industry in his day, yet most of his life, especially after the prime had been passed, was devoted to the avocation of horticulture. He was one of the founders of the American Pomological Society and had the great honor of being its president, excepting a single two-year term, from the first meeting in 1850 until his death. During the last years of his presidency, Wilder actively engaged in the reform of pomological nomenclature which the Society was then carrying on. He was an active member of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society for fifty-six years and its president from 1841 to 1848. He was also one of the founders of the Massachusetts Board of Agriculture, of the Massachusetts Agricultural Society, of the United States Agricultural Society, and was a trustee of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Besides membership and activity in these agricultural organizations, he served as colonel and commander in a military company and as president of the New England Historic and Genealogical Society from 1868 until his death. Wilder was a zealous collector and introducer of flowers. He specialized in camellias, azaleas, orchids, and roses. A rose bearing his name is still a garden favorite. Many floral novelties of his day owe their origin or introduction to Marshall P. Wilder. He was ever enthusiastic over American grapes and tested all of the many new varieties introduced about the middle of the last century. But the pear was even more to his fancy than the grape, and he endeavored to grow every native variety of any promise whatsoever. All told, he tested over 1200 varieties, and in 1873 exhibited more than 400 varieties. He originated several new pears and to him is due the honor of having introduced the Beurre d'Anjou in 1844. At his death he left the American Pomological Society $1000 for Wilder medals for new fruits and $4000 for general purposes. To the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, he left $1000 to encourage the introduction of new American pears and grapes. Among many distinguished American pomologists who sought to improve the pear, Marshall P. Wilder deserves most of any recognition for his services and a place is therefore accorded him for his likeness in the frontispiece of _The Pears of New York_ and the book is thereby dedicated to him.
[26] The name is spelled by many writers Beurré d'Aremberg.
[27] General Henry Alexander Scammell Dearborn, who followed the vocation of a soldier, statesman, and author, chose as his avocation horticulture and in several of its fields became eminent. A native of New England (1783-1851), son of General Henry Dearborn of Revolutionary fame, he was early educated to the profession of law and pursued that vocation until the war with Great Britain in 1812. Services in this war brought him the rank and title of general. After the war he served as Collector of the Port of Boston, in Congress, and as Mayor of Roxbury, Massachusetts, which office he held at the time of his death. But it is as a patron, friend, and lover of horticulture that the life and work of General Dearborn interest pomologists. He was one of the charter members in the Massachusetts Horticultural Society and a prime mover in its organization. He was elected its first president March 17, 1829. In the history of the Society published in 1880, of all the famous members of this truly remarkable organization, General Dearborn's portrait was chosen for the frontispiece. He was early interested in experimental gardens and rural cemeteries. The plans for experimental gardens advocated by him were never fully carried out, but no doubt his enthusiasm for such gardens, with his own garden as a model, did much to stimulate the planting in America in the early half of the nineteenth century of the many famous gardens which adorned and enriched every center of culture along the Atlantic seaboard. He helped to establish the Mount Auburn and Forest Hills cemeteries, famous among Boston cemeteries, and the first of rural cemeteries in this country. His life-long devotion to rural art as exemplified in gardens and cemeteries knew no bounds. On these subjects and on pomology he contributed many articles to the agricultural and horticultural papers of his time. Few men, it can be said, could better concentrate their thoughts and feelings on paper than he seems to have done. Besides the many papers from his own pen he published several translated treatises from the French, chief of which was a monograph on the Camellia in 1838 and another on _Morus multicaulis_ in 1830, the "Mulberry Craze" being in full swing at this time. General Dearborn was an ardent pear-grower and helped to test the hundreds of seedlings then being brought from Belgium and France and grew as well considerable numbers from his own seed-beds. Of all his seedlings, however, only Dearborn survives.
