CHAPTER XVI

PARLIAMENTARY REPORTING

Of all the strangers who honour the Palace of Westminster with their presence none are treated with greater consideration than the reporters. This touching regard shown for the comfort of the Press is a flower of modern growth. It has blossomed forth within the last fifty years, watered by that love of publicity which is nowadays as common in St. Stephen's as elsewhere. Journalists are in the habit of complaining that the public no longer requires those full reports of parliamentary utterances which a few years ago were considered a very necessary part of the day's news. Short political sketches have taken the place of full verbatim reports, and very few papers give anything but a rough outline of the daily parliamentary proceedings. Politicians themselves, however, do not appear to share the general aversion to reading their speeches in print, and it is strange to contrast the warm welcome accorded by Parliament to modern journalism with the cold reception met with by reporters in the days of our ancestors.

In the Order Book of the House of Commons there still exists a Standing Order which, though long in disuse, has never been repealed, declaring it a gross breach of privilege to print or publish anything relating to the proceedings of either House. This is but a relic of those distant days when the perpetual conflicts between the Commons and the Crown made secrecy a necessity of debate.

In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries Parliament was anything but anxious that the result of its deliberations should be made public, except in such a form as it considered desirable. The Commons especially feared that information as to their intentions should reach the King's ears, and took every possible precaution to avert such a calamity. In this they were not altogether successful. During the debates on the proposed impeachment of the Duke of Buckingham, in 1626, members were very busy with their pencils. The King himself had as many as four or five amateur note-takers present to supply him with reports, and among the private members were many other unofficial reporters. Of these, perhaps, the most famous was Sir Symonds D'Ewes, the member for Sudbury, a lawyer with only one eye, devout, ambitious, conceited, and something of a snob.[439] Records were, to his way of thinking, the most ravishing and satisfying part of human knowledge. His historical researches had given him an acquaintance with precedents which was long the envy of his colleagues in Parliament. In 1629 he transcribed the Journals of both Houses from the original Journal books, adding comments of his own, and inserting various interesting speeches which he obtained from private manuscripts and diaries. When objections were raised to his incorrigible _cacoethes scribendi_, "If you will not permit us to write," he observed pathetically, "we must go to sleep, as some among us do, or go to plays, as others have done."[440] The contemplation of such tragic alternatives did not, however, shake the resolution of the Commons, and the practice of note-taking was put a stop to by a peremptory order of the House.

[439] "Next to religion," he says in his "Autobiography" (i. 309), "my chief aim is to enrich my posterity with good blood, knowing it to be the greatest honour that can betide a family, to be often linked with the female inheritrices of ancient stock."

[440] Forster's "Grand Remonstrance," p. 124 n.

Sir Symonds' peculiar knowledge of parliamentary precedents resulted in his perpetual interference with the procedure of the House. His frequent attempts to set the Speaker right upon various points of order at length irritated the Commons to the verge of madness, and it was with a sigh of relief that his colleagues bade him farewell when he reluctantly retired into private life to continue uninterrupted his antiquarian pursuits.

Rushworth, who was Assistant Clerk of the Commons at the time of the Long Parliament, proved almost as energetic a reporter as D'Ewes, and thereby repeatedly got himself into trouble. In 1642, he was forbidden to take any notes without the sanction of the House, and a Committee was appointed to look through his manuscripts and settle how much of them was worthy of preservation. The result of Rushworth's passion for reporting is the "Historical Collections," which Carlyle has called a "rag-fair of a book; the mournfullest torpedo rubbish-heap of jewels buried under sordid wreck and dust and dead ashes, one jewel to the waggon-load."[441] One of the undoubted gems from this dust-heap is a full account of the proceedings in Parliament on the famous occasion of Charles I.'s violent attempt to arrest the five members. This dramatic incident does not appear to have deprived Rushworth of his presence of mind. While the Commons sat openmouthed and aghast, the Assistant Clerk calmly continued to take notes of every word that fell from the royal lips. For this posterity owes him a debt of the deepest gratitude.

[441] Cromwell's "Letters and Speeches," vol. i. p. 79.

The right of Parliament to deliberate in secret was long jealously guarded, any breach of that privilege being punished with extreme severity. In 1641, an oration delivered by Lord Digby on the Bill for Strafford's attainder, and circulated on his own initiative, was ordered to be burnt by the common hangman. At the same time it was formally resolved that no member should publish any speech without the express permission of the House.

In the reign of Charles II. such men as Shaftesbury, Halifax, Hampden, and Hyde were not reported, though the first would occasionally issue his speeches in pamphlet form. Towards the middle of the seventeenth century, however, the House ordered utterances of exceptional importance to be printed. During the Long Parliament licensed reports appeared under the title of "Diurnal Occurrences of Parliament," and later on a meagre outline of the daily proceedings of Parliament began to be published. But when Locke, in 1675, printed a report of a House of Lords' debate, calling it "A letter from a Person of Quality to His Friend," it was ordered by the Privy Council to be burnt.

The Licensing Act of 1662 confined printing to London, York, Oxford, and Cambridge, and did not permit the number of master printers to exceed twenty. The Commons' refusal in 1695 to renew the censorship marks the commencement of the emancipation of the Press.

A system of newsletters had been started with the Restoration, whereby the outside world could learn something of the doings of Parliament. This no doubt whetted the public appetite, and increased the popular interest in political affairs. In 1694, however, it was resolved in Parliament that "no newsletter writers do in their letters or other papers that they disperse presume to intermeddle with the debates or any other proceedings of the House."

Newsletters were rapidly followed by regular newspapers, which supplied their readers with somewhat imaginative accounts of the debates. The periodicals of William III.'s day sometimes reported the speeches of particular speakers, who contributed their manuscripts to the papers. During the factious years that followed, the debates were officially distributed in monthly parts, but at the beginning of the eighteenth century the publication of newspaper reports was again declared a breach of parliamentary privilege, and a stamp duty was imposed with a view to arresting the circulation of the Opposition Press.

A regular party organ first appeared in Queen Anne's reign. This was "The Examiner," subsidised by Harley's Ministry, and conducted by Swift. It was answered by "The Whig Examiner," edited by Addison, which was followed by "Manwaring's Medley," a paper which soon became the recognised journal of the Opposition.[442] Towards the close of Anne's reign Boyer began to publish "The Political State of Great Britain" in which he included accounts of all the important parliamentary debates.[443] This was succeeded in 1716 by "The Historical Register," which purported to describe the proceedings in both Houses. In the reports of the Commons' debates the names of the speakers were published without concealment, but the Lords were treated more cautiously. Thus, in an account of the Septennial Bill, we find such sentences as, "a noble Duke stood up and said," or "this was answered by a northern peer," no further clue being given as to the identity of the several speakers.[444]

[442] Cook's "History of Party," vol. i. pp. 357, 582.

[443] May's "Constitutional History," vol. i. p. 422.

[444] Hawkins' "Life of Johnson," vol. xii.

"The Historical Register" was superseded twenty years later by the "Gentleman's Magazine," a monthly periodical founded by the bookseller Cave and edited by Guthrie. Cave used to obtain admission to the House of Commons for himself and a few friends, and would there take surreptitious notes of the proceedings. These he subsequently elaborated in some adjoining coffee-house, evolving lengthy and vivid descriptions of the debates from his inner consciousness. His editor was the first journalist to obtain access to the official parliamentary Journals. The Government had apparently by this time begun to regard the Press as a more or less necessary evil, and thought it worth while to pay Guthrie a small sum for his services, even providing him with a pension when he retired.

The parliamentary articles in the "Gentleman's Magazine" were published under the title of the "Senate of Lilliput," the real names of the various debaters being replaced by pseudonyms which deceived nobody.[445] This periodical is famous as being the medium through which Dr. Johnson originally published his political views. When he was first employed by Cave upon the staff of his paper Johnson was still struggling, not for fame, but for existence, and had no objection to any form of literary labour so long as it provided him with a means of livelihood. His original duties consisted in revising the rough notes made by Guthrie, but by 1740 he had become entirely responsible for the parliamentary articles, and five years later succeeded Guthrie in the editorial chair.

[445] For example: Sholming for Cholmondeley, Ptit for Pitt, and Gumdahm for Wyndham.

The reports of the proceedings were often written under great difficulties. Dr. Johnson would at times be compelled to invent the whole debate, depending solely upon his imagination, and being provided with nothing more inspiring than a list of the speakers and of the subjects under discussion. "I wrote that in a garret!" he is always supposed to have said of a much admired speech of Pitt's, and perhaps the oratorical fame of many a statesman of that day is due to Dr. Johnson's literary skill. His style was as a rule far too perfect to pass for that of an ordinary member of Parliament, and in his reports he is often accused of giving not so much what the speakers said as what they ought to have said. Nor was his pen an entirely impartial one, for he always took care, as he explained to Boswell, that the "Whig dogs" should not have the best of it in debate. Writing as he did, very hurriedly and from scanty materials, the compilation of parliamentary reports gave him little satisfaction. As soon as he found that his debates were thought to be genuine, he determined to cease their composition, and in the later years of his life often expressed regret at having been engaged in work of this kind.

The "London Magazine" was the next journal to publish debates, imitating the methods of the "Gentleman's Magazine," by pretending to report the proceedings of an imaginary Roman Senate, and alluding to the speakers by more or less appropriate Latin names.

In spite of these various efforts to establish the liberty of the Press, the attitude of Parliament long remained antagonistic. In 1728 a fresh resolution was passed in the House declaring it to be a breach of privilege for any one to print any account of the debates, and in the following year a printer of Gloucester was summoned to the bar of the Lords and severely reprimanded for publishing a report of their proceedings.[446] In 1738 Speaker Onslow brought up the subject of parliamentary reporting in the Commons, and a debate ensued. "If we do not put a speedy stop to this practice," said Winnington, "you will have the speeches of this House every day printed, even during your session, and we shall be looked upon as the most contemptible assembly on the face of the earth." Pelham, however, was inclined to deal lightly with the Press. "Let them alone," he said once, "they make better speeches for us than we can make for ourselves."[447] But it was a long time before this sensible view became general.

[446] Raikes's "Journal," vol. ii. p. 321.

[447] Coxe's Pelham Administration, vol. I. p. 355.

The struggle between Press and Parliament reached a climax in 1771, when Wilkes's paper, the "North Briton," was publishing the much discussed "Junius letters." Public opinion was by this time becoming gradually alive to the necessity for granting freedom to the Press, and needed but the opportunity to express itself openly upon the subject. The occasion had at length arrived. The Commons in this year were much incensed at the behaviour of some wretched City printers who had offended against the privileges of the House, and despatched the Sergeant-at-Arms to arrest them. After much difficulty two of the culprits were apprehended, but on being taken before the City Aldermen the latter at once ordered their release. When a messenger from the House of Commons attempted to arrest another printer, he was himself seized and carried before the civic authorities, charged with assault. The House was furious at this treatment of their officer, and committed the Lord Mayor and one of the offending aldermen--both members of Parliament--to the Tower.

The Press on this occasion found a worthy champion in Edmund Burke. On the 2nd of March, in a debate which lasted twenty-two hours, Burke effectually held his own, and so bullied and ridiculed the House that he brought the whole business to a standstill. By continually forcing divisions and making use of other obstructive tactics, he managed to delay the parliamentary attempt to muzzle the Press, and gained a great victory for the cause of freedom.

From being actively disliked the Reporters gradually grew to be tolerated, and finally courted and cultivated. Members who had formerly objected to the publication of their speeches soon began to complain with equal bitterness that they were not reported at all. Others, again, grumbled at being misreported, words being attributed to them for which they altogether declined to be responsible. Wedderburn, afterwards Lord Loughborough, complained, in 1771, that the reporting in the Commons was shocking. Of the report of one speech which he was supposed to have delivered he said that "to be sure, there are in that report a few things which I did say, but many things which I am glad I did not say, and some things which I wish I could have said."[448] Burke's famous sentiment that "Virtue does not depend on climates or degrees" was first printed as "on _climaxes_ and _trees_." When Sheridan made his great speech at the trial of Warren Hastings, the "Morning Chronicle" reported him as having said that "nothing equal in criminality was to be traced either in ancient or modern history, in the correct periods of Tacitus, or the luminous page of Gibbon."[449] The historian was delighted at being mentioned in so flattering a fashion; "I could not hear without emotion the personal compliment," he says in his autobiography. But when Sheridan was asked how he came to apply the epithet "luminous" to Gibbon, "I said Vo-luminous!" he replied shortly.[450]

[448] Campbell's "Lives of the Chancellors," vol. vi. p. 93.

