Part 46

Cuttle-fish, 234

Cuvier, on the Pentateuch, 9

Cybele, her repugnance to garlic, 81

“ patroness of the pine, 95

Cythnus, renowned for cheese, 174

Dalmatia, its brine, 269

Damascus plum trees, 105

Dampier, his opinion of the phenicopter, 201

Daphne, its thrushes, 197

Dapiferi, servants, 377

Darioles, a kind of pastry, 292

Dates, from Judea; how preserved; various preparations; honey from the dates, 101

Dauphin of France, his style of living in the 14th century, 348

Death of Vatel, 215

Decapolis, its olives, 98

Décimer, or Décimheure, dinner, 349

Decree of Apronianus, 130

Deer, 184

“ à la Marcellus, 185

Defrutum, boiled wine, 326

Denarius, inclosed within a truffle (Roman), 279

Dessert, 394

Diamond, a fish, 237

Diana, taught Chiron, 179

Dies epulatæ, festivals, 290

Digestive garum, 272

“ salts, 269

Dill, its properties, 88

Dining-room, its decoration, 363

“ of Nero, 364

Dinner, 342, 344, 349

“ served to T. Quintus, 136

“ of the Jews, 342

Diogenes, his earthen vase, 327

Diomus kills an ox, 125

Diphilus fond of cherries, 102

Diploma, double vase, 262

Dishes of the ancients, 261

“ thirty thousand, at a banquet, 352

Dispensator, steward, 376

Distribution of wheat, 21

“ of oil, 99

“ of pork-meat, 130

Dodine sauce, 258

Dog, a relishing dish, 150

“ nailed to a cross, 151

“ trained by Pollux, 179

“ names of hunting dogs; their qualities, 180

Dolia, wine vessels, 327

Dolphins, 215

Dolyres, a kind of bread, 33

Domingo Coffee (St.), 310

Domitian, his turbot, 224

Dorio, a wit, 225

“ an epicure, 226

Dormice, how prepared, 390

Doubliers, table-cloths, 375

Dove, an emblem of sweet virtues, 162

Dragon-weaver, 237

Dressers, in the middle ages, 365

Drinking, 383

“ in Roman banquets, 392

“ to the good genius, 396

“ cups, 316

“ horns, 318

Druids, their respect for the oak, 24

Drunkards among the ancients, 316

Drusus fond of brocoli, 69

“ favourite starling, 200

“ daughter, and the sea-eels, 214

Duck, an antidote; its flesh; sacrificed to Neptune; from Bœotia; served on good tables, 158

“ parts offered; brains à l’Epicurienne; seasoning, 159

Dulce wine, 330

Dumplings of Athens, 85

Dutertre, his opinion of the phenicopter, 201

Eagles, distribution of, 412

Easter eggs, 178

Eaters of renown, 340

Eau-bénite sauce, 258

Echansons, 378

Echaudé bread, 39

Eclectic appetite, 255

Eden, garden of, 9

Edgar, a destroyer of wolves (King), 181

Ediles of Rome, 355

Edward the Confessor, fond of hunting, 181

“ his sumptuary laws, 350

Eel, worshipped in Egypt; esteemed by the Greeks; by the Sybarites; despised by the Romans; noticed by Apicius; how prepared; sacrificed to the Gods; how served; its enemies; served at Rockingham’s banquet, 227

“ its fabulous length, 213, 228

Eel-pout, its liver, 229

“ its reputation, 213

Eggs, 168

“ venerated by some philosophers, 175

“ primitive; when served; cooked without fire; seen in dreams; symbol of the universe; carried with pomp, 176

“ soft boiled; à la Romaine; à l’Epænète; à l’Athénienne; à la Macédonienne; aux Roses, 177

