Chapter II., p. 14, foot-note, was seen about twenty-five years ago by

one of the Forest keepers, near Eyeworth Wood; but though on horseback, he could not overtake the bird, which ran across Butt’s Plain, aiding itself by flapping its wings.

Little Bustard. (_Otis tetrax_, Lin.) A female was shot some years ago near Heron Court; and is in Lord Malmesbury’s collection. _See_ Eyton’s Rarer British Birds, p. 99.

Kildeer Plover. (_Charadrius vociferus_, Lin.) This rare straggler, the only one ever known to have been seen in England, was shot, April, 1859, in a potato field close to Knapp Mill, near Christchurch, by a man of the name of Dowding, who was attracted to it by its peculiar flight, such as is described by Audubon, as also by its monotonous cry, from which its name is taken. The bird was brought in the flesh to Mr. Hart, and is now in the collection of J. Tanner, Esq. The vignette at p. 318 well shows its difference from the common ring dotterel.

Little Ringed Plover. (_Charadrius minor_, Meyer.) Very rare. Mr. Hart has only had one specimen, brought to him many years ago.

Grey Plover. (_Vanellus melanogaster_, Bechst.) Not uncommon during severe winters in the harbours along the coast.

Turnstone. (_Strepsilas interpres_, Ill.) Not uncommon. My friend, Mr. Tanner, has killed both male and female in summer plumage.

Oyster-catcher. (_Hæmatopus ostralegus_, Lin.) By no means uncommon.

Purple Heron. (_Ardea purpurea_, Lin.) One or two specimens have occasionally been shot.

Little Egret. (_Ardea garzetta_, Lin.) Mr. Rake informs me that one was said to have been shot some years ago at Hale, on the borders of the Forest. Yarrell mentions another (vol. ii., p. 554) killed, in 1822, on the Stour near Christchurch.

Squacco Heron. (_Ardea ralloides_, Scop.) A solitary specimen, shot a few years ago at Christchurch Harbour, is now in Lord Malmesbury’s collection. See Eyton’s _Rarer British Birds_, p. 100, where Dewhurst must probably be a misprint for Christchurch.

Little Bittern. _(Ardea minuta_, Lin.) Mr. Hart, to whom I am under so many obligations for notices of our stragglers, informs me that a fine male bird was shot, April, 26, 1862, on the borders of the Forest, at Heron Court, by one of Lord Malmesbury’s keepers.

Night Heron. (_Nycticorax ardeola_, Tem.) Mr. Hart has occasionally received a specimen.

Glossy Ibis. (_Ibis falcinellus_, Tem.) Mr. Hart killed a young pair in a meadow near Christchurch Harbour in September, 1859.

Whimbrel. (_Numenius phæopus_, Lath.) Not so very uncommon during the late autumn and winter months along the harbours of the coast.

Spotted Redshank. (_Totanus fuscus_, Leisl.) On the authority of Mr. Hart, who has killed it in Christchurch Harbour.

Avocet. (_Recurvirostra avocetta_, Lin.) Mr. Rake informs me of a specimen shot at Exbury, Dec. 1858.

Blacktailed Godwit. (_Limosa melanura_, Leisl.) Mr. Hart received one in the spring of 1860, and a fine specimen was killed by one of the Forest keepers, some twenty years ago, on Ocknell pond. Hawker, who well knew the sea-coast of the New Forest, mentions large flocks of “grey godwits” off Keyhaven, May, 1842, but he does not distinguish between this and the next species.

Bartailed Godwit. (_Limosa rufa_, Briss.) Mr. Hart had two pair brought to him from the Mudeford Marsh, in the summer of 1861.

Ruff. (_Machetes pugnax_, Cuv.) A specimen is now and then killed.

Great Snipe. (_Scolopax major_, Gmel.) Generally one or two may be seen in the Forest every winter. Mr. Cooper, the Forest keeper, to whom I have previously referred, tells me that during the last twenty years he has shot some six or seven specimens, and has seen as many more killed.

Sabine’s Snipe. (_Scolopax Sabini_, Vigors.) _See_ Common Snipe (_Scolopax gallinago_), in the list of residents, p. 309.

Curlew Sandpiper. (_Tringa subarquata_, Tem.)

Little Stint. (_Tringa minuta_, Leisl.) Like the preceding, not so very unfrequent along the coast.

Purple Sandpiper. (_Tringa maritima_, Brün.) Occasionally seen in Christchurch Harbour.

Spotted Crake. (_Gallinula porzana_, Lath.) Has been seen both in winter and summer; and I should not be surprised to hear of its breeding.

Baillon’s Crake. (_Gallinula Baillonii_, Tem.) A female was shot near Linwood, in the Forest, Nov., 1860.

Grey Phalarope. (_Phalaropus platyrhyncus_, Tem.) Mr. Rake informs me that several specimens were killed on the Avon in the severe winter of 1855-6, and again in 1860-1. Mr. Tanner has a pair in his collection, shot in the mouth of Christchurch Harbour in summer plumage.

Whitefronted Goose. (_Anser albifrons_, Bechst.)

Bernacle Goose. (_Anser leucopsis_, Bechst.) From Mr. Hart I learn that a pair were killed some years ago between Christchurch and Barton.

Ægyptian Goose. (_Anser Ægyptiacus_, Jenyns.) From Mr. Rake I learn that a specimen was killed on the Avon, near Bicton Mill, February, 1855.

Bewick’s Swan. (_Cygnus minor_, Keys and Bl.)

Shoveller. (_Anas clypeata_, Lin.) Mr. Rake, in his manuscript notes, which he so kindly put in my hands, mentions that this and the gadwall and Bewick’s swan, were killed on the Avon during the hard winter of 1855.

Gadwall. (_Anas strepera_, Lin.)

Garganey. (_Anas querquedula_, Lin.)

Eider Duck. (_Anas mollissima_, Lin.)

Velvet Scoter. (_Anas fusca_, Lin.) Sometimes shot by the Mudeford fishermen, but always outside the bar of the harbour.

Long-tailed Duck. (_Anas glacialis_, Lin.)

Golden Eye. (_Anas clangula_, Lin.)

Smew. (_Mergus albellus_, Lin.) Seen, like the two previous, during hard winters on the Avon. Mr. Rake notes that one was killed at Breamore, Nov., 1855; and Mr. Hart writes that he once saw a person kill two at one shot in Christchurch Harbour.

Goosander. (_Mergus merganser_, Lin.) Rather rare. Mr. Rake, however, informs me that one male and two or three females were killed near Fordingbridge in the winter of 1855.

Red-necked Grebe. (_Podiceps ruficollis_, Lath.) Rather rare.

Sclavonian Grebe. (_Podiceps cornutus_, Lath.) Very rare. Mr. Hart has never known an instance of one being killed, though he has received a specimen or two from the Dorsetshire coast.

Eared Grebe. (_Podiceps auritus_, Lath.) Rather rare, but occasionally killed by the Mudeford fishermen.

Black-throated Diver. (_Colymbus arcticus_, Lin.) Occurs pretty plentifully during some winters along the coast.

Little Auk. (_Uria alle_, Tem.) Found sometimes along the coast after a heavy storm.

Caspian Tern. (_Sterna Caspia_, Pall.) On the authority of Mr. Hart one was shot, about ten years ago, in Christchurch Harbour.

Common Tern. (_Sterna hirundo_, Lin.) This, with the next, is sometimes, after a heavy gale, picked up in an exhausted state. I saw one which had been thus caught near Fordingbridge in September, 1861.

Artic Tern. (_Sterna arctica_, Flem.)

Lesser Tern. (_Sterna minuta_, Lin.) Seen during a hard winter.

Black Tern. (_Sterna nigra_, Briss.) A pair were, not long ago, shot by Mr. Charles Reeks, near the Old Bridge, Christchurch.

Little Gull. (_Larus minutus_, Pall.) Mr. Rake informs me that a pair of these rare birds were killed near Breamore, in November, 1855.

Glaucous Gull. (_Larus glaucus_, Brün.) A solitary specimen has, I believe, once been shot near Christchurch, by the Hon. Grantley Berkeley, in whose collection it is.

Common Skua. (_Lestris catarractes_, Ill.) Occasionally killed flying round Christchurch Head.

Fork-tailed Petrel. (_Thalassidroma Leachii_, Tem.) Mr. Rake informs me that a specimen was picked up dead, near Fordingbridge, November, 1859.

Stormy Petrel. (_Thalassidroma pelagica_, Vigors.) Frequently picked up dead, or exhausted, along the coast, after severe weather, with the wind blowing from the west.

Adopting Yarrell’s census, an analysis of these lists gives to the Forest district 72 out of the 140 British residents, 31 out of our 63 summer visitors, 35 winter visitors, and of rarer birds and stragglers, 90; or altogether, including the two birds of double passage, 230 species out of the whole 354.

Since these lists were arranged, Mr. Rake sends me word, concerning the reed wren, that in the winter of 1858, a nest, evidently built the preceding summer, and exactly resembling that bird’s, was found in a thick bed of reeds on the bank of the Avon, near Fordingbridge, but he has never seen the birds or eggs from the neighbourhood.

