Part 2

In the refuse heaps and ash pits were found the bones of the animals used for food, charred corn, hickory nuts, walnuts, butter nuts, acorns, hazel nuts, beans, seeds of the papaw, wild plum, etc. About thirty-five per cent. of the bones taken from these pits were of the Virginia deer. The bones of the black bear, raccoon, elk, ground-hog, wild-cat, muskrat, squirrel, beaver, wild turkey, wild duck, wild goose, trumpeter swan, great horn owl, barred owl, were found in abundance. But perhaps the most interesting of the animal bones found were those of the Indian dog. Skulls and parts of skeletons were taken from the pits in great numbers. Professor F. W. Putnam, of Harvard University, who has been making a study of the skulls of the dog taken from the mounds and burial places of Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, Ohio, Kentucky, New York, and from the great shell heaps in Maine, says that a distinct variety or species of dog was distributed over North America in pre-Columbian times, and by comparison he finds that the dog found in America is the same variety of dog found in the ancient site of the Swiss Lake dwellers, and also in the ancient tombs of Thebes in Egypt, and claims that the variety of the pre-Columbian dog is apparently identical with the pure breed Scotch collie of today, while Mr. F. A. Lucas, of the U. S. National Museum, describes the dog found in the Baum Village as resembling very much the bull terrier in size and proportion, and states that the same species have been found in the village sites in Texas and the old Puebloes.

A FOLIICOLOUS FORM OF SORGHUM SMUT AND NOTES ON INFECTION EXPERIMENTS.

W. A. KELLERMAN. (Plate 2.)

On January 1st, 1900, several pots in the Botanical greenhouse of the Ohio State University were planted to sorghum, Kaffir corn, maize, sweet-corn and pop-corn. The seeds were previously moistened and mixed with a large quantity of head-smut of sorghum taken from smutted sorghum plants also from maize infected with the same fungus. This species was named _Ustilago reiliana_ by Kühn in 1868 from specimens collected in Egypt.

The plants developed rapidly and normally, though the stems were slender and did not reach the normal height. The panicles appeared early and only in a comparatively few cases showed infection.

In one case an anomalous specimen appeared, namely, a sweet corn plant with the upper leaves as well as the panicle infected. This form therefore differs from the type in being in part foliicolous and may be designated as _Ustilago_ (_Cintractia_[2]) _reiliana_ forma _foliicola_ nov. for. Figures 1 and 2, Plate 2, show the appearance of the infected plant, the one representing an earlier and the other a later stage of the emergence of the smut mass.

Footnote 2:

Mr. G. P. Clinton regards this fungus as a Cintractia rather than an Ustilago.

It may be remarked further that I have repeatedly tried seed inoculation experiments, mostly in the greenhouse but also occasionally in the field.

In the latter case in the summer of 1900, I obtained from a plot of many hundred stalks including field-corn, sweet-corn, pop-corn, sorghum, Kaffir corn and broom corn only three cases of smutted plants. These were of sweet-corn, both the tassel and ear being affected. The previous year about the same per cent. of successful inoculations were obtained. But in the greenhouse the experiments have uniformly resulted in the production of a considerable number of smutted stalks of sorghum and occasionally an infected plant of maize. These have for the most part been reported in print, the first account appearing in Bulletin No. 23, Kansas Experiment Station, in the year 1891.

I have now growing in the botanical greenhouse three sets of sorghum plants raised from seeds planted January 1, 1898, January 1, 1899, and January 1, 1900. Only the plants have been retained which showed successful inoculation experiments. They have been shifted to larger pots from time to time, but the plants make only a stunted growth. The new stalks that appear now and then are invariably affected, though sometimes one of the panicles, either the one terminating the main stem or one of the side branches may be free from visible smut. It is thus evident that this species of smut is perennial where its host lives from year to year. Figure 3 shows a photograph of one of the plants started in the greenhouse in 1899, its first stem producing an infected panicle. Figure 4 shows a plant grown in 1900, the first or central panicle not exhibiting the smut, but later when panicles from the side branches appeared, they were seen to be smutted.