“ pudding; red, 178

“ cooked on the spit, 258

“ Easter, 178

Egypt, the granary of the empire, 12

“ supplied the best vinegar, 278

Egyptians abhorred the pig, 134

“ esteemed the ox, 142

“ their veneration for the kid, 148

“ fond of fish, 211

“ their respect for the sea-eel, 222

“ for water, 293

“ consumed a great deal of bread, 340

“ wreaths, 394

Elephant, its flesh; its feet; trunk, 191

“ dancing elephants; à la Troyenne, 192

Elizabeth, fond of geese (Queen), 159

Emphractum, an Apician dish, 242

Endive, differently appreciated; curative qualities, 75

“ how prepared, 76

Entrails of the scarus, 224

“ of the tunny-fish, 225

Entremets, 383, 385

Epicurean dish in the olden times, 351

Epicurus, 400

Epimeletes, a Greek magistrate, 129

Erichthonius, king of Athens, 125

Eschalots, by whom discovered, 82

Escharites, a kind of bread, 33

Etiquette in the 16th century, 353

Eumenes encouraged the rearing of pigs (King), 136

Exeter banquet, 410

Exhibition of 1851, 16, 402

Extravagance Culinaire, 406

Falcon, 194

Falernian wine, 329

Fannius, the consul, 381

Fare, bills of, 404, 405, 409

Fattening of poultry, 154

“ of geese, 161

“ of turkeys, 165

Feast in honour of Ceres, 356

Feathered game, 193

Feathers thrown before the door, 358

Fécule, flour, 22

Feeding of cattle, 128

“ of clerks in the 16th century, 348

Fennel used to restore the sight, 88

Festival of St. Ulric, 215

Fête of the distribution of eagles, 412

Fig-pecker, how prepared, 201

Fig-tree dear to Bacchus, 95

“ a tree of Eden, 112

“ planted at Athens, 113

“ varieties; brought war on Attica, 114

Figs, abounded in Canaan, 112

“ exportation interdicted; an article of trade in Jerusalem; valued by the Hebrews; food of the athletæ; favourite food of Plato; of Attica; served to Persian kings, 113

“ noticed by Cato; planted in the forum; food for entire armies, 114

“ how served, 115

Filbert, 120

File-fish, 237

Fillet of pork à la Béotienne, 139

Fish permitted to the Jews, 210

“ served to Queen Gatis; despised by the heroes of Homer, 211

“ Athenian law on, 212

“ disliked by the Britons, 214

Fish, of two hundred cubits, 213

“ mania, 214

“ prepared in the shape of game; its consumption in former times; its vogue under Louis XIV., 215

“ ponds, 220

“ hooks, 249

“ preservation of; piscinæ on the roofs of houses, 250

Fishermen, 249

Fishing, 249

Fishmongers of Athens, 212

“ supplying royal tables, 215

Flabellarii, servants, 377

Flamingo’s tongue, 200

“ little known in Europe, 201

Flesh most in fashion in the age of Homer, 125

Flocks of the patriarchs, 127

“ of the eastern nations, 146

Flounder, 237

Flour, its manipulation, 30

Flowers used by the guests, 383

“ spread over the table, 389

Focarii, stokers, 378

Fontainebleau, its orange tree, 112

Fontenelle, his answer to Madame Helvétius, 381

Food, primitive, 345

“ animal, 123

Forks, 263

Fornax, a goddess, 34

Forum pistrinum, the bread market, 37

Fountains of the ancients, 294

“ in dining-rooms, 366

“ spouting various liquors, 367, 385

Fowls flavoured at will, 161

Fox, 190

Francis I., how cured, 169

Francis of Paulo introduces a pear (St.), 107

Fraternity of free-livers, 270

French wine, its price in England, 338

Fricatores, servants, 387

Fritters, 285

Frogs had no repute among the ancients; in fashion in Paris; eaten in Germany; disdained in England, 249