[449] "Morning Chronicle," June 14, 1788.

[450] Samuel Rogers' "Recollections," p. 67.

Cobbett, too, suffered much from bad reporting, and when he ventured to find fault, the Press retaliated by ceasing to report him at all. Spring-Rice (afterwards Lord Monteagle) was punished in a similar fashion for two years, because he had said something deprecatory of journalism. Another member complained that his speeches had been published in the papers with certain of the sentences printed in italics. "I never spoke in italics in my life!" he exclaimed indignantly.

O'Connell in 1833 accused a reporter of wilfully perverting one of his speeches. By way of excuse the Pressman stated that on his way home from the House he had been caught in a shower of rain, which had washed out many of his notes. This explanation did not satisfy the Liberator, who justly remarked that it must surely have been an extraordinary shower which could not only wash out one speech, but actually wash in another![451] He was never a favourite of the Press, and they finally decided to discontinue the report of his speeches. As a means of revenge, he determined to prevent all newspaper reporting, and for some time succeeded in doing so. With this end in view, he made a practice of "espying strangers" on every opportunity, and each time he did so the galleries had to be cleared. The withdrawal of the reporters had a natural but most depressing effect upon the oratory of Parliament. "For the first time within my recollection," says Grant, "members kept their word when, on commencing their orations, they promised not to trespass at any length on the patience of the House."[452]

[451] O'Connell's "Recollections and Experiences," vol. i. p. 220.

[452] Grant's "Recollections," p. 48.

The "Diary," published in 1769, and edited by William Woodfall, was the first paper to give accounts of the parliamentary debates on the day after they had taken place. Woodfall had a marvellous memory, and would sit in the gallery or stand at the bar of either House for hours, without taking a note of any kind, and afterwards reproduce the speeches verbatim. He seemed not to require rest or refreshment, but occasionally fortified himself with a hard-boiled egg. His efforts were, however, spasmodic and irregular, and it was not until 1802, when William Cobbett started the "Weekly Political Register," which afterwards published the debates as supplements under the title of "Cobbett's Parliamentary Debates," that the system of providing regular reports of the proceedings was inaugurated. In 1809 the publication of the "Weekly Political Register" was transferred to T. C. Hansard, whose name has been so long and honourably connected with parliamentary reporting that it is still used colloquially to describe the official volumes.

For over fifty years Hansard carried on the publication of debates as a private speculation, by which time the Government had realised the useful nature of his labours, and assisted him by subscribing for a certain number of sets of the reports for public distribution. In 1877 a Treasury grant was made to enable him to continue the good work with greater fullness and facility, and twelve years later he sold his rights to a syndicate. This new venture proved anything but a financial success, and the publication of the "Parliamentary Debates," as they are now called, was then undertaken by the official Government printers, the reports being composed from notes furnished by the staff of the "Times."

It was not until 1909 that the present system was instituted, and both Houses, while leaving the printing of debates in the hands of the King's Printer, provided themselves with a regular staff of reporters, who were their own officials and unconnected with any company or newspaper.

Up to the time of the Fire, reporters in the Commons always sat in the back row of the Strangers' Gallery, to which they obtained admission by a sessional payment of three guineas. In 1831, the House of Lords provided separate accommodation for the Press, and in the temporary House which was constructed in 1834 a special gallery was reserved for their use.

The Press Gallery in the present House of Commons holds about sixty persons, and is situated exactly behind and above the Speaker's chair. Reporters of the newspapers in the Lords occupy a similar position, but as the acoustic properties of the Upper Chamber are notoriously bad, a special arrangement has existed for some years, whereby the official reporter of the "Parliamentary Debates" is given a seat on the floor of the House immediately behind the Clerks at the Table.

A hundred years ago the path of the Pressman was not so smooth as it is to-day. Up to 1840 the publication of debates was undertaken at the risk of the printer. In that year Hansard published the report of a Select Committee of the House of Commons, in which a certain book was referred to as "disgusting and obscene." Stockdale, the publisher of the book in question, took the matter into Court and obtained £600 damages for libel. The House retorted by summoning to the bar the Sheriffs of Middlesex who had tried the case, and reprimanded them for their contempt of its privileges. After this Lord John Russell took the first opportunity of introducing a Bill rendering all publication of speeches and documents, if by the authority of Parliament, matters of privilege not amenable to ordinary law. A member of Parliament cannot, however, claim privilege for publishing or circulating the report of any libellous speech made in the House, though he is, of course, protected there for anything he may say. The suggestion that privilege of Parliament should protect members from being proceeded against for writing and publishing libellous articles was discussed in November, 1763, and finally relinquished by a large majority.[453]

[453] Walpole's "Memoirs of the Reign of George III.," vol. i. p. 261.

The subject of reporting cannot be left without some mention of that official amateur reporter who sits upon the Treasury bench and prepares his nightly précis of the day's parliamentary proceedings. Amateur reporters there have always been in the Commons from the days of Sir Symonds D'Ewes and Sir Henry Cavendish[454] to the present time; but there is only one upon the floor of the House whose duties have ever been officially recognised.

[454] In the heyday of parliamentary corruption, when a critical division was impending, Sir Hercules Langrishe was asked whether Sir Henry Cavendish had as usual been taking notes. "He has been taking either notes or money," he replied, "I don't know which."

In accordance with a custom of many years standing the Leader of the House of Commons writes a nightly letter to the sovereign, whenever the House is sitting, giving a brief _résumé_ of the debates. This letter, often composed somewhat hastily during the course of an exciting debate, is at once sent off in an official dispatch box to His Majesty, and is subsequently filed in the library at Buckingham Palace.[455] The practice dates from the reign of George III., who required George Grenville, then Leader of the House of Commons, to provide him with daily reports of the debates relating to the contest between Parliament and John Wilkes.

[455] On one occasion, in the hurry of dispatching his nightly missive, Lord Randolph Churchill accidentally enclosed a quantity of tobacco in the box which he forwarded to Queen Victoria, much to Her Majesty's amusement.

The sovereign is not supposed to enter the Lower House--Charles I. was the only monarch who broke this rule--and thus, in days before debates were published at length in the papers, the Crown had no means of ascertaining the doings of the Commons save through the medium of this letter. The need for this one-sided nightly correspondence no longer exists, but the custom still prevails, and adds one more to the already multifarious duties of the Leader of the House, though nowadays it is occasionally delegated to some other Minister, or to one of the Whips.

To-day Press and Parliament are mutually dependent. A great newspaper proprietor who was recently asked which of the two he considered to be the most powerful, found some difficulty in replying. "The Press is the voice without which Parliament could not speak," he said. "On the other hand, Parliament is the law-making machine without which the Press could not act." The question of their relative power and importance must be left to the decision of individual judgment and taste. "Give me but the liberty of the Press," said Sheridan in 1810, in answer to the Premier, Spencer Perceval, "and I will give the Minister a venal House of Peers, I will give him a corrupt and servile House of Commons, I will give him the full swing of the patronage of office, I will give him the whole host of ministerial influences, I will give him all the power that place can confer upon him to purchase submission and overawe resistance; and yet, armed with the liberty of the Press, I will go forth to meet him undismayed; I will attack the mighty fabric he has reared with that mightier engine; I will shake down from its height corruption, and lay it beneath the ruins of the abuses it was meant to shelter!"[456]

[456] Hansard's "Debates," 1st series, vol. xv.

SOURCES AND REFERENCES

Adams, W. H. D., English Party Leaders and Parties. 1878.

Alison, Sir A., Life of Lord Castlereagh. 1861.

Anson, Sir W. R., Law and Custom of the Constitution. 1897.

Arcana Parliamentaria, or Precedents concerning Parliament, by R. C. of the Middle Temple, Esq. 1685.

Ashley, Hon. A. E., Life of Lord Palmerston. 1876.

Ashwell, A., Life of Bishop Samuel Wilberforce. 1880.

Atlay, J. B., The Victorian Chancellors. 1908.

Bacon, N., Historical Discourse of the Laws and Government of England. 1760.

Bagehot, W., Biographical Studies. 1881.

Bagehot, W., The English Constitution. 1872.

Bagehot, W., Literary Studies. 1879.

Barnes, T., Parliamentary Portraits. 1815.

Barrington, Sir J., Historic Memoirs of Ireland. 1833.

Barrington, Sir J., Personal Sketches of His Own Times. 1827.

Barrington, Sir J., The Rise and Fall of the Irish Nation. 1833.

Barrow, J. H., The Mirror of Parliament. 1828-41.

Barry, Rev. A., Life and Works of Sir Charles Barry. 1867.

Beaconsfield, Lord, Life of Lord George Bentinck. 1852.

Bell, J. B., Biographical Sketches. 1808.

Bell, R., Life of Canning. 1846.

Bentham, J., Works of. 1843.

Berkeley, Hon. G., My Life and Recollections. 1866.

Berry, Mary, Extracts of the Journals and Correspondence of (edited by Lady T. Lewis). 1865.

Black Book, The. 1820.

Blackie, J. S., Essays on Subjects of Moral and Social Interest. 1890.

Blackstone, Sir W., Commentaries (adapted by R. M. Kerr). 1844.

Blauvelt, M. T., The Development of Cabinet Government in England. 1902.

Boswell, J., Life of Dr. Johnson (Croker's Edition). 1847.

Bourke, Hon. R., Parliamentary Precedents. 1857.

Boyd, Mark, Reminiscences of Fifty Years. 1871.

Boyd, M., Social Gleanings. 1875.

Brayley, E. W., and Britton, J., History of the Ancient Palace and late Houses of Parliament. 1836.

Bright, John, Speeches (edited by J. Rogers). 1879.

Brougham, Lord, Life and Times of. 1871.

Brougham, Lord, Historical Sketches of Statesmen in the Time of George III. 1855.

Brown, Tom, Amusements. 1700.

Brydges, Sir E., Autobiography of. 1834.

Brydges, Sir E., Memories of the Peers of England. 1802.

Bucher, L., Der Parliamentarismus wie er ist. 1855.

Buckingham, Duke of, Memoirs of the Court of George IV. 1859.

Burke, E., Works and Correspondence. 1852.

Burke, E., Correspondence of. 1844.

Burke, P., Life of Edmund Burke. 1853.

Burnet, Bishop, History of His Own Time. 1833 and 1838.

Burton, T., Diary of. 1828.

Butler, C., Reminiscences. 1822.

Buxton, Sir T. F., Memoirs. 1848.

Byron, Lord, Letters of. 1886.

Campbell, Lord, Lives of the Chancellors. 1846-69.

Carlyle, T., Letters and Speeches of Cromwell. 1845.

Castlereagh, Lord, Memoirs and Correspondence. 1848-53.

Charlemont, Lord, Memoirs (edited by F. Hardy). 1812.

Charley, Sir W. T., The Crusade against the Constitution. 1895.

Chesterfield, Lord, Letters. 1892.

Chesterfield, Lord, Letters to His Son. 1901.

Christie, W. D., Life of Lord Shaftesbury. 1891.

Churchill, Rt.-Hon. W. S., Lord Randolph Churchill. 1907.

Clarendon, Lord, History of the Rebellion. 1826.

Clarendon, Lord, Life of. 1827.

Cobbett, W., Parliamentary History.

Cobbett, W., Annual and Weekly Registers.

Cobden, R., Speeches. 1870.

Cobden, R., Letters (edited by Sir E. W. Watkin). 1891.

Cockburn, Lord, Life of Jeffrey. 1852.

Coke, Sir E., The Fourth Part of the Institutes of the Laws of England. 1648.

Colchester, Lord, Diary and Correspondence. 1861.

Collective Wisdom, The: Sights in St. Stephen's. 1824.

Cooke, G. W., History of Party. 1836.

Cooke, E. W. R., Four Years in Parliament with Hard Labour. 1890.

Cornwallis, Lord, Correspondence. 1859.

Courtney, J., Characteristic Studies of Distinguished Speakers. 1808.

Courtney, L., The Working Constitution of the United Kingdom. 1901.

Coxe, Archdeacon W., Memoirs of Lord Walpole. 1820

Coxe, W., Memoirs of Sir Robert Walpole. 1798.

Coxe, W., The Pelham Administration. 1829.

Cracroft, B., Essays, Political and Miscellaneous. 1868.

Creasy, Sir E. S., Rise and Progress of the English Constitution. 1853-62.

Croker, Rt. Hon. J. W., The Croker Papers. 1884.

