Part 29

On Plate 157 are portraits of a male and a female of the typical form of this species (Figs. 1 [male] and 3 [female]); and two male examples (Figs. 2 and 4) of the Shetland race var. _thulensis_, Newman, better known perhaps as _hethlandica_, Staudinger, but the former is the older name. It will be noted that in the ordinary form the male has white wings, and that the female has yellowish fore wings marked with orange, and smoky hind wings. The Shetland male, represented by Fig. 2, has the fore wings whitish buff in colour with brownish markings similar in pattern to those of an ordinary female; the hind wings are blackish. The second example of _thulensis_ (Fig. 4) is somewhat similar in appearance to a typical female. In other male specimens of this insular race the wings are pretty much of the typical colour, but the markings on the front pair are reduced both in number and size. Mr. H. McArthur, who has collected a good deal in the Shetland Isles, states that in Unst, the most northern island of the group, more or less typical _humuli_ were found on the cliffs facing south-east, whilst the majority of the specimens obtained in boggy meadows, etc., were of the _thulensis_ form.

2 Pl. 158. 1-3. MAP-WINGED SWIFT. 4-6. COMMON SWIFT. 7, 8. GOLD SWIFT.

2 Pl. 159. 1, 1a. COMMON SWIFT: _caterpillar and chrysalis_. 2, 2a. GHOST MOTH: _caterpillar and chrysalis (enlarged)_. 3. ORANGE SWIFT: _caterpillar_.

{361} The caterpillar feeds on the roots of plants, such as burdock, dandelion, dead-nettle, etc. It is full grown in May, and the moth is out in June and July. (Plate 159, Fig. 2; after Hofmann.) The males may be seen in the evening, sometimes in numbers in grassy places, swaying themselves to and fro without making progress, and appearing as though they dangled from the end of an invisible thread; the female flies straight, and, as a rule, in the direction of one or other of the pendulous males.

The species is generally distributed over the British Isles.

ORANGE SWIFT (_Hepialus sylvina_).

The male of this species (Plate 157, Figs. 5. [male], 6 [female]) usually some shade of orange brown, with greyish-edged white markings on the fore wings. Sometimes the female is orange brown, but more often it is some shade of grey brown.

The caterpillar (Plate 159, Fig. 3; after Hofmann) feeds on the roots of dock, bracken, viper's bugloss, etc., and is full grown about July. In late July and in August the moth may be seen in the early evening flying among bracken, and not infrequently around trees fairly high up. Occasionally, specimens are seen in the daytime on tree-trunks, fences, etc. At one time this species was known in the vernacular as "The Tawny and Brown Swift"; it is also "The Orange or Evening Swift" of Harris (1778) and the "Wood Swift" of Newman. It is {362} common in many southern and eastern parts, but widely distributed over England, Wales, and Scotland to Moray. Only doubtfully recorded from Ireland.

MAP-WINGED SWIFT (_Hepialus fusconebulosa_).

At one time this species (the _velleda_ of Hubner) was known as the "Northern Swift," but as it is plentiful in North Devonshire and Somersetshire, and occurs less commonly in other southern English counties, that name is hardly suitable. Haworth's English name for it--"The Beautiful Swift"--does not quite meet the case, because, although the insect is prettily marked, it is scarcely beautiful. We have then to fall back on Donovan's Map-winged Swift as a popular name, and this seems a fairly apt one, as the markings on the fore wings are somewhat map-like in pattern, especially in the more typical specimens.

There is much variation in colour and in marking; some examples, chiefly those from Shetland, are prettily variegated. A uniform reddish-brown variety, ab. _gallicus_, Lederer, is depicted on Plate 158, Fig. 3; and a more or less typical specimen of each sex is shown on the same plate (Figs. 1 [male], 2 [female]).

The caterpillar is ochreous white, with orange-brown plates, and rather paler raised dots; head, reddish brown, and spiracles black. It feeds on the roots of the bracken, and is full grown about May. The moth is out in June and July, and flies, in the gloaming, on hill slopes, heaths, and the edges of mosses and woods; it seems to be more active than either of the other British "Swifts"; at all events, I have always found it less easy to capture with the net.