Fruits, the primitive food; Hebrew legislation; how eaten, 95

“ how preserved, 96

“ when served, 96, 97

Fruit-trees on the house tops, 96

Frumenta, 41

Funereal banquet, 357

Furfuraceus panis, a sort of bread, 38

Furrows, their length, 18

Gala of the pagan pontiffs, 356

Galactophagists, drinkers of milk, 168

Galba’s breakfast, 257

“ gastronomic profusion, 341

Galen, his opinion of the pear, 107

Game, feathered, 193

“ its preservation, 194

“ fabulous expenses for, 207

“ abundant in Ithaca, 339

“ permitted to the Hebrews, 193

Gardening in Great Britain, 17

“ known at an early period, 59

Gardens, of Babylon; of Alcinous; Roman, 59

Garlic, a god in Egypt; a military food; given to cocks; used by countrymen; proscribed by a King of Castile, 81

“ its virtues; how to render it milder, 82

Garoe, a curious tree, 298

Garos, a shrimp, 270

Garum, 213, 269

“ sociorum; 236, 270

“ obtained from anchovies, 240

“ procured from Spain, 243

“ its price; from shrimps; from mackerel; of the allies; from tunny-fish; from the red mullet, 270

“ from saxatile fish; its preparation; used as a seasoning; from various animals, 271