It seems that another experimenter, whom I will quote, has succeeded scarcely as well. Mr. G. P. Clinton, the assistant Botanist of the Illinois Experiment Station, Urbana, Illinois, in Bulletin No. 57 (March, 1900) reports as follows: “Apparently from the experiments of Kellerman, infection takes place through the germinating seed, though the per cent. of infection he produced was rather small. In ’98 field experiments were conducted here with a view of infecting the Orange variety of sorghum with this smut. In one case the seed was mixed with an abundance of spores and in others these spores were sprayed in water or manure water on the young parts of the plants when about six inches high. In none of the several hundred plants that matured was any sign of the smut found. It is very likely that the variety used may have had something to do with the negative results, as it was not the same from which the smut was taken.”

The head-smut of sorghum is not to be confused with another species that occurs on the same host. The one now referred to is a grain-smut, that is, the panicle as a whole is not included, but the individual grains become smutted. This species has been called _Ustilago sorghi_, but Mr. Clinton regards it as a Cintractia, namely, _Cintractia sorghi-vulgaris_ (Tul.) Clint. It is more common than the former, occurring often on sorghum and broom corn.

The head-smut of sorghum, _Ustilago_ or _Cintractia reiliana_, was first found in this country by Prof. J. T. Willard at Manhattan, Kansas, in 1890, in a plot grown for purposes of chemical investigation. The same year it was detected by Dr. Halsted in New Jersey. I found it in Ohio in 1897 and it is now reported for Illinois by Mr. Clinton. In all these cases it occurred only on sorghum, but Prof. Hitchcock has reported it as not uncommon on maize in fields about Manhattan, Kansas.

Illustration: _Plate_ 2: KELLERMAN ON SORGHUM SMUT.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 2.—Ustilago or Cintractia reiliana. Figure 1: The foliicolous form occurring on sweet-corn, the panicle not yet emerged, but the smut on upper leaves in sight. Figure 2: Same as in Figure 1, showing a later stage of maturity. Figure 3: An infected sorghum plant in the greenhouse, photographed in 1899, the panicle smutted. Figure 4: An infected sorghum plant, grown in the greenhouse in 1900, the central panicle sound, the later (side) panicles smutted.

A LIST OF HEMIPTERA COLLECTED IN THE VICINITY OF BELLAIRE, OHIO.

HERBERT OSBORN.

The following record of species represents the collections of Hemiptera made during four days (Aug. 28, Sept. 1, 1900) at points within five miles of Bellaire, all on the Ohio side of the river. Wooded hillsides, valleys, creek bottoms and shore and island of the river were worked during a part of each day and as the list includes one hundred and forty-nine species, it is probably fairly representative for the common species of the season.

HOMOPTERA.

_Cicadidæ._ Cicada tibicen L. One specimen found dead.

_Membracidæ._ Entilia sinuata Fab., Publilia concava Say, Ceresa diceros Say, Ceresa bubalus Fab., Thelia bimaculata Fab., Acutalis calva Say, Vanduzea arcuata Say.

_Fulgoridæ._ Scolops sulcipes Say, Scolops sp., Ormenis pruinosa Say, O. septentrionalis Fab., Amphiscepa bivittata Say, Bruchomorpha dorsata Fh., B. oculata Newmn., Issus? sp. Pissonotus ater VanD., Stobera tricarinata Say, Stobera sp., Liburnia campestris VanD., L. ornata Stal, Liburnia sp.

_Cercopidæ._ Lepyronia 4-angularis Say, Clastoptera obtusa Say, C. proteus Fh., C. xanthocephala Germ.

