Technology

The Panama Canal: A history and description of the enterprise

It was either very careless or very astute of Nature to leave the entire length of the American continent without a central passage from ocean to ocean, or, having provided such a passage at Nicaragua, to allow it to be obstructed again by volcanic action. This imperviousness...

Chapters

18. CHAPTER XVIII.

One of the most important results of the Panama Canal, one which is likely to have the largest influence on future political history, seems scarcely to have been noticed by writ...

19. CHAPTER XIX.

Some readers may perhaps think that these forecasts of the results of running a canal through the isthmus of Panama are somewhat exaggerated. It is sufficient to point out to su...

9. CHAPTER IX.

Almost at the beginning of their great task the Americans were faced with a problem which involved the success or failure of the whole enterprise. I have said something about th...

7. CHAPTER VII.

It was not to be expected that Panama, one of the constituent provinces of the United States of Colombia, would be very enthusiastic about all this haggling and intriguing at Bo...

16. CHAPTER XVI.

I have already mentioned that England and Europe gained much more from the opening of the Suez Canal than the United States. Before the Suez Canal was opened, the voyage both fr...

14. CHAPTER XIV

We may now begin to consider the canal as a whole and in its completed state. From deep water in Limon Bay, 41-foot depth at mean tide, to deep water outside Panama, 45-foot dep...

17. CHAPTER XVII.

The likely effects of the Panama Canal on international commerce and the development of the world's resources is so big a subject that one can do little more than indicate the l...

2. CHAPTER II.

It appears that the honour of first conceiving and proposing the project of an artificial waterway through the isthmus belongs to Alvaro de Saavedra Ceron, a cousin of Cortez, w...

10. CHAPTER X.

Before we go on to describe the canal and its method of construction, we must look at the sort of social life and civil administration which has prevailed since the Americans ar...

8. CHAPTER VIII.

By the Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty the United States guaranteed and undertook to maintain the independence of the Republic of Panama. The new republic granted to the United States...

15. CHAPTER XV.

It may be convenient to deal here with a few detached questions before inquiring into the commercial and maritime changes likely to be produced by the canal. The reader understa...

11. CHAPTER XI.

We may now begin to consider the canal itself, the problems which its designers had to solve, the methods of construction, and the features of the completed work. As we have see...

13. CHAPTER XIII.

The Panama Canal belongs to the "age of concrete." All other vast works of construction, such as the Pyramids of antiquity and the Assouan Dam of to-day, have been built of live...

4. CHAPTER IV.

The French company began work on the isthmus in February, and such a rake's progress set in as the world has seldom seen. The name of Ferdinand de Lesseps inspired such confiden...

5. CHAPTER V.

In 1893 a new corporation, known as the New Panama Canal Company, took over all the assets of the De Lesseps Company, including the railway, and the work of construction was con...

6. CHAPTER VI.

Those citizens of the United States who thought that with the disappearance of the Clayton-Bulwer Treaty all the difficulties in the way of obtaining a canal of their own had al...

12. CHAPTER XII.

The most famous section of work on the canal has been that at the vertebra or "continental divide," which runs along the isthmus on the Pacific side and had to be pierced throug...

3. CHAPTER III.

The treaty of 1850 was concerned primarily with a canal along the Nicaraguan route--that is, as the preamble expresses it, a canal "between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans by wa...

1. CHAPTER I.

It was either very careless or very astute of Nature to leave the entire length of the American continent without a central passage from ocean to ocean, or, having provided such...