With regard to the kildeer plover, I may add that several persons saw it in the flesh, and that Mr. Tanner received it soon after it was mounted. My only surprise is with Dr. Sclater (see the _Ibis_ vol. iv., No. xv., p. 277), that a bird with so large a range of flight should not before this have been recorded as occurring in England.

The vignette is, with a slight alteration of position, taken from Mr. Tanner’s specimen.

APPENDIX IV. THE LEPIDOPTERA OF THE NEW FOREST.

As, I am sorry to say, I am entirely ignorant of entomology, Mr. Baker, who possesses one of the finest collections of Lepidoptera in the district, has kindly compiled the following list. For the sake of space the Tineina have been omitted. The arrangement followed is that of Stainton, and the whole list has, to ensure the greatest accuracy, been revised by F. Bond, Esq., F.Z.S. No attempt has been made to classify the rarer and more common species, as both so much vary with the season.

RHOPALOCERA.

GONOPTERYX Rhamni COLIAS Edusa Hyale APORIA Cratægi PIERIS Brassicæ Rapæ Napi ANTHOCHARIS Cardamines LEUCOPHASIA Sinapis ARGE Galathea LASIOMMATA Ægeria Megæra HIPPARCHIA Semele Janira Tithonus Hyperanthus CŒNONYMPHA Pamphilus LIMENITIS Sibylla APATURA Iris VANESSA Cardui Atalanta Io Antiopa Polychloros Urticæ ARGYNNIS Paphia Adippe Aglaia Selene Euphrosyne MELITÆA Artemis NEMEOBIUS Lucina THECLA Betulæ Quercus Rubi CHRYSOPHANUS Phlœas POLYOMMATUS Argiolus Alsus Alexis Ægon Agestis THYMELE Alveolus THANAOS Tages STEROPES Paniscus PAMPHILA Linea Sylvanus

SPHENGINA.

PROCRIS Statices ANTHROCERA Trifolii Loniceræ Filipendulæ SMERINTHUS Ocellatus Populi Tiliæ ACHERONTIA Atropos SPHINX Convolvuli Ligustri DEILEPHILA Galii CHŒROCAMPA Elpenor Porcellus MACROGLOSSA Stellatarum SESIA Fuciformis Bombyliformis SPHECIA Bembeciformis TROCHILIUM Ichneumoniforme Cynipiforme Sphegiforme Tipuliforme Myopæforme

BOMBYCINA.

HEPIALUS Hectus Lupulinus Humuli Sylvinus ZENZERA Æsculi COSSUS Ligniperda CERURA Furcula Vinula STAUROPUS Fagi NOTODONTA Dromedarius DRYMONIA Chaonia Dodonæa LEIOCAMPA Dictæa Dictæoides LOPHOPTERYX Camelina DILOBA Cæruleocephala PETASIA Cassinia PERIDEA Trepida CLOSTERA Reclusa PYGÆRA Bucephala PSILURA Monacha DASYCHIRA Fascelina Pudibunda DEMAS Coryli ORGYIA Antiqua STILPNOTIA Salicis PORTHESIA Auriflua MILTOCHRISTA Miniata LITHOSIA Aureola Helvola Stramineola Complana Complanula Griseola ŒNISTIS Quadra GNOPHRIA Rubricollis CYBOSIA Mesomella NUDARIA Mundana Senex EUTHEMONIA Russula ARCTIA Caja Villica NEMEOPHILA Plantaginis PHRAGMATOBIA Fuliginosa SPILOSOMA Menthastri Lubricipeda DIAPHORA Mendica CALLIMORPHA Jacobææ EULEPIA Cribrum DEIOPEIA Pulchella LASIOCAMPA Rubi Trifolii Quercus ERIOGASTER Lanestris PŒCILOCAMPA Populi TRICHIURA Cratægi CLISIOCAMPA Neustria ODONESTIS Potatoria GASTROPACHA Quercifolia SATURNIA Pavonia-minor CILIX Spinula PLATYPTERYX Lacertinaria DREPANA Falcataria Hamula Unguicula HETEROGENEA Asellus LIMACODES Testudo

_PSYCHIDÆ._

PSYCHE Nigricans Opacella FUMEA Radiella

NOCTUINA.

THYATIRA Derasa Batis CYMATOPHORA Duplaris Diluta Flavicornis Ridens BRYOPHILA Perla DIPHTHERA Orion ACRONYCTA Tridens Psi Leporina Megacephala Alni Ligustri Rumicis LEUCANIA Conigera Turca Lithargyria Pudorina Comma Impura Pallens NONAGRIA Despecta Fulva Typhæ GORTYNA Flavago HYDRŒCIA Nictitans Micacea AXYLIA Putris XYLOPHASIA Rurea Lithoxylea Polyodon Hepatica DIPTERYGIA Pinastri NEURIA Saponariæ HELIOPHOBUS Popularis CHARÆAS Graminis CERIGO Cytherea LUPERINA Testacea Cæspitis MAMESTRA Anceps Furva Brassicæ Persicariæ APAMEA Basilinea Gemina Oculea MIANA Strigilis Fasciuncula Literosa Furuncula Arcuosa CELÆNA Haworthii GRAMMESIA Trilinea ACOSMETIA Caliginosa CARADRINA Morpheus Alsines Blanda Cubicularis RUSINA Tenebrosa AGROTIS Puta Suffusa Saucia Segetum Exclamationis Nigricans Tritici Aquilina Porphyrea Ravida TRYPHÆNA Ianthina Fimbria Interjecta Subsequa Orbona Pronuba NOCTUA Glareosa Augur Plecta C-nigrum Triangulum Brunnea Festiva Bella Umbrosa Baja Neglecta Xanthographa TRACHEA Piniperda TÆNIOCAMPA Gothica Rubricosa Instabilis Stabilis Gracilis Miniosa Munda Cruda ORTHOSIA Upsilon Lota Macilenta ANCHOCELIS Rufina Pistacina Lunosa Litura CERASTIS Vaccinii Spadicea SCOPELOSOMA Satellitia DASYCAMPA Rubiginea OPORINA Croceago XANTHIA Citrago Cerago Silago Aurago Gilvago Ferruginea TETHEA Subtusa Retusa DICYCLA Oo COSMIA Trapezina Pyralina Diffinis Affinis EREMOBIA Ochroleuca DIANTHŒCIA Carpophaga Capsincola Cucubali HECATERA Serena POLIA Flavicincta EPUNDA Lutulenta Nigra Viminalis MISELIA Oxyacanthæ AGRIOPIS Aprilina PHLOGOPHORA Meticulosa EUPLEXIA Lucipara APLECTA Herbida Nebulosa Advena HADENA Adusta Protea Dentina Chenopodii Suasa Oleracea Pisi Thalassina Contigua Genistæ XYLOCAMPA Lithorhiza CALOCAMPA Vetusta Exoleta XYLINA Rhizolitha Semibrunnea Petrificata CUCULLIA Chamomillæ Umbratica HELIOTHIS Marginata Dipsacea ANARTA Myrtilli HELIODES Arbuti ACONTIA Luctuosa ERASTRIA Fuscula HYDRELIA Uncana BREPHOS Parthenias HABROSTOLA Urticæ Triplasia PLUSIA Chrysitis Iota Pulchrina Gamma GONOPTERA Libatrix AMPHIPYRA Pyramidea Tragopogonis MANIA Typica Maura TOXOCAMPA Pastinum STILBIA Anomala CATOCALA Nupta Promissa Sponsa EUCLIDIA Mi Glyphica PHYTOMETRA Ænea

GEOMETRINA.

URAPTERYX Sambucaria EPIONE Apiciaria Advenaria RUMIA Cratægata VENILIA Maculata ANGERONA Prunaria METROCAMPA Margaritaria ELLOPIA Fasciaria URYMENE Dolabraria ERICALLIA Syringaria SELENIA Illunaria Lunaria Illustraria ODONTOPERA Bidentata CROCALLIS Elinguaria ENNOMOS Tiliaria Fuscantaria Erosaria Angularia HIMERA Pennaria PHIGALIA Pilosaria NYSSIA Hispidaria AMPHIDASYS Prodromaria Betularia HEMEROPHILA Abruptaria CLEORA Viduaria Glabraria Lichenaria BOARMIA Repandaria Rhomboidaria Abietaria Cinctaria Roboraria Consortaria TEPHROSIA Consonaria Crepuscularia Extersaria Punctularia GNOPHOS Obscurata Pullata PSEUDOTERPNA Cytisaria GEOMETRA Papilionaria MEMORIA Viridata IODIS Lactearia PHORODESMA Bajularia HEMITHEA Thymiaria EPHYRA Poraria Punctaria Trilinearia Omicronaria Orbicularia Pendularia HYRIA Auroraria ASTHENA Luteata Candidata Sylvata EUPISTERIA Heparata ACIDALIA Scutulata Bisetata Trigeminata Osseata Virgularia Ornata Incanaria Marginepunctata Subsericeata Immutata Remutata Imitaria Aversata Emarginata BRADYEPETES Amataria CABERA Pusaria Exanthemaria CORYCIA Temerata Taminata AVENTIA Flexula MACARIA Alternata Notata Liturata HALIA Vauaria STRENIA Clathrata LOZOGRAMMA Petraria NUMERIA Pulveraria MÆSIA Belgiaria SELIDOSEMA Plumaria FIDONIA Atomaria Piniaria MINOA Euphorbiata ASPILATES Strigillaria ABRAXAS Grossulariata LIGDIA Adustata LOMASPILIS Marginata PACHYCNEMIA Hippocastanaria HYBERNIA Rupicapraria Lencophæaria Aurantiaria Progemmaria Defoliaria ANISOPTERYX Æscularia CHEIMATOBIA Brumata OPORABIA Dilutata LARENTIA Didymata Multistrigaria Pectinitaria EMMELESIA Affinitata Alchemillata Albulata Decolorata Unifasciata EUPITHECIA Venosata Linariata Pulchellata Centaureata Succenturiata Subumbrata Haworthiata Pygmæata Satyrata Castigata Irriguata Denotata Innotata Indigata Nanata Subnotata Vulgata Expallidata Absinthiata Minutata Assimilata Tenuiata Dodoneata Abbreviata Exiguata Pumilata Coronata Rectangulata LOBOPHORA Sexalata Hexapterata Viretata Lobulata THERA Variata, _Haw._ Firmaria HYPSIPETES Impluviata Elutata MELANTHIA Rubiginata Ocellata Albicillata MELANIPPE Unangulata Rivata Subtristrata Montanata Fluctuata ANTICLEA Rubidata Badiata Derivata COREMIA Propugnata Ferrugata CAMPTOGRAMMA Bilineata Gemmata SCOTOSIA Dubitata Certata Undulata CIDARIA Psittacata Miata Picata Corylata Russata Immanata Suffumata Silaceata Prunata Testata Fulvata Pyraliata Dotata EUBOLIA Cervinaria Mensuraria Palumbaria Bipunctaria Lineolata ANAITIS Plagiata ODEZIA Chærophyllata