The species is pretty generally distributed throughout the British Isles. {363}

COMMON SWIFT (_Hepialus lupulina_).

Three examples of this species are shown on Plate 158. Fig. 4 is a typical male, Fig. 5 a whitish suffused variety, and Fig. 6 is a female. The latter sex is generally devoid of marking, and in the male the stripes and dashes are far more conspicuous in some specimens than in others.

The glossy whitish caterpillar has a brown head; the plate on the first ring of the body is brownish, and the raised dots are pretty much of the same colour. It feeds on the roots of grass and other plants, and is full grown about April. A figure of the caterpillar, from a drawing in colour by Mr. A. Sich, and a photo of the pupa by Mr. H. Main, are shown on Plate 159, Figs. 1 and 1a; the latter is twice natural size.

The moth is out in June, or sometimes late May, and occasional specimens have been noted in September. It is more frequently seen at rest, on fences, etc., than either of the other species of the genus; but towards dusk it is on the wing, and may then be observed in large numbers careering over grass meadows or along stretches of green turf by the wayside.

Generally distributed, and often abundant, throughout the United Kingdom; and it occurs in Monaghan, Mayo, Galway, and Kerry, in Ireland.

GOLD SWIFT (_Hepialus hecta_).

Both sexes of this species are shown on Plate 158, where Fig. 7 represents the golden-marked male, and Fig. 8 the more dingy, dull, purplish-grey striped female. There is variation in number and in size of the markings on the fore wings of the male, and occasionally the hind wings in this sex are adorned with golden spangles on the outer area.

The pale greyish brown caterpillar has glossy darker brown {364} plates on rings 1-3, and the raised dots and the spiracles are black. It feeds on the roots of bracken, and is full grown about May. Buckler states that at first it burrows in the root, hibernates when small, resumes feeding in April, attains full growth before winter, and hibernates in the earth for a second time; in the spring of the second year it gnaws cavities in the young shoots of the bracken, and apparently drinks the flowing sap.

The moth is out in June. The males fly at dusk, something in the manner of _humuli_, over and among the bracken; but the females fly in a more or less direct line. An odour given off by the males of this species has been likened to that of the pine apple; whilst the "scent" of the Ghost Moth is said to be more of the billy-goat character.

In most woody localities, where the bracken flourishes, this species will be found throughout England, Wales, Scotland to Aberdeen and the Hebrides, and Ireland.

INDEX.

