CHAPTER XXIII

Chapter 267,019 wordsPublic domain

INTERNAL ADMINISTRATION OF BURMA

Of the many other parts which go to make up the working machinery of a great province nothing has been said, as the object of this account is to show how peace and order were restored, or rather given, to Burma. Along and step by step with this rough work, however, every part of an advanced administration began to take shape. There was none which was not, at the very least, called into existence.

The revenue of Upper Burma increased from £222,000 in 1886-7 to £1,120,000 in the year 1889-90. No new taxes were imposed. The revenue grew by careful administration. From the year 1888 I had the assistance of Mr. Fryer as Financial Commissioner in dealing with this branch of the work, and the subject of the land revenue of the Upper Province was examined more minutely than had been possible before. In 1889 a regulation declaring the law relating to rights of land and formulating a complete system of revenue law for Upper Burma was framed in Burma, and passed by the Governor-General in Council. In it provision was made for the gradual survey and assessment of the land; and before the end of 1890 the cadastral survey had broken ground in two districts in which the cultivated area was largest.

The Forest Department had been busy from the first, and progress had been made in ascertaining the condition and resources of the great teak forests of Upper Burma.

The Government of India had treated Burma with generosity in the matter of money for public works. The extent of our undertakings was limited by the difficulty of obtaining a competent staff, rather than by a deficiency of funds. The expenditure on barracks and other accommodation for troops at stations where garrisons were to be permanently kept was necessarily large. At district headquarters in civil stations, court-houses, and (where necessary) jails had been built, and court-houses had also been provided in many subdivisions. The irrigation works in Kyauksè were not neglected, and the Mu Canal scheme in the Shwèbo district had been taken in hand. The railway to Mandalay was opened in March, 1889, and the surveys for the Mu Valley line, which was to take the rails up the right bank of the river and through all the difficult country traversed by Major Adamson's expedition in 1887-8, had been completed and construction had begun.

Great attention had been paid to the improvement of communications, including several difficult hill-roads. A good cart-road had been made from the river to the ruby mines. Another from Mandalay to Maymyo was being taken on to Lashio; and, from Meiktila to Kalaw on the Shan plateau, seventy-six miles, a road was well advanced. The land-locked Yaw country had been opened up, and a mule-track from Kalewa on the Chindwin to Fort White in the Chin Hills had been finished. Roads over the Yomas, which had sheltered the Magwè dacoits, had been completed.

The money, poured into the country for roads and buildings, apart from the railway expenditure, was nearly all spent on native labour and on material produced in the country. In the aggregate it was more than the sums received as revenue. That it, along with the railway expenditure on labour, helped largely in settling the country directly and indirectly, is certain. If Indian and Chinese Shan coolies were employed, it was because Burman labour was not forthcoming.

Nor had some of the refinements of administration been neglected. In the larger towns a simple system of municipal government was introduced, care being taken not to hurry a somewhat primitive people accustomed to corrupt methods and with little sense of responsibility along the slippery paths of local self-government.

In the middle of 1890 a Judicial Commissioner was appointed for Upper Burma. I accepted this refinement more reluctantly than I would have welcomed a reduction of the garrison. But the character of the man appointed to the post (the late Mr. Hodgkinson) was an assurance that there would be no display of judicial pyrotechnics, such as lawyers sometimes indulge in, and that some regard would be paid to the conditions under which our officers were working.

The provision of medical aid for the people was taken in hand energetically, under the guidance of Dr. Sinclair, who administered the medical department of the whole of Burma. It was not possible to provide substantial public hospitals, and at first only temporary buildings were erected. Excellent permanent hospitals had been built for the military police, and on their withdrawal it was intended that these buildings should be converted into civil hospitals.

Vaccination was introduced also, and every district was furnished with the means of protection against smallpox. The people came readily to be vaccinated, and no Burman, so far as I know, expressed an objection, conscientious or other, to being protected from the ravages of a loathsome disease. But they are comparatively a backward race and still have much to learn.

In the matter of education, it was not the time to do much, and I was inclined to walk very warily in Upper Burma. The Director of Public Instruction was sent round the province in 1889 to examine the condition of the existing schools; and on his report a beginning was made by appointing an inspector and some assistant inspectors, more to ascertain and collate facts than with a view to active interference. Later on the grant-in-aid rules in force in the lower province were introduced. The author of the _Burma Gazetteer_ (vol. i., p. 132) writes: "Missionary schools are now plentiful, and lay schools, both public and private, abound; but the bed-rock of vernacular education in Burma is still monastery teaching, and with it is intimately bound up the educational welfare of the people."

I am inclined to agree with this statement. The system of monastic schools has, I think, been an immense boon to the people of Burma, and if only the monks could be roused to educate themselves more and to cast off some of their old ideas I should like to see it maintained.

The danger is that the contact with Western knowledge and ascertained fact may destroy the belief of the young Burmans in the monastic teaching, and this danger is increased, if it is not caused, by the superstitious ignorance of the monks and their inability to disentangle the moral teaching of their great founder from the cobwebs of fairy tales, about the form and nature of the earth and the like. With this in mind, a beginning was made towards inducing the Pongyis to employ certificated assistant teachers in the monastic schools.

Western teaching may, however, have less effect on Eastern faiths than we think. I was visiting a lay school in Burma one day, I forget where, but I was talking to one of the pupils, a very intelligent boy. I asked him about the shape of the earth, and so on. He had it all pat, the conventional proofs included. I said: "Now, you know what the Pongyis teach, which do you believe--what you have learnt here, or in the monastery?" He replied unhesitatingly, "What the Pongyis tell me, of course." "Why then," I asked, "did you say the earth was round and went round the sun?" "Oh," he said, "I must say that or I should not pass the examinations; but I believe the other." There may be more intelligent students, even at a riper age, of the same mind as this boy. Sometimes, perhaps, in the West, it is the other way about.

On the 10th of December, 1890, I surrendered my charge to Sir Alexander Mackenzie,[68] one of the ablest men of his time in India.

In his summary of the Administration Report of Burma, for the year 1890-1, dated December 21, 1891, is written: "Upper Burma being now perfectly tranquil, it is not necessary to describe separately the progress made in the pacification of each district. The fact that there were fewer crimes in Upper than in Lower Burma during the year is sufficient proof that except in certain frontier tracts the work is complete."

