Part 40

We cannot terminate this rapid sketch, without mentioning that, after several years of research in compiling this work, we completed our task on the day following that on which her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen of England offered the largest royal banquet since her accession to the throne, to an assembly of kings, queens, and princes, and the flower of the British aristocracy, consisting of a hundred and twenty guests, on the occasion of the baptism of his Royal Highness Prince Leopold George Duncan Albert. This regal entertainment took place on the 28th of June, and never, perhaps, did the august sovereign display so much magnificence and majesty. We shall not publish the details of this imposing banquet; and, moreover, we should inform our readers of nothing new, were we to tell them of the artistical selection, execution, and perfection of the bill of fare,--of the richness of the ornaments and service,--of the royal and feminine gracefulness of the mother, wife, and queen. “May Heaven grant,” say we, in the words of the immortal Bossuet, “that the children of this illustrious princess, like a crown of olive saplings, may cling round her, and grow in virtue, strength, and renown; may the Ruler of empires throw a halo round the destiny of the august mother, and show to all that His mighty hand upholds thrones and protects kings!”

FOOTNOTES:

[A] This lemon-tree wood was a species more precious and more beautiful than that which we now possess.

[B] See Plate XXVIII., p. 378, for the triclinium.

[C] Cup, or _crater_, used by the Greeks and Romans at their repasts, made either of gold, silver, or earthenware (terra cotta).--HAMILTON, “_Herculaneum_.”

[D] See Plate XXX., No. 4.

[E] The following descriptions of various banquets and bills of fare are here introduced, in the anticipation that in after years they may prove interesting, and induce, for the future, culinary artists to enlarge and preserve those magiric archives.

[F] For the general illustration of the banquet, see the “_Illustrated London News_,” of November 2nd, 1850.

[G] See page 406.

[H] While thus hastily enumerating some modern banquets, we cannot refrain mentioning that illusive feast of the most effeminate of Assyrian kings, the plan of which seems to have been imparted by the magiric genius himself to our celebrated tragedian Charles Kean. Every night, Sardanapalus, the sensual king of the too joyous Ninevites, rising from his tomb, with his twenty-six centuries of renown, seats himself at table, in order to unveil to us long buried splendours, and confirm our belief in those sumptuous orgies of which history preserves to us but uncertain details.

The admirable works of Botta, Flandin, Layard, and Bonomi, have allowed the ingenious major domo who presides at these Assyrian feasts of the 19th century, to invest them with that _couleur locale_ which would formerly have been sought in vain; and, should the shade of the voluptuous prince wander amidst the guests seated at his table, it may still recognise the cup from which he imbibed intoxication and forgetfulness of his tragic destiny. Altogether, this scenic representation appears to us the realisation of an extraordinary dream, and we have been tempted to place this fictitious repast of Sardanapalus amongst the modern banquets here called to remembrance.

[I] Since the above was written, my researches have been rewarded by success, and I have given a complete description of it in this work.--_See page 269._

[J] No less than £52,000, if Pliny really means the grand sesterce, which everything leads us to believe.

[K] Smallage, a species of parsley, known by the name of celery, is diuretic and aperitive. The celery, as cultivated now, is derived from the smallage.

[L] It is a question whether they could compete in quality with those caught in the Severn at the present day.

[M] This paper did not resemble our own of the present day; it was a kind of papyrus, which perfectly resisted all moisture.

[N] Pie of meat and flour.

[O] See Plate No. XXVII., No. 4., a plain bottle, with a long neck.

[P] A pound of honey to three pounds of water.

[Q] We are not aware that any of our dramatic authors ever gave such proof of generosity after a triumph as did the poet, Ion. Crowned at Athens, after the representation of a tragedy, he made a present to each Athenian of a vase filled with wine of Chios.--“_Athen._,” I., 5.

[R] _Fat meat_, according to the vulgate.

[S] Dinner given by the Earl of Warwick, at the installation of an Archbishop of York, in the year 1470.

[T] Imperial, a gold coin, current in Russia. The Imperial of ten roubles (1755) was worth nearly £2 2s. 0d.

[U] This lemon-tree wood was a species more precious and more beautiful than that which we now possess.

[V] A grand banquet was held by the Royal Agricultural Society, at Exeter, on July 20th, 1850, for description of which see end of volume.