_Abraxas grossulariata_, 260, _Plates_ 103, 104; _sylvata_, 259, _Plates_ 103, 104 _Abrostola tripartita_, 74, _Plate_ 22; _triplasia_, 73, _Plates_ 22, 27 _Acidalia aversata_, 120, _Plates_ 46, 47; _bisetata_, 121, _Plate_ 46; _contiguaria_, 109, _Plate_ 45; _degeneraria_, 118, _Plate_ 46; _dimidiata_, 121, _Plates_ 46, 47; _emutaria_, 128, _Plate_ 49; _fumata_, 131, _Plate_ 50; _herbariata_, 111, _Plate_ 45; _holosericata_, 116, _Plate_ 45; _humiliata_, 115, _Plate_ 45; _imitaria_, 129, _Plates_ 48, 49; _immorata_, 126, _Plate_ 49; _immutata_, 124, _Plate_ 49; _inornata_, 119, _Plates_ 46, 47; _interjectaria_, 114, _Plate_ 45; _marginepunctata_, 125, _Plate_ 49; _ochrata_, 132, _Plate_ 50; _ornata_, 123, _Plate_ 46; _perochraria_, 133, _Plate_ 53; _remutaria_, 124, _Plate_ 49; _rubiginata_, 130, _Plate_ 50; _rusticata_, 110, _Plates_ 45, 48; _straminata_, 113, _Plates_ 45, 61; _strigilaria_, 127, _Plate_ 49; _subsericeata_, 117, _Plate_ 45; _trigeminata_, 122, _Plate_ 46; _virgularia_, 112, _Plate_ 45 Acidaliinae, 109 _Acontia lucida_, var. _albicollis_, 53, _Plate_ 19; _luctuosa_, 54, _Plates_ 19, 23 _Adscita geryon_, 343, _Plate_ 147; _statices_, 342, _Plates_ 145, 147 Alchymist, 78. _Plate_ 29 _Aleucis pictaria_, 264. _Plate_ 107 _Amathes circellaris_, 14, _Plates_ 5, 7; _helvola_, 15, _Plate_ 9; _litura_, 16, _Plate_ 9; _lota_, 12, _Plates_ 5, 7; _lychnidis_, 16, _Plates_ 5, 9; _macilenta_, 13, _Plate_ 7 _Amoebe olivata_, 184, _Plates_ 73, 75; _viridaria_, 185, _Plate_ 75 _Amphidasys_. See _Pachys_. _Anaitis plagiata_, 149. _Plate_ 55 _Anarta cordigera_, 44, _Plate_ 17; _melanopa_, 45, _Plate_ 17; _myrtilli_, 44, _Plates_ 17, 20 _Anchocelis lunosa_, 11. _Plate_ 7 _Angerona prunaria_, 280. _Plates_ 117, 118 Angle-barred Pug, 246. _Plate_ 98 Angle-striped Sallow, 5. _Plate_ 4 _Ania emarginata_, 133. _Plate_ 50 _Anisopteryx aescularia_, 294. _Plates_ 122, 125 Annulet, 319. _Plates_ 139, 140 _Anticlea badiata_, 217, _Plates_ 88, 89; _berberata_, 218, _Plate_ 88; _cucullata_, 216, _Plate_ 88; _nigrafasciaria_, 219, _Plates_ 88, 89; _rubidata_, 218, _Plate_ 88 _Aplasta ononaria_, 101. _Plate_ 38 _Apocheima hispidaria_, 296. _Plates_ 124, 126 Argent and Sable, 201. _Plates_ 79, 82 Ash Pug, 247. _Plate_ 98 _Aspilates gilvaria_, 330, _Plate_ 144; _ochrearia_, 331, _Plates_ 142, 144; _strigillaria_, 332, _Plate_ 144 _Asthena blomeri_, 222, _Plates_ 90, 91; _candidata_, 220, _Plates_ 90, 91; _luteata_, 220, Plate 91; _testaceata_, 221, _Plate_ 91 _Atethmia xerampelina_, 10, _Plate_ 4 August Thorn, 271. _Plates_ 109, 111, 113 Autumnal Moth, 189. _Plate_ 78 Autumn Green Carpet, 174. _Plate_ 68