[28] The fame of Robert Manning as an accurate and discriminating American pomologist will long endure. Few Americans, one conceives, as his life is reviewed, have rendered greater service in any field of the nation's agriculture. The quantity of his work was not remarkably large, but the quality was superfine. Systematic pomology in particular owes him much for his painstaking descriptions of fruits, and his corrections in nomenclature. Born in Salem, Mass., July 18, 1784, he made the town of his birth famous as a pomological center in America, where, at the time of his death, October 10, 1842, his garden probably contained a larger collection of fruits than had ever before been brought together in America. Manning began collecting fruits in 1823 when he established his "Pomological Garden" at Salem for the purpose of introducing and testing new varieties of fruits. He attempted to bring together all of the varieties of fruits that would thrive in eastern Massachusetts, and when his garden was fullest had about 2000 fruits, of which 1000 kinds were pears, to which fruit he gave most attention. He had many English, French, and Belgian correspondents from whom he received the most notable fruits grown in their countries. He is said to have had a most remarkable memory and could carry in mind the names, tree-habits, and qualities of any fruit he had ever seen and could identify it at sight. In whatever group of pomologists he chanced to be, his identifications and decisions on nomenclature were accepted as correct. Small wonder, therefore, that the _Book of Fruits_, published by Manning in 1838, at once took the place of authority for descriptions of tree-fruits and for such small-fruits, trees, and shrubs as the author described. It was the first, and is almost the only, American pomology in which the descriptions were all made with fruit in hand. The author intended this book to be the first of a series, but the books to follow never appeared. He was one of the founders of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society. Pear-growers are indebted to Manning for the work he did in testing the seedlings sent out by Van Mons, the famous Belgian breeder, most of whose pears came to American orchards through the agency of the Salem Pomological Garden. He also received and introduced valuable pears from the London Horticultural Society. His achievements mark Manning among the most notable American pomologists, of whom no other labored as devotedly for the attainment of better pears.
[29] Bernard S. Fox was a pioneer nurseryman and fruit-grower in California who gave much time to improving the pear through seedlings. During his stay of thirty years in the state of his adoption he was noted for his energy and enterprise in every industry that had to do with fruit-growing. Fox was an Irishman who came to America in 1848 and began work in the garden and nurseries of Hovey and Company of Boston. A few years later he emigrated with the gold-seekers to California where, shortly, he settled at San Jose as a nurseryman and fruit-grower. Eventually he became possessed of a considerable amount of land the increasing value of which made him a very wealthy man, and he took pleasure in being a patron of horticulture as well as a worker in its several fields. Early in his career at San Jose his interest was aroused in the production of new pears from seed. He was a most conscientious selecter and only the best survived in his orchards. He was at all times extremely anxious not to cumber the list of pears with worthless varieties. Out of a great number of seedlings, only three finally received his approval, P. Barry, Fox, and Colonel Wilder. All have high places in the pear lists of California and the United States, and do honor to an enthusiastic and painstaking breeder of pears. For many years before his death in July, 1880, he was the Vice President of the American Pomological Society for California. Bernard S. Fox was one of the first fruit-growers to bring fame to California, and Californians are justly proud of him.
[30] Peter Kieffer, a nurseryman of good reputation in his state, deserves pomological honors because of his keenness of vision in selecting for distribution the pear which bears his name. Few men would have recognized merit in the seedling from which the Kieffer pear came. Peter Kieffer was born in Alsace in 1812, whence he emigrated to America in 1834. In Europe he had worked for twelve years in the garden of the King of France and upon his arrival in America sought employment as a gardener which he found on the estate of James Gowen at Mt. Airy, near Philadelphia. In 1853 he started a small nursery at Roxborough, a short distance from Philadelphia. Much of his stock was imported from Europe, most of which came from Van Houtte, the famous Belgian nurseryman. From Van Houtte, Kieffer obtained seeds of the Chinese Sand pear from which came the Kieffer pear as described in the history of the variety. As a token of his faith in his new variety, Kieffer planted an orchard of this pear, some of the trees of which still live and bear. Peter Kieffer died in 1890, having made an important contribution to horticulture even though the variety sent out by him is far from perfect and has been much over-praised and over-planted.