[W] Apicius composed the œnogarum (or rather eleogarum, for wine is not mentioned in his recipe) in the following manner: bruise, in a mortar, pepper, alisander, coriander, and rue; then add some garum, honey, and a little oil.[IX-119]

[X] The word Ox--_Bos_--is a general term applied equally by sacred and profane writers to the bull, ox, and cow.--VALLA, lib. iv., cap. 42. It would appear that the castration of bulls originated with the Greeks, though they and the Romans, their imitators, saw only in this operation the facility of subduing them, and accustoming them to the yoke.--GEOPONICS, COLUMELLA, PLINY, &c.

[Y] We saw, in 1836, while at Colne Castle, about one ton weight taken out of the water in a few hours.

[Y] A sort of wine, much esteemed.

TABLE OF REFERENCES

TO

Ancient and Modern Writers.

I.

AGRICULTURE.

[I-1] Plutarch. De Isid. et Osirid.; Ovid. Fabul. lib. v. 6, 7; Aurel. Vict. De Orig. Gent. Roman.

[I-2] Genes. cap. ii. 15.

[I-3] Ibid. cap. iii. 23.

[I-4] Cuvier, Discours sur les Révolutions du Globe, 6e. édit. p. 171.

[I-5] Judic. cap. vi. 11, 14.

[I-6] Ruth, cap. ii. 3, 5.

[I-7] I. Samuel, cap. xi. 5.

[I-8] I. Reg. cap. xix. 19.

[I-9] Guénée, Lettres de Quelques Juifs, tom. iii. p. 23, edit. in 12mo.

[I-10] Levitic. cap. xxv. 23.

[I-11] Diodor. Sicul. lib. ii. § 3.

[I-12] Aristot. De Republ. lib. ii. cap. 7.

[I-13] Levitic. xxv. 3, 6.

[I-14] Mishna, passim.

[I-15] Exod. iii. 8.

[I-16] Joseph. De Bello Judaic. lib. iii. cap. 8.

[I-17] Juvenal. Sat. xv. 10.

[I-18] Genes. cap. xii. 10.

[I-19] Ibid. cap. xlii. 1, 2, 3.

[I-20] Varro. De Re Rustic.; Plin. xviii. 7; Plutarch. In Cæsar.

[I-21] Plutarch. De Isid.; Tibull. lib. i. eleg. vii. 29.

[I-22] Fabretti. Inscript. p. 574.

[I-23] Homer. Il. x. 351; Odyss. viii. 124.

[I-24] Polydor. Virgil.

[I-25] Plin. xviii 4.

[I-26] Aul. Gell. i. 23.

[I-27] Plin. iv. 3; Flor. i. 2.

[I-28] Flor. viii. 3.

[I-29] Columell. ii. 5.

[I-30] Ibid. ii. 2.

[I-31] Varro. i. 29.

[I-32] Encyclopédie Méthodique; Antiquités Planches.

[I-33] Cato. De Re Rustica, x. xi.

[I-34] Strutt, Manners and Customs, &c., vol. i. p. 32, fig. vii.

[I-35] Plin. xvii. 5, 8.

[I-36] Varro. i. 13, 38; Columell. ii. 5, 6, 9.

[I-37] Geoponic. xii. 4; Virgil. Georg. i. 81; Plin. xvii. 9.

[I-38] Cato. cap. xxx.; Plin. xviii, 53; Varro. ii. 2.

[I-39] Column. Trajan. tab. 83.

[I-40] Passerii Lucern. Fictil. tab. 9.

[I-41] Gessner. ii. tab. 32, no. 75.

[I-42] Mongez. Encyclop. Méthod. Antiquit. Planches.

[I-43] De Re Rustica, i. 50.

[I-44] Virgil. Georg. lib. iv.

[I-45] Plin. viii. 30.

[I-46] Columell. ii. 21.

[I-47] Isaias, xxviii. 27.

[I-48] Herculan. v. 95.

[I-49] Geoponic. ii. 27, 31; Plin. xviii. 30; Varro. i. 57; Columell. i. 6.

[I-50] Dioscorid.; Diodor. Sicul.; Dio. Nicæus.

[I-51] Id.

[I-52] Strab.; Plin.; Strutt, Manners, &c., of the Ancient Britons, vol. i. p. 7.

[I-53] Strutt, Ibid. p. 43.

[I-54] Id. Ibid. pp. 43, 44.

[I-55] Fontan. tom. ii. liv. iii. titre 33, p. 1190.

II.

CEREALS.

[II-1] Tit. Liv. Decad. i. lib. 1.

[II-2] Plin. xviii. 8.