_Bankia argentula_, 57. _Plate_ 21 _Bapta bimaculata_, 265, _Plate_ 107; _pictaria_, 264, _Plate_ 107; _temerata_, 266, _Plate_ 107 Barberry Carpet, 218. _Plate_ 88 Barred Carpet, 211. _Plate_ 85 Barred Red, 269. _Plates_ 106, 108 Barred Rivulet, 208. _Plate_ 83 Barred Sallow, 18. _Plate_ 10 Barred Straw, 168. _Plate_ 65 Barred Tooth-striped, 152. _Plates_ 57, 59 Barred Umber, 268. _Plates_ 106, 108 Barred Yellow, 169. _Plates_ 65, 69 Beaded Chestnut, 16. _Plates_ 5, 9 Beautiful Carpet, 202. _Plates_ 76, 82 Beautiful Golden Y, 70. _Plate_ 24 Beautiful Hook-tip, 85. _Plate_ 36 Beautiful Snout, 92. _Plates_ 35, 37 Beautiful Yellow Underwing, 44. _Plates_ 17, 20 Beech-green Carpet, 184. _Plates_ 73, 75 Belted Beauty, 298. _Plates_ 124, 126 Bilberry Pug, 253. _Plate_ 100 Birch Mocha, 139. _Plates_ 51, 53 Black Mountain Moth, 321. _Plate_ 139 Blackneck, 83. _Plate_ 32 Black-veined Moth, 330. _Plate_ 144 Bleached Pug, 230. _Plate_ 95 Blomer's Rivulet, 222. _Plates_ 90, 91 Blood-vein, 134. _Plate_ 50 Blotched Emerald, 104. _Plates_ 41, 43 Bloxworth Snout, 93. _Plate_ 36 Blue-bordered Carpet, 204. _Plate_ 82 _Boarmia abietaria_, 306, _Plates_ 132, 138; _cinctaria_, 304, _Plate_ 130; _consortaria_, 309, _Plate_ 135; _gemmaria_, 305, _Plates_ 130, 131; _repandata_, 307, _Plates_ 131, 132, 134; _roboraria_, 308, _Plate_ 135 Boarmiinae, 259 _Bomolocha fontis_, 92. _Plates_ 35, 37 Bordered Beauty, 284. _Plates_ 119, 121 Bordered Grey, 325. _Plates_ 142, 143 Bordered Pug, 240. _Plates_ 92, 97 Bordered Sallow, 47. _Plates_ 17, 20 Bordered Straw, 50. _Plates_ 19, 20 Bordered White, 325. _Plates_ 140, 141 Brephidae, 97 _Brephos notha_, 98, _Plates_ 38, 39; _parthenias_, 97, _Plates_ 38, 39 Brick, 14. _Plates_ 5, 7 Bright Wave, 132. _Plate_ 50 Brimstone, 283. _Plate_ 117 Brindled Beauty, 299. _Plates_ 1, 124, 128 Brindled Pug, 248. _Plate_ 99 Brindled White-spot, 314. _Plate_ 137 Broad-bordered White Underwing, 45. _Plate_ 17 Broken-barred Carpet, 169. _Plates_ 61, 65 Broom-tip, 151. _Plates_ 56, 57 Brown Scallop, 161. _Plate_ 60 Brown Silver-line, 327. _Plate_ 143 Brown-spot Pinion, 16. _Plate_ 9 Brussels Lace, 310. _Plates_ 133, 136 Bupalus piniaria, 325. _Plates_ 140, 141 Burnet Companion, 76. _Plate_ 26 Burnets, 333 Burnished Brass, 65. _Plate_ 22 Buttoned Snout, 94. _Plates_ 35, 37