Curran, J. P., Sketches of the Irish Bar. 1855.

Dalling, Lord, Historical Characters. 1868.

Dalling, Lord, Life of Palmerston. 1874.

D'Arblay, Madame, Diary and Letters. 1846.

Daunt, W., Recollections of Daniel O'Connell. 1848.

Delany, Mrs., Autobiography. 1861.

Denison, J. E., Notes from my Journal when Speaker of the House of Commons. 1900.

D'Ewes, Sir S., Autobiography and Correspondence. 1845.

D'Ewes, Sir S., The Journal of all the Parliament during the Reign of Queen Elizabeth. 1682.

Disraeli, B., The Letters of Runnymede. 1836.

D'Israeli, I., Curiosities of Literature. 1858.

D'Israeli, I., Commentary on the Life and Death of Charles I. 1851.

Diurnall Occurrences, or Daily Proceedings of this Great and Happy Parliament. 1641.

Dodington, G. B., Diary. 1828.

Doyle, Sir F., Reminiscences. 1886.

Duncombe, T. H., Life of T. S. Duncombe. 1868.

Dundonald, Lord, Autobiography. 1860.

Edgeworth, M., Life and Letters. 1894.

Edgeworth, R. L., Memoirs. 1844.

Eldon, Lord, Life of Lord Chancellor Eldon. 1827.

Eldon, Lord, Life of (edited by H. Twiss). 1844.

Elections, Determination of the House of Commons concerning. 1753.

Ellesmere, Lord, Observations concerning the Office of Lord Chancellor. 1651.

Ellis, C. T., Practical Remarks and Precedents of Proceedings in Parliament. 1802.

Elsynge, H. E., Ancient Method and Manner of Holding Parliaments. 1778.

Elsynge, H. E., Notes of the Debates in the House of Lords (Camden Society). 1870-79.

Emerson, R. W., English Traits. 1856.

Escott, T. H. S., Gentlemen of the House of Commons. 1902.

Evelyn, John, Diary. 1852.

Ewald, A. C., Biography of Walpole. 1878.

First Dialogue between a Doctor of Divinity and a Student in the Laws of England, The. 1539.

Francis, G. H., Orators of the Age. 1847.

Francis, Sir P., Memoirs. 1867.

Franqueville, F. de, Le Gouvernement et le Parlement britanniques. 1887.

Freeman, E. A., Growth of the English Constitution. 1872.

Freeman, E. A., Historical Essays. 1892.

Forster, J., The Debates on the Grand Remonstrance. 1860.

Forster, J., The Arrest of the Five Members by Charles I. 1860.

Forster, J., Sir John Eliot. 1864.

Forster, J., Historical and Biographical Essays. 1858.

Forster, J., Statesmen of the Commonwealth. 1840.

Fox, C. J., History of the Political Life and Public Services of. 1782.

Fuller, T., The Sovereign's Prerogative and the Subject's Privilege. 1680.

Gardiner, S. R., Debates in the House of Commons in 1625 (Camden Society). 1873.

Gibbon, E., Autobiographies. 1896.

Gladstone, Rt.-Hon. W. E., Gleanings of Past Years. 1879.

Gleig, G. R., Life of Wellington. 1860.

Gneist, R., History of the English Constitution. 1886.

Grafton, R., Chronicles of England. 1809.

Grant, J., Random Recollections of the House of Commons. 1836.

Grant, J., The British Senate. 1838.

Grant, J., Random Recollections of the House of Lords. 1836.

Granville, Lady, Letters (edited by Hon. F. L. Gower). 1894.

Grattan, H., Life and Times. 1839-46.

Grenville Papers, The. 1852.

Greville Memoirs, The. 1888.

Grey, A., Debates in the House of Commons from 1667 to 1694.

Grey, C., Life and Opinions of Lord Grey. 1861.

Grey, Lord, Parliamentary Government. 1864.

Griffith-Boscawen, A. S. T., Fourteen Years in Parliament. 1907.

Guizot, F. P. G., Memoirs of Peel. 1856.

Guizot, F. P. G., Embassy to the Court of St. James's. 1862.

Gurdon, T., History of Parliament. 1731.

Hale, Lord Chief Justice, The Jurisdiction of the Lords' House of Parliament. 1796.

Hales, Judge, The Original Institution, Power and Jurisdiction of Parliaments. 1707.

Hallam, H., Constitutional History. 1854.

Halliwell, J. O., Autobiography and Correspondence of Sir Symonds D'Ewes. 1845.

Hamilton, W. G., Parliamentary Logick. 1808.

Hansard, T. C, Parliamentary Debates.

Hardwicke, Lord, The Hardwicke Papers. 1778.

Hardy, Sir T. D., Modus Tenendi Parliamentum. 1846.

Harford, J. S., Recollections of William Wilberforce. 1864.

Harris, G., Life of Lord Chancellor Hardwicke. 1847.

Hawkins, J. W., and Smith, J. T., Antiquities of the City of Westminster. 1807-9.

Hawkins, Sir J., The Works and Life of Samuel Johnson. 1787.

Hawkins, L. M., Memoirs, Anecdotes, Facts, and Opinions. 1824.

Hawkins, L. M., Biographical Sketches. 1822.

Hayward, A., Biographical and Critical Essays. 1874.

Hayward, A., Correspondence (edited by H. E. Carlisle). 1886.

Hervey, Lord, Memoirs of George II. 1848.

Hitchman, F., Public Life of Lord Beaconsfield. 1879.

Hoey, J. C., Speeches of Lord Plunket. 1863.

Holcroft, T., Memoirs. 1852.

Holland, Lord, Memoirs of the Whig Party. 1852-54.

Homer, F. H., Memoirs and Correspondence. 1843.

House of Lords, History and Proceedings of. 1660-1742.

Huish, R., Memoirs of O'Connell. 1836.

Hume, D., History of England. 1854-55.

Hutton, R. H., Studies in Parliament. 1866.

Ilbert, Sir C., Legislative Methods and Forms. 1901.

Irving, J., Annals of Our Time. 1871-89.

Jennings, G., Anecdotal History of the English Parliament 1899.

Jesse, J. H., George Selwyn and His Contemporaries. 1843-44.

Johnson, S., Debates in Parliament. 1787.

King, E., An Essay on the English Constitution. 1767.

King, Dr. W., Anecdotes of His Own Time. 1819.

Knight, C., London. 1842.

Lecky, W. E. H., Leaders of Public Opinion in Ireland. 1903.

Le Marchant, Sir D., Memoirs of Viscount Althorp. 1876.

Lewis, Sir G. C., Essay on the Influence of Authority in Matters of Opinion. 1859.

Lister, T. H., Life and Administration of Clarendon. 1838.

Low, S., The Governance of England. 1904.

Lowell, A. L., Governments and Parties in Continental Europe. 1896.

Lucy, Sir H. W., Memories of Eight Parliaments. 1908.

Luttrell, N., A Brief Relation of State Affairs from 1678 to 1714. 1837.

Lytton, Lord, St. Stephen's and the New Timon. 1860.

Lytton, Lord, Speeches, etc. 1874.

Macaulay, T. B., Essays. 1860.

Macaulay, T. B., History of England. 1852-61.

MacCullagh, W. T., Memoirs of Richard L. Sheil. 1855.

MacDonagh, M., The Book of Parliament. 1897.

MacDonagh, M., Parliament: its Romance, its Comedy, its Pathos. 1902.

McCarthy, J. H., History of Our Own Times.

McGee, T., O'Connell and His Friends. 1845.

Mackintosh, Sir J., Memories of the Life of. 1836.

Maddyn, D. O., Chiefs of Parties. 1859.

Malmesbury, Lord, The Malmesbury Correspondence. 1870.

Malmesbury, Lord, Memoirs of an Ex-Minister. 1884.

Malmesbury, Lord, Political Diaries and Correspondence. 1844.

Martin, Sir T., Life of the Prince Consort. 1875-80.

Martin, Sir T., Life of Lord Lyndhurst. 1884.

Martineau, H., Biographical Studies. 1869.

Martineau, H., History of the Peace. 1877.

Marvell, A., Works. 1875.

Marvell, A., Flagellum Parliamentarium. 1827.

Massey, W. N., History of England during the Reign of George III. 1855.

Maty, M., Memoirs of Lord Chesterfield. 1777.

May, Sir T. E., Constitutional History. 1866.

May, Sir T. E., Law, Privileges, Proceedings, and Usages of Parliament, 1844-96.

May, T., History of the Long Parliament. 1812.

May, T., A Breviary of the History of the Parliament of England. 1680.

Men and Manners in Parliament, By the Member for the Chiltern Hundreds. 1874.

Mill, J. S., Representative Government. 1861.

Mirabeau, H. de, "Réglements observés dans la Chambre des Communes pour débattre les matières et pour voter." 1789.

Molesworth, W. N., History of the Reform Bill. 1865.

Montesquieu, Works of. 1777.

Moore, T., Life of Byron. 1838.

Moore, T., Life of Sheridan. 1825.

Moore, T., Memoirs. 1856.

Moritz, C. P., Travels (edited by J. Pinkerton). 1808.

Morley, Rt.-Hon. J., Walpole. 1889.

Morley, Rt.-Hon. J., Burke. 1902.

Morley, Rt.-Hon. J., Life of Gladstone. 1903.

Mountmorres, Lord, The History of the Irish Parliament (1634-66). 1792.

Mowbray, Sir John, Seventy Years at Westminster. 1900.

Mozley, Rev. T., Reminiscences. 1882-85.

Napier, Macvey, Correspondence of. 1879.

Naunton, Sir R., Fragmenta Regalia. 1870.

Nicolas, Sir Nicolas Harris, Proceedings of the Privy Council of England. 1834.

Noorthouck, J., A New History of London. 1763.

North, Lord, A Narrative of Some Passages relating to the Long Parliament. 1670.

North, Lord, Correspondence with George III. 1867.

North, R., Lives of the Norths. 1826.

Northcote, Sir J., Notebook. 1877.

Observations, Rules, and Orders collected out of Divers Journals of the House of Commons. 1717.

O'Connell, John, Recollections and Experiences. 1849.

O'Connor, T. P., Gladstone's House of Commons. 1885.

O'Flanagan, J. R., Annals, Anecdotes, Traits, and Traditions of the Irish Parliaments. 1879.

O'Flanagan, J. R., Lives of the Irish Chancellors. 1870.

Oldfield, T. H. B., History of the House of Commons. 1816.

Oldfield, T. H. B., Representative History of Great Britain and Ireland. 1816.

Onslow, Rt.-Hon. A., The Onslow Papers (History MSS. Commission, vol. xiv. app. ix.). 1895.

Orders, Proceedings, Punishments, and Privileges of the Commons House in England. 1641. Harleian Miscellany, vol. v. p. 258.

Ostrogorski, M., Democracy and its Organisation of Political Parties. 1902.

Palgrave, Sir R. F. D., The House of Commons. 1869 and 1878.

Palgrave, Sir R. F. D., The Chairman's Handbook. 1883.

Palgrave, Sir R. F. D., Lectures on the House of Commons. 1869.

Paris, M., English History. 1854.

Parry, C. H., The Parliaments of England. 1839.

Paston Letters, The. 1896.

Pearson, J., Political Dictionary. 1793.

Peel, Sir R., Memoirs. 1856.

Peel, Sir R., Opinions. 1850.

Pellew, Dean, Life of Sidmouth. 1847.

Pemberton, T., Letter to Lord Langdale on the recent proceedings in the House of Commons on the subject of Privilege. 1837.

Pepys, S., Diary. 1848-49.

Petyt, G., Lex Parliamentaria. 1690.

Petyt, W., Miscellanea Parliamentaria. 1680.

Petyt, W., Jus Parliamentarium. 1739.

Phillips, C., Curran and His Contemporaries. 1850.

Pike, L. O., Constitutional History of the House of Lords. 1894.

Pope, A., Works of. 1882.

Porritt, E., The Unreformed House of Commons. 1903.

Prior, Sir J., Life of Burke. 1826.

Prior, Sir J., Life of Malone. 1860.

Privilege and Practice of Parliaments in England, The. 1680.

Pryme, G., Autobiographic Recollections. 1870.

Prynne, W., A Brief Register of Parliamentary Writs. 1664.

Prynne, W., Opening of the Great Seale of England. 1643.

Raikes, T., Journal. 1858.

Raikes, T., Popular Sketch of the Origin and Development of the English Constitution. 1851.

Ralph, T., The Use and Abuse of Parliaments. 1744.