PYRALIDINA.

_DELTOIDES._

HYPENA Proboscidalis Rostralis HYPENODES Costæstrigalis RIVULA Sericcalis HERMINIA Barbalis Tarsipennalis Nemoralis

_PYRALITES._

PYRALIS Costalis Farinalis Glaucinalis AGLOSSA Pinguinalis CLEDEOBIA Augustalis PYRAUSTA Punicealis Purpuralis Ostrinalis HERBULA Cæspitalis ENNYCHIA Cingulalis Octomaculalis ENDOTRICHA Flammealis DIASEMIA Literalis CATACLYSTA Lemnalis PARAPONY Stratiotalis HYDROCAMPA Nymphæalis Stagnalis BOTYS Pandalis Verticalis Lancealis Fuscalis Urticalis EBULEA Crocealis Sambucalis PIONEA Forficalis SPILODES Sticticalis Cinetalis SCOPULA Olivalis Prunalis Ferrugalis STENOPTERYX Hybridalis NOLA Cucullatella Cristulalis Strigula SYMAETHIS Fabriciana CHOREUTES Scintillulana

_CRAMBITES._

EUDOREA Cembræ Ambigualis Pyralella Cratægella Frequentella Resinea Pallida APHOMIA Colonella ACHROIA Grisella EPHESTIA Elutella HOMÆOSOMA Nebulella ACROBASIS Consociella Tumidella CRYPTOBLAB Bistriga MYELOIS Suavella Advenella Marmorea NEPHOPTERY Abietella Roborella PEMPELIA Dilutella Formosa Palumbella CRAMBUS Cerussellus Chrysonychellus Falsellus Pratellus Dumetellus Sylvellus Hamellus Pascuellus Uliginosellus Hortuellus Culmellus Inquinatellus Geniculeus Contaminellus Tristellus Pinetellus Latistrius Perlellus CHILO Forficellus Phragmitellus

TORTRICINA.

CHLOEPHORA Prasinana Quercana SAROTHRIPA Revayana HYPERMECIA Augustana EULIA Ministrana BRACHYTÆNIA Semifasciana ANTITHESIA Betuletana Ochroleucana Cynosbatella Pruniana Marginana Similana Sellana PENTHINA Salicella SIDERIA Achatana DICHELIA Grotiana CLEPSIS Rusticana TORTRIX Icterana Viburnana Forsterana Heparana Ribeana Cinnamomeana Corylana LOZOTÆNIA Sorbiana Musculana Costana Unifasciana Fulvana Roborana Xylosteana Rosana DITULA Angustiorana PTYCHOLOMA Lecheana NOTOCELIA Uddmanniana PARDIA Tripunctana SPILONOTA Roborana Trimaculana Amœnana LITHOGRAPHIA Campoliliana Nisella Penkleriana PHLÆODES Tetraquetrana Immundana PŒDISCA Piceana Solandriana Opthalmicana (?) CATOPTRIA Scopoliana Hohenwarthiana HALONOTA Bimaculana Cirsiana Scutulana Brunnichiana DICRORAMPHA Petiverella Sequana Politana Plumbagana Consortana COCCYX Hercyniana CAPUA Ochraceana CARTELLA Bilunana HEDYA Paykulliana Ocellana Dealbana Trimaculana STEGANOPTYCHA Nævana ANCHYLOPERA Mitterpacheriana Subarcuana Biarcuana Uncana Lundana Derasana Comptana Siculana BACTRA Lanceolana Furfurana ARGYROTOXA Conwayana DICTYOPTERYX Contaminana Lœflingiana CRŒSIA Bergmanniana Forskaleana Holmiana HEMEROSIA Rheediella OXYGRAPHA Literana PERONEA Schalleriana Comparana Tristana Rufana Favillaceana Hastiana Cristana Variegana PARAMESIA Aspersana Ferrugana TERAS Caudana PŒCILOCHROMA Profundana Corticana ANISOTÆNIA Ulmana ROXANA Arcuella SEMASIA Populana Spiniana Wœberiana Janthinana EUCELIS Aurana EPHIPPIPHORA Trauniana Regiana Argyrana STIGMONOTA Nitidana Wierana Compositella Perlepidana ASTHENIA Splendidulana RETINIA Buoliana Pinivorana Sylvestrana ENDOPISA Ulicana Germarana Puncticostana CARPOCAPSA Juliana Splendana Pomonana GRAPHOLITHA Albensana Hypericana Modestana SPHALEROPTERA Ictericana CNEPHASIA Hybridana Subjectana Passivana Nubilana EUCHROMIA Ericetana Striana SERICORIS Conchana Lacunana Urticana Cæspitana Politana Latifasciana Bifasciana MIXODIA Schulziana LOBESIA Reliquana PHTHEOCROA Rugosana ERIOPSELA Fractifasciana CHROSIS Tesserana ARGYROLEPIA Æncana (?) Baumanniana Badiana CALOSETIA Nigromaculana EUPŒCILIA Maculosana Carduana Nana Angustana Griseana Roseana Subroseana Ruficiliana LOZOPERA Francillana Stramineana XANTHOSETIA Hamana Zœgana TORTRICODES Hyemana

PTEROPHORINA.

PTEROPHORUS Trigonodactylus Acanthodactylus Punctidactylus Bipunctidactylus Fuscus Pterodactylus Tephradactylus Galactodactylus Tetradactylus Pentadactylus ALUCITA Polydactyla

Postscript.

As a further addition to my list of plants, I have received the following from A. G. More, Esq., F.L.S.—those without localities being communicated to him by the late Mr. Borrer as found in the Forest:—

Wahlenbergia hederacea, Reich., Ivy-leaved Bell Flower. Near Lyndhurst, 272.

Sium latifolium, Lin., Broad-leaved Water Parsnep. _See_ Bromfield, in the _Phytologist_, vol. iii. p. 403; 464.

Trifolium medium, Lin., _Zigzag_ Trefoil. Near Lyndhurst, 683.

Utricularia intermedia, Hayne, Intermediate Bladderwort, 876.

Carex limosa, Lin., Green-and-Gold Carex, 1244.

A word or two may here be added concerning the only true species of cicada (_Cicada hæmatoides_) which we have in England, and which has hitherto been only found in the New Forest. Mr. Farren, in June, 1858, was fortunate enough to take a specimen sitting on the stem of the common brake, being attracted to it by its peculiar monotonous humming noise. On the second of June, 1862, he captured two others, which rose from the fern, with their curious zigzag flight, and at the same time heard two more.

Mr. Farren, to whom I am indebted for the above information, has kindly sent me the following drawing, made by his brother, from one of the living specimens captured in the Forest.

INDEX.

A Abbacies, held by William II., at the time of his death, 104 (_foot-note_). Abbey, Beaulieu, _see_ Beaulieu. Abbey Walls, the, or St. Leonard’s Grange, 69. Acquitaine, Eleanor of, buried at Beaulieu Abbey, 67. Adages, in the Forest, 180; see also Proverbs. Adder’s-tongue Fern, 256. Alanus de Insulis, on the death of William II., 102. Alexander I., Pope, bull from, 71 (_foot-note_.) Amberwood Corner, barrows near, 208. Ambrosius Aurelianus, defeated by Cerdic, 118; his name preserved in the word Amesbury, 119; in Ambrose Hole and Ampress Farm, 198. Ancestry, our, 2. Anderwood Enclosure, Roman and Romano-British potteries at, 215. America, Old-English character of its provincialisms, 172. Anselm, foretold by the Abbot of Cluny of the death of William II., 101. Anses Wood, mound near, 209, 210. “Apostles, the Twelve,” 83. Assart lands, granted by James I., 43. Ash, Mark-, Wood, 17. Ashley Rails, Roman and Romano-British potteries at, 221. Attachment, Court of, 87. Augustine, St., injunctions to his canons, 69. Aurelianus, Ambrosius, _see_ Ambrosius. Avon, the, at Castle Hill, 118; at Ibbesley, 120; at Winkton, 128; eel peculiar to, 125, 126. Avon, Valley of the, 116; the Flora of, 253. Avon Tyrrel, 126.