_Cabera exanthemata_, 267, _Plate_ 107; _pusaria_, 266, _Plates_ 105, 107 _Calocampa exoleta_, 34, _Plate_ 14; _vetusta_, 35, _Plates_ 8, 14 _Calymnia affinis_, 3, _Plate_ 2; _diffinis_,4, _Plates_ 2, 3; _pyralina_, 2, _Plates_2, 3; _trapezina_, 4, _Plate_ 2 Campanula Pug, 232. _Plate_ 95 _Camptogramma bilineata_, 212. _Plates_ 61, 84, 85 Canary-shouldered Thorn, 272. _Plates_ 110, 111 _Carsia paludata_, 150. _Plate_ 55 _Catephia alchymista_, 78. _Plate_ 29 _Catocala electa_, 79, _Plate_ 31; _fraxini_, 78, _Plate_ 29; _nupta_, 80, _Plates_ 31, 33; _promissa_, 82, _Plate_ 32; _sponsa_, 82, _Plates_ 32, 33 Centre-barred Sallow, 10. _Plate_ 4 Chalk Carpet, 145. _Plates_ 52, 54 Chamomile Shark, 40. _Plates_ 16, 18 _Cheimatobia boreata_, 157, _Plates_ 58, 59; _brumata_, 156, _Plate_ 58 _Chesias rufata_, 151, _Plates_ 56, 57; _spartiata_, 150, _Plates_ 56, 57 Chestnut-coloured Carpet, 176. _Plate_ 70 Chestnut Moth, 24. _Plate_ 11 Chevron, 165. _Plates_ 63, 67 _Chiasmia clathrata_, 328. _Plate_ 143 Chimney-sweeper, 147. _Plate_ 55 _Chloroclystis coronata_, 251, _Plate_ 100; _debiliata_, 253, _Plate_ 100; _rectangulata_, 251, _Plate_ 100 _Cidaria corylata_, 169, _Plates_ 61, 65; _fulvata_, 169, _Plates_ 65, 69; _immanata_, _Plates_ 66, 69; _miata_, 174, _Plate_ 68; _pyraliata_, 168, _Plate_ 65; _sagittata_, 172, _Plate_ 68; _siterata_, 173, _Plate_ 68; _truncata_, 170, _Plates_ 66, 69 _Cirrhia citrago_, 17. _Plate_ 10 _Cirrhoedia xerampelina_, 10. _Plate_ 4 Cistus Forester, 343. _Plate_ 147 Clay Fan-foot, 90. _Plates_ 34, 35 Clay Triple-lines, 137. _Plate_ 53 Clear Underwing, 351. _Plate_ 154 Clearwings, 350 _Cleora angularia_, 310, _Plate_ 134; _jubata_, 311, _Plates_ 133, 136; _lichenaria_, 310, _Plates_ 133, 136 Clifden Nonpareil, 78. _Plate_ 29 Cloaked Carpet, 200. _Plate_ 82 Cloaked Pug, 251. _Plate_ 99 Clouded Border, 262. _Plates_ 105, 107 Clouded Magpie, 259. _Plates_ 101, 103, 104 Clouded Silver, 266. _Plate_ 107 Cochlididae, 344 _Cochlidion limacodes_, 345. _Plates_ 149, 153 _Coenocalpe tersata_, 257, _Plate_ 102; _vitalbata_, 256, _Plate_ 102; _vittata_, 257, _Plate_ 102 _Collix sparsata_, 254. _Plate_ 102 Common Carpet, 197. _Plates_ 79, 81 Common Emerald, 107. _Plates_ 41, 43 Common Fan-foot, 91. _Plate_ 34 Common Heath, 324. _Plate_ 141 Common Marbled Carpet, 170. _Plates_ 66, 69 Common Pug, 334. _Plates_ 92, 97 Common Swift, 363. _Plates_ 158, 159 Common Wave, 267. _Plate_ 107 Common White Wave, 266. _Plates_ 105, 107 Conformist, 29. _Plates_ 8, 13 _Conistra_. See _Orrhodia_ _Coremia designata_, 183, _Plates_ 74, 75; _ferrugata_, 182, _Plate_ 72; _munitata_, 180, _Plate_ 72; _quadrifasciaria_, 179, _Plate_ 72; _unidentaria_, 181, _Plate_ 75 _Cosmia paleacea_, 5. _Plate_ 4 Cossidae, 347 _Cossus cossus_ (_ligniperda_), 347. _Plates_ 150, 151 _Craspedia_. See _Acidalia_. Cream Wave, 124. _Plate_ 49 _Crocallis elinguaria_, 280. _Plates_ 114, 116 _Cucullia abrotani_, 43, _Plate_ 16; _absinthii_, 42, _Plate_ 16; _artemisiae_, 43, _Plate_ 16; _asteris_, 30, _Plates_ 15, 18; _chamomillae_, 40, _Plates_ 16, 18; _gnaphalii_, 41, _Plate_ 13; _lychnitis_, 38, _Plates_ 15, 18; _scrophulariae_, 37, _Plate_ 15; _umbratica_, 40, _Plate_ 16; _verbasci_, 36, _Plates_ 15, 18 Cudweed Shark, 41. _Plate_ 13 Currant Clearwing, 354. _Plates_ 154, 156 Currant Pug, 230. _Plates_ 92, 95

Dark-barred Twin-spot Carpet, 181. _Plates_ 74, 75 Dark Bordered Beauty, 284. _Plates_ 119, 121 Dark Chestnut, 25. _Plate_ 11 Dark Crimson Underwing, 82. _Plates_ 32, 33 Dark Marbled Carpet, 171. _Plates_ 66, 69 Dark Spectacle, 73. _Plates_ 22, 27 Dark Spinach, 254. _Plate_ 102 Dark Umber, 162. _Plate_ 60 _Dasycampa rubiginea_, 26. _Plates_ 6, 11 Dentated Pug, 254. _Plate_ 102 _Dicycla oo_, 1. _Plate_ 2 Dingy Mocha, 139. _Plate_ 51, 53 Dingy Shears, 8. _Plates_ 3, 4 Dingy Shell, 219. _Plate_ 91 Dotted Border, 292. _Plates_ 120, 125 Dotted Border Wave, 113. _Plates_ 45, 61 Dotted Carpet, 311. _Plates_ 133, 136 Dotted Chestnut, 26. _Plates_ 6, 11 Dotted Fan-foot, 90. _Plate_ 35 Double Kidney, 9. _Plate_ 4 Double-striped Pug, 250. _Plate_ 99 Drab Looper, 146. _Plate_ 55 Dun-bar, 4. _Plate_ 2 Dusky-lemon Sallow, 21. _Plate_ 10 Dusky Thorn, 273. _Plates_ 110, 111 Dwarf Cream Wave, 114. _Plate_ 45 Dwarf Pug, 225. _Plate_ 93 _Dyschorista fissipuncta_, 8, _Plates_ 3, 4; _suspecta_, 7, _Plate_ 4