It is pleasant to most of us to know that our work is appreciated by others. It pleased me the other day, and it may please those for whom I have put together this rough account of the pacification of Burma to read this passage from the "Shans at Home," by Mrs. Leslie Milne and the Rev. Wilbur Willis Cochrane (p. 29):--

"At the time of the annexation, every part of the Shan highlands west of the Salween was ravaged with war, Shans against Shans and Burmans against them all. To bring peace and an era of prosperity, put an end to feuds, settle the disputes of princes, re-establish the people in their homes, and organize out of chaos a helpful and strong government was no easy task. That it was accomplished with so small a force, so quickly and with so little opposition, was due to the energy, ability, and tact of the British officials upon whom the Government had placed responsibility.

"Immediately after the annexation, began the era of improvement. Twenty-four years have passed since then. The British peace officers have retired, or are retiring, but they leave behind them a prosperous and peaceful people. The towns are growing towards their former dimensions; wealth and trade are increasing beyond all expectations. Population is rapidly increasing. A mother with her little child can travel alone from Mogaung to the border of Siam, and from Kengtung to Rangoon, with comfort and perfect safety."

FOOTNOTE:

[68] The late Sir Alexander Mackenzie, K.C.S.I., afterwards Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal.

INDEX

Adamson, C.I.E., Major C. H. E., Deputy Commissioner of Bhamo, 76, 239-267, 338

Aitchison, Sir Charles, 20, 56

Akyab, 330

Alelet (central division of Hsenwi), 140, 160, 169, 173

Allahabad, 20

Alomphra, House of, 38, 227

Alôn, 88, 289

Amarapura, 39

Amats (ministers), 268

American Baptist Missionaries, work among the Karens, 51, 80

Amir Mahomed, death of, 87

Andamans, 112

Anderson, Brigadier-General, 29

Arakan Mountains, 62, 148, 293

Arbuthnot, Sir Charles, Commander-in-chief of the Madras Army, 29, 284

Arbuthnot, Gillanders, 45

Archer, Mr. W. J. (H.M. acting vice-consul at Chiengmai), 167, 168, 219, 220

Armstrong, Captain, 240

Assam, Valley of, 134, 311

Atkinson, Captain, killed, 28

Aung Bet, 112

Ava, Court of, 19; training of police at, 64, 65, 99; King of, 1; kingdom of (subdivision of Sagaing), 8, 31, 118, 143, 270; invaded, 65

Barron, Surgeon-Major, 250

Barrow, Major (now Sir Edmund Barrow), 219

Bassein, 40, 48

Balu stream, 195

Bangkok, 134, 167, 168, 191

Baungshè tribe (Tashons), 288, 332, 334, 336

Baw (or Maw) submitted to General East, 33, 49

Bawlaké, 191

Bawyethat Pagoda, 150

Bayfield, Lieutenant (explorer of Jade Mines, 1838), 238

Bayengan or Viceroy of Myingun Prince, 31, 84, 87-89

Bengal boundary, 130

Benson, Lieutenant, 264, 267

Bernard, Sir Charles, arrival, 7, 8; code, 10; roads, &c., 56, 66; irrigation, 69; village disarmament, 81; meeting with Hkun Saing, 142, 146; policy towards Shan States, 147

Bernard Myo, 46, 47, 271

Beville, Captain, 88, 295

Bhamo, 8, 30, 40, 44, 67, 74-79; description of Bhamo, 234-241, 309

Bigandet, Bishop, 37

Binbong, 272

Blundell, Major, 277

Bo Cho, 83, 114

Bo-hmu, 144

Bo-hmumintha, 135

Bo Le, death of, 115, 116

Bombay, 20; Burma Company working the teak forests, 116, 121; sappers and miners, 148

Bo Nyo U, 88

Bo Saga, 291

Bo Saing, 154

Bo Sawbwa, 85

Bo Swè, story of, 26-28, 62, 82

Bo Ti, 250-264

Bo Tok, 65, 99

Brahmaputra, 134

Bridges, Mr. J. E., Deputy Commissioner, 146

Browning, Mr. Colin, 92, 104

Buddha, teaching of, 44; Yaza, 117

Buddhists (Shan), 134

Burgess, C.S.I., Mr. G. D. (Judicial Commissioner, Upper Burma), 12, 29, 30, 92

Burma, boundaries of, 3

Burma, Upper, incorporated with India, 8; scheme of government, 8; scheduled district, 10; divisions of provinces, 12; description of districts, 30-36; marches of, 130

Burma, Lower, village organization, 22, 53; dacoity, 23; defective police arrangements, 52; evil of arming villages, 53; evil of mixed police, Indian and Burman, 53, 54; King of, 76, 125, 134-138, 144, 148, 169, 175

Burmans, country of the, 133; military police, 64, 65; special constables, 80

Buyers, Mr. G. D., chief engineer, Mandalay Railway, 61

Byaing Gyi, 109

Calcutta, 20, 24, 128

Cambodia, 134

Carey, Mr. Bertram, 314, 319-321, 326, 331

Carter, Mr. G. M. S., 47, 85, 89; sent with Colonel Symons to Sagaing, 104, 295

Chaungwa, 86, 87; Ava district, 146, 147; Prince, 160

Chaungu, 297, 329

Chaungzon, 300, 329

Chefan, 278

Chieng Kong given to Siam, 232

Chiengmaai (or Zimme), 167-169

China, care in dealing with, 21; and Upper Burma, 40; opium traffic, 40-44; rights over Kang Hung, 232

Chinbôks, 327-336

Chinbons, 327-336

Chinbyit, 88, 89

Chindwin, Lower, 8, 33, 64, 84, 99, 105; river, 92, 120, 133, 288, 294, 311

Chinese in Bhamo, 74, 75; Shans, 75; threaten the frontier, 76, 77; in Hsenwi, 138; attitude to Trans-Salween States, 136

Chingaing, 290, 291

Chins, disarmament of, 81, 100, 101; country, 131, 294; Chin-Lushai, 308-336; expedition against the, 287-307; five tribes, 332

Chitpauk, 296

Chittagong Hills, 293; column, 319-336

Clarke, Major O. L. I., 219

Clement, Colonel, assists in capture of Bo Swè, 82

Clements, Lieutenant, 264

Close, Surgeon J. K., 219

Cochrane, Rev. Wilbur Willis, 285

Cockran, Colonel, 272

Collett, C.B., Brigadier-General H., 192, 195

Collins, Mr. G. G., 108, 120, 121

Colquhoun, Mr. Archibald, 271

Cooke, Captain (of Burman Commission), 235, 236

Cox Brigadier-General, 30

Crimmin, Captain, Indian Medical Service (Surgeon-Lieut.-Col. John Crimmin, V.C., C.I.E.), 195