[II-3] Cato. R. R. cap. 86.

[II-4] Virgil. Georgic. i. 210.

[II-5] II. Samuel, cap. xvii. 28.

[II-6] Sueton. In August. xiv.

[II-7] Exod. cap. ix. 31.

[II-8] Virgil. Georgic. i. 216.

[II-9] Xenophon. De Expedit. Cyri. lib. vii.; Plin. xviii. 7.

[II-10] Geoponic. ii. 38.

[II-11] Plin. xviii. 40.

[II-12] Id. xviii. 16.

[II-13] Dioscorid. ii. 16.

[II-14] Virgil. Georgic. i. 153.

[II-15] Plin. xviii. 17.

[II-16] Id. xviii. 7, 10.

[II-17] Dioscorid. ii. 117.

[II-18] Galen. De Facultat. Aliment. i. 17.

[II-19] Herodot. ii. 36.

[II-20] Dioscorid. lib. ii. cap. 3; lib. iii.

[II-21] Plin. xxii. 25.

[II-22] Id. ii. 7.

[II-23] Petron. cap. i.

[II-24] Plaut Pœn. act. i. sc. 2, 112.

[II-25] Leg. xii. Tabul. pars ii. L. ix.

[II-26] Ulp. 50 Dig. t. v. l. 2; Arc. ad. Charis. D. 50, t. iv. l. 18, § 5; Wolfius, t. v. Oper. Demosth. f. 358.

[II-27] Samuel Petit. Comment. lib. v. tit. 5.

[II-28] Plin. lib. xviii.

[II-29] Dio. lib. xi. 3; Isidor. lib. ult. cap. 14.

[II-30] Panem et Circenses.

[II-31] Demosth. In Phorm.

[II-32] Plutarch. In Cat. Maj.; Cic. in Verrem.

[II-33] Sueton. In Jul. Cæsar. cap. 41.

[II-34] Dio Cassius. lib. xliii.

[II-35] Id. lib. lv.

[II-36] Sueton. In Neron. cap. 10; Tacit lib. xv.

[II-37] Spartian. In Sever.; Liv. lib. ii.

[II-38] Socrat. ii. 10, 13; Sozomen. iii. 6.

[II-39] Cic. Pro Leg. Manil.

[II-40] Liv. lib. xxxiii.; Cic. Ad Attic. ep. ix. et seqq.; Varro. R. R.; Plin. xviii. 7.

[II-41] Stow’s Chronicles, p. 167.

[II-42] Fabian. vol. ii. p. 30.

III.

GRINDING OF CORN.

[III-1] Apud Athenæum.

[III-2] Ovid. Fast. iv. 399.

[III-3] Tibull. ii. eleg. 3.

[III-4] Pausan. In Arcad.

[III-5] Virgil. Georg. iv. 81.

[III-6] De Mensura Cibi.

[III-7] Lucret. v. 14.

[III-8] Plin. vii. 51.

[III-9] Encyclop. Méthod. Antiquit. Planches.

[III-10] Varro. apud Nonnium.

[III-11] Plin. xviii. 3.

[III-12] Polyb. i. 22.

[III-13] Deuteronom. xxiv. 6.

[III-14] Exod. xi. 5.

[III-15] Numer. xi. 8.

[III-16] Pausanias, v. μυλη, Histor. Laconicor.

[III-17] Homer. Odyss.

[III-18] Id. Ibid. vii. 105.

[III-19] Plin. xviii. 11.

[III-20] Gell. xxxi. 3; Terent. Andr. act. i. sc. 2.

[III-21] Gell. xiii. 22.

[III-22] Virg. Georg. i., et ibi Servius, v. 267, 274.

[III-23] Ovid. In Fastis; Rosin. Antiquit, Roman, iv. 10.

[III-24] Paschal. Coron. p. 260.

[III-25] Rosin. loc. cit.

[III-26] Apul. Milesiar. lib. ix.

[III-27] Terent. Andria. act. i. sc. 2.

[III-28] Meursius, Criticar. Exercitat. part i. cap. 9.

[III-29] Id. Ibid.

[III-30] Gell. iii. 3.

[III-31] Vitruv. x. 10.

[III-32] Plin. xviii. 10.

[III-33] Vid. Turneb. Salmas, et Perrault, section Vitruve.

[III-34] Goetzius, De Pistrinis Veterum.

[III-35] Strabo, Geograph.

[III-36] De Canone Frumentar, Urb. Rom. L. iv. Cassiodor. Variar. iii.