Early Grey, 33. _Plates_ 8, 12 Early Moth, 289. _Plate_ 120 Early Thorn, 274. _Plate_ 112 Early Tooth-striped, 153. _Plates_ 57, 59 Edinburgh Pug, 239. _Plate_ 96 _Eltopia prosapiaria_, 269. _Plates_ 106, 108 _Ematurga atomaria_, 324. _Plate_ 141 _Emmelia trabealis_, 62. _Plate_ 21 Engrailed, 312. _Plates_ 136, 138 _Ennomos alniaria_, 272, _Plates_ 110, 111; _autumnaria_, 270, _Plates_ 106, 109; _erosaria_, 273, _Plate_ 134; _fuscantaria_, 273, _Plates_ 110, 111; _quercinaria_, 271, _Plates_ 109, 111, 113 _Entephria caesiata_, 191. _Plate_ 80 _Ephyra annulata_, 138, _Plates_ 51, 53; _linearia_, 137, _Plate_ 53; _orbicularia_, 139, _Plates_ 51, 53; _pendularia_, 139, _Plates_ 51, 53; _porata_, 135, _Plate_ 53; _punctaria_, 136, _Plate_ 53 _Epione advenaria_, 285, _Plates_ 119, 121; _apiciaria_, 284, _Plates_ 119, 121; _parallelaria_, 284, _Plates_ 119, 121 _Epirrhoe_. See _Xanthorhoe_ _Epirrita_. See _Oporabia_ _Erastria argentula_, 57, _Plate_ 21; _fasciana_, 57, _Plate_ 21; _uncula_, 58, _Plate_ 21; _venustula_, 59, _Plates_ 21, 25 Essex Emerald, 105. _Plates_ 42, 43 _Euchloris pustulata_, 104, _Plates_ 41, 43; _smaragdaria_, 105, _Plates_ 42, 43 _Euchoeca obliterata_, 219. _Plate_ 91 _Euclidia glyphica_, 76, _Plate_ 26; _mi_, 75, _Plates_ 26, 30 _Eucosmia certata_, 159, _Plates_ 60, 62; _undulata_, 160, _Plates_ 60, 62 _Eucymatoge togata_, 251. _Plate_ 99 _Eudalimia margaritaria_, 270. _Plates_ 106, 108 _Eulype hastata_, 201. _Plates_ 79, 82 _Euphyia picata_, 200, _Plate_ 82; _unangulata_, 199, _Plate_ 82 _Eupithecia abbreviata_, 248, _Plate_ 99; _absinthiata_, 231, _Plate_ 95; _albipunctata_, 234, _Plates_ 92, 97; _assimilata_, 230, _Plates_ 92, 95; _castigata_, 237, _Plates_ 92, 97; _denotata_, 232, _Plate_ 95; _distinctaria_, 229, _Plate_ 95; _dodoneata_, 248, _Plate_ 99; _exiguata_, 248, _Plate_ 99; _expallidata_, 230, _Plate_ 95; _extensaria_, 238, _Plate_ 97; _fraxinata_, 247, _Plate_ 98; _goossensiata_, 231, _Plate_ 95; _haworthiata_, 242, _Plates_ 90, 98; _helveticaria_, 239. _Plate_ 96; _indigata_, 226, _Plate_ 96; _innotata_, 246, _Plate_ 98; _insigniata_, 226, _Plate_ 96; _inturbata_, 246, _Plate_ 98; _irriguata_, 225, _Plate_ 93; _jasioneata_, 233, _Plate_ 95; _lariciata_, 236, 97; _linariata_, 224, _Plate_ 93; _nanata_, 247, _Plate_ 99; _oblongata_, 222, _Plates_ 92, 93; _pimpinellata_, 228, _Plate_ 95; _plumbeolata_, 244, _Plate_ 98; _pulchellata_, 223, _Plate_ 93; _pumilata_, 250, _Plate_ 99; _pusillata_, 225, _Plate_ 93; _pygmaeata_, 244, _Plate_ 98; _satyrata_, 239, _Plate_ 96; _scabiosata_, 242, _Plate_ 97; _sobrinata_, 249, _Plate_ 99; _subfulvata_, 241, _Plate_ 97; _subnotata_, 237, _Plates_ 94, 97; _succenturiata_, 240, _Plates_ 92, 97; _tenuiata_, 245, _Plate_ 98; _trisignaria_, 236, _Plate_ 97; _valerianata_, 243, _Plate_ 98; _venosata_, 227, _Plates_ 92, 93; _virgaureata_, 235, _Plate_ 97; _vulgata_, 234, _Plates_ 92, 97 _Eupsilia satellitia_, 27. _Plate_ 12 _Eurymene dolabraria_, 282. _Plate_ 117 _Eustroma silaceata_, 162. _Plate_ 93