Cronin, Colonel, senior medical officer, 264

Cross, Lord, 17

Crosthwaite, K.C.S.I., Sir Charles H. T., 3; former service in British Burma, 19; offered Chief Commissionership and summoned to Calcutta, 20, 21; relieves Sir C. Bernard at Rangoon, 24; arrival at Mandalay, 26; return to Rangoon, 50; leaves for Upper Burma, 62; leaves Ava for Sagaing and meets Sir George White, 65; examination of irrigation system, 69; reduction of field force considered, 72; arrangements for Durbar at Mandalay, 74; visits Bhamo, 74; speech at Mandalay Durbar, commendation by Lord Dufferin, 76; on transferring men, 78, 79; disarmament--letter to Lord Dufferin, 80-82; visits Thayetmyo and district, 90; letter to Viceroy on police posts, 97; administration of Shan States, 100; conferred with Lord Dufferin, 100, 102; visit to Minbu, 108; visit to Popa, 114; meeting with General Symons at Magwè, 118; consultations with men of the Magwè district, 119; transfer of Mr. G. G. Collins to Magwè, 120; return to Mandalay, 120; on sick-leave to Nilgiri Hills, 120; accompanies H.R.H. Prince Albert Victor of Wales, to Mandalay, 121; action against dacoits, 123; Durbar in the Shan States, 124, 125; scheme for reduction of the military police, 129-130; correspondence with the Viceroy, 128; appointment of Colonel Cockran, 272; appoints Maung Ket's nephew ruler over Kalè, 288; decision not to absorb Kalè, 292; establishes posts along the Chin frontier, 296; proclamation to the Tashons, 312; account of internal administration, 337-341; visit to lay school, 340

Crowther, Mr., inspector of police, 264

Cumming, Colonel, 67

Cuppage, Mr., wounded while fighting against Set Kya, 70, 71

Custance, Mr., 83

Dabayen, 88

Dacoits, Mandalay, Ye-u, Mu, 71; Sagaing, 72, 103; Government, 112; measures taken against, 123

Dalhousie, Lord, 1

Daly, C.S.I., C.I.E., Lieut.-Colonel Hugh, agent to the Governor-General in Central India, 100; assisted Mr. Hildebrand against the Shans (1887), 165, 170-178, 272-276, 278, 285

Daniell, Mr., 278-280

Darrah, Mr., Assistant Commissioner, killed by Set Kya's men, 70

Darwin, Dr., 219, 226

Davies, Major H. R., 134

Davis, Captain, principal medical officer of the Field Force, 58

Deccan, 20

Disarmament (village regulation), 80-89

Dufferin, Lord, minute by, 9, 11; meeting with Sir Charles Crosthwaite, 24; on surrender of Limbin Prince, 60; aids Sir Charles Crosthwaite in obtaining funds for engineering work, 70; commendation on Sir Charles Crosthwaite's speech at the Durbar, 76; with regard to the Shan Expedition, 77, 78; writes on the action at Chinbyit, 89; policy as to autonomous States, 92; agreement with Sir Charles Crosthwaite's views as to police posts, 98; roads through the Chin country, 101; on the work done in Burma, 102; left India, 128

Dunsford, Captain, killed, 28

Durbar, Mandalay, 76; Shan States, 124, 125; Kengtung, 231

Dyson, Mr., Assistant Commissioner at Magwè, 117, 118

Ein-she-min, or War Prince, the Limbin Prince, 157

Elias, C.I.E., Mr. Ney, Chief of the Commission to survey the Frontier and settle disputed points, 219, 220; decisions confirmed, 232

Eliott, Lieutenant L. E., 259-263, 264, 265

Expenditure and Revenue, Upper Burma, army, military police force, incoming revenue, 69, 70

Eyre, Captain, 29, 290, 297

Falam, Tashon capital, 310, 312, 320; headquarters of the Civil Administration, Chin Hills, 324

Faunce, General, 287; Chin Expedition, 306; Chin Lushai, 308, 313; left Burma, 313

Feudatory States of India, 126, 127

Forbes, Lieutenant, 335

Forrest, Major, wounded, 278

Fort Stedman, 124, 126, 147, 151-156, 158, 160, 161, 164, 167, 186

Fort Tregear, 332, 335

Fort White, formerly Tôklaing, 304, 310, 324

Foster, Lieutenant, killed, 318

Fowler, Lieutenant (of the Beleuchis), 185, 188, 189

France, contact on the Siamese frontier to be avoided, 211

French, Indo-China, 130; dominions in Tonquin China, 212; secret treaty with the King of Burma, 214; obtained the Treaty of Chantabun, 232

Frere, Sir Bartle, 99

Fryer, Mr. F. W. (now Sir Frederick Fryer), Commissioner of the Central Division, 12, 29, 55, 104

Fuller, R.A., Captain, 264

Gangaw, 290, 293, 296, 297-328

Gantarawadi, 153, 183

Garfit, Major, 272, 273

Gastrell, Captain, Commandant of the Mandalay battalion, 99

Gatacre, Brigadier-General, 280

Gaudama, Legend of, 38

Gaungu, 300

Gleeson, Mr., 33

Gleig, Major, 290

Golightly, Captain (Colonel R. E. Golightly, D.S.O.), 32

Gordon, Major, arrives at Salin with reinforcements, 28

Gould, Mr., H.M. Representative at Bangkok, 203

Gracey, R.E., Major, chief engineer, Upper Burma, 67-68

Greenaway, Major, 278, 279

Gungaw, 334

Haitsi Lope tribe, 331

Haka, 316, 332-334

Hakas, 288, 309, 332

Hartnoll, Mr. H. S., Deputy Commissioner Minbu, 108, 109

Harvey, Colonel, 191; arrival at Papun, 192

Hastings, Captain, Commandant of the military police at Myingyan (Major-General Edward Spence Hastings, D.S.O.), 63, 64, 98, 113

Hawker, Lieutenant, 264-266

Hertz, Mr. H. F., 277, 279

Hertz, Mr. W. A., 108

Hext, R.N., Captain John, Director of the Indian Marine (now Rear-Admiral Sir John Hext, K.C.I.E.), 48, 71

Heins (Karenni chiefs of divisions), 173

Hildebrand, Mr., 35; accepts the surrender of the Limbin Prince, 60; at Mandalay, to meet Sir Charles Crosthwaite, 74, 76, 77; visit to Shan States, 100, 124; made Civil head in the expedition against the Shans, 148-187; connection with the Karennis, 188-208