_Bythoscopidæ._ Macropsis apicalis O. & B., Agallia sanguinolenta Prov., A. 4-punctata Prov., A. constricta VanD., A. novella Say, Idiocerus pallidus Fh., I. snowi G. & B., I. verticis Say.

_Tettigonidæ._ Aulacizes irrorata Fab., Tettigonia bifida Say, T. tripunctata Fh., T. gothica Sign., T. hartii Wdw. (mss), Diedrocephala coccinea Forst., D. mollipes Say, Helochara communis Fh., Gypona octolineata Say.

_Jassidæ._ Xestocephalus pulicarius VanD., X. tessellatus VanD., Platymetopius acutus Say, P. frontalis VanD., Deltocephalus sayi Fh., D. sylvestris O. & B., D. apicatus Osb., D. weedi VanD., D. obtectus O. & B., D. inimicus Say, D. flavicosta Stal, D. nigrifrons Forbes, Scaphoideus immistus Say, S. auronitens Prov., S. scalaris VanD., Athysanus curtisii Fh., A. (Limotettix) exitiosa Uhl., Athysanella acuticauda Bak., Lonatura catalina O. & B., Eutettix seminudus Say, Phlepsius irroratus Say, P. decorus O. & B., Thamnotettix clitellarius Say, Chlorotettix unicolor Fh., C. galbanata VanD., Jassus olitorius Say, Cicadula 6-notata Fall., C. punctifrons Fall., Gnathodus punctatus Thunb., G. abdominalis VanD., Empoasca smaragdula Fall., E. obtusa trifasciata Gill., E. mali LeB., Dicraneura flavipennis Fab., Typhlocyba comes vitis Harr., T. comes basilaris Say, T. comes comes Say, T. c. ziczac Walsh, T. obliqua Say, T. vulnerata Say, T. tricinta Fh., T, trifascaita Say, T. querci bifasciata Gill., T. hartii Gill.

_Aphididæ._ Pemphigus populi transversus Riley, On Cottonwood.

_Aleyrodidæ._ Aleurodes sp. Abundant on Sycamore leaves.

_Coccidæ._ Chionaspis salicis Harr.

HETEROPTERA.

_Cydnidæ._ One specimen as yet undetermined.

_Pentatomidæ._ Podisus cynicus Say, Brochymena annulata Fab., Cosmopepla carnifex Fab., Euschistus fissilis Uhl., E. tristigma Say, E. variolarius P. Beauv., Trichopepla semivittata Say, Thyanta custator Fab.

_Coreidæ._ Neides muticus Say, Jalysus spinosus Say, Corizus lateralis Say, C. nigristernum Sign., C. bohemani Sign., (?) C. noveboracensis Sign.

_Lygaeidæ._ Nysius thymi Wolff, N. angustatus Uhl., Orsillacis producta Uhl., Ischnorhynchus didymus Zett., Blissus leucopterus Say, Cymus angustatus Stal. Geocoris limbatus Stal, G. fuliginosus Say, Myodocha serripes Oliv., Ligyrocoris sylvestris L., Ptochiomera nodosa Say, Lygaeus kalmii Stal, L. turcicus Fab.

_Capsidæ._ Megalocoerea debilis Uh. (?), Miris affinis Reut., Compsocerocoris annulicornis Reut., Calocoris rapidus Say, Lygus pratensis L., L. plagiatus Uhl., Poecyloscytus basalis Reut., Camptobrochis nebulosus Uhl., Eccritotarsus elegans Uhl., Hyaliodes vitripennis Say. Episcopus ornatus Uh., Ilnacora stalii Reut., Pilophorus bifasciatus Fab, Malacocoris irroratus Say, Garganus fusiformis Say, Halticus uhleri Giard, Styphrosoma stygica Say, Neoborus laetus Uhl., Plagiognathus obscurus Uhl., Plagiognathus sp., Agalliastes associatus, Uhl.

_Acanthiidæ_ Triphleps insidiosus Say.