B Babington, Churchill, synopsis of the birds of Charnwood Forest by, 275. Baddesley, Preceptory of the Knights Templar formerly at, 156. Balm, Bastard (_Melittis Melyssophyllum_), in the Forest, 256. Bandits, troop of, at Lymington, 169. Bargery Farm, 71. Barn, or _spicarium_, of Beaulieu Abbey, 69, 70. Barney Barns Hill, 197 (_foot-note_), 210. Barrows, named after fairies, 177, 197; opened by Warner, 198; in the east part of the Forest, 197 (_foot-note_), 211; on Sway Common, 198; on Bratley Plain, 199-205; near Ocknell Pond, 205, 206; near Darrat’s Lane, 206 (_foot-note_); on the West Fritham Plain, 207; near Amberwood, 208; on Butt’s Plain, 209; on Langley Heath, 211. Barton Cliffs, the, 147; Middle-Eocene beds of the, 4; atmospheric effects seen from the, 15, 16; geology of, 239, 240. Beacon, Burley, 82. Beaulieu Abbey, its foundation and endowments, 62; its dedication, 63; the Countess of Warwick and Perkin Warbeck come to its sanctuary, 64; its dissolution, 65; beauty of its situation, 65; the abbot’s house, cloisters, and chapter-house, 66; church, 67; refectory, 67, 68; the pulpit of the refectory, 68; barn of, 69; granges of, 69-71. Beauty, exists in the beholder’s mind, 18, 19; God’s love of, 127, 128; the chief end and aim of Nature, 5. Becton Bunny, 149; house burnt down, 170; geology of, 240. Beeches, measurements of, in the Forest, 16 (_foot-note_). Bees, folk-lore about, 181. Bellus Locus, former name of Beaulieu, 62. Bentley Wood, North, 113. Beteston Roger, tenure of, at Eyeworth, 114. Bible, words in the, now provincialisms, 193. Birds, bones of, discovered amongst the foundations of the Priory Church, Christchurch, 14 (_foot-note_); _see_ Ornithology. Bishop’s Ditch, 79. Black Bar, large mound at, 210. Blackheath Meadow, Roman pottery at, 210. Boghampton, village of, 127. Boldre, derivation of, 80; church, 79. Books, at Beaulieu Abbey, just before the dissolution, 65 (_foot-note_). Botany of the Forest, 250-257; contradictions in the, 251; characterized by its soil, 251, 252; bog-plants, 252; _carices_ abundant, 252; its position under Watson’s system, 253, 254; its trees, 254; its St. John’s Worts, 254, 255; its ferns, 255, 256; other plants, 256, 257. (_See_ Appendix II., 289.) _Bottom_, meaning of the word, 187. Bowles, Caroline, married to Southey at Boldre church, 80. Bouvery Farm, 69. Bramble Hill, oaks at, 16; view from, 111. Bramshaw, village of, 111. Bratley Wood, 113. Bratley Plain, barrows upon, 113, 199-205. Breamore, village of, 119. Brinken Wood, 83. Brockenhurst, derivation of, 75; tenure at, 76; church, 77; scenery round, 78. Brook Beds, the, 245, 246. Brook Common, 111. Buckholt, in _Domesday_, 51 (_foot-note_). Buckland Rings, Roman coins found at, 154; described, 199. Burgate, village of, 120. Burleigh, Lord, his advice to his son, 1, 2. Burley, 82; Lodge, 83. Bustard, last seen in the Forest, 14 (_foot-note_). Butt’s Ash Lane, barrows near, 197 (_foot-note_), 211 (_foot-note_). Butt’s Plain, barrows on, 209. Buzzard, Honey, breeding habits of, 262-265; weight of the eggs of the, 264 (_foot-note_); common, breeding of the, 265, 266.

C Cadenham Oak, the, 110. Cadland’s Park, 50. Calshot Castle, built by Henry VIII., 52; mentioned by Colonel Hammond, 52 (_foot-note_); the Cerdices-ora of the _Chronicle_, 53; different forms of the name, 53, 54. Canterton, held by Chenna, in _Domesday_, 28. Canute, Forest laws of, 35; Charta de Forestâ of, extracts from, 36 (_foot-note_). Castle Hill, 118. Castles, so-called, in the Forest, 32. Catharine’s, St., Hills, 126. Cattle, right of turning out, in the Forest, 46. Cerdices-ford, now Charford, 54, 118. Cerdices-ora, probably Calshot, 52, 53. Chapel, chantry, of the Countess of Salisbury, 137, 138; of Robert Harys, 143; of John Draper, 143. Charford, the Cerdices-ford of the _Chronicle_, 118. Charles I., his attempt to revive the Forest laws, 42; gives the New Forest as security to his creditors, 42; embarks for Carisbrook from Leap, 56; seized by Colonel Cobbit, 152; imprisoned in Hurst Castle, 153, 154; how treated by Colonel Hammond, 153 (_foot-note_); by Colonel Cobbit, 154. Charles II. bestows the young woods of Brockenhurst to the maids of honour, 43; encloses three hundred acres for oaks, 44. Charnwood Forest, the birds of, 275. Chestnuts, formerly common in the Forest, 13 (_foot-note_). Chewton Glen, 147, 148. Chichester, Reginald Pecock, Bishop of, on the legend concerning the man in the moon, 177. Chough, its increasing scarcity, 275. Christchurch, 129; its Old-English names, 131; Æthelwald at, 131; in _Domesday_, 131; the castle of, 131, 132; Norman House at, 132; Chamberlains’ Books of, 135 (_foot-note_); Priory Church of, 135, 141-144; the conventual buildings of, 138, 139; legend of the Priory Church of, 175. _Chronicle, The_, on the afforestation of the New Forest, 25, 26; the great value of its evidence, 23. Church, its date should be told by its style, 123. Churches in the Forest mentioned by _Domesday_, still in part standing, 31. Church Green, in Eyeworth Wood, 32 (_foot-note_). Church Lytton, at Wootton, 32, 33 (_foot-note_). Church Moor, near Mark Ash, 32 (_foot-note_). Church Place, at Sloden, 32 (_foot-note_). Churchwardens’ Books, at Ellingham, extracts from, 229-231; at Fordingbridge, extracts from, 230, 231. Chydioke, effigy of Sir John, in the Priory Church of Christchurch, 142, 176, 177. Clay Hill, view from, 86. Cluny, Hugh, Abbot of, foretells the death of William II., 101. Coleridge, at Mudeford, 145. Colgrimesmore, the ancient name of Souley Pond, 72. Commoners, rights of the, in the New Forest, 46. _Coronella lævis_, 259 (_foot-note_). Corporation Books, extracts from the Christchurch, 135, 136 (_foot-note_); from the Lymington, 155 (_foot-note_). Court, Moyles, 120, 121. Crockle, Roman and Romano-British potteries at, 217-219; their probable date, 222. Cross, the Staple, 146; the, at Bargate, 120. Cuckoo, sayings concerning the, 180. Customs, old, in the Forest, 178.

D Dame Slough, 273. Dauphin of France, arms of the, formerly in Boldre Church, 80; embarked at Leap, 55. Defoe, his plan for colonizing the Forest with the Palatine refugees, 47. Deer in the Forest, abolished in 1851, 46; a few left, 113. Deer-stealing, method of, 171. Denny Wood, 79; heronry at, 273. Dibden, church at, 50, 51 (_foot-note_). Diodorus Siculus, quotation from, 57 (_foot-note_). Dissolution of the religious houses, its need, 64, 137; of Beaulieu Abbey, 65; of Christchurch Priory, 138. _Domesday_, analysis and evidence of, on the afforestation of the New Forest, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31; churches in the Forest still in part remaining mentioned in, 31; Eling in, 51 (_foot-note_); Redbridge in, 51 (_foot-note_); Lyndhurst in, 87 (_foot-note_); Fordingbridge in, 117; Christchurch in, 131; mills in, rented by a payment of eels, 128, 119 (_foot-note_); Ringwood in, 123 (_foot-note_); Christchurch in, 131; Beckley, Baishley, and Milton in, 148 (_foot-note_); Lymington in, 155. Draper, John, the last prior of Christchurch Priory, character of, 137, 138. Drift, in the Forest, its contents, 236. Durham, Simon of, on the afforestation of the New Forest, 25 (_foot-note_); on the death of William II., 95 (_foot-note_).