Himalaya, Eastern, 133

Hkam Leng, 31, 47, 71; dacoit leader, 269-281

Hkun Hmon, reinstated at Mawkmai, 184, 188

Hkun Kyi, 184

Hkun Nu, 162; appointed Sawbwa of Lawksawk, 163

Hkun Sa, 169

Hkun Saing, first Shan chief to submit to the British Government, 137, 138, 140, 141, 160, 170, 172; concessions made to, 179

Hkun Sang Möng Chen, 185, 186

Hkun Ti, 155

Hlaingdet, 148, 149

Hla U, Sagaing District dacoit leader, 49

Hlawga, 85-87

Hlegyomaw, 263, 266

Hlutlaw (or cabinet), 213

Hmawwaing jungles, 33; gang surrenders, 60

Hmethaya Prince, 270

Hodgkinson, Mr., of the Special Commission, Lower Burma, 25; transferred to Tennasserim, 56; appointed Judicial Commissioner for Upper Burma, 338, 339

Holland, Commander, of the Royal Indian Marine Service, 311

Homalin, 296

Hopong, 151, 152, 154, 169

Hoswata Shendoos, 319

Hpon Kan, 274, 282; Kachins, 283

Hpunkan, 44

Hsahtung, 167; Myoza of, 169; range, 151

Hsawnghsup, Sawbwa of, 33

Hsen, the local headman in Laikha territory, 171

Hsenmawng, 215

Hsenwi, 44, 49, 137-139; Queen of, 140, 141, 146; Alelet, 160; Central, 165, 166; boundaries fixed, revenue, &c., 176, 177; Northern, 165, 268

Hsenyawt annexed to Kengtung, 215

Hsipaw, 31, 137-147, 273; Sawbwa of, 49, 136, 160, 161, 166

Hsumhsai, 137, 141, 142, 160

Hukawng Valley, 234

Hyderabad, 20; Cavalry, 71; Infantry, 85, 89

Indaw River, 252

Indawgyi Lake, 251

Indiarubber tax, 40

Indin, 288, 289, 296, 302

Inle Lake, 124, 142

Ilderton, Major, 60

Ithi tribe, 266

Ireland, F.R.G.S., Alleyne, 44

Irrawaddy, 12, 108, 134, 241; Valley, 30, 133, 311; patrol steam launches, 47; Flotilla Company, 235, 236

Irrigation schemes, existing canals taken over by the British, 69

Jackson, R.E., Lieutenant H. M., 157, 180, 219

Jade duties, 40; mines, farming of, expedition to, 234-267

Jahoota or Ya Hnit, Chief of the Klanklangs, 325, 334, 335

James, R.E., Lieutenant, 334

Jameson, Mr., Inspector-General of Police in Lower Burma, 51, 52

"Jhoom" or "Taungya," primitive cultivation, 325

Jubulpore, 20

Jut, village of, 121

Kabaw Valley, 92, 290, 296, 331

Kachin Hills, 263

Kachins, 75, 130, 131, 138-140, 150, 161, 234-278; Sana, 263; Hpon Kan Kachins, 283; Lweseng, 276; Ton Hon, 276

Kado on the Salween, timber collected, 207

Kalas, or barbarians, 107

Kala Thapa Sing, Gurkha chief, 277

Kalè, Sawbwa of, 33, 49, 288, 294; State, 290, 313, 316

Kalemyo, 290, 311, 316, 328

Kalewa, 290, 294, 297, 311, 312

Kamaing, 251, 261

Kambalè, 296, 297, 302

Kan, 296-299, 311, 315, 328

Kang Hung, largest Trans-Salween State, 210, 213

Kanglu, 185

Kangyi, 302

Kanhows, 287, 296, 306, 312, 331

Kani, 33, 88

Kanlè, 84

Kanpetlet, 330, 336

Kansi Hla, Kansi Naung, rulers in the jade-mine hills, 252, 255

Kantha, 296

Karenni, Eastern, 100, 138; Western, 151; States, 140, 142, 148, 154; chiefs, 151, 152; country, description of, 182

Karennis, 163; expedition against the, Colonel Sartorius and Mr. Scott, 188-208

Karens, Christian, Baptist Mission to, 51; as special constables, 80; scheme to enlist, 131, 132, 167

Karwan, 282

Katha, 8, 31, 93, 238, 257, 269

Kaukon, 150

Kaungi, residence of the Möngpai Sawbwa, 166

Kaw Ferry, 224

Kawlin, 93

Kawpiti, 196

Keary, Major D.S., 334

Kehsi Mansi, 151, 154, 169-173

Kemmedine, 138

Kengcheng, 143

Keng Hkam, 169, 223

Kengtawng, 154, 156, 163, 167, 168; description of, by Mr. Scott, 223

Kengtung, 136, 137, 139, 143-145, 168, 210, 213; description of the city of, 226, 227; Sawbwa, submits, 230-231

Kennedy, Major, 88, 295

Khampat, 296

Khuds, 304

Kidderpore, 49

Kingston, Major, 301

Kin Le Gyi, maid-of-honour to Supayalat, 88

Kin Möngs, headman, 173

Kinwan Mingyi, Minister of State, 76

Klanklangs submission of, 319

Knox, Captain, 104

Kokang, 43

Kôkkozu, 83

Koset, 303

Ko-up, 223

Kubo Valley, 302

Kugyo, 150, 151

Kukis tribe, 331

Kun Aw (Pa-ôk-Chok of Möngyai), 169

Kun Hmon, 218

Kun Kyi, Sawbwa of Möngnai, 144, 145, 158, 167

Kunlon Ferry, 75, 178

Kun Meik, 141

Kun Noi, 218

Kunze, 298

Kyabin Myoôk, 83

Kyadet, 87, 88

Kyannyat, 46

Kyatsakan, 149

Kyaukhnyat, 192, 204

Kyaukpyu, 330

Kyauksè, 8, 13, 49, 65, 69, 99, 338

Kyaw, 121, 295, 301

Kyawgaung, 282

Kwungli, 322

Kyaw Zaw (Lawksawk chief) gang broken up, 232

Kyem Meung, heir-apparent of Kengtung, 228

Kyungyaung, 279

Lahore, 20

Laikha, 151, 154, 156, 169; Sawbwa of, 171

Lakun, tribe, 266

Lanchein, 278

Lansdowne, Marquis of, made Viceroy, 128

Laos, 217

Lashio, 140, 177, 223

Late tribe, 331

Lataung tribe, 263

Laungshe, 329

Lawksawk, 33, 99, 141-154, 162

Legaing, 110

Legya Queen, one of King Mindon's wives, 142

Lepei tribe, 262, 263, 266

Letha range, 303

Leveson, Mr. H. G. A., of the India Civil Service and Burman Commission, 232

Limbin Confederacy, 34, 143-151, 155

Limbin Prince, 60, 145, 146, 151-158

Lindaung, 83

Lockhart, General Sir William, 18; work in Eastern Division, 33; work among dacoits, 61