_Tingitidæ._ Corythuca ciliata Say.

_Phymatidæ._ Phymata fasciata Gray.

_Nabidæ._ Coriscus ferus L.

_Reduviidæ._ Sinea diadema Fab., Acholla multispionosa DeG., Diplodus luridus Stal.

_Hygrotrechidæ._ Hygrotrechus remigis Say, Stephania picta H. Schf.

_Saldidæ._ Salda interstitialis Say.

_Corisidæ._ Corisa alternata Say.

Of the above list nearly thirty have not been recorded for the state hitherto and there are a few specimens which are as yet undetermined.

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS TO THE “ODONATA OF OHIO.”

JAMES S. HINE.

Since the publication of the Odonata of Ohio, there have been several species of dragonflies added to the State list, and we have had reasons to change our minds regarding the identity of two species at least.

Enallagma Fischeri, Kellicott, is a synonym of Agrion antennatum, Say, consequently the species will henceforth be known as Enallagma antennatum, Say.

Our Gomphus lividus, Selys, is Gomphus sordidus, Selys, and Gomphus externus, Selys, is Gomphus crassus, Hagen.

The following species have been added:

1. Lestes eurinus, Say, taken June 3, 1900, by E. B. Williamson in Portage County. Numbers of both males and females of the species were taken on Cedar Point, at Sandusky, July 10 of the present year.

2. Progomphus obscurus, Ramb., first taken at Ironton, June 1, 1899, by R. C. Osburn. The present year I took several specimens at Vinton, June 10th.

3. Gomphus abbreviatus, Hagen, (?) was taken at Loudonville, June 10, 1899, by J. B. Parker and R. C. Osburn. The species was common at the same locality June 14, of the present year.

4. Neurocordulia obsoleta, Say, has been taken at Cincinnati by Chas. Dury and his associates for three consecutive seasons.

5. Neurocordulia yamaskanensis, Prov., was procured on Rattlesnake Island in Lake Erie, June 28, 1900, by Prof. Osborn.

6. Nasiæschna pentacantha, Rambur, was taken near Kent, Ohio, June 21, 1900. In company with R. C. Osburn we procured three pairs of this species. Others were seen.

DRAGONFLIES TAKEN IN A WEEK.

RAYMOND C. OSBURN AND JAMES S. HINE.

During the week beginning June 17th, we collected insects and fishes in the region of small lakes near Kent, Ohio. A list of the Odonata taken during that week is interesting, as it shows the richness of the Odonat fauna of north-eastern Ohio and also the number of species of this group that may fly in a certain locality at the same time.

1. Calopteryx maculata, Beauv. 2. Calopteryx æquabilis, Say. 3. Hetærina americana, Fabr. 4. Lestes uncatus, Kirby. 5. Lestes rectangularis, Say. 6. Lestes vigilax, Hagen. 7. Lestes inequalis, Walsh. 8. Argia putrida, Hagen. 9. Agria violacea, Hagen. 10. Argia tibialis, Rambur. 11. Argia apicalis, Say. 12. Erythromma conditum, Hagen. 13. Nehalennia posita, Hagen. 14. Nehalennia irene, Hagen. 15. Amphiagrion saucium, Burm. 16. Enallagma traviatum, Selys. 17. Enallagma civile, Hagen. 18. Enallagma carunculatum, Morse. 19. Enallagma hageni, Walsh. 20. Enallagma geminatum, Kel. 21. Enallagma exsulans, Hagen. 22. Enallagma antennatum, Say. 23. Enallagma signatum, Hagen. 24. Enallagma pollutum, Hagen. 25. Ischnura verticalis, Say. 26. Ophiogomphus rupinsulensis, Walsh. 27. Gomphus dilatatus, Rambur. 28. Gomphus quadricolor, Walsh. 29. Gomphus fraternus, Say. 30. Gomphus furcifer, Hagen. 31. Gomphus spicatus, Selys. 32. Gomphus sordidus, Selys. 33. Gomphus exilis, Selys. 34. Dromogomphus spinosus, Selys. 35. Anax junius, Drury. 36. Basischna janata, Say. 37. Epiæschna heros, Fab. 38. Æschna verticalis, Hagen. 39. Nasiæschna pentacantha, Rambur. 40. Macromia illinoiensis, Walsh. 41. Epicordulia princeps, Hagen. 42. Tetragoneuria cynosura, Say. 43. Tetragoneuria semiaqua, Burm. 44. Tramea lacerata, Hagen. 45. Libellula basalis, Say. 46. Libellula pulchella, Drury. 47. Libellula semifasciata, Burm. 48. Libellula exusta, Say. 49. Libellula incesta, Hagen. 50. Plathemis trimaculata, DeGeer. 51. Celithemis eponina, Drury. 52. Celithemis elisa, Hagen. 53. Celithemis fasciata, Kirby. 54. Leucorhinia intacta, Hagen. 55. Sympetrum rubicundulum, Say. 56. Perithemis domitia, Drury. 57. Mesothemis simplicicollis, Say. 58. Pachydiplax longipennis, Burm.