[III-37] 5th century.

[III-38] Decernimus de Aquæductu, L. x.

[III-39] Anno 536.

[III-40] Procop. De Bello Gothico. i. 15.

[III-41] Vitruv. x. 5; Schneider; Palladius, R. R. i. 42.

[III-42] Plin. xxxvi. 30.

[III-43] Odyss. xx. 105, 119; Cato. R. R. cap. 56.

[III-44] Leges Ethelberti.

[III-45] Strutt, Manners, &c., vol. ii., p. 13.

[III-46] Apud Strutt, ibid.

[III-47] Ibid. p. 14.

[III-48] Heringius.

[III-49] Monast. Anglic. t. i. p. 316; t. ii. p. 459; t. iii. p. 107.

IV.

MANIPULATION OF FLOUR.

[IV-1] Montaigne, Essais.

[IV-2] Genes. xviii. 6.

[IV-3] Exod. xii. 39.

[IV-4] Reg. xix. 6.

[IV-5] Levitic. vii. 9.

[IV-6] Calmet. Bible, tom. vi. p. 257, fol.

[IV-7] Waserus, De Antiq. Mensuris, ii. 5.

[IV-8] Genes. iii. 19.; Exod. ii. 20; xviii. 12; et passim.

[IV-9] Calmet. loc. cit.

[IV-10] Fleury, Mœurs des Israélites, chap. 12.

[IV-11] Ruth, ii. 14.

[IV-12] Calmet. loc. cit.

[IV-13] Plin. xviii. 11.

[IV-14] Exod. xii. 15, 17 to 20, 34, 39.

[IV-15] Levitic. vii. 9.

[IV-16] Genes. xv. 17.

[IV-17] Levitic. ii. 4; vii. 9; xi. 35; xxvi. 26; Calmet. Bible, tom. vi.

[IV-18] Genes. xl. 1, et seqq.

[IV-19] Cassiodor. Variar. vi.; Olai Magni Hist. xiii. 13; Panis a Pane.

[IV-20] Cic. Pro Cluentio; Isidor. xx. 2.

[IV-21] Paître--Manger.

[IV-22] Nonnius Marcellus, De Prop. Sermon.

[IV-23] Athen. iii. 13.

[IV-24] Id. Ibid.

[IV-25] Id. Ibid.

[IV-26] Id. Ibid.

[IV-27] IV-Aristoph. Ran. v. 856.

[IV-28] Galen. De Aliment. Facultat. lib. i.

[IV-29] Athen. iii. 29.

[IV-30] Cæl. Rhodig. xxvi.

[IV-31] Athen. loc. cit.

[IV-32] Id. Ibid.

[IV-33] Id. Ibid.

[IV-34] Id. Ibid.

[IV-35] Id. Ibid.

[IV-36] Id. iii. 13.

[IV-37] Plin. xviii. 7.

[IV-38] Athen. loc. cit.

[IV-39] Plaut. Pœn. et Mostellar; Plin. xviii. 8.

[IV-40] Tit. Liv. Dec. i. lib. v. cap. 48--Florus.

[IV-41] Galen. De Aliment. Facultat. i. 18.

[IV-42] Festus; Lactant. Divinar. Institut. cap. 20; Ovid. Fast. ii. 525.

[IV-43] Plin. xviii. II.

[IV-44] Pomp. Sabin. In Moret. Virgil.

[IV-45] Maximar. C. De Excusat. Muner. L. xii.

[IV-46] Vitruv. Architect. vi. 9.

[IV-47] Plin. xviii. 10.

[IV-48] Plin. xviii. 11.

[IV-49] Aurel. Vict.; si quis De Pistorib. L. ii.; si cui, Ibid. L. iv.

[IV-50] Optio, Ibid. L. iv.

[IV-51] Nulli Pistori, Ibid. L. xxi.

[IV-52] Ne Quis, Ibid. L. xv.

[IV-53] Quicumque, Ibid. L. xxii.

[IV-54] Gell. xv. 19.

[IV-55] Brod. Miscellan. v. 21; Plin. xix. 1; Columell. v. 10; Petron. 85.

[IV-56] Juvenal. Sat. x. 82.

[IV-57] Ammian. Marcellin. xxvi.; Sueton. In Claud. cap. 18.

[IV-58] Plin. xviii. 7, 9, 10, 11.

[IV-59] Id. xix. 4.

[IV-60] Id. Ibid.