E Eagle, golden, the, 260; sea, the, 261. Eaglehurst, 59. Easter Sepulchre, at Brockenhurst Church, 77. _Ecclesiastica, or the Book of Remembrance_, 122 (_foot-note_). Edward I. issues writs for the perambulation of the Forest, 41; possesses the Castle of Christchurch, 132. Edward III., corbel head of, in Sopley Church, 127. Edward VI. at Christchurch, 134. Eel, peculiar to the Avon, an, 125. Eels, mills rented by a payment of, 119 (_foot-note_), 128. Eling, in _Domesday_, 51 (_foot-note_); extract from parish register of, 228. Ellingham, cross roads at, 120; Church of, 122, 123; extract from Churchwardens’ Books of, 229, 230, 231. England, its peculiar interest to Englishmen, 2; ignorance of, by Englishmen, 2. Everton, etymology of, 75. Exbury, 59; herons feeding near, 273. Exe, the river, 69; derivation of, 163.

F Fairies in the New Forest, 174, 175. Falcon, peregrine, 261. Fawley, village of, 51; church, 51; Norman doorway of church, 59. Ferns in the Forest, 255, 256. Ferrels, or “Verrels,” meaning of, 82. _Fidley, Wood-, rain_, meaning of, 79. Flambard, hated by the clergy, 102; builds the Priory Church of Christchurch, 136. Florence of Worcester, on the afforestation of the New Forest, 24; on the death of William II., 95 (_foot-note_). Flowers. See Botany. Folk-lore, value of, 173; in the New Forest, 174-180. Font, Norman, at Brockenhurst, 77. Fordingbridge, 117; church of, 118; ancient tenure at, 117 (_foot-note_); extracts from Churchwardens’ Books of, 230, 231. Forest, meaning of the word, 10 (_foot-note_); government of an ancient, 35, 36; life in an ancient, 36 (_foot-note_). Forest-Laws. _See_ Laws. Forest Rights. _See_ Rights. Frame Wood, 78, 79. Fritham, country round, 114. Fritham Plain, East, 113; West, 114. Fulchered and William II., 94, 102.

G Gemeticensis, Gulielmus, on the afforestation of the New Forest, 23. Geology, the, of the Forest, 234; in the Eocene period, 235; the drift and its contents, 236; the Middle-Eocene of the Hordle and Barton Cliffs, 237-242; the Bracklesham Beds in the valley of Canterton, 242-248; the great aim of, 248. Gilpin, author of _Forest Scenery_, his love for Nature, 15 (_foot-note_); buried in Boldre churchyard, 79, 80. Gipsies, principal families of, in the Forest, 159; their marriages, 159; their present mode of life, 159, 160. Godshill, in Gough’s time, 14 (_foot-note_). Goreley Bushes, vast Keltic graveyard near, 207. Government, duty of, to protect the finest trees in the Forest, 18. Grange, St. Leonard’s, 69; barn and chapel at, 70; Park, 71; Somerford, 138, 147. Guest, Dr., on Natan-Leaga, 33 (_foot-note_); on Cerdices-ora, 53; on the “Belgic Ditches,” 130; on the “Early English Settlements in South Britain,” 163 (_foot-note_), 166 (_foot-note_). Guesten-hall, the, of the Abbot’s House at Beaulieu, 66.

H Hall, _Union of the Families of Lancaster and York_, by, quotation from, 151. Handycross Pond, barrow near, 209. Harriers, marsh and hen, 268. Hat, meaning of, in the Forest, 182, 183. Hatchet Gate, 75. Hawfinches, in the Forest, 274, 275. Heather, its one defect, 81. Hengistbury Head, derivation of, 165. Hemingburgh, Walter, on the afforestation, 25 (_foot-note_); on the death of William II., 95 (_foot-note_). Henry III., confirmation of privileges to Beaulieu Abbey, by, 63. Henry VIII., patriotism of, 151, 152. Herbert’s _Memoirs_, 153, 154. Herons in the Forest, 273, 274. High Cliff Beds, the, 242. Hill Top, 59, 61. Hinchelsea, Bottom and Knoll, 81. History, our, written on the country, 2, 129; tradition, value of, in history, 97, 98; truth in, 106. Hoadley, Bishop, on the deer in Waltham Chase, 171. Hob, Fairy, 175 (_foot-note_). Hobby, the, 261; weight of the eggs of, 264 (_foot-note_). Holland’s Wood, near Brockenhurst, 78. Holly, springing up in the Forest, 12 (_foot-note_). Holme Bush, explanation of a, 179. Holmsley, 81, 82. Honey, the Forest, 184. Hoopoe, its occurrence, 274. Hordle, its church, when built, 31 (_foot-note_); churchyard, 150; Freshwater deposits at, 237. “Horse, the Great,” 126 (_foot-note_). House, Burman’s, at Beaulieu, 66. House, Norman, at Christchurch, 132. House, the Queen’s, at Lyndhurst, 87. Hoveden, Roger, on the afforestation of the New Forest, 25 (_foot-note_); on the death of William II., 95 (_foot-note_). Howard, the philanthropist, lived at Watcombe, 75. Huntingdon, Henry of, on the afforestation, 25 (_foot-note_); on the death of William II., 95 (_foot-note_). Hurst, meaning of the word, 35. Hurst Beach, 151; Castle, built by Henry VIII., 151; Charles at, 152-154; importance of, 152 (_foot-note_). Hyde or Hungerford, 120. Hythe, village of, 50.

I Ibbesley, view at, 120; extracts from parish register of, 232, 233. Ictis, the Isle of Wight, 57, 58. Idleness, profitable, 90. Innocent III., grants the right of a sanctuary to Beaulieu Abbey, 63. Insulis, Alanus de, on the death of William II., 102. Iron’s Hill Wood, 75. Iron-works at Souley Pond, 72. Isabella de Fortibus, her possessions at Christchurch, 132; at Lymington, 154. Island Hills, the, 78. Island Thorn, Roman and Romano-British Potteries at, 220.

J James I. grants twenty assart-lands in the Forest, 43. Jar-bird, meaning of a, 187. John, King, his oppression of the Cistercian order, 61; founds Beaulieu Abbey, 62.

K Kalkesore, old name of Calshot, 54. Keltic element in the dialect of the New Forest, 163; in the topography, 164. Kestrel, eggs of, weight of the, 264. “Keystone under the hearth,” meaning of the proverb, 170. King’s Day, the, explanation of, 231. King’s Rue, 56. Kitts Hill, 91. Knives, flint, found at Eyeworth, 297 (_foot-note_). Knoll, Black, 78, 84. Knyghton, on the afforestation of the New Forest, 24; his authority of no value, 95 (_foot-note_). Knyghtwood Oak, the, 16.

L Labourers in the New Forest, average wages of, 47 (_foot-note_). Lane, Jane, 121. Langley Heath, barrows on, opened by the Rev. J. P. Bartlett, 211. Lappenberg, his account of the afforestation of the New Forest by William I., 21; on the Ictis of the ancients, 56. Latchmore Pond, 81, 199. Lawrence, the sprite, in the Forest, 174. Law-Courts, last of the Forest, 12, 87. Laws, Forest-, Canute’s, 35; made still severer by William I., 38; Charles I., attempts to revive, 42. Leap, 55; the spot where the Dauphin, Louis VIII. of France, embarked, 55; where Charles I. embarked, 56; British and Roman road at, 56; mass of tin found near, 57. Lease to, meaning of, 193. Leighton, Mr., fresco in Lyndhurst church by, 88. Leland on the death of William II., 96 (_foot-note_). Lepidoptera, list of the Forest, Appendix IV., 319. Lewis, Sir George C., on the Ictis of the ancients, 57; his theory corroborated, 58. Lichens, used as specifics in the Forest, 176. Lichmore Pond, 81, 199. Life, modern, its hurry and confusion, 73. Liney Hill Wood, 83. Lisle, Alice, 121. Loute, to, meaning of, 188. Lungs of oak (_Sticta pulmonaria_), used as a specific for consumption, 176. Lung-wort, narrow-leaved, the, 69, 256. Lymington, port of, 154; its history, 155, 156; extracts from the Corporation Books of, 155 (_foot-note_). Lyndhurst, derivation of, 86 (_foot-note_); church of, 87; scenery round, 89, 90; ancient tenure at, 86, 87; woods round, 90, 91.

M Malmesbury, William of, on the afforestation of the New Forest, 25 (_foot-note_); on the death of William II., 93, 94 (_foot-note_), 95 (_foot-note_); on the physical appearance of William II., 99 (_foot-note_). Map, Ordnance, mistake of the, 128 (_foot-note_). Mapes, Walter, on the afforestation of the New Forest, 24. Mark Ash Wood, 17. Mead, made in the New Forest, 184. Merlin, breeding of the, in the Forest, 267, 268 (_foot-note_); weight of supposed egg of, 161, 264. Middle Marine Bed, the, at Mineway, 237, 238. Milford, church of, 150, 151. Millaford Brook, the, 83, 90. Mills in the New Forest, comparative value of, by _Domesday_, 29; rented by a payment of eels, in _Domesday_, 119 (_foot-note_). Milton, words used by, now provincialisms, 191. Milton, village of, mentioned in _Domesday_, 148 (_foot-note_). Minestead, 92. Monastery, average library of a, 65 (_foot-note_); life in a, 72, 73. Monmouth’s Ash, 122. Monmouth, capture of, 122; writes to James, the Queen Dowager, and the Lord Treasurer, 123. Moon-Hill Woods, the, 75. Morefalls, the Lord Treasurer, Southampton, on the evils of granting, 43, 44 (_foot-note_). Moyles Court, 120, 121. Moyne, William le-, tenure of, at Lyndhurst, 87. Mudeford, 146.