“ its modifications; digestive, 272

“ used in Turkey, 273

Garus, a shrimp, 270

Gastronomy, where it has flourished, 126

“ the offspring of appetite and sensuality, 210

“ promotes friendship, 402

Gatis, Queen of Syria, 211

Gaul, renowned for hams, 137

Gauls, enticed by the figs of Italy, 114

Geese, saved the Capitol, 151

“ appreciated by the ancients; their prudence; honoured by the Britons, 159

“ kept in the Capitol; a symbol of safety; fattening, 160, 161

Gelatine sauce, 258

Gellia, anecdote of, 189

George IV., his coronation banquet, 408

Geta’s banquet, 126

“ alphabetical dishes, 257

Getes, drinkers of milk, 168

Gills of mullets, 219

Ginger, 92

“ bread, 40

“ known to the ancients, 285

Gladiators, fighting to amuse the guests, 396

Globi, a kind of pastry, 288

Gloucestershire, renowned for its wines, 336

Goat, killed by Bacchus, 124

Gold-fish, how dressed; gave its name to Sergius, 230

Golden age, dietetic of the, 124

“ apples, 109

Gods of the sea, 294

Gonesse, bread of, 39

Goose’s liver, 160, 161

Goose à la Gauloise; served on Michaelmas day, 161

Gorgor introduces honey into Spain, 273

Goslings, in repute among the Greeks, 159

“ how fattened, 160

Gourd, brought from India; how prepared and preserved; from Antioch, 66

Grain, spread on the furrows, 14

Grains, 46

Granada, its olives, 98

Granatum, pomegranate, 122

“ wine, 331

Granea, how prepared, 20

Grapes, offered to Bacchus, 95

“ served on the Roman tables, 325

“ preserved, 325

Grass, a primitive seat, 368

Grasshoppers, 265, 390

Greek-nut, 117

Greeks, fond of agriculture, 11

“ their cattle-markets, 128

“ eat dogs, 151

“ laid the foundation of Ichthyophagy, 211

Grinding of corn, 23

Grinding-stones, by whom invented, 24, 25

“ used by ancient nations, 25

Grindstones, of porous lava, 28

Gruel, of the Romans, 33, 34

Gudgeon, 238

“ when served; seasoning, 239

Guests, 368

“ their places, 372

“ their number, 381

Guinea hen, native place; à la Numide, 163

“ sacrificed to Caligula, 165

Guiseau, a kind of eel, 228

Haddock, served with pomp, 236

Halec, a kind of brine, 240

Hall, atrium, 376

Hall-keeper, atriensis, 376

Halmades, a kind of olives, 98

Hams, when served, 137

Hand-mills, 25

Hare, how prepared; forbidden to the Jews; abounded in Greece, 188

Hare’s down used for couches, 373

Haricots, introduced by Alexander, 55

“ when served, 56

Harold, the British Nimrod (King), 182

Hazel-nut, 120

Healths, how drank, 383, 393, 394

Hebrews, their cattle-markets, 128

“ their use of wine, 323

Hedgehog, 190

Heliogabalus, fond of pheasants, 195

“ thrushes and ostrichs’s brains, 199, 204

“ was served with gills of mullets, 219

“ gorged the pheasants with an expensive delicacy, 221

“ his couches, 373

“ his childish espiégleries, 373

“ biography, 400

Hempseed, 48

Hen of Numidia, 163

Henry I. of England, his death, 222

Hens, proscribed by C. Fannius, 154

“ aviaries; inauspicious cackling; feeding, 155, 156

“ worshipped, 175

“ of Adria; eggs, 177

Hercules, the patron of butchers, 129

“ a powerful hunter, 179

“ resuscitated by a quail, 196

Heroes of Homer, fond of animal food, 126

“ their culinary talents, 253

Heron, 193, 194

Herring, unknown to the ancients; caught on the coast of Scotland; sold by the Dutch, 239

“ how preserved, 240

Hesperides apples, 109

Hippocrates, prejudiced against beans, 53

Hippolochus, a defender of quails, 197

Hirpinus’s park, 181

“ fish-ponds, 243

Hirtius, celebrated for his fish-ponds, 220

“ his sea-eels, 221

Hirundo esculenta, sea-swallow, 205

Hog à la Troyenne, 136

Homer, his heroes, 126

“ his poem in favour of thrushes, 197

Honey, discovered by Aristæus; its qualities; introduced into Spain; recommended by Pythagoras; produced by the air; by flowers, 273

“ by reeds; from Attica; when served; seasoning, 374

“ obtained from dates, 101

Honeyed wine, 131

Hôpital, prohibits the sale of pies (Chancelier de l’), 290

Horace, fond of parsley, 83

“ peacocks, 176

Hordeum, barley, 20

Horns, used for cups, 318

Hors-d’œuvre, 381

Horse-radish despised; various sorts; preparation of the seed, 80

“ spoils the teeth, 81

“ its properties, 80, 81

Horses, trained by Castor, 179

Hortensius, the first who served a peacock, 167

“ his park, 181

“ wept over the death of a fish, 214

Hospitality, described by Apollodorus, 355

“ of the English aristocracy, 384

Hot-houses, known to the ancients, 94

“ wine, 393

Hunting, its antiquity, 179

“ of the ancients, 180

“ permitted by the Roman law; in England, 181, 182

Hydromel, 304

Hydromelon, 305

Hydrorosatum, 305

Hyperbius, son of Mars, 124

Hypotrimma, a stomachic condiment, 272

Hyssop, its virtues, 88, 89

“ wine, 334

Ibrahim Pacha, entertained by the Reform Club, 408

Ice, how obtained; from the Alps; ice-houses, 295

Iced beverages, 296

Ichthyophagy, 210

“ of the Greeks; of the Romans, 208

Ichthyophilists, 212

Imperial sausages, 141

Incrustations, for tables, 368

Indolent appetite, 255

Innkeepers, 336

Intoxication, not unfashionable with the ancients, 317

“ in the middle ages, 337

“ punished in France, 337, 338

Invitation to dinner, 387

Irrigation of gardens, 59

Israelites, fed on quails, 196

“ their public repasts, 346

Ivory tables, 394

James I. and lamb’s fleece, 182

Janus planted the vine in Italy, 323

Jews, devoted to agriculture, 10

“ abstained from the pig, 134

“ “ hare, 188

Judea, its fertility, 12

“ produced excellent dates, 101

Jugglers, 384, 395

Jupiter, his stratagem against the Gauls, 33

“ suckled by a sow, 134

Jus Nigrum, black sauce, of Lacedæmon, 252

Keneffes, German, 258

Kervynge, the Booke of, 370

Kid, venerated by the Egyptians; a favourite dish with the Hebrews; the Greeks; of Attica, 148