Redlich, J., The Procedure of the House of Commons. 1908.

Reports from the Select Committees on Parliamentary Debates, on Parliamentary Reporting, on the Admission of Strangers, on the Houses of Parliament, on the Office of Speaker, and on the Establishment of the House of Commons. 1907, 1879, 1888, 1837, 1853, 1833.

Reresby, Sir J., Memoirs. 1875.

Ritchie, J. E., Modern Statesmen. 1861.

Robinson, Sir H. C., Diary, Reminiscences, and Correspondence. 1869.

Roebuck, J. A., History of the Whig Ministry of 1830. 1852.

Rogers, J. E. T., Protests of the Lords. 1875.

Rogers, Samuel, Recollections of the Table Talk of. 1859.

Rolliad, The. 1812.

Romilly, Sir S., Memoirs and Correspondence. 1841.

Roper, W., Life of Sir Thomas More. 1822.

Roscoe, H., Eminent British Lawyers. 1830.

Rose, Right Hon. G., Diaries and Correspondence. 1860.

Rose, G., Observations Respecting the Public Expenditure and Influence of the Crown. 1810.

Rosebery, Lord, Pitt. 1891.

Rushworth, J., Historical Collections. 1618-48.

Russell, G. W. E., Memoir of Gladstone. 1891.

Russell, G. W. E., Sir Wilfrid Lawson. 1909.

Russell, Lord, Recollections. 1875.

Russell, Lord, Life of Charles James Fox. 1866.

Russell, Lord John, Essays and Sketches of Life and Character. 1820.

Russell, Lord John, Essay on the History of the English Government and Constitution from the Reign of Henry VII. 1865.

Sarcastic Notices of the Long Parliament. 1863.

Scobell, H., Rules and Customs of the House. 1692.

Scobell, H., Proceedings in the House of Lords. 1657.

Selden, J., Discourse touching the Office of the Lord Chancellors of England. 1811.

Selden, J., Table Talk. 1854.

Seward, W., Anecdotes of Some Distinguished Persons. 1798.

Seward, W., Biographiana. 1799.

Sheil, R. L., Sketches of the Irish Bar. 1854-56.

Sheil, R. L., Sketches, Legal and Political. 1855.

Sherbrooke, Lord, Speeches on Reform. 1867.

Sheridan, T., Discourse on the Rise and Power of Parliaments. 1870.

Sheridan, T., Some Revelations in Irish History. 1870.

Sheridan, R. B. B., Speeches. 1847.

Sidney, A., Discourses concerning Government. 1750.

Sidney, A., Of the Use and Abuse of Parliaments. 1744.

Sinclair, Sir J., Correspondence. 1831.

Sketches Personal and Political in the House of Commons (By a Silent Member). 1871.

Smith, J. C., and Wallace, W., Life of Robert Wallace. 1903.

Smith, P., and Wright, A., Parliament Past and Present.

Smith, G. B., History of the English Parliament. 1892.

Smith, J. T., and Hawkins, J. S., Antiquities of the City of Westminster. 1807-9.

Smith, Rev. S., Works. 1850.

Somers, Lord, The Manner of Holding Parliaments Prior to the Reign of Queen Elizabeth. (The Somers Tracts.)

Southey, R., Life of Cromwell. 1844.

Spalding, T. A., The House of Lords. 1894.

Stanhope, Lord, Life of Pitt. 1862.

Stapleton, E. G., Canning and His Times. 1831.

Stow, J., A Survey of London. 1842.

Surtees, W. E., The Lives of Lords Stowell and Eldon. 1846.

Taylor, H., Origin and Growth of the English Constitution. 1889.

Temple, Sir R., Life in Parliament, 1886-92. 1893.

Temple, Sir R., The House of Commons. 1899.

Timbs, J., Anecdote Biography. 1860.

Timbs, J., A Century of Anecdote. 1864.

Timbs, J., London and Westminster. 1868.

Timbs, J., Curiosities of London. 1855.

Todd, A., Parliamentary Government in England. 1869.

Torrens, W. McC., Life of Sir James Graham. 1863.

Torrens, W. McC., Life of Lord Melbourne. 1878.

Torrens, W. McC., Reform of Procedure in Parliament. 1882.

Torrens, W. McC., Twenty Years in Parliament. 1893.

Townsend, W. C., History of the House of Commons, 1688-1832. 1844.

Townshend, H., Historical Collections of the Last Four Parliaments of Queen Elizabeth. 1680.

Trevelyan, G. O., Life of Macaulay. 1877.

Voltaire, A. de, Works. 1885.

Walcott, Rev. M., Memorials of Westminster. 1851.

Waldegrave, Lord, Memoirs. 1821.

Wallace, W., and Smith, J. C., Life of Robert Wallace. 1903.

Walpole, H., Letters (edited by P. Cunningham). 1858.

Walpole, H., Letters of Sir H. Mann. 1833.

Walpole, H., Memoirs of the Reign of George III. 1894.

Walpole, H., Letters (edited by Mrs. P. Toynbee). 1904.

"Walpoliana." 1799.

Walpole, S., History of England. 1878-86.

Warburton, E., Memoirs of Horace Walpole. 1851.

Warwick, Sir P., Memoirs of the Reign of Charles I. 1701.

White, W., The Inner Life of the House of Commons (edited by J. H. McCarthy). 1904.

Whitelocke, B., Memorials. 1732.

Whitty, E. M., Friends of Bohemia or Phases of London Life. 1857.

Whitty, E. M, History of the Session of 1852-53. 1854.

Whitty, E. M., Political Portraits. 1854.

Wilberforce, W., Life of. 1839.

Wilkins, W. W., Political Ballads. 1860.

Wilkinson, K., The Personal Story of the Upper House. 1905.

Wills, S. R., Life of Lord Eldon. 1869.

Willis, B., Notitia Parliamentaria. 1716.

Wood, A., Athenae Oxonienses. 1820.

Wraxall, Sir N., Memoirs. 1884.

Wright, A., and Smith, P., Parliament Past and Present.

Young, A., Autobiography (edited by M. Betham-Edwards). 1898.

INDEX

Abbott, Speaker, 124, 128, 133, 134, 194, 252-53

Abercrombie, 142

Aberdeen, Lord, 86, 239

Abjuration, Oath of, 146, 147

Adam, duel, 200, 201

Addington, 96 _note^1_, 124, 133, 134, 234, 258

Addison, his first speech, 212 _and note^2_; _cited_, 269; the "Spectator," 269; "The Whig Examiner," 278

Address, the, debate on, 157

Adelaide, Queen, 247

Adelphi, the, 148

Admiralty, Pitt and the, 93

Affirmation, 56; the Bradlaugh incident, 147-151

Albemarle, Duke of, _see_ Torrington, Lord

Alexander, Emperor, saying of, _quoted_, 32 _note^2_

Alfred, Prince, 97

Alfred the Great, councils of, 81

Alice's coffee house, 76

Aliens Bill, 1792 ... , 148 _note^1_

Aliens, disabilities, 55

All-night sittings, 228

"All the Talents," 85, 133

Allegiance, Oath of, 146

Almack's, 193

Althorp, Lord, the fire at St. Stephen's, 71, 72; punishment, 188 _note^1_

Alvanley, Lord, 164 _and note^1_; duel, 200

American War, the, 12; employment of Indians in, 204

Amersham market, 59 _note^1_

Ancaster, family of, 62 _note^1_

Anne, Queen, Parliaments, 9; Parties, 14; creation of peers, 33 _note^2_; Cabinets, 83, 86; death of, 234; bills quashed, 248; women partisans, 269; reporting in Parliament, 278, 279

Appeal, Court of, 110

Appeal, Lords of, 24, 25

Appellate Jurisdiction, Act of 1876 ... , 25

Apsley, Sir Allen, 192

Arcot, Nabob of, 41

Argyle, Duke of, 95 _note^1_

Arrest, exemption from, 174

Arthur's, 193

Arundel, Earl of, trial, 63

Ascension Day, 227

Ascot, 258

Ash Wednesday, 227

Ashby, case of, 182

Ashley, Lord, _See_ Shaftesbury

Ashtown, Lord, 24 _note^2_

Askew, Anne, 107 _note^3_

Atheists and the oath, 147

Atterbury, Bishop of Rochester, his reply to Lord Coningsby, 23, 24

Auditor General, 232

Audley, Thomas, Lord Keeper, 106

_Aula Regis_, the, 107

Aylesbury, constables of, 182

Bacon, Francis, trial, 63, 107, 108; "Collection of Apothegms," 114 _and note^2_; _quoted_ 158; _mentioned_, 106, 205

Bacon, Nathaniel, "Historical Discourses," 8

Bacon, Nicholas, 106

Bagehot, Walter, _quoted_, 83, 95, 114, 222 _note^1_

Balaam, reference to, 23, 24, 24 _note^1_

Baldwin, printer of "St. James's Chronicle," 178

Balfour, Rt. Hon. A. J., 168; opinion of a member of Parliament's position, 51; premiership, 90

Bankrupts, election of, 55, 56

Barnes, on lawyers, _quoted_, 210 _note^3_

Baronage, the, composition and antiquity of, 21, 22

Barons in Council, 4; summoned by Henry II., 64

Barré, Colonel, 31, 94, 199

Barry, Sir Charles, design for Houses of Parliament, 72, 73, 73 _note^1_

Bathurst, Bragge, 258 _note^1_

Beckett, St. Thomas à, 104

Beefeaters, the, duties, 135, 136

Bellamy, John, 78

Bellamy's kitchen, 76-80

Bellingham, merchant, 266

"Benefit of Clergy," 173, 174

Benson, sale of "protections," 175

Bentham, Jeremy, _quoted_, 268

Berkeley, Grantley, 272, 273

Berkshire, Earl of, 191

Bidmead, 177

Big Ben, 73 _and note^2_

Biggar, 164; saying of, _quoted_, 50; speeches, 207; "spying strangers," 264, 265

Billingsgate, 164

Bills, classification, 242; introduction of the bill, 243, 244; 1st and 2nd reading, 244; Committee stage, 244, 245; Report stage and 3rd reading, 245; reception in the Lords, 246; Royal assent, 246 _and note^3_, 247

Birch, Colonel, 111 _note^1_

Bishops, attendance on the Kings, 20; introduction to the House of Lords, 151

"Black Book" of Edward III., 3

Blackfriars, Priory Church, 67

Black Rod, duties, 75, 137, 140, 143, 151, 153, 154, 211, 212, 247; salary, 136, 137

Blackstone, _quoted_, 39, 109

Bodmin, 49 _note^2_

Bolingbroke, on the creation of peers, 33 _note^2_; on leaders, 92; style, 203; on eloquence, 214 _note^2_

Bolton, Duke of, 84, 85

Boneham, 59

Boswell, 280; "Dr. Johnson," 158 _note^1_

Bothmar, 87

Bourchier, Sir Robert, 104

Bowring, Sir John, and the Khedive, 166, 167

Boyer, "The Political State of Great Britain," 279

Bradlaugh, the affirmation incident, 147-151; "The Impeachment of the House of Brunswick," 148; committed to the Clock Tower, 188; _mentioned_, 59

Brand, Speaker, 134, 163, 171, 187

Bribery, devices of the Stuarts, 6-9; retaining fees to Scottish members, 9; prices of posts, 9, 10; prices of seats, 10-12; corruption of the treasury, 12; effort to destroy, 12, 13

Bright, John, Dr. Kenealy and, 152; sayings of, 167, 168, 170, 209; speeches, 212, 219

Bristol, Bishop of, punishment, 180, 181

Bristol, Burke's speech in, 47-49, 48 _note^1_

British Museum, trusteeship, 132

British Parliament, the, 2

Brodricke, Sir Allen, 192

Brougham, Lord, sayings of, _quoted_, 103, 265; Chancellor, 110 _note^1_; character, 113, 115; defence of Queen Caroline, 115 _and note^1_; unpopularity, 115, 116; returning the seal, 116; and Wellington, 116 _note^1_; and the old seal, 118; speeches, 148 _note^1_, 206, 209, 219; a scene in the house, 196; _mentioned_, 164, 194, 197

Bucher, _quoted_, 14 _note^1_

Buckingham, 1st Duke, 197, 252, 276; 2nd Duke, 192, 193; Buckingham and Chandos, Duke of, 194