[31] Patrick Barry, one of the founders of the firm of Ellwanger and Barry, whose Mount Hope Nurseries at Rochester, New York, were long of national and international reputation, was born in Belfast, Ireland, in 1816 and died in Rochester, N. Y., in 1890. Besides contributing to the fame of the nursery company he helped to found, Barry was for many years one of the leading pomological editors and authors of the country. New York, especially western New York, is greatly indebted to George Ellwanger and Patrick Barry for the horticultural services of their firm. It is not an exaggeration to say that they introduced fruit-growing in western New York, a region now famous for its fruits. So, also, the parks and home grounds of the many beautiful cities, towns, and villages in western New York are adorned and enriched by ornamental trees, shrubs and vines from the nurseries of Ellwanger and Barry. Patrick Barry came to America in 1836 and with George Ellwanger founded the Mount Hope Nurseries in 1840. Here for a half century he devoted himself to the introduction and distribution of fruit and out-of-door ornamental plants. In the early life of the nursery company many importations were made from Europe and at a time when there were no railroads, telegraph wires, nor ocean steamboats. It was during this early period that the Mount Hope Nurseries began the importation of pears and soon built up one of the largest collections in the country and one which was maintained long after the famous collections farther east had disappeared. At one time or another over 1000 varieties of pears were tested on the grounds of this nursery. For a half century, fruit-growers have studied with pleasure and profit the exhibits of pears made by Ellwanger and Barry at the State and National exhibitions of note. From 1844 to 1852, Patrick Barry edited _The Genesee Farmer_, one of the best agricultural papers of its day and succeeded A. J. Downing in the editorship of _The Horticulturist_ which he brought to Rochester in 1855 where it was published until 1887. Barry's _Treatise on the Fruit-Garden_ appeared in 1851 and at once became one of the most popular books on pomology. In 1872 the "Treatise" was rewritten and published as _Barry's Fruit Garden_. Another notable work of which he was author was _The Catalogue of Fruits of the American Pomological Society_ which was compiled by him. Patrick Barry was one of the founders of the Western New York Horticultural Society, for many years the leading horticultural organization of the continent, and of which he was president for more than thirty years. Patrick Barry ranks with Coxe, Kenrick, the Downings, Warder, Eliot, and Thomas as a great leader in pomology of the time in which he lived.
William Crawford Barry, son of Patrick Barry of the preceding sketch, was born in Rochester, New York, in 1847. As a boy he attended parochial schools at Rochester and at Seton Hall, South Orange, New Jersey. As a young man he studied in Berlin, Heidelberg, and the University of Louvain in Belgium. Upon returning to America he took a position in a seed house in New York that he might have practical knowledge of the seed business to bring to the firm of Ellwanger and Barry of which he was soon to become a member. After serving an apprenticeship in the seed business he returned to Rochester to enter the firm which his father and George Ellwanger had founded. From the time of entrance in this company he took a prominent part in its affairs, and for many years before his death, December 12, 1916, he was president of the corporation. Of his horticultural activities, he may be said to have been an organizer and promotor--one of the captains in the industry. For twenty-six years he was president of the Western New York Horticultural Society, having succeeded his father to this office. He was the first president of the American Rose Society, and in 1882 was president of the Eastern Nurserymen's Association. For three years he was president of the Board of Control of the New York Agricultural Experiment Station. He helped to establish and took a leader's part in developing the parks of Rochester which have made that city famous among lovers of landscapes. Highland Park was almost a creation of the firm of Ellwanger and Barry. In 1888 the firm gave the city twenty acres of land adjoining the Highland reservoir as the first step in establishing a park system for Rochester. Mr. Barry was chairman of the committee of the park board having in charge Highland Park from the creation of the board until the year before his death when it passed out of existence. Besides these horticultural activities, Mr. Barry was either president or an officer in six banks and trust companies in Rochester. His was a commanding figure in the horticulture of New York. No one attending the meetings of the Western New York Horticultural Society during the twenty-six years he was president can forget Mr. Barry. His knowledge in every division of horticulture, his devotion to grape and pear culture, his genial manner and pleasant greeting to all members, and his force and tact as a presiding officer fitted him so preëminently well for the place that he was unopposed for the presidency during twenty-six terms following the death of his father and until his death.