“ Sicily; Tivoli; various preparations, 149

King of the banquet, 383

Kirschen-wasser, 103

Kitchen, ancient remains, 259

“ description, 260

“ in the middle ages, 353

Kitchen-garden, 59

Knives, 264

Ladies, fond of oysters (Roman), 244

“ forbidden to drink wine, 332

Lady of the lamb, 148

Lamb, offered in sacrifice; Paschal, 146

“ a luxury; in repute among the ancients; various preparations, 147

Lamprey, dried up by the sun; stops a vessel; its high price, 222

“ killed in Candian wine; how prepared, 223

“ compared to quails, 224

Lares, household gods, 390

Lark, 207

Latona, presented with leeks, 77

Leaven, known to the Jews, 31

“ how used by the Greeks, 33

“ different kinds, 36

Lecticarii, servants, 378

Leek, an Egyptian divinity; cured numerous diseases; how prepared; how to make them acquire an extraordinary size; they are offered to Latona, 77

Legislation, concerning the Roman slaves, 209

Lemon tree, its origin, 109

“ received from Persia, 110

“ used for tables and beds, 110, 368

Lemons, considered as a counter-poison; how preserved; lemon-peel, a digestive, 110

Lentils, etymology; known to the Hebrews; appreciated by the Egyptians; by the Greeks; not in high repute with the Romans; supposed to soften the temper, 57

“ an ill-omened food; a funereal vegetable, 58

Lesbos wine, 328

Lettuce, eaten by the Hebrews; its narcotic virtue; irrigated with wine; served with eggs, 74

“ how prepared, 75

Le Vaillant, his opinion of the elephant’s feet and trunk, 191

Libations, 390

Libum, a sort of cake, 287

Liburnian oil, 100

Licinian law respecting cattle, 127

“ concerning the Roman diet, 51

Licinius Muræna, 220

Lighting of the ancients, 366

Linseed, 48

Liqueur wine, 332, 334

List of the repast, 264

Liver of the red mullet, 213

Livia and the sorceress, 176

“ fond of good wine, 332

Livio contrived to fatten peacocks, 167

Loach, how dressed in Italy, 238

Loaves, Roman, 37

Lobster, a favourite dish, 247

“ how prepared, 248

Loligo, how served, 237

Louis XI imprisons blackbirds, 199

“ XIV., his public repasts, 349

“ his dinners, 350

“ suppers, 350

Lucanian sausages, 138, 140

Lucrinus, a lake renowned for its fish, 243

Lucullian ham, 139

Lucullus, introduced the cherry tree, 102

“ his park, 181

“ fed thrushes, 199

“ brought up the sea to his gardens, 213

“ his ambigu to Cicero and Pompey, 257, 348

Lupin, used for cattle, 47

“ etymology, 48

Lutatian cherry, 103

Luxury of the Romans, 356

Lycurgus commanded little children to fast, 252

“ destroyed the vines of Lacedæmon, 323

Lysimachus, his tax on salt, 267

Macédoine Germanique of milk, 170

Macedonia, its giant pigs, 136

“ of chickens, 157

Macedonian pork, 138

Mackerel, 235

“ its dangerous appetite; supplied a sort of garum, 236, 270

“ appreciated by the ancients, 236

“ etymology, 235

“ furnished a valuable brine, 213

Madidus panis, a sort of cosmetic, 38

Mecænas introduced the flesh of the ass, 150

Magiric science, its beginnings, 123

Mahomedans abstain from the pig, 134

Majordomo, 260

Mallows, their properties; in high renown; among the ancient acetaria; how prepared; served as a salad, 64