Buckingham Palace, 152, 286

Buckinghamshire, 59

"Bulls," 208, 209

Burdett, Sir Francis, 155 _note^1_

Burgesse, Dr., 236

Burghley, Lord, 106

Burke, Edmund, "Works and Correspondence," _cited_, 5; his definition of Party, 15; the quarrel with Fox, 16, 17; on the House of Lords, 18; an incident, 31; speech at Bristol, 47-49, 48 _note^1_; _cited_, 51, 159, 186, 193; on the study of the law, 103; sayings of, 112 _note^1_, 166 _and note^2_, 282; incident of the dagger, 148 _and note^1_, 209; Rolle and, 196; on Lord North, 198; speeches of, 204-206, 218, 223; on Sheridan, 205; style, 208; fondness for debate, 260, 261; and the Press, 282; _mentioned_, 193

Burnet, Bishop, 10

Burney, Fanny, 178

Bury St. Edmunds, 60

Bute, Lord, 13 _note^1_; premiership, 91

Butt, 170

Buxton, "Memoirs," 52

Buxton, Sir T. F., saying, 209

Byng, George, _quoted_, 33 _note^1_

Byron, pedigree of, 37; _quoted_, 204; on Burke, 205, 206

Cabinet Council, the, origin, 81-82; under the Stuarts, 83; the system of to-day, 83; first official use of the term, 84; members of, in 1740, 84; members not holding office, 85; times of meeting, 85, 86; the Sovereign's presence, 86; secrecy, 87; 10, Downing Street, 87, 88; the Prime Minister's position, 89; qualities of successful prime ministers, 90-95; Cabinet dinners, 86 _and notes_; privileges of Cabinet ministers, 138

Cairns, Lord, 118 _note^1_

Calais, defence of, 184

Calendar reform, 218

"Call of the House," 186

Camden Society, the, 3 _note^2_

Campbell, Lord, Chancellor of Ireland, 101 _note^1_; "Lives," _quoted_, 108 _and note^1_, 103, 123 _note^1_

Canada Bill, the, of 1791 ... , 16

Canning, style, 94; sayings, _quoted_, 96 _note^1_; and the King's Speech, 156; attack on Brougham, 164; duel, 200; first speech, 212; eloquence of, 219

Canterbury, Abbot of, 104

Canterbury, Archbishop of, 23, 82, 84

Canute, 60

Carhampton, Lord, _see_ Luttrel, Colonel

Carleton, Sir Dudley, 190

Carlisle, Lady, 8

Carlyle, "Letters and Speeches of Oliver Cromwell," _quoted_, 122 _note^1_; on "Historical Collections," _quoted_, 277

Carnabie, Sir W., 187

Carnarvon, Lord, speech of, 193

Caroline, Queen, 115, 184

Carrington, family of, 62 _note^1_

Castlereagh, Lord, premiership, 91; duel, 200

Catholic emancipation, 204; Abbot on, 124

Catholicism, 13

Cavaliers, the, 13

Cave, bookseller, 279, 280

Cavendish, Lord, 190

Cavendish, Lord John, speech _quoted_, 127, 127 _note^1_

Cavendish, Sir Henry, reporting, 285 _and note^2_

Cecil, Lord Robert, _see_ Salisbury

Cecil, Robert, 138, 249

Censorship, Commons refuse to renew, 1695 ... , 278

Ceremony, Selden's saying regarding, 134 _and note^1_

Chair, the, deference to, 162

Chairman of Committees, 231, 232

Chairman of Ways and Means, 231, 233

Chamberlain, Austen, 52 _note^3_

Chamberlain, Joseph, the attack on Gladstone, summer, 1893 ... , 130, 131; opprobrious names for, 164

Chamberlain, the Lord Great, his duties at the Palace of Westminster, 62 _note^1_, 151

Chanceller, the Lord, origin of the office, 103, 104; the office held by Clerics, 104; duties, 104, 105, 109, 110; the Chancellorship and the Lord Keepership joined, 105, 106; famous Lord Chancellors, 107-109; judicial position, 110; salary, 117; social position, 117; perquisites, 118; the opening of Parliament, 136, 137, 141; approval of the Speaker-Elect, 144, 145; taking the Oath, 146; receiving a newly created peer, 151; meeting the King, 152; reading the King's Speech, 156, 157; deputies, 232, 233

Chancery, Court of, 106, 109, 110

Chaplain, the Parliamentary, 236, 237

Chaplin, H., 258

Charles I., reign of, 6, 7; presence in the Commons, 8; trial, 63; death sentence, 70; Cabinets, 85; Parliaments, 120, 226, 252; Speakers, 122; parliamentary fines, 185; attempt to arrest the five members, 277; relations with the Commons, 286

Charles II., restoration, 3; Parliaments, 6, 190, 277, 278; presence in the Lords, 9; decoration of St. Stephen's, 69; lying-in-State, 70; the Privy Council, 82; Cabinets, 83, 85, 86, 87, 89; Chancellors, 107; Speakers, 122, 123, 144; the restoration, 191; Parliamentary dress, 201

Chatham, _see_ William Pitt; on the Magna Charta, _quoted_, 21; his reply to Walpole, 54 _and note^2_; speeches, 207, 219; a protest by, 264; _mentioned_, 70, 193

Chaucer, 61

Chelmsford, Lord, 101 _note^1_

Chelsea parish church, 108

Chester, representation, 39

Chesterfield, Lord, 115; "Letters," 54 and _note^3_; on oratory, 215; on the intelligence of the Commons, 217, 218

Chiltern Hundreds, the, 59, 147, 150, 212 _note^1_

Cholmondeley, 279 _note^4_; family of, 62 _note^1_

Churchill, Lord Randolph, saying of, _quoted_, 16 _note^3_; at the Treasury, 98; attack on Bradlaugh, 148; on the King's speech, 155; speeches of, 220; his nightly letter to the Queen, 286 _note^1_

Cicero, 204, 216

Cinque Ports, the Lord Warden of, 90; fine inflicted on the, 184

Clandon, 132 _note^1_

Clarendon, Hyde, Earl of, impeachment, 53, 82; _mentioned_, 85; offices held, 107; speeches of, 231 _note^2_, 277, 278

Clarendon, Lord, 95 _note^1_

Clarke, Mrs., 67

_Clavis Regni_, 104

Clergymen, election of, 56

Clerk of the House, his duties, 139-142

Clerk of the Parliaments, 246 _and note^3_

Clifford, Lord, 6

Clifford, Sir Augustus, 154

Clock Tower, the, 188, 231

"Closure" rule, the, 171, 172; first application, 187, 188

Clothworkers' Company, 132

Cobbett, William, 68, 133, 138, 139, 214, 282-284; "Cobbett's Parliamentary Debates," 284; "Weekly Political Register," the, 284

Cobden, sayings _quoted_, 134, 209

Cochrane, Lord, expelled, 188

Cockburn, "Life of Jeffrey," _quoted_, 197

Cockpit, the, Whitehall, 84, 154 _and note^2_

Coercion Act, 176

Coke, Sir Edward, 49, 104, 121, 133, 143, 158, 159, 163, 164, 197

Commercial Distress, debate on, 204

Commission, Parliament opened by, 135, 136

Committees, 81; the Committee of State, 82; the Committee of Council, 84; Select Committees, 159 _and note^1_, 230; origin of system, 230; Committees of the whole House, 231; Committees of Public Petitions, 238

Commons, House of, Journals, 3; first mention, 3; political ascendancy, 4; under Cromwell, 7, 8; the Royal presence in, 8, 9; Constitution in 1815 ... , 11; the Party system established, 14; the method of "tacking," 30; doctrines concerning money bills, 30, 31; relations with the Lords, 31-33; resolutions for the reform of the House of Lords, 34 _and notes_, 38; separated from the Lords, 39, 40; the Reformed Parliament, 41, 42; increase in size, 42; the first Labour Candidates, 42; life of a modern legislator, 43; payment of members, 44-47; advantages of the position, 47-49; the members' duties, 49-51; advantages of membership, 52; qualification for election, 52-54; disqualifications, 53-57; exclusion of infants, 53, 54; peers elected to, 55 _note^2_; vacating a seat, 58; establishment in St Stephen's Chapel, 66-67; the present House, 74; the mace, 74, 75; members' comforts, 75-78; Bellamy's old kitchen, 76-80; the Kitchen Committee, 78; Commoners in the Cabinet, 85; the scene in the House, summer, 1893 ... , 130-31; the opening of Parliament by Commission, 135-137; retention of seats, 137-139; the Clerk of the House, 139, 140; arrival of Black Rod, 140, 141; election of the Speaker, 141-143; called to the Bar of the Lords, 140, 141, 153-155; second arrival of Black Rod, 143; taking the Oath, 145-147; introduction of a new member, 151, 152; balloting for places at the bar of the Lords, 154 _and note^1_; rules of debate, 160-172; hours of sitting, 228; summoned to the Lords to hear the Royal Assent, 247; divisions, 248-251; the Press Gallery, 284, 285

Commonwealth, Parliament under the, 7, 8

_Commune Concilium_, the, 2

Compton, Spencer, _see_ Wilmington, Lord

Conferences, 246

"Coningsby," 18

Coningsby, Lord, 23, 24

Consort, Prince, 156

Contempt of Parliament, 176, 177, 183

Copyright Bill, (1839), 169; (1842), 204

Corn duties, 88

Corn Importation Bill, 29 _and note^1_

Corn Laws abolition, bill for, 29

Cornwall, Speaker, 129

Cornwallis, Lord, 95 _note^1_

Corporation Act, 27 _note^1_, 55

Correction, House of, 180

Corrupt and Illegal Practices Prevention Act, 43 _note^2_

Cory, family of, descent, 37

Council of the Chiefs, 2

Councils, early, 81; Great Council of Peers, 1840 ... , 82

"Counting out," 234, 235

Country Party, the, 13

Court Cullies, 7

Court Party, the, 13

Courtney, of, "Characteristics," _quoted_, 91 _note^2_

Covenanters, the, 13

Coventry, 60, 190

Cowper, William, afterwards Lord Chancellor, 214, 215

Cranworth, Lord, 26

Crimean War, 209

"Crisis," the, 188

Croker, 250 _note^1_; on the relations between the two Houses, 32; "Papers," _quoted_, 49 _note^2_

Cromwell, Oliver, the famous "bauble," 7, 74; his opinion of Scotland, 9 _note^3_; and corruption, 12; on the House of Lords, 19; and the Lords Spiritual, 23; death warrant of Charles I., 70; and Parliament, 122

Cromwell, Richard, 236

Crowle, attorney, 178

Crown, power of the 4-6; curtailed, 8, 9

"Cullies," 7

Cumberland, Duke of, 92

_Curia Regis_, the, constitution, 20, 81; separated from Parliament, 22

Curran, a retort of, 209 _note^2_

Curzon, Lord, of Kedleston, 26 _note^1_

Cust, Sir John, death 1770 ... , 127

Customs, corruption in the, 12

Danby, fall of, 82

Daniel, 27 _note^1_

Debate, rules of, 158

Deceased Wife's Sister Bill, 251

Delany, Mrs., "Autobiography," 46

Demosthenes, 216, 220

Denison, Speaker, 122 _note^1_, 128, 129, 134, 141

Deportment, Parliamentary, 189-202

Derby Day, 227

Derby, Lord, 29, 91 _note^1_, 97, 101 _note_, 194 _note^3_

Dering, Sir Edward, punishment, 180

Desborough, 59

Devonshire, Duchess of, 270

Devonshire, Duke of, 86 _note^3_, 92

D'Ewes, Sir Symonds 185, 285; his note-taking, 276, 277

_Diary_, Woodfall's, 283, 284

Dickens, _cited_, 77, 79

Digby, Lord, speech, 277

Dilke, Sir Charles, 196

Dinners, ministerial, 155

Disraeli, use of the term "Tory," 14; and the Lords, 38, 33; sayings of, _quoted_, 43, 59, 74, 94; premiership, 91, 94; cabinet, 99; a pun on, 101 _note^1_; Queen's speeches, 155; unparliamentary language, 164; and O'Connell, 195, 196; and lawyers, 210; speeches, 212, 213, 220; description of Peel, 1846 ... , 253 _note^2_; on "whips," 254; and Biggar, 265

