The Native Races [of the Pacific states], Volume 2, Civilized Nations The Works of Hubert Howe Bancroft, Volume 2

PAGE. Definition of the Terms -- The Universal Soul of Progress -- Man the Instrument and not the Element of Progress -- Origin of Progressional Phenomena -- The Agency of Evil...

The American Civilization of the Sixteenth Century -- Its Disappearance -- The Past, a New Element -- Dividing line between Savage and Civilized Tribes -- Bounds of American Civ...

System of Government -- The Aztec Confederacy -- Order of Succession -- Election of Kings among the Mexicans -- Royal Prerogatives -- Government and Laws of Succession among the...

Extent and Interior of the Great Palace in Mexico -- The Palace of Nezahualcoyotl, King of Tezcuco -- The Zoölogical Collections of the Nahua Monarchs -- Montezuma's Oratory --...

Titles of the Nobility and Gentry -- The Power of the Nobles -- The Aristocracy of Tezcuco -- The Policy of King Techotlalatzin -- Privileges of the Nobles -- Montezuma's Policy...

Influence of the Commoners -- Oppression by Nobles -- Deprived of Office by Montezuma II. -- Classes of Slaves -- Penal Slaves -- Voluntary Slavery -- Slave Market at Azcapuzalc...

Education of the Nahua Youth -- Manner of Punishment -- Marriage Preliminaries -- Nuptial Ceremony -- Observance after Marriage -- Mazatec, Otomí, Chichimec, and Toltec Marriage...

Excessive Fondness for Feasts -- Manner of Giving Feasts -- Serving the Meal -- Professional Jesters -- Parting Presents to Guests -- Royal Banquets -- Tobacco Smoking -- Public...

Frequent Occurrence of Religious Feasts -- Human Sacrifices -- Feasts of the Fourth Year -- Monthly Festivals -- Sacrifice of Children -- Feast of Xipe -- Manner of Sacrifice --...

Origin of Agriculture -- Floating Gardens -- Agricultural Products -- Manner of preparing the Soil -- Description of Agricultural Implements -- Irrigation -- Granaries -- Garden...

Progress in Dress -- Dress of the Pre-Aztec Nations -- Garments of the Chichimecs and Toltecs -- Introduction of Cotton -- The Maxtli -- The Tilmatli -- Dress of the Acolhuas --...

The Main Features of Nahua Commerce -- Commerce in Pre-Aztec Times -- Outrages Committed by Aztec Merchants -- Privileges of the Merchants of Tlatelulco -- Jealousy between Merc...

Importance of the Military Profession -- Indications of Rank -- Education of Warriors -- Rewards for Valor -- Military Orders and their Dress -- Gorgeous War-Dresses of Montezum...

General Remarks -- the Cihuacoatl, or Supreme Judge -- the Court of the Tlacatecatl -- Jurisdiction of the Tecuhtlis -- the Centectlapixques and Topillis -- Law Courts and Judge...

Metals Used and Manner of Obtaining Them -- Working of Gold and Silver -- Wonderful Skill in Imitating Gilding and Plating -- Working in Stone -- Lapidary Work -- Wood Carving -...

Astronomical Knowledge of the Aztecs -- Contradictions of Authors respecting the Calendar -- Value of the Researches of Various Writers -- The First Regular Calendar -- The Mexi...

Hieroglyphic Records -- The Native Books -- Authorities -- Destruction of the Native Archives by Zumárraga and his Confrères -- Picture-Writings used after the Conquest for Conf...

Architecture of the Ancient Nations -- General Features of Nahua Architecture -- The Arch -- Exterior and Interior Decorations -- Method of Building -- Inclined Planes -- Scaffo...

Mexican Contributions to Medical Science -- The Botanical Gardens -- Longevity -- Prevalent Diseases -- Introduction of Small-Pox and Syphilis -- Medical Treatment -- The Temazc...

Introductory Remarks -- Votan's Empire -- Zamná's Reign -- The Royal Families of Yucatan, Cocomes, Tutul Xius, Itzas, and Cheles -- Titles and Order of Succession -- Classes of...

Education of Youth -- Public Schools of Guatemala -- Branches of Study in Yucatan -- Marrying-Age -- Degrees of Consanguinity allowed in Marriage -- Preliminaries of Marriage --...