Loikaw, 190-196

Loilong, 167

Lon Pein (Chinaman farmer of jade-mine taxes), 244-246

Low, G.C.B. Brigadier-General Sir Robert Cunlilfe, 29, 64, 91, 102, 108

Lugalegzi arrested, 121

Lushai country, Chin-, 308-336

Lweseng, 274, 276, 278, 280

Macdonald, Captain, 264, 265

MacDonnell, Mr. A. P. (now Lord MacDonnell, P.C., G.C.S.I.), Home Secretary to the Government of India--acted for Sir Charles Crosthwaite when on sick-leave, 120

Macgregor, Colonel, 301

Mackenzie, K.C.S.I., Sir Alex., Lieut-Governor, Bengal, 340

Macnabb, Lieutenant D. J. C. (now Major Macnabb, Commissioner of the Sagaing Division), 64, 121, 333, 334

Macpherson, Lieut.-General Sir Herbert, transferred to Burma, death of, 18

Magwè, 32, 61, 96, 99, 102; trouble in district of, 115-127

Maingmawgyi, 136

Mainwaring, Colonel, 335

Makau tribe, 263

Maklang, famous banyan-tree Mai Hung Kan at, 223

Malin, 275

Mandalay, 2, 8, 19, 26, 31, 46, 67, 71, 74, 88, 133, 137-142, 146, 160-164; and Lashio Railway, 61, 125, 126; and Shwèbo Canal, 69

_Mandat_, or temporary hall, 175

Manders, Surgeon, 197

Manglön, 160; chief's submission to British Government, 320

Manhé, 241

Manipur, 134

Manpun, 271, 273

Mansi, route for traders, 75, 178, 282, 285

Manton, 278

Marip tribe, 266

Maung An Taw Ni, township officer of Legaing, 110

Maung Ba, 88

Maung Gyi, 33

Maung Kala, dacoit leader, death of, 60

Maung Kala, magistrate in British service, 236, 250; assassinated, 237

Maung Kan, Thi, 109

Maung Ket, Sawbwa of Kalè, 288

Maung Kin, 109

Maung Lat, 33

Maung Nwa, a Kalè official, 305

Maung Ohn, 60

Maung Po Min, the interpreter, 86

Maung Po O, 85

Maung Sa, 141

Maung Se, 141

Maung Swè, story of, 27

Maung Tha Dun, 289

Maung Tha Gyi, 85-89

Maung Tok San, 289

Maung Ya Baw, 109

Mawkmai, trade relations between Moulmein and, 157, 158, 165; Sawbwa of, claims Möng Pu, 167-169, 217; restored to Möng Mau and Mehsakun, 221

May, Colonel, 31, led the troops against Set Kya, a pretender, 70

Maymyo (Pinulwin) 31, 164

Mehawnghsawn, 217

Mehsakun, 216, 217, 221

Meiktila, 8, 60, 61

Mekong, River, 133, 136, 143, 210, 232

Menam, River, 133

Mèpai Chaung, 204

Mewettaung Range, 156

Milne, Mrs. Leslie, extract from "Shans at Home," 285

Minbu, 8, 28, 32, 62, 69, 83, 91, 102, 107, 119, 120, 330

Mindôn, King of Upper Burma, reign, character, taxation, &c., 3, 110, 139, 140, 170, 270; wife of (Legya), 142

Minhla, 7, 8, 26, 62, 90, 91

Minlèdaung tribe, 322

Min O, 106

Minogue, Lieutenant, 99

Mintainbin, 87

Min Yaung, 32, 115

Mobingyis tribe, 331

Mobye, 192

Mocatta, Lieutenant, 335

Mogaung, 30, 77, 101; Expedition to, 234-286

Mogok, capital of Ruby Mines, 31, 45-47, 271

Mohlaing, 31, 47

Mohnyin, 238, 257

Molè River (tributary of Irrawaddy), 44, 240, 273

Molo, 280

Môn, Valley of, 83, 108

Möng Hang, 168, 215

Möng Hsat, 168, 169

Möng Hsu, 172

Möng Hta, 168, 215

Möngkung, 151, 154; Myozas of, 169-172

Möng Kyawt, 168, 215

Möng Leng, 268

Mönglon, 141, 142

Möng Löng, 139

Möngmau, 216, 217

Möngmit, Shan States, 31, 47, 268-286

Möngnai, town of, 137, 144, 146, 151, 152; Sawbwa, 60, 136, 143, 145, 152-169, 215; decorated, 124

Möngnawng Sawbwa, 145; Myoza, 169; town, 161; State, 172

Möngpai Sawbwa accepts British suzerainty, 151, 152, 165, 166

Möngpan, 165-169, 215

Möngpawn, 153-158; Sawbwa, 145, 169

Möngping, 151

Möngpu, appropriated by Kengtung, 215

Möngsang, 172

Möngsit (son-in-law of Möngpawn), 155; Myoza, 169

Möng Tang, 215

Möngtung, 142, 160, 168, 169

Möngyai, 140, 160-167, 172

Monywa, 68, 88

Moring, Ltd., Alexander, 43

Morison, C.E.I., Mr. Wm. Thomson, of the Indian Civil Service, Bombay Presidency, 85; joined Lieutenant Plumer, 86-87

Moulmein, 133, 151, 157, 158, 211

Mozo, 298

Mu River, 71; Valley line, 338

Mueng Fai, Siamese district of, 216

Mwebingyi, Chief of, 320

Mwelpi, 331

Myat Hmon, 33, 60

Myauk-Kodaung, 280

Myélat (central division, Shan States), 142, 149-150; submission of, 151, 153, 166

Myinmu, 64

Myingun Prince, 31, 84, 214

Myingyan, 8, 31, 63, 83, 92, 99, 102, 110, 113, 116, 301

Myinzaing Prince, 140, 141, 147

Myitkyina Railway, 246

Myitson, 269

Myittha River, 293, 311

Myoôk, township officers and members of subordinate Civil Service, 162

Myotha, 237

Myothit, 32, 117

Myo-thugyi Town Mayor of Pakokku, 63; mother of, visited by Sir Charles Crosthwaite, 63