Divisions, in the Commons, 248-51; in the Lords, 251 _note^1_, 253

Divorce Bill, the, 169

Donegal, Lady, 51 _note^1_

Doorkeepers, remuneration of, 261

Dorchester, Lord, 192

Downing, Sir George, 87

Downing Street, 87

Dress, Parliamentary, 189-202

Drury Lane, 186

Drybutter, 69

Dryden, "Shadwell," 128; _quoted_, 227

Dublin University, 17 _note^1_

Duelling, Parliamentary, 200, 201

Dundas, _see_ Melville, Lord

Dunning, 9

Dunraven, Lord, bill for reforming the House of Lords, 36

Durham, Bishop of, 174

Durham, enfranchisement of, 39 _and note^1_

Earldormen, 2

Earl Marshal, duties, 151

Edgeworth, Maria, "Life and Letters," _quoted_, 271, 272

Edinburgh, 191

"Edinburgh Review," 115

Education Bill of 1902 ... , 172

Edward I., reign of, 4, 27, 64, 66; and the Earl de Warrene, 21; Chancellors, 107; Parliaments, 252, 268 _note^2_

Edward II., 27, 60

Edward III., reign of, 3, 39, 57, 64, 120 _note^1_, 156; Parliaments of, 44, 268 _note^2_; restoration of St. Stephen's, 66

Edward VI., 3; enfranchisement of rotten boroughs, 40

Edward VII., (Prince of Wales) 227; incident in the Stranger's gallery, 264, 265; lying-in-state, 63

Edward the Confessor, 60

Eldon, Lord, Chancellor, 104 _note^1_, 155, 198; on Thurlow, 111; character of, 113-15; his "Anecdote Book," 114 _note^2_; salary, 117; letter to Dr. Fisher, 117 _note^2_; decisions of, 183

Eleanor, Queen, 105 _and note^1_

Elections, cost of, 43 _and note^2_

Elibank, Lord, 178

Eliot, Sir John, 7, 75, 189

Elizabeth, Queen, Parliaments, 22, 53, 81, 82, 190, 236, 249; reign of, 23 _note^1_, 25, 62 _note^1_; creation of rotten boroughs, 40; and Holland, 70; Chancellors of, 105-6; visit to Westminster, 144; Speakers, 145; the sergeant-at-arms, 181 _note^2_; monopolies, 197; Parliamentary Committees, 230; bills quashed, 248

Ellenborough, Lord, 85; sayings of, _quoted_, 103 _note^2_

Ellesmere, Lord, on the office of the Lord Chancellor, _quoted_, 103 _note^1_

Elsyng, 3 _note^2_, 139 _and note^3_; "Parliaments of England," _quoted_, 142

Ely, Abbot, of, 104

Emerson, _quoted_, 17

English Railway Committee, 230, 231

Epsom, 227

Equity, Court of, 107

Erle, Sir Walter, 180 _and note^2_

Erskine, James, _see_ Grange, Lord

"Espying Strangers," 264, 265, 283

Essex, Earl of, 6; trial, 63

Ethelred, Chancellors of, 104

Evans, Colonel, 250

Evans, Sir George de Lacy, 139 _and note^1_

"Examiner," the, 278

Exchange, the, 175

Exchequer Court, 147

Exclusion Bill, 1679 ... , 13

Executive, the, 81

Falkland, Lord, saying of, _quoted_, 53

Farnham, Lord, 24 _note^2_

Fawkes, Guy, 135, 136

Fazakerley, 97

Female Suffrage, 265

Fenian scares, 1885 ... , 263

Ferguson of Pitfour, 50

Ferrars, arrest of, 174

Finance Bill of 1909 ... , 172, 207

Finch, Lord, speech of, 213, 214

Finch, Speaker, 122, 197

Fines, Parliamentary, 183-185

Fire of London, 62

"First Commoner," 132

First Statute of Westminster, 2

Fisher, Dr., of the Charter House, 117 _note^2_

Fitzwilliam, Lord, 85

Fleet, the, 174

Flood, corruption by, 10; on Pitt, 217

Floyd, punishment of, 179

Foreign Office, 87, 240

Forster, _quoted_, 91

Foster, John Leslie, Sheil's essay on, 78-80

Fox, Charles James, Burke's quarrel with, 16, 17; Lord North's dismissal, 97; saying of, _quoted_, 113; the Peace of Paris, 193; scene in the House, 197, 198; duel, 200-201; eloquence, 206; his speeches, 216, 217, 223, 224; _mentioned_, 43, 49, 54, 76, 187 _note^1_

Fox, Sir Stephen, 7 _note^1_

"Franking," the privilege of, 46, 47

French Fleet, visit to London, 64

French Revolution, the, 33 _note^1_

Fuller, 194; insults the Chair, 233

Gardiner, Dr., "History," _cited_, 4

Gardiner, Sir Alan, 211

Garibaldi, 239 _note^1_

Garter-King-at-Arms, duties, 151

Garter, Order of the, 136

Gascony, 117

Gatton, rotten borough of, 10, 268

Gemot of Wessex, 2, 3

"Gentleman's Magazine," the, 279, 280

George I., cabinets, 86

George II., cabinets, 87; the King's Speech, 155; sayings of, _quoted_, 243

George III., relations with the Commons, 9; correspondence with Lord North, 10; creation of Peers, 22; coronation, 63; cabinets, 96 _note^1_; Chancellors, 106; and Thurlow, 112; Parliaments, 121, 238, 286; Speakers, 128 _note^2_; the King's Speech, 155; parliamentary privileges under, 175, 176; (Prince of Wales), 256

George IV., at Westminster Palace, 62 _note^1_; accession, 64; the King's Speech, 156; (Regent), 238

George, Lloyd, 207

German sources of the English constitution, 1, 2

Germans, early, manners of, 1

Gibbon, 95 _note^1_, 223; Sheridan and, 282

Gladstone, sayings of, _quoted_, 13, 58, 95, 199; "tacking," 30-31; on the relations between the two Houses, 31; lying-in-State, 63; and Disraeli, 74; offices held by, 83, _note^1_; on etiquette, 90; premiership, 92, 94, 167, 221; at debate, 99; Chamberlain's attack on, summer 1893 ... , 130-31; the Bradlaugh incident, 149; Queen's speeches, 155; the hat incident, 159, 160; on obstruction, 169; proposed alteration in procedure, 171, 172; speeches, 207, 212; on oratory, 215; _mentioned_, 239 _and note^1_

Glasgow, 20

Glastonbury, Abbot of, 104

Godolphin, 83

Gordon, Duchess of, 272

Gordon, Lord George, 235

Gordon Riots, the, 238 _note^1_

Goschen, Lord, speeches, 221

Gower, Lord, 10, 264

Gower, Lord F. L., 186

Grafton, Duke of, 32

Grand Committees, 232

Grand Remonstrance, the, 8, 185, 190

Grange, Lord, speeches, 214

Grant, General, 262

Grant, "Recollections," _quoted_, 164 _and note_, 283

Grantham, borough of, 45

Granville, Lady, "Letters," _quoted_, 86 _note^3_, 115 _note^1_

Granville, Lord, 86 _note^3_, 115 _note^1_

Grattan, "Life and Times," _cited_, 92; speeches, 120, 216 _and note^1_, 223; saying, _quoted_, 169; motion for Catholic emancipation, 204; on Pitt, _quoted_, 217

Gravel Pits, Kensington, 200

Great Council, the, 84

"Great Tom of Westminster," 66 _and note^1_, 73

Grenville, George, 89, 91, 124, 133, 193, 286

Grenville, Lord, proposal regarding Westminster, 65

Grenville, Richard, 217 _note^1_

Grenville, on the presence of women in Parliament, 270 _and note^4_

Grey, Lord, 266; his Reform bill, 169

Griffith, Darby, 240

Griffiths, Admiral, 177

Grimston, Edward, 75

"Guardian," the, 213

Guilford, Lord, Chancellor, 108, 109

Guilford, Lord, son of Lord North, 212 _and note^1_

"Guillotine," the, 172

Gully, Speakership, 125, 141, 142, 181

Gunter, 164 _note^1_

Guthrie, editor, 279, 280

Gwydyr, Lord, 62 _note^1_

Habeas Corpus Act, 224

Hakewell, _cited_, 120 _note^1_

Halifax, 277

Halifax, 1st Lord, saying of, _quoted_, 19

Halifax, Lord, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, 214

Hall, Arthur, member of Parliament for Grantham, 175; punishment, 179

Hall, Sir Benjamin, 73 _note^2_

Hamilton, William Gerard, his speech, 214

Hampden, 8, 190, 277

Hampton Court, 6

Handel, 217 _note^3_

Hanmer, Sir John, 190

Hanoverian Parliaments, times of session, 225

Hansard, T. C., publication of debates, 284, 285

Harcourt, Sir Philip, 191

Hardwicke, Lord, Chancellor, 96, 97; on Strangers, 263, 264

Harley, Sir Robert, Speaker, 53, 83, 133; Premier, 90, 91, 278; Chancellor, 110 _note^1_

Harrowby, Lord, 115 ^1

Harrys, Dr., 176

Hartley, David, speech of, 206, 207

Harwich, borough of, 45 _note^2_

Haselrig, 8

Hastings, Warren, impeachment, 63, 178, 204, 205, 282

Hatherton, Lord, 32

Hats, etiquette concerning, 159, 160

Hatsell, Clerk of the House, 139, 140; "Precedents," _cited_, 75, 152 _and note^1_, 153 _note^4_, 167

Hengham, Sir Ralph de, 66

Henry I., reign, 21, 62 _note^1_, 81; Chancellors, 117

Henry II., 64

Henry III., 4; Parliaments, 64, 268 _note^2_

Henry VI., reign, 27, 40, 42; Parliaments, 125 _note^1_, 174, 182, 184

Henry VII., reign, 4

Henry VIII., reign, 3, 60, 62 _note^1_, 81, 144, 145; Parliaments of 6, 22, 44, 136, 144, 184, 252; removal to Whitehall, 62; death, 107 _note^2_

Heptarchy, the, 2, 20

Heredity, the principle of, 18-20

"Herod," 130

Herries, 253

Hewitt, speeches, 207

"Historical Register," the, 279

Hobart, Sir Miles, 75

Hogan, 168

Holland, Earl of, 6

Holles, 8

Holt, Lord Chief Justice, 182

Home Rule Bill, (1886), 207; (1893), 29, 172

"Honourable," the title, 165

Hopton, Sir Ralph, 180

Hotham, Lord, 204

"House-fright," 210-212

Howard, Lord, 70

Howard, Francis, "Memoirs," 217 _note^3_

"Hudibras" 139 and _note^3_

Hughes, Hughes, 17

Hull, borough of, 45 _note^2_

Hume, David, 68, 76

Hume, Joseph, in the House, 71, 139

Hungerford, Sir Thomas, Speaker, 119, 120 _note^1_

Hunt, first speeches, 214

Hutcheson, speech, 206

Hyde, Lord, 95 _note^1_; _see also_ Clarendon

Idiots, laws concerning, 54, 55

Ireland, Act of Union, 24

Irish members in Bellamy's, 79; suspension of, 187, 188

Irish Municipal Bill, 264

Irish Office, the, 239

Irish Parliament, 190

Irish Party tactics, 169-171

Irish Peers, 26; rights of, 55, 56; introduction in the Lords, 151

Isabella, Queen, 105

James I., creation of Peers, 22; Parliaments, 53, 70, 179, 180, 233; Councils, 82

James II., 164

"Jane," 79

Jeffrey, Lord, saying of, _quoted_, 183; style, 210

Jeffreys, Chancellor, 108 _and note^1_

Jenkins, Judge, 176, 177

Jewish Oaths Bill, 29

Jews, disabilities, 27 _and note^1_ 55, 147

John, King, 4, 21, 22

Johnson, Dr., and Dunning's resolution, 9 _and note^2_; saying of, _quoted_, 168; on oratory, 215; and Cave, 279, 280

Johnson, Sir Robert, 269

Johnstone, Captain, 270

Jonson, Ben, saying of, _quoted_, 205

Journals, Parliamentary, 3, 233, 276, 279

"Judas," 130

Judges at the opening of Parliament, 152, 153 _note^1_

Judicature Act, 1873 ... , 107, _note^2_

"Juncto," the, 82

"Junius letters," the, 281

Justice, High Court of, 110

Katherine, Queen, 190

Keepership of the Great Seal, 105

Kendall, Captain, his reply to Middleton, 6

Kenealy, Dr., introduction to the House, 152; speeches, 210; the Tichborne case, 253