Mamertinum wine, 329

Manlius, his trick with the Gauls, 33

Manure, Greek and Roman, 14

“ obtained from thrushes, 198

Maple, used for tables, 368

Maragnon cocoa, 313

Mares’ milk cheese, 173

Marionettes with the ancients, 395

Marjoram wine (wild), 333

Markets, 128

Market-bell, 212

Marl, used as manure, 14

Martinique coffee, 310

Mary Stuart’s supper, 383

Mauviette, a species of lark, 207

Meals, their number, 342

Meat, preserved without salt, 131

“ sold by mication, 129

“ given by guests to their servants, 394

Median apples, 109

Mediastini, servants, 387

Megalartus, taught to knead flour, 32

Meilleraye, his bill for vinegar (Duke de La), 278

Meleager, mourned by turkeys, 164

Meleagrides, turkeys, 164

Melitates, a sort of pastry, 33, 285

Mellona, the protectress of bees, 273

Melon, 77

“ from Asia; perfumed by the Greeks; appreciated in Rome; how to render it milder; its Hygienic qualities; how prepared; brought from Italy, 78

Mercury was presented with milk, 169

Merenda, 343

Mication, used for the sale of meat, 129

Michaelmas day, goose served at dinner, 161

Michaux, a botanist, 19

“ brought peas into repute, 56

Miletus, the inventor of grinding-stones, 25

Milk, 168

“ a primitive food, 123

“ an emblem of fertility; the principal food of several nations, 168

“ offered to Ceres; to Mercury; its qualities, 169

“ Macédoine Germanique of, 170

“ mixed with coffee, 312

Millers, their festival (Roman), 26

Millet, 43

“ used for making cakes, 20

Millium, millet, 20

Mills introduced to Rome, 25

“ of the ancients; hydraulic mills; mentioned by Vitruvius, 27

“ where invented; constructed by Belisarius; description; known in England, 28

“ wind-mills, 29

Milo, a notorious eater, 143, 339

Minerva, the patroness of the olive tree, 95

“ produced the olive tree, 97

Minos, his sumptuary laws, 346

Mint, formerly a young girl; prevented milk from curdling, 90

“ wine, 333

Minturnæ, the retreat of Apicius, 247

Mirabelle plums, 105

Misor taught the art of seasoning, 267

Mithœcus, a magiric writer, 254

Mithridates cultivated the cherry tree, 102

“ his antidote, 119

“ his opinion of the duck, 158

Mocha coffee, 310

Mola, a goddess, 25, 26

Monsieur, plums of, 105

Morel, a sort of mushroom, 282

Moretaria, a stomachic condiment, 272

Mortars, used to pound the grain, 24, 25

Mosaic law, concerning cattle, 127

Moses, promoted agriculture, 11, 322

Mostecham sauce, 258

Mountebanks enlivening the banquets, 344

Moût sauce, 258

Mugil, how dressed, 235

Mulberry tree, its wisdom; a native of Canaan; its juice and wine, 116

Mullet, red, 218

“ killed on the table, 213, 218

“ in brine, 213

“ anecdote of Philoxenus, 218

“ how cooked; its price, 218

“ its liver and head; weight, 219

Mulsum wine, cure for head-ache, 331

Muræna, sea-eel, 208

“ dear to Hortensius, 214

Murrhine vases, 319

Muria, brine; dura; a convivial punishment, 269

Muses, protected the palm-tree, 95, 100

Mushrooms, the dish of the gods; their poisonous effects; relished by the ancients, 282