Myowun, City Governor of Mandalay, 76

Naga Cachar, 287

Nagpur, 19

Nam Pilu River, 152

Nam Hkok Myoza, 169

Namhsan, 177, 178

Namkham, route for traders, 75, 285

Nam Nyim River, 157

Nam Pang River, 223

Nam Teng Valley, 223

Namthein River (affluent of Uyu), 253

Nang Mya, niece of Mawkmai chief, Né Noi, 217

Nang U, marriages, 144

Nankathe River, 321; tribe, Trans-, 322

Nanpapa, 261, 266

Nanti, 241

Napawng River, 251

Natmauk, 116

Natogyi, 83

Naungmawn (brother of Möngpawn), 155

Naw Hpa, Sawbwa of Hsenwi, 139, 140, 146; submits to British Government, 147, 160, 166, 169, 173

Naw Möng, son of Naw Hpa, 139, 140, 146; submits to British Government, 147, 160, 166, 169, 173, 176-179

Nawng Wawn Myoza, 169

Naylor, C.S.I., C.I.E., Mr. Henry Todd, of the Indian Civil Service, 55; as Financial Commissioner of Burma, 55; sent to take charge of Magwè District, 120, 121

Negrais, Cape, 287

Neinsin, 284

Né Noi, the Kolan or nine-fathom Sawbwa, 217

Né Nwe, 183

Nga Aw, 166

Nga Kaing, 195

Nga Kè, one of Ya Nyun's men, 111, 112

Nga Kin, 109

Nga Kway, 83

Ngapè, 27, 28

Nga Pyo, 89

Ngathaingyaung, 40

Ngwite tribe, 331

Nilgiri Hills, 120

Ningyan, afterwards called Pyinmana, 8

Nugent, Lieutenant commanding at Möngmit, killed, 271

Nurtama, 83

Nyaungbintha, 266

Nyaungywe or Yawnghwè, 142

Nwi-tes tribe, 331

O'Donnell, Lieutenant (Colonel Hugh O'Donnell, D.S.O.), Bhamo and Mogaung affairs, 238, 240, 249, 260, 261; report by, 265-267, 277

Ogle, Mr. (India Survey Department), 264

Ôktama, story of, 27-29, 32; methods of government, defence, &c., 107-109; capture of, 110

Opium regulations, 40, 41; Acts, 42, 43; Buddha's teaching against, 44

Padein, 28

Pagan, 7, 8, 31, 63, 68, 83, 84, 91, 102; Min, 3; Prince, 39

Pagyi, 33, 84, 85, 88

Pakangyi, 33

Pakan Prince, 39

Pakokku, 63, 92, 102, 290, 293-301, 311, 315, 330

Palaungs (Northern Shan tribe), 138, 268, 276

Palmer, R.E., Lieutenant, 302

Panga Sawbwa, 263

Panglon, 179

Panlaung, valley of the, 31

Panthays, 75, 150; methods of travelling, 222, 225

Pa-ôk-chok, 140, 160, 169, 173, 174

Papun, 191, 192

Pathans, 235

Pauk, 83, 290, 295

Paw Kwe, 47

Payagon, 152

Pazaung, 192

Pegu, annexation of, 1; Yomas, 61, 116; division, 90

Peile, Captain S. C. F. (later Lieut.-Colonel), Executive Commissariat officer, 58; made director of supply to outposts of military police, 59; "History of Burma Military Police," 131

Pè Möng Mountains, 225

Phayas, local rulers, 168

Phayre, Colonel Sir Arthur P., 27, 134; Mr. Robert, 26, 27; death of, 28

Philippine Commission, 44

Phillips, Lieutenant, 301

Pin township, 117

Pink, Captain Francis J. (Colonel F. J. Pink, C.B., C.M.G., D.S.O.), 219

Plumer, Lieutenant, accompanied Mr. W. T. Morison against Maung Tha Gyi, 85, 86

Pobye, Karenni chief, 151, 152, 166

Po Hkine, 122

Poh Myah, 251

Poi tribes, 322

Police force, gradual creation of efficient, 128-132; military, 54, 68; posts and patrols, military replaced by police, 95-99; work of Indian, 97

Pon Chaung, 196

Pondaung Range, 84, 85, 294

Pondicherry, 31

Pongyis, 37-40, 62, 150; monks and teachers, 339, 340

Po O, 85

Popa Mountain district, 31, 91; country, 98, 110

Porter, Mr., Deputy Commissioner, Pyinmana, 121

Po Saung, 83

Po Saw, 243-274

Prendergast, General Sir Harry, 2, 8, 26

Prome, 26, 121

Public Works Service grants, 67, 68

Pu Chang Se banished (first husband of Nang Mya), 217

Pulley, Captain, 152

Punjab, 94; Northern, 311

Punjabis, 84, 154

Pwehla, 148, 150

Pyindeik Pass, 149

Pyinmana, 13, 61, 116, 120

Pyinulwin, 31, 70

Pyinyaung, 149

Quesne, Captain Le (Army Medical Corps), awarded Victoria Cross, 305

Raikes, Captain (afterwards Major), Deputy Commissioner, Chindwin, 85; system to overthrow dacoits, 105, 106; meeting with Tashon chiefs, 289; Chin-Lushai campaign, 311, 312; illness of, 328

Railways, Tengyneh, 75; Toungoo-Mandalay, Mandalay-Lashio, 124; Mu Valley line, &c., 338

Rainey, Lieutenant R. M. (now Colonel Rainey-Robinson), commandant of the Levy (Chin Frontier Camp), 328, 336

Rajputs, 43

Rangoon, 2, 7, 50, 51, 54, 59, 61, 65, 138, 151, 157, 166, 270

Reduction of Field Force, 70-73

Revenue, 337

Richards, Lieutenant, 264

Richards, Mr., assisted Sir Charles Bernard, Superintending Engineer of Public Works Department, 66

Rimmer, Mr., Commander in the Irrawaddy Flotilla Service, 244, 245

Ripon, Lord, 19

Roads and communications in Burma, 66-68, 100, 338

Roberts, Sir Frederick, sanctions reinforcements, 17, 18; search for dacoits, 28

Ross, Mr. D., 290, 301, 314, 328, 332, 334

Ruby Mines, 8, 31, 44; concession to, 46; military police at, 58; British occupation of, 268; operations in, 309