False Mocha, 135. _Plate_ 53 Fan-foot, 87. _Plates_ 34, 35 Feathered Thorn, 279. _Plates_ 114, 116 Fern-Moth, 257. _Plate_ 102 Festoon, 345. _Plates_ 149, 153 _Fidonia limbaria_, 323. _Plate_ 141; _carbonaria_, 322. _Plate_ 141 Fiery Clearwing, 359. _Plate_ 155 Five-spot Burnet, 339. _Plates_ 145, 146, 148 Flame Carpet, 183. _Plates_ 74, 75 Flame Moth, 218. _Plate_ 88 Flounced Rustic, 15. _Plate_ 9 Forester, 342. _Plates_ 145, 147 Four-spotted, 54. _Plates_ 19, 23 Foxglove Pug, 223. _Plate_ 93 Frosted Yellow, 323. _Plate_ 141

Galium Carpet, 195. _Plates_ 79, 81 Garden Carpet, 194. _Plates_ 61, 80 Gem, 258. _Plate_ 102 _Geometra papilionaria_, 102, _Plates_ 40, 42; _vernaria_, 103, _Plates_ 40, 44 Geometridae, 99 Geometrinae, 101 Ghost Moth, 360. _Plates_ 157, 159 _Gnophos obscurata_, 319, _Plates_ 139, 140; _myrtillata_, 320. _Plate_ 139 Goat Moth, 347. _Plates_ 150, 151 Golden Plusia, 64. _Plates_ 22, 27 Golden Rod Brindle, 32. _Plate_ 12 Golden-rod Pug, 235. _Plate_ 97 Gold Spangle, 67. _Plate_ 24 Gold Spot, 68. _Plate_ 24 Gold Swift, 363. _Plate_ 158 _Gonodontis bidentata_, 278. _Plates_ 114, 115 _Graptolitha furcifera_, 29, _Plates_ 8, 13; _lamda_, 30, _Plate_ 13; _ornithopus_, 31, _Plate_ 12 Grass Emerald, 101. _Plates_ 38, 41 Grass Rivulet, 209. _Plates_ 83, 84 Grass Wave, 332. _Plate_ 144 Great Oak Beauty, 308. _Plate_ 135 Green Carpet, 185. _Plate_ 75 Green Pug, 252. _Plate_ 61 Grey Birch, 316. _Plate_ 137 Grey Carpet, 148. _Plate_ 55 Grey Mountain Carpet, 191. _Plate_ 80 Grey Pine Carpet, 175. _Plates_ 70, 71 Grey Pug, 237. _Plates_ 92, 97 Grey Scalloped Bar, 329. _Plates_ 142, 144 Grey Shoulder-knot, 31. _Plate_ 12 _Gymnoscelis pumilata_, 250. _Plate_ 99