“ how they are grown, 283

Musicians, symphoniaci, 389

Mussels, praised by the ancients, served to the gods; how seasoned, 245

Mustaceum of the Romans, 286

Mustard, 46

“ etymology, 46, 47

“ a remedy against venomous serpents, 46

Myrrhinum wine, 331

Myrtites wine, 305

Myrtle wine, 334

Napkins used by the ancients, 375

Naples, its good cheer, 126

Napoleon I., his coronation banquet, 407

Nero’s iced water, 305

“ dining-room, 363

“ he sets fire to Rome, 369

“ biographical note, 399

Nestor’s cup, 317

Nets, 249

New year eggs, 178

Nicolas of Damascus, his dates, 101

Nicomachus and his estate, 177

Nicomedes and his cook, 44, 45

Noisettes, hazel nuts, 120

Nomenculatores, servants, 377

Northumberland (Duke of), his munificence, 408

Nougat of the ancients, 285

Numidian chicken, 157

Nut-tree, 120

“ nuts of Jupiter; Persian, 118

“ of Heraclea, 120

Oak, supplied a primitive food, 24

Oatmeal, relished by the ancients, 43

Oats, 42

“ appreciated by the Germans, 20

“ oat soup; oat cream, 42

Obsonator, servant, 260, 377

Œnanthinum wine, 335

Œnogarum, 73

Officers appointed to watch over the water, 294

Oil, abounded in the East; used by the Patriarchs, 97

“ the best; its price in Rome, 98

“ served to Julius Cæsar; used at the baths; distribution of oil, 99

“ Liburnian oil, 100

“ of almonds, 117

“ of chestnuts, 121

Oil-mills, invented by Aristæus, 97

Olive-tree, 96

“ discovered by Minerva; its pre-eminence; used for various emblems, 97

“ cultivated by the Jews; in Greece, 98

Olives, preserved by the Hebrews; of Andalusia; of Granada; cultivation, 98

“ when served, 99

Olla, a Spanish dish, 258

Olympian pig’s liver, 140

Omphacomeli, a beverage, 305

Onions, brought into Greece; how prepared; with honey, 76

Orach, its pernicious properties, 87

Orange-tree, its native place; introduced by the Portuguese; unknown to the Romans, 111

“ stuck with cloves, 112

Orchius, the Tribune, 381

Organs of the Romans, 389

Orpheus and the primitive egg, 176

Ortolans, sent to Rome, 203

Oryza, rice, 20

Osiris, the inventor of agriculture, 9

“ introduced the plough into Egypt, 12

Ostiarius, porter, 376

Ostrich, fatted and salted, 203

“ served on some tables; dish of ostrich’s brains; eggs; a friandise, 204

Otranto, the palm tree of, 100

Ovens, used by the Jews, 31

“ near the hand-mills, 33

“ first built in Rome, 34

“ portable, 35

Ox, sacrificed by Prometheus, 124

“ offered to Jupiter; devouring a sacred cake, 125

“ roasted whole, 142, 410

“ an emblem of agriculture; its image on coins; offered to pugilists, 142

“ its flesh permitted to the Hebrews; praised by Hippocrates; price of, 143

“ highly valued by the Romans, 145

“ care taken of; tracing a furrow, 14

“ sacrificed to Bubona, 128

Oxycrat, a military drink, 304

Oxymel, 304

Oxyporon, a seasoning, 274

Oysters, uncommon in ancient times; served to the pagan pontiffs; their price, 242

“ preserved fat and alive; sent to Trajan; when served in Greece; often served raw; how fattened, 343

“ how dressed; from the Atlantic ocean; from Bordeaux; how preserved; pickled; forgotten for a long period, 244

Palatine broil, 147

Pales, 128

Palestine, renowned for its wines, 322

Palladius cultivated the lemon tree, 110

Palm-tree, consecrated to the Muses, 95, 100

“ of Otranto, 100

“ its usefulness, 101

“ supplied the schecar, 100

Pan, 31

Pandarus, exempt from indigestions, 251

Panic-grass, 43

“ a favourite dish, 20

Panis, bread; etymology, 31, 32

Parasites, 382, 388

“ their place in banquets, 380

Parks, 180

Parrot-fish, 223

Parsley given as a prize, 82

“ its origin; culinary preparation; a symbol of mourning, 83

Parsley, the food of chargers; a favourite plant with Horace; sung by Anacreon, 83

“ seed wine, 333

Parthian chicken, 157

Partridges, 195

“ their price; the best parts; their fights, 196

“ feathers used for couches, 373

“ eggs, 177

Paschal lamb, 146

Passum wine, 330