Khedive, the, visit to the House of Commons, 166, 167

King, Dr., "Anecdotes," _quoted_, 24 _note^1_

King's champion, the, 63, 64

King's Speech, the, 152-157

Kingsdown, Baron, _see_ Leigh, Pemberton

Kingston, Duchess of, trial, 63

Kneeling at the Bar of the House, 177, 178

La Hogue, battle of, 199

Labouchère, sayings of, _quoted_, 77

Labour Members, the first, 42; dress of, 202

Lacour, M. Challemel, 167

Ladies' Gallery, the, unruly scenes, 273, 274

Lancelot, 31

Land Act, 1881 ... , 70

Land League, the, 176

Lane, Mrs., 65 _note^2_

Langres, Hercule, 8

Langrishe, Sir Hercules, 285 _note^2_

Language, "Parliamentary," 163

Latour, Colonel, 167

Laud, "Diary," _cited_, 64, 65

Law Courts, London, 64

Law Courts, the, collisions with Parliament, 182

Law Lords, the, 25, 26

Lawson, Sir Wilfrid, 165 _note^2_, 227, 267

Lawyers and the House of Commons, 57, 210

Lecky, _quoted_, 11, 12

Lefevre, Shaw, Speakership, 134, 141, 159

Leicester, 60

Leigh, Pemberton, 26

Leitrim, Lord, speech of, 235

Lenthall, Speaker, 67 _note,^1_ 120, 121, 122, 131, 139 _note^3_, 186, 187

Levis, family of, 37

Lewes, 4

Lewes, Sir Watkin, 77

Lewis, Sir George Cornwall, sayings of, _quoted_, 98, 169

Liberal Conservatives, the, 14

Liberal Unionists, the, 33

Licensing bills, 238, 278

Life Peerages, 25, 26

Limerick, Earl of, 183

Lincoln, 60

Lincoln's Inn, 232

Livy, 203

Llandaff, Bishop of, his amendment, 55

Local Taxation Bill, 238

Lock, Zachary, 211

Locke, report of Lord's debate, 278

"London Magazine," 280

Long, Parliament, the, 42, 177, 189, 231 _note^2_, 277, 278

Long, Thomas, 44, 45

Lonsdale, Lord, 86 _note^1_

Lord Mayor, the, collision with Parliament, 281

Lords, House of, Journals, 3; under Cromwell, 7, 8; the Royal Presence, 8, 9; the principle of heredity, 18-20; origin and antiquity, 20-22, 39; number of Peers attending, 22; the Lords Spiritual, 22, 23; election of the Irish and Scottish Peers, 24 _and note^2_; judicial functions, 24, 25; introduction of the four Lords of Appeal, 24, 25; the Supreme Court of Appeal, 25, 26; numerical increase, 25-27; composition to-day, 27; the writ of summons, 27; functions, 28; public opinion on, 29; rejection of bills, 29, 30; money bills and foreign matter, 30, 31; relations with the Commons, 31-33; the Liberal Peers, 33; Conservative character, 33, 34; proposed reform, 34 _and notes_-38; separation from the Commons, 39, 40; temporary abolition, 55 _note^2_; the new Upper Chamber, 73; the Chancellor's position, 110; The Lords Commissioners, 136, 141, 143, 144, 145, 155, 247; opening by commission, 136-141; arrival of the Commons, 141; approval of the Speaker-Elect, 144, 145; taking the Oath, 145-47; introduction of a newly created peer, 151; arrival of the King and Queen, 152; the Gilded Chamber, 152; rules of debate, 160 _et seq_; length of speeches, 167; "call" of the Lords, 186 and _note^3_; maiden speeches, 215; days of adjournment, 227, 228; divisions, 251, 253; voting by proxy, 252; the presence of women, 269; the Press gallery, 284, 285

Lords, the old Irish House of, 228 _note^2_

Loughborough, Lord, 95 _note^1_, 96, 113 _and note^2_, 282

Lowe, Chancellor, 98

Luggershall, 10

Lunatics, laws concerning, 54, 55

Luttrel, Colonel, 95 _note^1_, 201

Lyndhurst, Lord, sayings of, _quoted_, 27 _note^1_, 101 _note^1_; the Two Power Standard, 109 _and note^2_; and the old seal, 118; scenes in the House, 197, 235, 264

Lynn, voters of, 59

Macaulay, _cited_, 10, 14, 58, 63, 97, 223, 253, 256; "Miscellaneous writings," _quoted_, 90 _note^2_, 102 _note^1_; on the King's Speech, 155; on parliamentary scenes, 195; speeches 204, 220; on Burke, 205; eloquence of, 219; sayings of, _quoted_, 225

Macclesfield, Lord, 108

Mace, the, 74, 75, 139

Mackintosh, Sir James, sayings of, _quoted_, 210, 215, 222

Magna Charta, 21, 22, 224

Mahon, Lord, 204; speeches, 221

Maidstone, Lord, 195

Malmesbury, Lord, "Memoirs," 86 _note^1_

Manchester, Duke of, 264

Mann, Sir H., 28

Manners, Lord John, 220

Mansfield, Lord, 85, 93, 197

"Manwaring's Medley," 279

Mare, Sir Peter de la, 120 _note^1_

Marlborough, Duke of, 30

Marshal, Master, 236

Martin, Henry, 70

Martineau, Harriet, on the presence of women in Parliament, 272

Marvell, Andrew, 7, 45 _note^2_, 191

Mary, Queen, creation of rotten boroughs, 40

Mass, the, 236

Matchmaker's petition, 238 _note^1_

Matthews, Home Secretary, 164

Maule, Fox, 244 _note^1_

May, Erskine, 139

Maynooth College, 17 _note^1_

"Mazur," 103 _note^1_

Mediterranean, the, 12

Melbourne, Lord, Prime Minister, 88, 156; and Lord Brougham, 116; rules of order, 163

Melville, Lord, 193; impeachment, 63, 198, 252, 253

Middleton, Commissioner, 191

Middleton, Secretary of State, 6

Midhurst, 10

Mildmay, Sir H., 190

Mill, John Stuart, _quoted_, 19

Milton, 205; "Paradise Lost," Lord Eldon's opinion on, 113

"Minister," the term, 84

Ministers, appointment of 96-98; number of, 98; the members of the administration, 98 _note^4_

"Mist's Journal," 183

Modred, 31

Mompesson, Sir Giles, 180

Money Bills, doctrines of the Commons concerning, 30, 31, 34; returned from the Lords, 244 _note^2_; royal assent to, 247

Monmouth, representation of, 39 _and note^1_

Monopolies, abolition of, 197; punishment of monopolists, 180

Montacute, Lord, 10

Montagu, Lady M. W., "Letters," _cited_, 270 _note^3_

Montagu, Mr., 115 _note^1_

Montague, Walpole's letters to, _quoted_, 15 _note^1_

Monteagle, Lord, _see_ Spring-Rice

Montesquieu, _cited_, 1

Moore, Thomas, 68; letters of, _quoted_, 51 _note^1_; "Memoirs," 77

Mordaunt, Sir Charles, 46

More, Sir Thomas, 53, 103, 106-108, 133, 208

Moreton, Chief Justice of Chester, 92, 93

Moritz, C. P., 67, 68, 260

Morley, Lord, 222

"Morning Chronicle," reports, 282

Morpeth, Lady G. 115 _note^1_

Morpeth, Lord, 76

Moses, 170

Mowbray, Barony of, 27

Mullins, 69

Murray, Alexander, punishment of, 178

Murray, Solicitor-General, _see_ Mansfield, Lord

Musters, famous beauty, 270

"Naming," practise of, 187

National Council, the, 41, 81

Naturalization Bill, 1751 ... , 186

Naturalization, political rights and, 55

Naunton, _cited_, 82

Navy office, the, 67

New Palace Yard, 65, 72

Newgate, 178, 183

Newsletters, 278

Newspapers, party organs, 278-79

Newton, Sir Isaac, 115

Nonconformity, 13

Norfolk, 3rd Duke of, 108; 11th Duke, 41

Norreys, Lord, 195

_North Briton_, 281

North, Lord, correspondence with George III., 10; premiership, 85, 94, 96, 164, 206; dismissal of Fox, 97; _mentioned_, 128, 165; somnolence of, 198, 199; speeches 219

North, Roger, "Life of Lord Guildford," _quoted_, 108, 109

Northampton, 60

Northcote, Sir Stafford, 150

Northstead, 59

Norton, Sir Fletcher, Speakership, 128 _and note^2_, 129; saying of, _quoted_, 187 _note^1_

"Notice-paper," 229, 230

Oates, Titus, 63, 66, 190

Oath of Allegiance, the, disabilities under, 27 _and note^1_, 56; administration, 145-147; the Bradlaugh incident, 148-151

Oath of Supremacy, the, 259

Oaths Act, 1888 ... , 147, 148

O'Brien, Smith, 230, 231

Obstruction, Irish tactics, 168-172

O'Connell, Daniel, saying of, _quoted_, 17 and _note^1_; "Experiences," 153; unparliamentary language, 164; noisy scenes caused by, 195, 196; motion for repeal of the Union, 220 _note^1_, speeches, 223; scene in the Strangers' Gallery, 266; an incident, 271; and the Press, 283; _mentioned_, 13 _note^3_

O'Connell, Morgan, 200

O'Connor, Feargus, saying of, _quoted_, 163

O'Connor, T. P., "Gladstone's House of Commons," _cited_, 77

O'Donnell, 167

O'Gorman, Major, 163

Old Sarum, 56

One Mile Act, 238

Onslow, Arthur, Speakership, 16, 132, 124, 141, 177, 187, 281

Onslow, Fulk, Clerk of the House, 140

Onslow, Richard, Speaker, 145

Opposition, the recognition, 15, 16

Orange-Women, 69

Oratory, the gift of, 215, 216

"Order Book" of the House, 230

Orphans Bill, 1695 ... , 123

Outlaws, Irish, 13

Oxford, 60

Oxford, Earl of, _see_ Harley

Oxford, 1st Earl, 62

Painted Chamber, the, 230

"Pairing," 255

Palace Yard, 70, 137, 181

Palgrave, Sir F., Clerk of the House, 140

Palmerston, Lord, on the Lords, 20, 26; cabinets, 88; visit to Scotland, 89, 90; style, 94; saying of, _quoted_, 199; _mentioned_, 34, 240

Paper Duties Bill, 88

Parke, lawyer, 26

Parliament, derivation of the word, 2; history of, 3, 4; the first, 4, 5; the two Houses, 5; duration, 5 _and note^1_-6; the Commonwealth, 7, 8; the Royal Presence in, 8, 9; prices of seats, 10; the Party principle, 13-17; separation of the two Houses, 39, 40; summoning of, 60; opening by commission, 136-152; the King's speech, 152-157; collisions with the law, 182, 183; times of meeting, 225

Parliamentary Proceedings Bill, 248

Parnell, policy of obstruction, 169-171; "named," 187

Parr, Dr., 206

Parry, Dr., arrest, 179

Partington, Mrs., 29

Party principle, the origin, 13-17

Patriots, 14

Payment of Members, 44-47

Peace of Paris, 193

Pearson, head doorkeeper, 69, 77, 261, 262, 262 _note^1_, 271

Pease, quaker, 147, 160

Peel, Sir Robert, and Lord John Russell, 17; and reform, 41, 42, 169; _mentioned_, 74, 85, 253 _and note^2_; premiership, 91, 163; style, 94; on the speakership, _quoted_, 126; dissolution, 199, 200; speech, 204; a scene in the House, 266

Peel, Speaker, 130, 134, 141, 163, 274

Peeresses, at the opening of Parliament, 152, 153, _note^1_; privileges of, 174 _note^1_, 269

Peers, Liberal, 33; creation of new, 33 _note^2_; exclusion from the Commons, 55; rights of Irish, 55, 56; privileges of, 173, 174

Pelham, 10, 88, 281

Pepys' "Diary," _quoted_, 45, 65 _and note^3_, 87, 192, 213, 256; accusations against, 67

Perceval, Spencer, 287; assassination of, 266

Perrers, Alice, 120 _note^1_

Peter the Great, saying of, quoted, 64

Peterborough, Earl of, 84

Petition, legislation by, 40

Petition of Right, 197

Petitions, 237-239

Petyt, _cited_, 2

Phillips, 158

Piers of Langtoft, 105 _note^1_

Pillory, use of the, 179-80

Pitt, William, 1st Earl of Chatham, _see_ Chatham; reason of his success, 92; reply to Moreton, 92, 93; attack on Murray, 93; and the Admiralty, 93; personality, 93, 94; style, 217; Dr. Johnson and, 280

Pitt, William, reformative measures of, 12, 13; saying of, _quoted_, 41; premiership, 54, 85, 96; death, 77; and Addington, 124; hard drinking, 193, 194; on Bolingbroke, 203; and Lord Mahon, 221; _mentioned_, 70, 133, 253