N Natan-Leaga, the name preserved, 33. Nation, history of a, how best read, 224; its æsthetic life, how best determined, 224, 225. Nature, beauty the end and aim of, 5; her care for trees, 10; the proper spirit with which to see, 19. Natural history, its value, 235, 276. Needsore, 54; derivation of, 165. Netley Abbey Church, ruins of, 49; fort, 49, hospital, 50. New Forest, the; its connection with our history, 3; scenery of, 4; trees of, 16, 17; in the winter, 18; its boundaries in the reign of Edward I., 20, 21; its afforestation by William I., 21; value of land in _Domesday_, 29; geology of, 4, 10, 29, 30, 234-249; botany of, 250, 257 (_see_ also Appendix II., 289); ornithology of, 258-276 (_see_ also Appendix III., 307); churches of, 4; the first and second perambulations of, 40; character of the second perambulation of, 41, 42; hills of, 10; its former woody nature proved by the local nomenclature, 33; general character of, 11; in the time of the Normans, 12, 13; changes in, 12; granted as security by Charles I. to his creditors, 42; its neglected state under the Stuarts, 43, 44; William III. legislates for, 44; statistics of, 40, 47 (_foot-note_); present management of, 47 (_foot-note_); assart lands in, granted by James I., 42; hurricane in, 44; ethnology of, 160, 161; smuggling in, 169, 170; deer-stealing in, 171; folk-lore of, 173, 180; poetry of, 176; love superstitions of, 179; proverbs of, 179; local sayings, 179; provincialisms of, 181, 195 (_see_, also, Appendix I., 279); traditions in, 96, 97, 180, 181; barrows of, 196-213; Parish Registers and Churchwardens’ Books of, 226-233; Lepidoptera of, Appendix IV., 319. New Park, 86. Nodes, the, 197.

O Oak, the Cadenham, 110. Oaks, character of in the Forest, 16; measurements of, 16 (_foot-note_); “bustle-headed,” meaning of, 183. Ocknell Wood, 113. Onomatopoieia, its occurrence amongst provincialisms, 186. Ordnance map, mistake of, 126 (_foot-note_). Ore Creek, 54 (_foot-note_). Ornithology of the Forest, 260; white-tailed eagle, 260; osprey, 261; hobby, breeding of the, 261; honey-buzzard, breeding habits of, 261, 263, 265; common buzzard, breeding habits of, 265; merlin, nesting of, 267, 268 (_foot-note_); harriers, 268; owls, 269; raven, breeding of, 270; winter birds, 271; woodpeckers, 272; herons, 273; hawfinches, 274; chough, 275; census of birds, 275 (_see_ also Appendix III., 307). Ovest, meaning of, 183. Oxenford and Oxford, true derivation of, 80.

P Paris, Matthew, on William II.’s death, 94 (_foot-note_), 95 (_foot-note_). Parish Registers. See Registers. Park Grange, 71. Park, New, 86. Pennington, the village of, 153. Perambulation of the New Forest, the first, 40; the second, 40, 41; character of the second, 41, 42. Pignel Wood, 272, 273. Pigs, right of turning out, in the Forest, 46; breed of in the Forest, peculiar, 259. Pitt’s Enclosure, Roman and Romano-British potteries, at, 220. Pliny on the Isle of Wight, 57 (_foot-note_). Poetry of the New Forest, character of, 175, 176 (_foot-note_). Ponies, Forest, 259. Potteries, Roman and Romano-British, 214; at Crockle, first discovered by the Rev. J. Pemberton Bartlett, 215; at Anderwood, 215; at Oakley, 215; at Sloden, 216; at the Lower Hat, 217; at Crockle, description of, 218, 219; at Island Thorn, 220; at Pitt’s Enclosure, 220; at Ashley Rails, 221; at Black Heath, 221. Provincialisms, Keltic element in the New Forest, 163; the real character of, 173; in the New Forest, 181-195. (_See_ also Appendix I., 279). Proverbs in the Forest, 179. Puck, the fairy, in the Forest, 174; names of fields, and woods, and barrows, derived from him, 175. Puckpit’s Wood, 112, 113. Pulpit, the, of Beaulieu Refectory, 68. Purkess, family of, 97.

Q Quarr Abbey, 155. Queen’s Bower Wood, the, 83. Queen’s Mead, the, 83. Queen’s North, 11, 113, 114.

R Raven, its breeding in the Forest, 270. Reachmore Barrow, 113. Redbridge, in _Domesday_, 51 (_foot-note_). Redstart, Black, its periodical occurrence in the Forest, 274. Refectory of Beaulieu Abbey, now the parish church, 67; pulpit of, 68. Registers, Parish, at Eling, extract from, 227, 228; at Ibbesley, extracts from, 233, 234; at Christchurch, 234; date of registers in the Forest, 227 (_foot-note_). Reredos, in the Priory Church of Christchurch, 140, 141; in St. Mary’s Overie, 141 (_foot-note_). Rere-mouse, meaning of, 192. Rhinefield, nursery at, 47. Rich and poor, difference between, 5. Rights, Forest-, their origin, 36 (_foot-note_), 46 (_foot-note_). Ringwood, 123; fine brass at, 124. Rodford, derivation of, 166. Romans, why they chose the New Forest for their potteries, 224; their influence on the district, 225. _See_ also Potteries and Buckland Rings. Rood-screen in Ellingham Church, 122; at Christchurch, 140. Rose, the _Red King_ by, 33 (_foot-note_); _Gundimore_, extract from his, 146, 147 (_foot-note_). Ross, John, on the afforestation of the New Forest, 25 (_foot-note_). Rue Copse, 56. Rue, King’s, 56.

S Salisbury Chapel, the, in the Priory Church of Christchurch, 141. Salisbury, Countess of, her execution, 141, 142. Salisbury, John of, on the character of William II., 99 (_foot-note_); on William II.’s death, 106. Sanctuary of Beaulieu, the right of, given by Innocent III., 63; the Countess of Warwick flies to the, 64; Perkin Warbeck, flies to, 64. Sandyballs, 118. Screen, Rood-, in Ellingham Church, 122; in the Priory Church of Christchurch, 140. Sepulchre, Easter, in Brockenhurst Church, 77. Serlo and William II., 93, 94. Setthornes, 81. Shade, meaning of the word in the Forest, 181, 182. Shakspeare, words used by, now provincialisms, 189. Sheets-axe, meaning of the word, 183. Shepherd’s Gutter Beds, the, 244, 245. Shrewsbury, Fulchered, Abbot of St. Peter’s at, prophetic words spoken by, 94 (_foot-note_), 102. Sloden, Roman and Romano-British potteries at, 216. Sloden Hole, plan of, 217 (_foot-note_). Smoke Silver, 178 (_foot-note_); explanation of, 232. Smuggling, formerly carried on in the Forest, 169, 170. Snow-storm, great, in the Forest, 180, 181. Solent, traditions concerning the former depth of, 58. Somerford Grange, 147. Songs of the New Forest, 175, 176 (_foot-note_). Sopley, derivation of, 127; church of, 127. Southey, married his second wife at Boldre Church, 80; at Burton, 146. Southampton, the Lord Treasurer, on the evils of granting moorefalls, 43, 44 (_foot-note_). Southampton, Sir Bevis of, 3; ships built by Henry V. at, 4. Souley Pond, 72; iron-works at, 72. Spelman, Peter, tenure at Brockenhurst held by, 76. Spotswood, blunder of, 24 (_foot-note_). Squoyles, meaning of the word, 183. St. John’s Worts in the Forest, 254, 255. Staneswood, in _Domesday_, 51 (_foot-note_). Staple Cross, the, 145. Stone, Rufus’s, 96, 97. Stoney-Cross, views from, 110, 112. Streams, character of the Forest, 14; the best guide, 17; beauty of, 83, 84. Sunsets in the Forest, 15, 113; from the Barton Cliffs, 149, 150. Swanimote, Court of, 35. Sway Common, 80, 81; barrows on, 198, 199.

T Thorougham, now Fritham, the Truham of _Domesday_, 96 (_foot-note_). Tiril, Walter, William II. gives him two arrows, 93; according to the Chroniclers shoots the King, 94; his declaration to Suger, 106; his implication in the murder, 106; the cause of his supposed flight, 106; his friendship with Anselm, 102. Towns, historical interest in English, 129, 130; their history, the history of the day, 130. Tradition, its value in history, 97, 98. Traditions in the Forest, 96, 97, 180, 181. Trail of oak, the, meaning of, 183. Travelling, modern, style of, 2. Tree-forms, loveliness of, 9. Trees, their comparative value as standing and cut, 18; in the Forest, 254. Truth, involuntarily perverted, 22. Tweonea, the ancient name of Christchurch, 131. Tyrrel’s Ford, 97, 126.

U Urns found in Bratley barrow, 201, 202; in Hilly Accombs barrow, 206 (_foot-note_); in various other barrows, 211 (_foot-note_); pieces of, in different barrows, 200, 204, 205, 207, 208. Usnea barbata, its abundance in the Forest, 91 (_foot-note_).