Special Observances -- Fixed Feasts -- Sacrifice of Slaves -- Monthly Feasts of the Yucatecs -- Renewal of the Idols -- Feast of the Chacs -- Hunting Festival -- The Tuppkak --...

Introduction of Agriculture -- Quiché Tradition of the Discovery of Maize -- Maize Culture -- Superstitions of Farmers -- Hunting and Fishing -- Domestic Animals, Fowl, and Bees...

Scarcity of Information -- Use of Metals -- Gold and Precious Stones -- Implements of Stone -- Sculpture -- Pottery -- Manufacture of Cloth -- Dyeing -- System of Numeration --...

Scanty Information given by the Early Voyagers -- Private Houses of the Mayas -- Interior Arrangement, Decoration, and Furniture -- Maya Cities -- Description of Utatlan -- Pati...

DEFINITION OF THE TERMS -- FORCE AND NATURE -- THE UNIVERSAL SOUL OF PROGRESS -- MAN THE INSTRUMENT AND NOT THE ELEMENT OF PROGRESS -- ORIGIN OF PROGRESSIONAL PHENOMENA -- THE A...

THE AMERICAN CIVILIZATION OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY--ITS DISAPPEARANCE--THE PAST, A NEW ELEMENT--DIVIDING LINE BETWEEN SAVAGE AND CIVILIZED TRIBES--BOUNDS OF AMERICAN CIVILIZATIO...

SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT--THE AZTEC CONFEDERACY--ORDER OF SUCCESSION--ELECTION OF KINGS AMONG THE MEXICANS--ROYAL PREROGATIVES--GOVERNMENT AND LAWS OF SUCCESSION AMONG THE TOLTECS A...

EXTENT AND INTERIOR OF THE GREAT PALACE IN MEXICO--THE PALACE OF NEZAHUALCOYOTL, KING OF TEZCUCO--THE ZOÖLOGICAL COLLECTIONS OF THE NAHUA MONARCHS--MONTEZUMA'S ORATORY--ROYAL GA...

TITLES OF THE NOBILITY AND GENTRY--THE POWER OF THE NOBLES--THE ARISTOCRACY OF TEZCUCO--THE POLICY OF KING TECHOTLALATZIN--PRIVILEGES OF THE NOBLES--MONTEZUMA'S POLICY--RIVALRY...

INFLUENCE OF THE COMMONERS--OPPRESSION BY NOBLES--DEPRIVED OF OFFICE BY MONTEZUMA II.--CLASSES OF SLAVES--PENAL SLAVES--VOLUNTARY SLAVERY--SLAVE MARKET AT AZCAPUZALCO--PUNISHMEN...

EDUCATION OF THE NAHUA YOUTH--MANNER OF PUNISHMENT--MARRIAGE PRELIMINARIES--NUPTIAL CEREMONY--OBSERVANCE AFTER MARRIAGE--MAZATEC, OTOMÍ, CHICHIMEC, AND TOLTEC MARRIAGES--DIVORCE...

EXCESSIVE FONDNESS FOR FEASTS--MANNER OF GIVING FEASTS--SERVING THE MEAL--PROFESSIONAL JESTERS--PARTING PRESENTS TO GUESTS--ROYAL BANQUETS--TOBACCO SMOKING--PUBLIC DANCES--MANNE...

FREQUENT OCCURRENCE OF RELIGIOUS FEASTS--HUMAN SACRIFICES--FEASTS OF THE FOURTH YEAR--MONTHLY FESTIVALS--SACRIFICE OF CHILDREN--FEAST OF XIPE--MANNER OF SACRIFICE--FEASTS OF CAM...

ORIGIN OF AGRICULTURE--FLOATING GARDENS--AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS--MANNER OF PREPARING THE SOIL--DESCRIPTION OF AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS--IRRIGATION--GRANARIES--GARDENS--THE HARVEST...

PROGRESS IN DRESS--DRESS OF THE PRE-AZTEC NATIONS--GARMENTS OF THE CHICHIMECS AND TOLTECS--INTRODUCTION OF COTTON--THE MAXTLI--THE TILMATLI--DRESS OF THE ACOLHUAS--ORIGIN OF THE...