[IV-61] Gronovius.

[IV-62] Richard. Gorræi. Annal. Principio.

[IV-63] Plin. xviii. 11.

[IV-64] A.D. 75.

[IV-65] Ovid. Fast. vi., 260, et seqq.

[IV-66] Pitt. Ercolan. tom. ii. p. 141.

[IV-67] Gronovius.

[IV-68] Cels. ii. 18; Galen. De Facultat. Aliment. i.

[IV-69] Id. iv. 6.

[IV-70] Ammian. Marcellin. xvii. 17; Senec. Epist. 83.

[IV-71] Athen. iii. 28.

[IV-72] Encyclop. Méthodiq. Antiquités.

[IV-73] Plaut. Aulul. act. ii. sc. 9, ver. 4; Plin. xviii. 11.

[IV-74] Encyclop. Méthod. Antiq.

[IV-75] Ibid.

[IV-76] Ibid.

[IV-77] Strutt, loc. cit.

[IV-78] Delamarre, Traité de la Police.

[IV-79] Réglement du 20 Mars, 1635.

[IV-80] Monteil. Hist. des Français, tom, ii., pp. 47, 48.

V.

FRUMENTA.

[V-1] Servius.

[V-2] Theophrast. ex versione Gazæ.

[V-3] Hippocrat. De Victûs Ration.; Galen. De Aliment. Facult. lib. i.

[V-4] Plin. xviii. 7; xx. 25; Bruyerin. v. 7; et seqq.

[V-5] Deuteron. viii. 8.

[V-6] II. Samuel, xvii. 28.

[V-7] Paralipomen. ii. 9.

[V-8] Sueton. In August. cap. 14.

[V-9] Theophrast.; Menand.; Plin. xviii. 7.

[V-10] Galen. De Aliment. Facultat. lib. i.

[V-11] Id. Ibid.

[V-12] Athen. iii. 36.

[V-13] Bruyerin. v. 6.

[V-14] Hippocrat. De Victus Ratione.

[V-15] Id. Ibid.

[V-16] Plin. xviii. 17; Villichius, cap. xii.

[V-17] Colman, Lexicon; Meursius.

[V-18] Cato. R. R. cap. lxxxvi.

[V-19] Galen. De Aliment. Facultat. i. 17; Bruyerin. v. 21.

[V-20] Varro. De Ling. Lat.; Columell. ii.

[V-21] Virgil. Georg. lib. iv.

[V-22] Plin. xviii. 7.

[V-23] Id. Ibid.

[V-24] Dioscorid. ii. 120.

[V-25] Plin. xviii. 24.

[V-26] Plin. Jun. Epist. ad Septic. Clar.

[V-27] Cato. R. R.

[V-28] Columell. xii. 55; Cato. cap. 86.

[V-29] Plin. xviii. 7; Bruyerin. v. 23; Galen. De Aliment. Facultat. lib. i.

[V-30] J. A. St. John, The Hindoos, vol. i. p. 357.

[V-31] Martial.

[V-32] Athen. vii.

[V-33] Plat. in Gorg.

[V-34] Athen. i. 13.

[V-35] Andrieux, “Les rois malaisément souffrent qu’on leur résiste.”

[V-36] Athen. 13.

VI.

GRAINS: SEEDS.

[VI-1] Plin. xx. 22.

[VI-2] Nonnius, De Re Cibariâ, i. 14.

[VI-3] Plin. xix. 8, 22.

[VI-4] Matth. xiii. 31; xvii. 20; Marc. iv. 31; Luc. xiii. 19; xvii. 6.

[VI-5] Boerhaave, Hist. Plant.

[VI-6] See Les Bigarrures du Seigneur des Accords. Paris, 1662, p. 62.

[VI-7] Plin. xx. 20.

[VI-8] Varro. R. R.

[VI-9] Plin. xviii. 7, 14.

[VI-10] Id. Ibid.

[VI-11] Athen. i. 15.

[VI-12] Ibid. ii. 14.

[VI-13] Plin. xviii. 14.

[VI-14] Bruyerin, vii.

[VI-15] Plin. xix. 1.

[VI-16] Galen. De Aliment. Facult. i.; Bruyerin. vii. 12.

[VI-17] Plin. loc. cit.

[VI-18] Bruyerin, vii. 13.

[VI-19] Simeo. Sethi, De Aliment. Facult.

VII.

VEGETABLES.

[VII-1] Nonnius, De Re Cibar. i. 5.