V Valley of the Avon, its character, 116. Van-winged hawk, the, of the Forest, 261. “Vineyards, the,” at Beaulieu Abbey, 67. Vinney, meaning of the word, 190. Vinney Ridge, 82, 83; heronry at, 273. Vitalis on the afforestation of the New Forest, 24; on William II.’s death, 94, 95.

W Wages, average, of labourers in the New Forest, 47 (_foot-note_). Walking, advantages of, over driving, 6. Warbeck, Perkin, takes refuge at Beaulieu Abbey, 64. Warwick, Countess of, takes refuge at Beaulieu Abbey, 64. Wendover, Roger, on the afforestation of the New Forest, 25 (_foot-note_). West-Saxons, superstitious character of, still observable, 160, 161; love of sport, 162; peculiarity of dress, 162; verbal characteristics of, 167. Westminster, Matthew of, on the death of William II., 95 (_foot-note_). Whitebeams at Sloden, 114; at Castle Malwood, 254. Whiteshoot, square barrow near, 207. Wight, Isle of, atmospheric effects on the, 15; the Ictis of the ancients, 57, 58; Pliny on, 57 (_foot-note_), 236. William I., his character, 21, 22; his right to make a forest, 23; possessions in the Forest, 23 (_foot-note_); his love for the chase, 34; his cruelty and oppression, 22, 38. William II., his dream, as recorded, on the night before his death, 92, 93; his speech to the monk from Gloucester, 94; his death, 94; his body brought to Winchester Cathedral, 95; his brother and nephew killed in the Forest, 98; his character, 99 (_foot-note_); the events of his reign, 100 (_foot-note_); the cause of his death, 101, 102, 103; hated by his clergy, 104; plots against his life, 104, 105; his death read by his life, 108. William III., his legislation for the Forest, 44; not attended to, 45. Wilverley Plantations, 81. Wood, how sold for fuel in the Forest, 46. Woodcocks, their breeding in the Forest, 269. Woodmote, Court of, 87. Woodpecker, great black, breeding of the, 272. Woods, their beauty, 8; as dwelt upon by our English poets, 9 (_foot-note_); how valued in _Domesday_, 11, 12 (_foot-note_); round Lyndhurst, 89, 90. Woollen, affidavits of burials in, 232, 233. Wootton plantations, 81; woodcocks breed in, 269, 270. Worcester, Florence of. _See_ Florence.

Y Yaffingale, local name for the green woodpecker, 272. Yarranton, his report upon making the Avon navigable, 134; on the ironstone of the coast, 151. “Yellow as a kite’s claw, as,” a Forest proverb, 179. Yews, measurements of various, 78 (_foot-note_), at Sloden, 114. Ytene, the district of, 33, 163. Yvery, Roger de, leads the Midland barons, 105; possessed land at Lymington, 155.

FOOTNOTES

[1]_Political Pieces and Songs relating to English History._ Edited by Thomas Wright. Vol. ii., p. 199.

[2]It is worth noticing how, according to their natures, our English poets have dwelt upon the meaning of the woods, from Spenser, with his allegories, to the ballad-singer, who saw them only as a preserve for deer. Shakspeare touches upon them with both that joyful gladness, peculiar to him, and the deep melancholiness, which they also inspire. Shelley and Keats, though in very different ways, both revel in the woods. To Wordsworth they are “a map of the whole world.” Of course, under the names of woods, and any lessons from them, I speak only of such lowland woods as are known chiefly in England; not dense forests shutting out light and air, without flowers or song of birds, whose effect on national poetry and character is quite the reverse to that of the groves and woodlands of our own England. See what Mr. Ruskin has so well said on the subject. _Modern Painters_, vol. v., part vi., ch. ix., § 15, pp. 89, 90; and, also in the same volume, part vii., chap. iv., § 2, 3, pp. 137-39; and compare vol. iii., part iv., ch. xiv., § 33, pp. 217-19.

[3]In the lower part of the Forest, near the Channel, the effect is quite painful, all the trees being strained away from the sea like Tennyson’s thorn. It is the _Usnea barbata_ which covers them, especially the oaks, with its hoary fringe, and gives such a character to the whole Forest.

[4]The reader must bear in mind that the word “forest” is here used, as it is always throughout the district, in its primitive sense of a wild, open space. And the moors and plains are still so called, though there may not be a single tree growing upon them. (See chap. iii., p. 35, foot-note.)

[5]The woods, in _Domesday_, are, as we shall see, generally valued by the number of swine they maintain.

[6]For a justification of this general picture, I must refer the reader to the next chapter, where references to _Domesday_, as to the state of the district before its afforestation by the Conqueror, and the evidence supplied by the names of places, are given. I may add, as showing the former nature of the woods, that the charcoal found in the barrows, embankments, and the Roman potteries, is made from oak and beech, but principally the latter. Since, too, the deer have been destroyed, young shoots of holly are springing up in all directions, and another generation may, perhaps, see the Forest resembling its old condition. As a proof, beside the entry in _Domesday_, that the Hordle Cliffs were covered with timber, the fishermen dredging for the _septaria_ in the Channel constantly drag up large boles of oaks, locally known as “mootes.” The existence of the chestnut is shown by the large beams in some of the old Forest churches, as at Fawley; but none now exist, except a few, comparatively modern, though very fine, at Boldrewood. Further, the Forest could never, except in the winter, have been very swampy, as the gravelly formation of the greater part of the soil supplies it with a natural drainage. Still, there were swamps, and in the wet places large quantities of bog-oak have been dug up, bearing witness, as in other countries, of an epoch of oaks, which preceded the beech-woods. Gough, in his additions to Camden’s _Britannia_, vol. i., p. 126, describes Godshill as being in his day covered with thick oaks. When, too, Lewis wrote in 1811, old people could then recollect it so densely covered with pollard oaks and hollies that the road was easily lost. (_Historical Enquiries on the New Forest_, p. 79, Foot-note.) No one, I suppose, now believes that wolves were extirpated by Edgar. They and wild boars are expressly mentioned in the Laws of Canute (_Manwood: a Treatise of the Lawes of the Forest_, _f._ 3, § 27, 1615), and lingered in the north of England till Henry VIII.’s reign. (See further on the subject, _The Zoology of Ancient Europe_, by Alfred Newton, p. 24.) I have hesitated, however, to include the beaver, though noticed by Harrison, who wrote in 1574, as in his time frequenting the Taf, in Wales (_Description of England_, prefixed to Holinshed’s _Chronicle_, ch. iv. pp. 225, 226.) The eggs of cranes, bustards, and bitterns, were, we know, protected as late as the middle of the sixteenth century. (_Statutes of the Realm_, vol. iii., p. 445, 25^o Henry VIII., ch. xi., § 4; and vol. iv., p. 109, 3^o, 4^o, Ed. VI., ch. vii.) The last bustard was seen in the Forest, some twenty-five years ago, on Butt’s Plain, near Eyeworth. It is a sad pity that the enormous collection of birds’ bones, described as chiefly those of herons and bitterns, found by Brander amongst the foundations of the Priory Church at Christchurch (see _Archæologia_, vol. iv., pp. 117, 118), were not preserved, as they might have yielded some interesting results. We must, however, still bear in mind that there are far more points of resemblance than of difference between the Forest of to-day and that of the Conqueror’s time; especially in the long tracts of fern and heath and furze, which certainly then existed, pastured over by flocks of cattle.

[7]_Remarks on Forest Scenery, illustrated by the New Forest_, vol. ii., pp. 241-46; third edition. Some mention should here be made of Gilpin, a man who, in a barren, unnatural age, partook of much of the same spirit as Cowper and Thompson, and whose work should be placed side by side with their poems. Unfortunately, much of his description is now quite useless, as the Forest has been so much altered; but the real value of the book still remains unchanged in its pure love for Nature and its simple, unaffected tone. It is well worth, however, noticing—as showing the enormous difficulty of overcoming an established error—that, notwithstanding his true appreciation of bough-forms (see vol. i., pp. 110-12, same edition), and his hatred of pollarded shapes, and all formalism (same vol., p. 4), he had not sufficient force to break through the conventional drawing of the eighteenth and the beginning of the nineteenth centuries, and his trees (see, as before, pp. 252-54) are all drawn under the impression that they are a gigantic species of cabbage. The edition, however, published in 1834, and edited by Sir T. D. Lauder, is, in this and many other respects, far better.

[8]The following measurements may have, perhaps, an interest for some readers:—Girth of the Knyghtwood oak, 17 ft. 4 in.; of the Western oak at Boldrewood, 24 ft. 9 in.; the Eastern, 16 ft.; and the Northern, in the thickest part, 20 ft. 4 in.; though, lower down, only 14 ft. 8 in.; beech at Studley, 21 ft.; beech at Holmy Ridge, 20 ft. The handsomest oak, however, in the district, stands a few yards outside the Forest boundary, close to Moyle’s Court, measuring 18 ft. 8½ in.

[9]_England under the Anglo-Norman Kings._ Ed. Thorpe, p. 214.

[10]The same, p. 266.

[11]_The Chronicle._ Ed. Thorpe. Vol. i. p. 354. This, of course, must not be too literally taken. It is one of those stock phrases which so often recur in literature, and may be found, under rather different forms, applied to other princes.