Rumai, 43

Rundall, Captain F. M., 330-332

Sadaw, 40

Safdar Ali, a Mussulman (native of India), interpreter in Bhamo and Mogaung, 245

Saga, a dacoit leader, 121, 122, 191, 295

Sagadaung, 46

Sagaing, 8, 64, 88, 96, 99, 103, 118, 119

Sagu, 108

Sagyilains, 287, 292-331

Sagyun, 83

Sakangyi, 197

Salin, 28, 64, 83, 108

Salween, hill tracts, 148; river, 133, 139, 143, 158, 169, 209-233; Trans-, 136, 139, 158, 163, 170, 209-233; Cis-, 139, 169, 180, 209-233

Samôn, Valley of, 31

Sana, 266

Sang Aw, 140, 173

Sang Hai (usurper Hsenwi), 139

San Ton Hon, 49, 77, 139-147, 160, 161, 166, 169, 172-176, 178

Sartorius, C.B., Colonel George Conrad, of the Beleuchi Regiment, 184, 185, 188

Sassum tribe, 266

Sawadi, 282

Sawbwas, superior chiefs, Shan States, office of, sons of, 134-136, 161

Sawlapaw, chief of Eastern Karenni, 138, 153, 154, 166, 167, 183-207

Sawlapawgyi, 153

Sawlawi, the Kya Maung, or heir-apparent of Sawlapaw, 198; appointed chief of Karenni, order of his appointment, 202

Sawlôn (capital of Eastern Karenni), 191; occupation of, 192; description of, 197

Saw Möng, Sawbwa of Yawnghwè, 142, 143, 281

Saw Ôn, Sawbwa of Yawnghwè, 143, 146, 150, 166, 179, 182

Saw Waing, ex-Sawbwa of Lawksawk, 154, 214

Saw Yan Naing, 49, 146, 270-281

Scott, Mr. J. G. (Sir J. George Scott, K.C.I.E.), 43; expedition against the Shans, 148-187; appointed to assist Mr. A. H. Hildebrand, 209, 216, 219, 220; expedition to Trans-Salween States, 224-233

Segrave, Mr., Superintendent of Police, 274

Set kya, a pretender, attacked by Colonel May, 70, 99; captured by the Lawksawk chief, 232

Shan Hills, 31, 99; plateau or thonze, 92, 141, 148; race, or Tai branch, 133, 144

Shan States, difficulties in dealing with, 21, 34; durbar, 76, 77, 124-127; expedition against, 133-187; at peace and policy, 159-164

Shans, Chinese, 138; effort to win confidence of, 148, 152; Sawbwas, 153; at home, quoted, 285

Shaw, Mr., accompanied Major Greenaway, 279

Shawy, Yoe (_nom de plume_ of Mr. J. G. Scott), 148

Sherriff, Mr., Representative of Rangoon Chamber of Commerce, 285

Shitywagyaung, 294

Shonshé, 301

Shwèbo, 8, 31, 88

Shwè Gya, 248-254, 264

Shwègyin, 54

Shwègyobyu, Prince of Lower Chindwin, 84, 85, 290, 292, 312

Shwèkinyo Prince, 115

Shwèli, Lower, 269

Shwè Yan (guerilla leader), invades Ava and Kyauksè districts, 65, 270; death of, 99

Siam, 138

Siamese, 136-138; claim to Shan country, 167-169; claim to Karenni, 202-208; invasion of Kengtung, 214-216; methods of marking villagers, 221

Sibsong Panna (twelve provinces), 233

Sidoktaya, 32

Sihaung, 293, 297

Sikaw, 274

Simla, embassy to, 19; Sir George White's despatch from, 98

Simpson, Sir Benjamin, K.C.I.E., surgeon-general, 91

Sinbo, 238, 241, 266

Sinbyugyun, 49, 83

Singu, 149, 150

Sinkan, 270, 274, 275, 282

Sipein, 280

Sittang River, 12; Valley, 30, 32

Si-u, 274, 280

Siyins, 287, 292, 293, 312, 320, 322; submission of the, 324, 331

Skene, Colonel, 319, 320

Sladen, Colonel (Sir E. B. Sladen), 7, 8

Smeaton, Mr. (the late Donald Mackenzie Smeaton, C.S.I., M.P.), made Chief Secretary, 56; Commissioner of Central Division, account of cruelty of dacoits in Pagyi country, 121, 122

Sokte tribe, 287, 322, 331

Sonpek, Tashon chief, 289, 294

"Soul of a People" quoted, 24

Stanton, D.S.O., Lieutenant, of the Intelligence Department, 180

Stedman, Colonel E. (now Sir Edward Stedman, G.C.B., K.C.I.E.), 35, 36, 50; appointed Inspector-General of Police in Upper Burma, constitution and training of military police, supplies, &c., 56-59, 72; leader of expedition to open trade routes through Shan States, 149-152; Fort (named after Colonel Stedman), 124, 126, 147, 151-187

Stewart, Lieutenant John, 319

Su Gaung, 83

Sumput, 279

Supayalat, Queen, 6, 88

Sylet Hills, 287

Symes, Mr. E. (the late Sir E. Symes), 55, 114

Symons, Colonel W. Penn, expedition against Maung Tha Gyi, 85-89; sent to settle disturbances in Sagaing, 104; plan to deport those aiding dacoits, 105; succeeds the command in Nyingyan and Magwè, 118-120; Chin-Lushai Campaign report, 329; Thetta report, 333; Klanglangs report, 334, 335

Swetenham, Major, 154, 164, 181

Szechuen, 43, 156

Tabayin, 40

Tabet, 162

Taeping River, tributary of the Irrawaddy, 240

Tai, Siamese branch of Indo-Chinese, 133, 134

Taiktaga San driven out of Mehawnghsawn, 217

Taingda, 32; Mingyi, 111

Tamhpak, 162

Ta Möngs (Shan headmen), 173

Tao, 319, 335

Tapaw, 245

Ta Sanglè, ferry on the Salween, 219

Tashons (nicknamed Baungshès by the Burmans), submission of, 288, 289, 293, 310, 312, 322