[VII-2] Plin. xviii. 10.

[VII-3] Genes. ix. 3.

[VII-4] Ibid. xxv. 34.

[VII-5] Samuel, xvii. 28.

[VII-6] Daniel, i. 12, 16.

[VII-7] Athen. i. 45.

[VII-8] Iliad.

[VII-9] Athen. ii. 8.

[VII-10] Varro. De Re Rust, i. 23, 32; Isidor. Orig. xvii. 4.

[VII-11] Cato. 35, 36; Virgil. Georg. i. ii.; Varro. De Re Rust. i. 23, 32.; Ovid. Fast. v.; Gell. iv. 11.

[VII-12] Virgil. Georg. translat. by Delille.

[VII-13] Sigonius, De Nominib. Roman.

[VII-14] Cic. lib. vii. Epist. 26 ad Fab. Gall.

[VII-15] 97 years B.C.

[VII-16] Dio. Epitom. Tiber.

[VII-17] Apicius, De Obsoniis. i. 23.

[VII-18] Caroli Magni Capitul.

VIII.

DRIED VEGETABLES.

[VIII-1] Ovid. Fast, iii.; Festus, De Verb. Signif.; Nonnius, i. 5.

[VIII-2] Festus, loc. cit.

[VIII-3] Nonnius, loc. cit.

[VIII-4] Id. loc. cit.

[VIII-5] Theophrast. De Caus. Plant.; Clem. Alex. Strom.; Cic. De Divinat. i.; Plin. xviii. 7, 12.; Simeo. Sethi, De Aliment. Facult. p. 134.

[VIII-6] Hippocrat. iii. aphor. 20.

[VIII-7] Plin. xviii. 12.

[VIII-8] Pollux et Eustath.

[VIII-9] Isidor. Orig. vii.; Nonnius, i. 5.

[VIII-10] II. Reg. xvii. 28.

[VIII-11] Ezech. iv. 9.

[VIII-12] Athen. iii. 1.

[VIII-13] Id. Ibid.

[VIII-14] Id. Ibid.

[VIII-15] Dioscorid. ii. 99; Athen. loc. cit.; Plin. xxi. 15; Theophrast. v.

[VIII-16] Plin. xvi. 30; xxiv. 2.

[VIII-17] Pinkerton’s Ancient Scot. Poems, vol. ii. p. 431.

[VIII-18] Anecdotes of Some Distinguished Persons, vol. iii. p. 317.

[VIII-19] Boemus Aubanus. Mores, Leges, &c., Omnium Gentium, Genev. 1620, p. 266.

[VIII-20] Brand’s Popular Antiquities, vol. i. p. 24.

[VIII-21] Athen.

[VIII-22] Virgil. Georg. i. 227.

[VIII-23] Athen. ii. 15.

[VIII-24] Galen. De Aliment. Facult. ii.

[VIII-25] Id. Ibid. v.; Nonnius, i. 5.; Platina, De Tuend. Valetud.

[VIII-26] Columell. ii. 10.

[VIII-27] Mélanges Tirés d’une Grande Bibliothèque.

[VIII-28] II. Reg. xvii. 28.

[VIII-29] Martial i. 42.

[VIII-30] Lambinus; Erasm. In Adagiis.

[VIII-31] Columell. ii. 10.; Plin. xviii. 12.

[VIII-32] Martial. loc. cit.

[VIII-33] Horat. Sat. i. 3.

[VIII-34] Athen. iv.; Nonnius. De Re Cibar.; Bruyerin. vii. 3.; Florentin. ap. Constant. Cæsar. xi.

[VIII-35] Athen. vi. 4.

[VIII-36] Id.; Nonnius; Bruyerin. loc. cit.

[VIII-37] Genes. xxv. 34.

[VIII-38] II. Reg. xvii. 28.

[VIII-39] Ibid. xxiii. 11.

[VIII-40] Ezech. iv. 9.

[VIII-41] Cic. Tuscul. iv.; Virgil. Georg. i. ii.; Isidor. Orig. xvii.

[VIII-42] Appian. De Bello Parthico; Plutarch. In Vitâ Crassi.

[VIII-43] Virgil. Georg. i. 228.

[VIII-44] Plin. xv. 12.

IX.

KITCHEN GARDEN.

[IX-1] Delille, Préface du Poème des Jardins.

[IX-2] Num. xxiv. 6.

[IX-3] Virgil. Georg. iv.