George Ellwanger, one of the founders and thereafter until his death one of the partners in the Mount Hope Nurseries, Rochester, New York, was born in Germany in 1816 and died in Rochester, New York, in 1906. He came to the United States in 1835, having been educated as a horticulturist in Stuttgart, although possibly the training he received throughout his youth from his father, a grower of grapes and fruits, taught him most, for Ellwanger often said that it was from his father that he acquired his love of horticulture and was by him persuaded to devote his life to the vocation of nurseryman. Ellwanger settled in Rochester in 1839, and the next year joined with Patrick Barry in forming the nursery and seed firm of Ellwanger and Barry, calling their place of business "Mount Hope Nurseries." Ellwanger was one of the founders of the American Pomological Society, and of the Western New York Horticultural Society and throughout his life took an active interest in both organizations. Mr. Ellwanger had large business interests in Rochester and western New York and helped most materially to develop the city and the country about. His chief contributions to horticulture were made through the Mount Hope Nurseries, the influence of which is briefly set forth in the sketch of the life of Patrick Barry.
[32] Henry Waggoman Edwards, at one time Governor of Connecticut, was a pioneer American pear breeder credited with making the first systematic attempt to grow new pears in this country. He was a grandson of the eminent theologian, Jonathan Edwards, was born at New Haven, Conn., in 1779, graduated at Princeton College in 1797, studied law at the Litchfield School and almost immediately entered into public life shortly to become prominent and famous in state and nation. He served Connecticut with honors as its Governor, and in the nation he distinguished himself as Representative in the House from Connecticut, Speaker of the House and as Senator. But it is as a pomologist that his career is of concern to the reader. Always interested in pomology, and no doubt especially interested in pears through the spectacular work of Van Mons, he planted pear seeds in the fall of 1817 with the aim of obtaining new and superior varieties of this fruit. Great success did not attend his attempts at pear breeding, but Governor Edwards made a start in work which Manning, Wilder and a score of others were to carry forward with more striking results. Out of many seedlings, at least five were named and were grown for a longer or shorter time by the pear-growers of a century ago. These are Elizabeth, Calhoun, Dallas, Henrietta and Citron, all described among the minor varieties of this text. While hardly to be considered among the foremost pomologists of the country, Governor Edwards is in the front rank of the lesser men whose combined work has done so much to give weight and impulse to American pomology.
Transcriber's Notes:
Words surrounded by _ are italicized.
Words surrounded by = are bold.
In this e-text, [vC] represents a capital letter C with a diacritical mark caron (v-shaped symbol) above it.
Illustrations were relocated to correspond to their references in the text.
Obvious printer errors corrected and inconsistent spellings have been kept, including inconsistent use of hyphen (e.g. "after-flavor" and "after flavor"), accents (e.g. "Müskirte" and "Muskirte"), capitalisation (e.g. "Nec plus Meuris" and "Nec Plus Meuris"), and proper names (e.g. "Luxemburg" and "Luxembourg").
Index entries that do not match their referenced text corrected (except where the text is an obvious printer error) and if necessary moved to the correct position according to alphabetical order, e.g. "Langstielege Zuckerbirne" corrected to be "Langstielige Zuckerbirne". Index entries that refer to non-existent text have been deleted.
Page 247, word "it" removed from sentence "...though it it seems...."
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