THE MAIN FEATURES OF NAHUA COMMERCE--COMMERCE IN PRE-AZTEC TIMES--OUTRAGES COMMITTED BY AZTEC MERCHANTS--PRIVILEGES OF THE MERCHANTS OF TLATELULCO--JEALOUSY BETWEEN MERCHANTS AN...

IMPORTANCE OF THE MILITARY PROFESSION--INDICATIONS OF RANK--EDUCATION OF WARRIORS--REWARDS FOR VALOR--MILITARY ORDERS AND THEIR DRESS--GORGEOUS WAR-DRESSES OF MONTEZUMA AND THE...

GENERAL REMARKS--THE CIHUACOATL, OR SUPREME JUDGE--THE COURT OF THE TLACATECATL--JURISDICTION OF THE TECUHTLIS--THE CENTECTLAPIXQUES AND TOPILLIS--LAW COURTS AND JUDGES OF TEZCU...

METALS USED AND MANNER OF OBTAINING THEM--WORKING OF GOLD AND SILVER--WONDERFUL SKILL IN IMITATING--GILDING AND PLATING--WORKING IN STONE--LAPIDARY WORK--WOOD CARVING--MANUFACTU...

ASTRONOMICAL KNOWLEDGE OF THE AZTECS--CONTRADICTIONS OF AUTHORS RESPECTING THE CALENDAR--VALUE OF THE RESEARCHES OF VARIOUS WRITERS--THE FIRST REGULAR CALENDAR--THE MEXICAN CYCL...

HIEROGLYPHIC RECORDS--THE NATIVE BOOKS--AUTHORITIES--DESTRUCTION OF THE NATIVE ARCHIVES BY ZUMÁRRAGA AND HIS CONFRÈRES--PICTURE-WRITINGS USED AFTER THE CONQUEST FOR CONFESSION A...

ARCHITECTURE OF THE ANCIENT NATIONS--GENERAL FEATURES OF NAHUA ARCHITECTURE--THE ARCH--EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR DECORATIONS--METHOD OF BUILDING--INCLINED PLANES--SCAFFOLDS--THE USE...

MEXICAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO MEDICAL SCIENCE--THE BOTANICAL GARDENS--LONGEVITY--PREVALENT DISEASES--INTRODUCTION OF SMALL-POX AND SYPHILIS--MEDICAL TREATMENT--THE TEMAZCALLI--ABORIG...

INTRODUCTORY REMARKS--VOTAN'S EMPIRE--ZAMNÁ'S REIGN--THE ROYAL FAMILIES OF YUCATAN; COCOMES, TUTUL XIUS, ITZAS, AND CHELES--TITLES AND ORDER OF SUCCESSION--CLASSES OF NOBLES--TH...

EDUCATION OF YOUTH--PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF GUATEMALA--BRANCHES OF STUDY IN YUCATAN--MARRYING AGE--DEGREES OF CONSANGUINITY ALLOWED IN MARRIAGE--PRELIMINARIES OF MARRIAGE--MARRIAGE CE...

SPECIAL OBSERVANCES--FIXED FEASTS--SACRIFICE OF SLAVES--MONTHLY FEASTS OF THE YUCATECS--RENEWAL OF THE IDOLS--FEAST OF THE CHACS--HUNTING FESTIVAL--THE TUPPKAK--FEAST OF THE CAC...

INTRODUCTION OF AGRICULTURE--QUICHÉ TRADITION OF THE DISCOVERY OF MAIZE--MAIZE CULTURE--SUPERSTITIONS OF FARMERS--HUNTING AND FISHING--DOMESTIC ANIMALS, FOWL, AND BEES--PRESERVA...

SCARCITY OF INFORMATION--USE OF METALS--GOLD AND PRECIOUS STONES--IMPLEMENTS OF STONE--SCULPTURE--POTTERY--MANUFACTURE OF CLOTH--DYEING--SYSTEM OF NUMERATION--MAYA CALENDAR IN Y...

SCANTY INFORMATION GIVEN BY THE EARLY VOYAGERS--PRIVATE HOUSES OF THE MAYAS--INTERIOR ARRANGEMENT, DECORATION, AND FURNITURE--MAYA CITIES--DESCRIPTION OF UTATLAN--PATINAMIT, THE...