The old and the new Peru

PAGE HIS EXCELLENCY DR. JOSÉ PARDO, PRESIDENT OF THE PERUVIAN REPUBLIC _Fronts._ THE COAT-OF-ARMS OF PERU _Title page_ GIRDLE FOUND IN THE CEMETERY OF PACHACÁMAC 17 SOUTHWESTERN...

The historian of the Conquerors who described the newly discovered Peru as “the Ophir of the Occident” gave it a name which modern research proves to have been singularly approp...

Throughout the annals of history there is found no parallel to the extraordinary character and development of the great empire of the Incas, whose glory and splendor attained su...

Although Viracocha was one of the greatest monarchs of Cuzco, it was his son who brought the Inca dynasty to such a high degree of prestige and power that the great empire gaine...

While the empire of the Incas was approaching the zenith of its greatness in America, Spain was extending the power and prestige of the House of Austria throughout Europe under...

The Conquest of Peru was not undertaken without a solemn appeal to heaven, a ceremony which formed the prelude to all enterprises in those days, of whatever character or purpose...

After the Conquest, all the Spanish dominions in the New World were divided under two governments, one of which was subject to the Viceroy of Mexico and the other to the Viceroy...

When the devout and fearless protector of the Indians presented his memorable appeal to the Crown of Spain in behalf of the conquered races of the New World, he gave expression...

Peru, the centre and stronghold of Spanish colonial power and prestige in South America for three centuries, was governed by conditions that did not prevail in the other provinc...

The Independence of Peru was the crowning glory of the Spanish-American revolution. Here, in the heart and centre of colonial monarchism, where the very existence of society see...

The inauguration of Dr. José Pardo took place amid the enthusiastic demonstrations of a people who recognized in their chosen leader a statesman of upright character and worthy...

The national constitution, on which is based the present political organization of Peru, stands a lasting monument to the patriotism and genius of the statesmen in whose hands w...

With an inheritance of legend, romance, and wealth that gives its history extraordinary charm, Lima, “The Thrice-crowned City,” enjoys the distinction of being the most renowned...

If the Spanish-Americans have inherited from their European ancestors too much of the aristocratic pride and military arrogance that distinguished Peninsular crusaders, they hav...

In accordance with the liberal principles of an independent nation, one of the first acts of the government, after the inauguration of the republic, was to issue a decree on the...

Founded in 1551, nearly a hundred years before Harvard received its charter, the University of San Marcos is the oldest educational institution of America. Under the royal seal...

Charity and kindness of heart are qualities that radiate from moral worth as truly as learning and refinement reflect intellectual superiority, and the benevolent institutions o...

Tradition says that when Maita-Ccapac first led his army across the Apurimac River, some of his soldiers were so enchanted by the attractions of the country, especially the pict...

Although Peru lies entirely within the tropics, and close to the equator, yet its climate cannot be called equatorial, nor is the vegetation exclusively that of the Torrid Zone....

Whoever has made a voyage along the coast of Peru must have noticed the thousands of birds that flock in the neighborhood of the Chincha islands, near Pisco, on the Guañape bank...

Callao, the chief seaport of Peru, and one of the most important on the Pacific coast, possesses an especial historical as well as commercial interest. As the City of the Kings...

The increasing importance of Peru’s seaport trade is largely due to the prosperous development of agriculture, which is annually becoming a more valuable source of revenue to th...

As the valley of the Nile became the seat of Egyptian civilization when all the rest of Africa was in barbarism, so, in the western world, the valleys of the coast region of Per...

When Pizarro chose the valley of Piura as the site on which to found the first Spanish city in Peru, he was especially attracted by its fertility and the abundance of water that...

From Lima southward, the coast valleys resemble those of Southern California, though no idea of their beauty and fertility is to be gained from a view of the coast line, which h...

At the time of the Independence, Arica was a province of Arequipa, which then comprised, in addition to its present territory, the provinces of Moquegua, Arica, and Tarapacá. Af...

All the world is familiar with stories of the Incas’ splendor and the viceroys’ luxury, based on the enormous riches of Peruvian mines in past centuries. Gold and silver seem to...

The central mining region of the sierra is connected with the chief national seaport by the Central Railway, or, as it is popularly called, the Oroya Route, one of the most impo...

In no country have greater obstacles been overcome in the construction of railways and public roads than in Peru, the physical features of which present the most varied peculiar...

The extension of railways in Peru is destined to aid greatly in the development of one of the most promising industries of the country, the raising of cattle, sheep, alpacas, an...

As the Imperial City of the Children of the Sun, Cuzco was, four centuries ago, the metropolis of a vast domain, greater in extent and richer in treasure than most civilized cou...

The region of the Montaña lies chiefly in the Amazon plain, where the rubber trees and hardwoods of commerce grow in abundance, though on its western and southern border it exte...

All the commerce of the Department of Loreto passes through its capital, Iquitos, which is the chief port of the Amazon in Peru, and is one of the important rubber-exporting cen...

Large steamers ascend the Amazon for three thousand miles, passing the boundary line between Brazil and Peru at the port of Tabatinga and continuing beyond Iquitos for hundreds...

The amount of foreign capital invested in Peru runs far into the millions. North Americans have led in the successful inauguration of large foreign enterprises, though English,...

Few countries have been visited by such great extremes of fortune as Peru, at one time reckoned among the richest in the world and at another accounted so poor as to be borderin...

The old Peru is passing,—the dominant traits of the nation are changing,—new life is apparent in its ideals, its institutions, in the spirit that rules society and politics, in...