[12]Voltaire was the first to throw any doubt on the generally received account (_Essai sur les Mœurs et l’Esprit des Nations_, tom. iii. ch. xlii. p. 169. _Panthéon Littéraire._ Paris, 1836). He has in England been followed by Warner (_Topographical Remarks on the South-Western Parts of Hampshire_, vol. i. pp. 164-197), and Lewis, in his _Historical Enquiries concerning the New Forest_, pp. 42-55.

[13]Concerning the King’s prerogative to make a forest wherever he pleased, and the ancient legal maxim that all beasts of the chase were exclusively his and his alone, see Manwood—_A Treatise of the Lawes of the Forest_, ch. ii. ff. 25-33, and ch. iii. sect. i. f. 33, 1615. We must remember, too, that, before the afforestation, William not only owned by right of conquest, as being King, the large demesne lands of the Crown in the district, and also those estates of former possessors, who had fallen at Hastings, or fled into exile, but, as we know from _Domesday_, kept some—as at Eling, Breamore, and Ringwood—in his own hands.

[14]Bouquet. _Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France_, tom. xi., pref., No. xii. p. 14; and tom. xii., pref., No. xlix. pp. 46-48. Some account of him may be found in tom. x. p. 184, foot-note _a_, and in the preface of the same volume, No. xv. p. 28. See also preface to tom. viii., No. xxxi., p. 24, as also p. 254, foot-note _a_.

[15]_De Ducibus Normannis_, book vii. c. ix.; in Camden’s _Anglica Scripta_, p. 674.

[16]_Chronicon ex Chronicis._ Ed. Thorpe. Vol. ii. p. 45. Published by the English Historical Society.

[17]_Historia Ecclesiastica_, pars. iii. lib. x., in the _Patrologiæ Cursus Completus_. Ed. J. P. Migne. Tom. clxxxviii. p. 749 c. Paris, 1855.

[18]_De Nugis Curialium Distinctiones Quinque_, distinc. v. cap. vi. p. 222. Published by the Camden Society.

[19]_De Eventibus Angliæ_, lib. ii. cap. vii., in Twysden’s _Historiæ Anglicanæ Scriptores Decem_, p. 2373. I am almost ashamed to quote Knyghton, but it is as well to give the most unfavourable account. Spotswood, in his _History of the Church of Scotland_ (book ii. p. 30, fourth edition, 1577), repeats the same blunder as Walter Mapes and Knyghton, adding that the New Forest was at Winchester, and that Rufus destroyed thirty churches.

[20]For the sake of brevity, let me add that William of Malmesbury (_Gesta Regum Anglorum_, vol. ii. p. 455, published by the English Historical Society, 1840), Henry of Huntingdon (_Historiarum_, lib. vi., in Savile’s _Rerum Anglicarum Scriptores_, p. 371), Simon of Durham (_De Gestis Regum Anglorum_, in the _Historiæ Anglicanæ Scriptores Decem_, p. 225), copying word for word from Florence, Roger Hoveden (_Annalium Pars Prior, Willielmus Junior_, in the _Rerum Anglicarum Scriptores_, p. 468), Roger of Wendover (_Flores Historiarum_, vol. ii. pp. 25, 26, published by the English Historical Society), Walter Hemingburgh (_De Gestis Regum Angliæ_, vol. i. p. 33, published by the English Historical Society), and John Ross (_Historia Regum Angliæ_, pp. 112, 113. Ed. Hearne. Oxford, 1716), repeat, according to their different degrees of accuracy, the general story of the Conqueror destroying villages and exterminating the inhabitants.

[21]_The Chronicle._ Ed. Thorpe, as before quoted. Nor does the writer, when another opportunity presents itself at Rufus’s death, mention the matter, but passes it over in significant silence. The same volume, p. 364.

[22]See _Domesday_ (the photo-zincographed fac-simile of the part relating to Hampshire; published at the Ordnance Survey Office, 1861), p. xxix. b, under Bertramelei, Pistelslai, Odetune, Oxelei, &c.

[23]See in _Domesday_, as before, p. xxvii. b, the entry under Langelei—“Aluric Petit tenet unam virgatam in Forestâ.” See, too, p. iii. b, under Edlinges.

[24]See in _Domesday_, under Thuinam, Holeest, Slacham, Rinwede, p. iv. a; and Herdel, p. xxviii. b.

[25]See in _Domesday_, out of many instances, Esselei and Suei, p. xxix. b; Bailocheslei, p. xiv. b; Wolnetune and Bedeslei, p. xxviii. a; Hentune, p. xxviii. b; and Linhest, p. iv. a.

[26]It is possible that whilst the survey was being taken Saulf died. If this be so, we find an instance of feeling in allowing his widow to still rent the lands at Hubborn, which could little have been expected. The name seems to have been misspelt in various entries. See _Domesday_, p. xxix. b, under Sanhest and Melleford.

[27]Aluric is probably the physician of that name mentioned in _Domesday_, p. xxix. a, as holding land in the hundred of Egheiete. Not to take up further space, let me here only notice some few out of the many Old-English names of persons in _Domesday_ holding lands in places which had been more or less afforested, such as Godric (probably Godric Malf) at Wootton, Willac in the hundred of Egheiete, Uluric at Godshill, in the actual Forest, and Wislac at Oxley. See _Domesday_ under the words Odetune, Godes-manes-camp, and Oxelei, p. xxix. b. See, also, under Totintone, p. xxvii. a, where Agemund and Alric hold lands which the former, and the latter’s father, had held of Edward.

[28]Passing over the later and more highly-coloured accounts, we will content ourselves with Florence of Worcester, as more trustworthy, whose words are—“Antiquis enim temporibus, Edwardi scilicet Regis, et aliorum Angliæ Regum predecessorum ejus, hæc regio incolis Dei et ecclesiis nitebat uberrime.” (Thorpe’s edition, as before quoted.) Were this, even in a limited degree, true, the Forest would present the strange anomaly of possessing more churches then than it does now, with a great increase of population. The _Domesday_ census, we may add, makes the inhabitants of that portion which is called “In Novâ Forestâ et circa eam,” a little over two hundred. See Ellis’s _Introduction to Domesday_, vol. ii. p. 450.

[29]In support of these statements, I may quote from the Prize Essay on the Farming of Hampshire, published in the _Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England_ (vol. xxii., part ii., No. 48, 1861), and which was certainly not written with any view to historical evidence, but simply from an agricultural point. At pp. 242, 243, the author says: “The outlying New Forest block consists of more recent and unprofitable deposits. This tract appears to the ordinary observer, at first sight, to be a mixed mass of clays, marls, sands, and gravels. The apparent confusion arises from the variety of the strata, from the confined space in which they are deposited, and from the manner in which, on the numerous hills and knolls, they overlie one another, or are concealed by drift gravel.” And again, at pp. 250, 251, he continues: “Of the Burley Walk, the part to the west of Burley Beacon, and round it, is nothing but sand or clay growing rushes, with here and there some ‘bed furze.’... The Upper Bagshots, about Burley Beacon, round by Rhinefield and Denney Lodges, and so on towards Fawley, are hungry sands devoid of staple:” and finally sums up by saying, “half of the 63,000 acres are not worth 1_s._ 6_d._ an acre,” p. 330.

[30]In that portion under “In Novâ Forestâ et circa eam.”

[31]Warner, vol. ii. p. 33, says Hordle Church was standing when _Domesday_ was made. This is a mistake. It was, however, built soon after, as we know from some grants of Baldwin de Redvers.

[32]Mr. Thorpe notices, in his edition of _The Chronicle_, vol. ii. p. 94, foot-note, its early use, in a document of Eadger’s, A.D. 964, in the sense of a town; but in the first place it certainly meant only an inclosed spot. There appears to have been at some time, in the south part of the Forest, a church near Wootton, the Odetune of _Domesday_, where its memory is still preserved in the name of Church Lytton given to a small plot of ground. Rose, in his notes to the _Red King_, p. 205, suggests that Church Moor and Church Place indicate other places of worship. Church Moor is a very unlikely situation, being a large and deep morass, and could well, from its situation, have been nothing else, and, in all probability, takes its name, in quite modern times, from some person. But Church Place at Sloden, like Church Green in Eyeworth Wood, is certainly merely the embankments near which the Romano-British population employed in the Roman potteries, once lived, and which ignorance and superstition have turned into sacred ground. The word Lytton, at Wootton, however, makes the former position certain, but by no means necessitates that the church was standing at the afforestation. Thus we know that in Leland’s time a chapel was in existence at Fritham (_Itinerary_, ed. Hearne, vol. vi. f. 100, p. 88), which has since his day disappeared. It would, of course, be absurd to argue that all ruins which have been, or yet may be found, were caused by the Conqueror. Further, with regard to the castles, had there been any, they would most certainly have been noticed in _Domesday_, and it is most unlikely, knowing how very few existed in England at the Conquest, that five or six should have been clustered together in the Forest. The fact, too, of Rose’s finding “minute fragments of brick and mortar,” lumps of chalk, and pieces of slate bored with holes, simply proves that persons have, subsequently to the Normans, found the New Forest a most ungrateful soil. I may, perhaps, add that Mr Akerman, the well-known archæologist, when, a few years since, exploring the Roman potteries in the Forest (for which see