[IX-4] Esth, vii. 7, 8.

[IX-5] Ex Trog. Pompeio. Justin, xxxvi.

[IX-6] Q. Curt. v. 1.

[IX-7] Odyss. vii.

[IX-8] Dio. xlvii.; Sueton. Cæs. 83.

[IX-9] Cato. Varro. Columell. passim.

[IX-10] Cal. Siculus. Eclog. ii.

[IX-11] Frontin. Cœl. Sympos. Œnigm. 72; Pallad. ix. 11.

[IX-12] Scriptores Rei Rustic. passim.

[IX-13] Ibid.

[IX-14] Hippocrat. Aphorism.

[IX-15] Plin.

[IX-16] Cato. De Re Rustic. 156, 157.

[IX-17] Athen. ix. 2.

[IX-18] Cato. loc. cit.

[IX-19] Ch. St Laurent, Diction. Encyclopéd.

[IX-20] Apicius, De Obsoniis, iii. 9.

[IX-21] Id. Ibid.

[IX-22] Id. Ibid.

[IX-23] Id. Ibid.

[IX-24] Olivier de Serres.

[IX-25] Columell. x. 251 et 254.

[IX-26] Plin. xix. 8.

[IX-27] Athen. i. 6.

[IX-28] Id. ix. 2.

[IX-29] Id. Ibid.

[IX-30] Martial. xiii. 13.

[IX-31] Apicius, iii. 2.

[IX-32] Id. Ibid.

[IX-33] Id. iii. 11.

[IX-34] Dioscorid.

[IX-35] Stephan. Thesaur. Ling. Latin.; Ch. St. Laurent, Dict. Encyclop.

[IX-36] Beckmann, Hist. of Invent.

[IX-37] Hispanicum Olus.

[IX-38] Athen. ii. 18.

[IX-39] Id. Ibid.

[IX-40] Horat. Epod. ii. 58.

[IX-41] Martial. iii. 89.

[IX-42] Cic. vii. Familiar. 26.

[IX-43] Plin. xx. 21.

[IX-44] Apicius, iii. 8.

[IX-45] Id. Ibid.

[IX-46] La Fontaine, Fables.

[IX-47] Athen. ii. 21.

[IX-48] Id. Ibid.

[IX-49] Id. Ibid.

[IX-50] Plin. xix. 4.

[IX-51] Id. xix. 8.

[IX-52] Sueton. Oct. Cæs. 87.

[IX-53] Apicius, iii. 3.

[IX-54] Plin. loc. cit.

[IX-55] Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles.

[IX-56] Plin. xix. 5.

[IX-57] Id. Ibid.

[IX-58] Id. Ibid.

[IX-59] Athen. ii. 18.

[IX-60] Id. Ibid.

[IX-61] Propert. iv. 2, 43.

[IX-62] Juvenal. Sat xiv. 47.

[IX-63] Athen. ii. 18.

[IX-64] Athen. ii. 18.

[IX-65] Id. Ibid.

[IX-66] Id. ix. 3.

[IX-67] Id. Ibid.

[IX-68] Apicius, iii. 4.

[IX-69] Id. Ibid.

[IX-70] Id. Ibid.

[IX-71] Id. Ibid.

[IX-72] Athen. i. 6.

[IX-73] Scriptores Rei Rustic.

[IX-74] Apicius, iii. 13.

[IX-75] Plin. xix. 5.

[IX-76] Id. xxi. 15.

[IX-77] Apicius, iii. 21.

[IX-78] Id. Ibid.

[IX-79] Id. Ibid.

[IX-80] Festus.

[IX-81] Dr. Charbonnier.

[IX-82] Plin. xx. 20.

[IX-83] Id. Ibid.

[IX-84] Id. xix. 12.

[IX-85] Apicius, iii. 11.

[IX-86] Plin. xix. 8.

[IX-87] Athen.

[IX-88] Apicius, iii. 9.

[IX-89] Ruell. i. 20.

[IX-90] Athen. ii. 13; Pollux, vi. 9.

[IX-91] Id. Ibid.

[IX-92] Dioscorid. iii. 14.

[IX-93] Plin. xxi. 16.

[IX-94] Id. Ibid.

[IX-95] Hermolao Barbaro.

[IX-96] Ruell. i.

[IX-97] 2nd cent. A.C.

[IX-98] Galen. De Aliment. Facult.

[IX-99] Columell. x. 236.

[IX-100] Geoponic. xii. 39.

[IX-101] Ibid.