Number 2 was taken for the second time in the State. The species was common along the Cuyahoga River, where both males and females were found resting on foliage near the water’s edge or flitting nervously from one resting place to another.

Number 27 is one of our rarer Gomphids. Only one specimen of the species was taken.

Both male and female of 30 were taken. This is the first time the female of this species has been taken in Ohio.

Number 39 was taken for the first time in Ohio. Three pairs of this fine species were taken.

Two years ago I took males of number 48 at Stewart’s Lake. The species has not been taken in the State since until this year when we took both males and females at the same lake.

Number 53 has been considered a very desirable species, but it seems that it is a common form in the lake region near Kent. About thirty specimens were procured.

ADDITIONS TO THE OHIO FLORA.

The Fourth State Catalogue of Ohio Plants published in April, 1899, by Kellerman, contained 2025 species of Cormophytes. In the first Annual Supplement, published April, 1900, 69 additions were made. The following 22 additional species therefore bring the total to 2116 plants growing without cultivation in the state. The numbers correspond to the Fourth State Catalogue so that those who desire can easily copy the additions and bring their catalogue up to date.

212a Bouteloua hirsuta Lag. Hairy Mesquite-grass. Ohio State University Campus, Columbus. F. J. Tyler.

212b Bouteloua oligostachya (Nutt.) Torr. Mesquite-grass. Ohio State University Campus, Columbus. Alice Dufour.

258a Bromus asper Murr. Hairy Brome-grass (London, Mrs. K. D. Sharp, Coll., E. Monroe, Highland Co., W. A. Kellerman, Coll.) Alice Dufour.

265b Bromus breviaristatus (Hook.) Buckl. Short-awned Chess. Ashtabula, (W. A. Kellerman, Coll.) Alice Dufour.

472a Wolffia braziliensis Wedd. Brazil Wolffia. Sandusky Bay. Abundant at times. R. F. Griggs.

538a Convallaria majalis L. Lily of the Valley. Abundantly escaped in Cemetery, Worthington. R. F. Griggs.

619a Salix nigra x amygdaloides. A. D. Selby, 8th Report Academy of Science, p. 22, and others.

629 Change S. fluviatilis Nutt, to S. interior Rowlee. Rowlee in Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 27: 247, 1900.

629a Salix interior var. wheeleri Rowlee. Cedar Point, W. A. Kellerman and R. F. Grigs.

636a Salix sericea x cordata. Ashtabula. (W. A. Kellerman Coll.) R. F. Griggs.

637a Salix peliolaris var. graciles. Toledo. (J. A. Sanford, Coll. 1879.) R. F. Griggs.

638a Salix candida x cordata. Castalia, Erie County. R. F. Griggs.