Taungbaw, 259, 260

Taungdwingyi, 8, 32, 64, 102, 115-119

Taunggyo, 327

Taunglet, southern portion of Hsenwi, 140

Taungtek, 317

Tahwepon, ferry on the Salween, 218

Tawngpeng, 165, 177-179, 268

Tawphaya, Chief Minister of Kengtung, 228

Tawyan tribe, 322

Temple, Sir Richard, 126

Tengyueh, 75

Thabeikkyin, 47

Thade's gang, 83

Thama Sawbwa, 262, 263

Tharrawaddy, 55, 90, 95, 148

Thathanabaing, Pongyi, 37, 39

Thayetmyo, 54, 55, 62, 82, 83, 90, 116, 117

Thebaw, King, rule, character, and submission, 2, 6, 7, 103, 140-145, 214

Theinni (Hsenwi), 77, 174

Thetta, 309, 333, 334

Thibet, 133

Thonze, or Hsumhsai, 141

Thugyis (village headmen), 111, 122

Tohon Range, 274

Tokgyi, 115

Tôklaing, 304

Tongking, 134

Tonnochy, Captain, 124

Touche, Mr. J. D. La (Sir James La Touche), 12; Commissioner of Southern Division, 29

Toungoo, 29, 30, 61; and Mandalay Railway, 126, 152

Tregear, Brigadier-General (Major-General Sir Vincent William Tregear, K.C.B.), 319, 323

Triscott, R.A., C.B., D.S.O., Colonel Charles Prideaux, Commander of the force in the Expedition to the Jade Mines, 240-255

Tuck, Mr. H. N., 334

Tucker, Mr. Henry St. George, Commissioner of Eastern Division, 12, 29; meets Sir Charles Crosthwaite, 60, 61

Tungzang, 332

Twet, Ga Lu (formerly a monk, a native of Kentawng), 144; leader against the Limbin Confederacy, 145, 154, 156, 163, 168; driven out of Kentawng, surrender and death, 184-187

Twingé, 271

Twomey, Mr., 238, 257, 259

U Po (Cadet of Hsenwi House), 139

Uyu River, 253

Victoria, Queen-Empress, 125, 136-138, 146, 155, 158, 180, 190

Victoria, Mount, 330, 336

Village regulations, 81

Wa States, 43

Wales, their R.H. the Prince and Princess of, 163; H.R.H. Prince Albert Victor of, 121

Wallace, Lieutenant, 155, 157

Wanyin Myoza, 169

Waranaung, 266

Warry, Mr., 40, 240-244, 283

Washa, 284

Welaung, 110, 111, 113

Welôn, 83

Wetherell, Mr., killed, 333

Whenohs tribe, 322

White, Major-General Sir George, describes military difficulties, 14; asks for reinforcements, 16; takes command, 18; Upper Burma subjugated, 18; consultation with Sir C. Crosthwaite, 29; question of helping Hsipaw, 50; meets Sir C. Crosthwaite, 65; on communications, 66; as administrator, 70; expedition against dacoits in Sagaing district, 71, 72; expedition into Shan States, 76, 77; preparations against Maung Tha Gyi, 85; trouble expected with the Wuntho Sawbwa, 92-94; despatch on casualties in the army, 98; equips the force for Mogaung expedition, 239; consultation with Sir C. Crosthwaite as to protection against Chins, 296; operations against Chins, 300-307

White, Mr. Herbert Thirkell (now Sir H. T. White, K.C.S.I., late Lieut.-Governor of Burma), 46; sent with Colonel Stedman to open roads through Hsumhsai, 141, 142; deputation to Hsumhsai, 146

Willcocks, Captain (now Lieut.-General Sir James Willcocks, K.C.M.G., C.B., D.S.O.) intelligence officer, 329

Williams, R.A., Lieutenant, Staff Officer to Captain Triscott, R.A., 240

Wilson, R.N., Captain, Port Officer at Rangoon, 311

Wolseley, C.B., Brigadier-General George (afterwards General Sir George Wolseley, C.B.), 283-286

Wun, Governor of Kani, murdered, 33

Wundwin, 60, 154

Wunkadaw, ruler of Pakokku, and her son, the _Myo-thugyi_, 63, 92

Wuntho Sawbwo (Shan chief), 30, 90-94, 281

Yabon, 279

Ya Hnit (chief of the Klanklangs), 334, 335

Yahows, 322

Yamèthin, 8, 61, 120

Yangtze, Upper, 134

Ya Nyun, dacoit leader, 98, 110; account of his doings, 111-113; surrenders, 114

Yan Sin, dacoit leader, 83

Yaw country, 32, 63, 290, 291, 295; river and valley, 292, 295

Yawdwin, 329, 330, 336

Yawlu, 319

Yaw Mingyi, 111

Yawnghwè or Burmese Nyaungywe, 137, 139, 142, 146-153; Sawbwa decorated, 124; assisted Colonel Symons, 194

Yénangyaung, 27, 83, 84, 117, 118

Yendus, 327, 329, 336

Yen Shwèbo, 105

Ye-u, 8, 31

Yokwa tribe, 309, 317, 318, 332-334

Yoma, Arakan-, 32; gangs, 117 Pegu-, 32, 61, 116

Yomas, 116, 120, 121

Yunnan, 42, 75, 77, 133, 134, 143, 156

Ywama, 320, 321; Klanklang Ywama, 334; Tashon, 320, 321

Ywathit, 219

Zédi, 260

Zeittaung, 121

Zimme (Chiengmai), 167

The Gresham Press, UNWIN BROTHERS, LIMITED WOKING AND LONDON.

* * * * * *

Transcriber's note:

Obvious errors of punctuation and diacritics were corrected.

Hyphen removed: Hnaw[-]waing (index entry), water[-]way (p. 244).

p. 83: "Yéuangyaung" changed to "Yénangyaung".

p. 100: "beginnng" changed to "beginning" (beginning to demand attention).

pp. 117 (twice), 264: "Assistant Comissioner" changed to "Assistant Commissioner".

p. 122: "measurer" changed to "measures" (stern measures of repression).

p. 123: "pacticable" changed to "practicable" (so far as was practicable).

p. 133: "insigificant" changed to "insignificant" (with some insignificant exceptions).

p. 136: "Nothern" changed to "Northern" (Northern Shan States).

p. 172: "Sang Ton Hon" changed to "San Ton Hon".

p. 177: "arrangments" changed to "arrangements" (made arrangements for its progress).

p. 200: "occount" changed to "account" (on account of Sunday).

p. 220: "faily" changed to "fairly" (each of these posts were fairly large).

p. 239: "equiqment" changed to "equipment" (Much care was given to the composition and equipment).

p. 252: "peacable" changed to "peaceable" (our peaceable intentions).

p. 276: "enlightend" changed to "enlightened" (the example of more enlightened princes).

pp. 303 (twice), 306: "Sagyilaings" changed to "Sagyilains".

p. 315 (fn): "rifle" changed to "rifles".

p. 322, index entry: "Mintèdaung" changed to "Minlèdaung".

p. 350, index entry for Nang Mya: "cheif" changed to "chief".