[IX-102] Apicius, iii. 19.

[IX-103] Ch. St. Laurent, Dict. Encycl.

[IX-104] Apicius, loc. cit.

[IX-105] Id. Ibid.

[IX-106] Tertullian, De Animâ, cap. 32.

[IX-107] Id. Adv. Marc. iv. 40.

[IX-108] Plin. xx. 2.

[IX-109] Num. xi. 5.

[IX-110] Apicius, iii. 4.

[IX-111] Id. Ibid.

[IX-112] Ch. St. Laurent, Dict. Encyc.

[IX-113] Apicius, iii. 5.

[IX-114] Num. xi. 5.

[IX-115] Athen.

[IX-116] Geoponic. xii. 7, 4.

[IX-117] Plin.

[IX-118] Apicius, iii. 6.

[IX-119] Apicius, i. 31.

[IX-120] Id. Ibid.

[IX-121] Id. iii. 6.

[IX-122] Id. Ibid.

[IX-123] Id. Ibid.

[IX-124] Exod. xii. 8; Num. ix. 11.

[IX-125] Athen. ii. 18.

[IX-126] Id. Ibid.

[IX-127] Martial. xiii. 14.

[IX-128] Bibl. Sacra. loc. cit.

[IX-129] Athen. i. 12.

[IX-130] Theophrast. Hist. Plant. vi. 7.

[IX-131] Galen. De Aliment. Facult.

[IX-132] Sueton. In August.

[IX-133] Ch. St. Laurent, Dict. Encycl.

[IX-134] Apicius, iii. 15.

[IX-135] Id. Ibid.

[IX-136] Platina; Taillevant.

[IX-137] Plin. xx. 8.

[IX-138] Virgil. Georg. i. 120.

[IX-139] Columell. x. 3.

[IX-140] Pallad. i. 30; Apul. De Herb. 47.

[IX-141] Apicius, iii. 18.

[IX-142] Geoponic. xii. 31.

[IX-143] Num. xi. 5.

[IX-144] Socrat. In Zenophont. Symposio.

[IX-145] Plin. xix. 6.

[IX-146] Horat. lib. i. Epod. xii. 21.

[IX-147] Apicius, iii. 15.

[IX-148] Alexand. v. 10.

[IX-149] Num. xi. 5.

[IX-150] Geoponic. xii. 29.

[IX-151] Ibid.

[IX-152] Athen. ix. 3.

[IX-153] Apicius, iii. 10.

[IX-154] Id. Ibid.

[IX-155] J. A. St. John, The Hindoos, vol. i. p. 357.

[IX-156] Suidas. Tiber. iii.

[IX-157] Geoponic. xii. 20.

[IX-158] Ibid.

[IX-159] Ibid.

[IX-160] Apicius, iii. 7.

[IX-161] Pasquier, Recherches sur la France.

[IX-162] Babylonic Talmud.

[IX-163] Athen. i. 6.

[IX-164] Plin. xix. 5.

[IX-165] Id. Ibid.

[IX-166] Id. Ibid.

[IX-167] Varro. R. R.; Columell. xi.; Plin. xviii.

[IX-168] Geoponic. xii. 21; Varro. i. 11.

[IX-169] Sueton. In Vespas. iv.

[IX-170] Apicius, iii. 13.

[IX-171] Id. i. 24.

[IX-172] Athen. ii. 16.

[IX-173] Plin. xix. 5.

[IX-174] Athen. loc. cit.

[IX-175] Theophrast. Hist. Plant. vii. 4.

[IX-176] Id. Ibid.

[IX-177] Id. Ibid.

[IX-178] Geoponic. xii. 22.

[IX-179] Ibid.

[IX-180] Ibid.

[IX-181] Ibid.

[IX-182] Ibid.

[IX-183] Apicius, iii. 14.

[IX-184] Plin. xx. 6.

[IX-185] Suidas.

[IX-186] Plaut. Pœn. v. 5, 34.

[IX-187] Suidas.

[IX-188] Virgil. Eclog. ii. 9.

[IX-189] Dict. des Sciences Naturel.

[IX-190] Athen.

[IX-191] Geoponic. xii. 30.

[IX-192] Ibid.

[IX-193] Plin. xix. 16.

[IX-194] Banier, Mytholog. tom. vii. p. 198.

[IX-195] Plutarch. Sympos. v. 3.

[IX-196] Anacreon, passim.

[IX-197] Horat. Od. i. 36.