864a Berberis aquilifolium. Pursh. (Mahonia aquilifolium Nutt.) Seeding in Cemetery, Worthington. R. F. Griggs.

898b Diplotaxus muralis (L.) DC. Diplotaxus. Cleveland, Ohio. Wm. Krebs.

963 Philadelphus inodorus L. Mt. Pleasant, Jefferson County. W. A. Kellerman.

1039a Cratægus cordata (Mill.) Ait. Washington Thorn. Steubenville, Ohio. H. N. Mertz.

1045a Cratægus multipes n. sp. (W. W. Ashe in Bulletin 175 N. C. Experiment Station, August, 1900.) Ohio, E. E. Bogue, Coll.

1132a Dolichos lablab L. Hyacinth Bean. Escaped from cultivation in several places in Columbus. Found growing on vacant lots, surrounded by large weeds. John H. Schaffner.

1188a Rhus cotinus L. Escaped, Mt. Pleasant, Jefferson County. W. A. Kellerman.

1219a Ampelopsis cordata Michx. Scioto County. Previously reported for Ohio. W. A. Kellerman.

1255 Lechea minor L. Steubenville, Ohio. H. N. Mertz.

1487a Gilia coronopifolia Pers. Growing in a cemetery near Madison, Lake County. Spreading slowly. F. J. Tyler.

1729 Euphorbia lathyris L. Pomeroy, Meigs County. W. A. Kellerman.

1919a Polymnia canadensis var. radiata Gray. Cedar Point. Very abundant. R. F. Griggs.

1943a Helianthus maximiliani Schrad. Sandusky. A single plant along railroad tracks. R. F. Griggs.

COLLECTING AND PRESERVING MICROSCOPIC PLANTS.

Small plants like Desmids, Diatoms, etc., may be preserved in water, in homeopathic vials, provided a drop of carbolic acid is added to each bottle of material. In this way they will keep for a long time with very little change of color and contents.

J. H. S.

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FINEST GYMNASIUM IN THE WEST.

_For further information address the President,_

DR. W. O. THOMPSON, STATE UNIVERSITY, COLUMBUS.

Ohio Forest Trees Identified by Leaves and Fruit.

By W. A. KELLERMAN, PH. D., Ohio State University.

A neat pamphlet for every one who wishes to learn our native forest trees. Keys simple. Description plain. Can learn the names of the trees easily.

Price reduced from 25 cents to 10 cents.

Also, =The Fourth State Catalogue of Ohio Plants.=

Bound copies at cost of binding, namely 20 cents.

Gives list of scientific and common names; distribution by counties.

Teachers and others will also be interested in Prof. Kellerman’s Phyto-theca or Herbarium Portfolio, _Practical Studies_ in Elementary Botany, _Elementary Botany_ with Spring Flora, all published by Eldredge & Bro., Philadelphia, to whom apply.

For information or copies of _Forest Trees_ and _Catalogue_ or names of plant specimens of your region _address_

W. A. KELLERMAN, COLUMBUS, OHIO

American Entomological Co.

1040 DE KALB AVENUE, BROOKLYN, N. Y.

Lepidoptera Price List No. 2.—_Price 5 cents_ (Refunded to Buyers)

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ANIMAL LIFE: A First Book of Zoology.

By DAVID S. JORDAN, M. S., M. D., Ph. D., LL. D., President of the Leland Stanford Junior University, and VERNON L. KELLOGG, M. S., Professor in Leland Stanford Junior University. 12mo. Cloth, $1.20. _Now ready._

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ANIMAL FORMS: A Second Book of Zoology.

By DAVID S. JORDAN, M. S., M. D., Ph. D., LL. D., and HAROLD HEATH, Ph. D., Professor in Leland Stanford Junior University. _Ready in February, 1901._

=D. APPLETON AND COMPANY, Publishers=, _New York_, _Chicago_, _London_.

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