Place, Francis, 14

Plague, the, 60

Plimsoll, 164

Plunket, 80, 158, 204, 219

Plunket, Lord, Chancellor of Ireland, 101 _note^1_

Poaching, punishment for, 177

Police, Metropolitan, duties, 181, 182

Ponsonby, George, 200

Pope, on government, _quoted_, 19; the "Dunciad," 179 _note^2_

Porritt, _cited_, 257

Porson, 217

Portland, Duke of, 46; notes on forming a ministry, 95 _note^1_

Praed, poet, his advice to the Chair, 129

Praise God Barebones, 7, 8

Precedence, the question of, 27

"Premier," the word, 89

Prevention of Crimes (Ireland) Act, 227

Press, the, freedom of, 3; Parliament and, 275-287

Pride, Colonel, 181

Prime Minister, his position to-day, 88-89; the title, 89; qualities of successful Prime Ministers, 90-95; choosing a ministry, 95-96; appointing Ministers, 96-98; offices filled by the Prime Minster, 98 _note^2_; the number of ministers, 98-100; delivery of the seals, 100

Printing, laws regulating, 278

Prior, Matthew, 2

Priory Church, Blackfriars, 67

"Privilege," 4th January, 1642 ... , 8

Privileges, Parliamentary, 173-188

Privy Council, the, 22, 81, 82, 84; the Judicial Committee, 110; members, 138

Procedure, Standing Orders, 159; Gladstone's proposed alteration, 171, 172

Property qualification, 4

Protectionists, 204

"Protections," sale of, 175

Protestants, 13

Proxies, 252

Pryme, "Recollections," 13 _note^2_

Prynne, "Brief Register," _quoted_, 3 _and note^1_, 185

Public Bills, 231

Pugin, Augustus Welby, 73 _note^1_

Pulteney, 18, 256

Punishments, Parliamentary, 173-188

Puns, 100, 101, 101 _note^1_

Putney, 77

Pym, 8, 237

Quakers and the oath, 147

Queensberry, Kitty, Duchess of, 270

Questions, 239-241

Quorum, 234, 235

"Radical," the term, 14

Raikes, 42

Raleigh, Sir Walter, 249

"Rapparees," 13 _note^3_

Rasch, Sir Carne, 168

Reading, 60

Records, lack of early, 3

Redistribution Bill of 1883 and 1885 ... , 43 _note^2_

Reform Act of 1832 ... , 4, 10, 33 _note^2_, 38, 41, 116, 123, 148 _note^1_, 165, 168, 227, 253; Brougham's speech, 194

Reform Acts of 1867, 1884 ... , 42, 256

Reform, Parliamentary, 1831 ... , 29

Remonstrance of 1682 ... , 82

Reporting, Parliamentary, 275-387; "Diurnal occurrences of Parliament," 278; the nightly letter to the Sovereign, 286

Requests, Court of, 70

Restoration, Parliament under the, 8

Revolution, 1688 ... , 4, 8, 14, 41, 60, 83

Rich, Speaker, 145

Richard II., 22, 61, 67

Richmond, Duchess of, 271

Richmond, (3rd) Duke of, 31, 264; (4th, 1831), 197

Rigby, 193

Rights, Bill of, 224

Riley, 258 _note^1_

Ripon, 60

Robinson, 259

Robinson, Sir H. Crabb, "Diary," _quoted_, 224

Roche, Sir Boyle, "bulls" of, 209

Rochefoucauld, La, saying of, _quoted_, 222

Rochester, Earl of, 192

Rochester, representation of, 40

Rockingham, Lord, 91

Rogers, saying of, _quoted_, 115

Rolle, John, 196

_Rolliad_, the, Thurlow's character portrayed in, 112

Rolls of Parliament, 3, 146

Roman Catholic Emancipation Bill, 201

Roman Catholics, disabilities, 17 _note^1_, 110, 146, 147

Romilly, Sir Samuel, speech, 228, 229

Rosalinda, story of, 269

Rose, Sir George, 194

Rosebery, Lord, on the reform of the Lords, 18, 35-37, 37 _note^1_, 38; saying of, _quoted_, 58 _note^1_; on old speeches, 203, 235

Rothschild, Baron Lionel de, 147

Rotten boroughs, 12, 40, 225

Roundheads, the, 13

Royal assent, 246 _and note^3_, 247

Runnymede, 21

Rushworth, 277

Russell, Earl, trial, 186 _note^3_

Russell, Lord John, and corruption, 12; saying of, _quoted_, 14; and Peel, 17; on heredity, _quoted_, 19; minority 54; in the Cabinet, 85; premiership, 91, 92; Disraeli and, 164; defeat in 1854 ... , 253; and the admission of strangers, 262; and the Press, 285

Russell-Gladstone Cabinet, the, 256

St. Asaph, Bishop of, 181

"St. James's Chronicle," 178

St. James's, Court of, 111, 112

St. John of Jerusalem, Hospital of, the Prior, 23 _note^1_

St. Leonards, Lord, 111 _note^1_; saying of, _quoted_, 115

St. Margaret's Church, Westminster, 146, 226 _note^1_, 236

St. Paul's Cathedral, 66

St. Simon, 94

St. Stephens, the Chapel, 66-68, 236, 249, 261, 271; the Lobby, 68, 69; the Painted Chamber, 69, 70, 72; the Prince's Chamber, 70; the Crypt, 72; Hall, 263; Porch, 265

Salisbury, Lord, on the functions of the Lords, 28, 34; bill for reforming the House of Lords, 36; Premiership, 87, 92, 94; Queen's Speeches, 155; an apology, 199; style, 222; _mentioned_, 95 _note^1_

Salisbury, town of, 60

Salomons, Alderman, 147

Sandeford, 180

Savage, Sir Arnold, speaker, 125, _note^1_

Schomberg, 67

Scotch Militia Bill, 248

Scotland, bribery of Members of Parliament, 9 _and note^3_; Act of Union, 24

Scottish Parliament, the, 191

Scottish Peers, 26; introduction ceremony, 151

Scrope, Lord, 191

Seal, the Great, stolen from Lord Thurlow, 104 _note^1_; Keepership, 105; Women Keepers, 105; Lord Brougham's method of returning, 116; breaking up of the, 118

Seals, the, delivery of, 100, 101; puns on, 101 _note^1_

Seats, retention of, 138; purchase of 176

Selden, on Law and Equity, 107; sayings of, _quoted_, 134 _and note^1_; on Parliamentary privileges, _quoted_, 176

Select Committees, appointment of, 230

Selwyn, 10

"Senate of Lilliput," 279, 280

Septennial Act, the, 11, 12, 206, 279

Sergeant-at-Arms, the, 75, 136, 138, 147, 148, 150; duties, 181 _and note^3_-82, 259

Servants and privileges, 174, 175

Session, the Parliamentary, 225

Seymour, Sir Edward, Speakership, 122, 123, 132, 144, 190

Shaftesbury, Earl of, (Baron Ashley), 12, 163, 213, 270, 277; Lord Shaftesbury, (1831), 197

Shaw, 17

Sheil, "Sketches of the Irish Bar," 78-80; on Brougham, _quoted_, 116; punishment, 188 _note^1_; facts, _quoted_, 203 _and note^3_; attack on Lord Lyndhurst, 264

Sheridan, sayings of, _quoted_, 97, 148 _note^1_, 208; and George IV., 156; motions to adjourn, 168; speeches of, 204, 205, 212, 213, 218, 223; the "Begum" speech, 205 _and note^2_; speech at the trial of Hastings, 282; on the liberty of the Press, 287

Shippen, William, 149 _note^1_

Sibthorpe, Colonel, saying of, _quoted_, 199, 200

Sidmouth, Lord, _see_ Addington

Sidney, Algernon, saying of, _quoted_, 48 _note^1_

Simon de Montford, 4

Slaves, emancipation of the, 116

Smalley, servant, 175

Smith, Sidney, _cited_, 29, 115

Smith, Speaker, 182

Socrates, saying of, _quoted_, 52

Somers' trial, 63

Somerset, Duke of, (1547), 179; (1790, 1800), 253

Somerset, G., 115 _note^1_

Somerset House, 267

"Sopher," 103 _note^1_

South Sea Bubble, 188

Sovereign, the, and the Barons, 4; presence in Parliament, 8; approval of the Speaker elect, 144

Spanish Armada, 70

Speakers of the House of Commons, youthful Speakers, 53; origin of the office, 119; character, 120-122; the Crown's influence, 122, 123; influence of the Ministry, 123; impartiality established, 124, 125; duties and qualifications, 125, 126; physical qualifications, 127-131; "catching the Speaker's eye," 129, 130; dress, 131; remuneration, 132, 133; Speaker's dinners, 132, 133; collateral appointments, 133, 134; retirement, 134; his election, 141-143; election confirmed in the House, 144; servile speeches, 144, 145; taking the oath, 146; "reporting" the King's speech, 156; deference to the Chair, 162; substitutes, 233, 234; the casting vote, 252

"Speaker's chop," 229

"Speaker's dinners," 132

Speaker's Gallery, 265

Spiritual Lords, 22, 23

Spithead, naval review, 74

Spring-Rice, 283

Stael, Mme. de, 32 _note^2_

Stagg, Mrs. Anne, 237

Stamp duties, 278

Standing Committees, 232

Standing Orders, 159

Stanley, Lady, 186

Stanley, Lord, 91 _note^1_

Star Chamber, 106, 175, 232

Statute, legislation by, 242

Steele, expelled, 188; on the House of Commons, 206; "The Crisis," 213

Stock Exchange, the, 188

Stockdale, publisher, 285

Stoke, 59

Storie, arrest of, 179

Stourton, Lord, 27

Strafford, Earl of, 63, 82, 277

Strangers in Parliament, 259-274; balloting for seats, 263; Disraeli's resolution, 265

Stratford, Archbishop and Chancellor, 106

Strode, 8, 162, 185

Stuarts, the, and the Parliament, 6, 13, 190

Sudbury, 276

Suffragettes, the, 182

Sugden, Edward, _see_ St. Leonards, Lord

Sullivan, A. M., 76, 77

Sunderland, Earl of, 14, 83

Supremacy, Act of, (1563), 146

Suspension of a member, 187

Sutton, Speaker Manners, 68, 126 _and note^1_, 133, 134, 141, 142, 221

Swift, 203; "The Examiner," 278

Tacitus, 1, 203, 282

"Tacking," 30, 31, 34

Talbot, Lord, King's Champion, 63, 64; Lord Chancellor, 96

"Tallies," 70,71

Tangye, Lady, 7 _note^3_

Tanner, Dr., 164; arrest of, 176

Tapestries at Westminster, 69, 70

Temple, Lord, 95 _note^1_; and Horne Tooke, 56 _note^1_

Tennant, R., 220 _note^1_

Test Act, 27 _note^1_, 55

Test Roll, the, 146

Thames Embankment, the, 61

Thanet, Lord, 95 _note^1_

Thorpe, Thomas, Speaker, 174

Thurloe, Cromwell's Secretary, 111

Thurlow, Lord, saying of, _quoted_, 32; Chancellor, 86, 111-113, 198; loss of the Great Seal, 104 _note^1_

Tichborne case, 152, 253

"Times, The," article, _quoted_, 154 _note^1_; printer fined, 183; Parliamentary reports, 284

Tooke, Rev. J. Horne, 56 _and note^1_

Tories, 269; origin, 13, 14

Torrington, Lord, 53

Tothill fields, 70

Tower of London, 74, 108, 163, 175, 179, 180, 192, 281

Townsend, "History of the House of Commons," _quoted_, 133

Townshend, Charles, sayings, _quoted_, 91, 207; his "Champagne Speech," 193

Townshend, Thomas, 193

Treason Bill, (1695), 213

Treasury Bench, 138

Treasury, corruption of the, 12

Trevor, Sir John, bribery practised by, 9; speakership, 123 _and note^1_; 130 _and note^2_

Triennial Act (1694), 11

Troy, Siege of, 70

Tudors, the, and Parliament, 81

Turner, Sir Edward, corruption of, 7 _note^1_

Twiss, 253

Two Power Standard, principle of the, 109 _and note^2_

Tydder, Cadwallader, 140

Union, Acts of, 24, 42

Usher of the Black Rod, 136

Vaughan, General, 95 _note^1_

Vere, Aubrey de, 62, _note^1_

"Vetus Codex," the, 3

Victoria, Queen, Parliament under, 25, 55, 286 _note^1_; and the creation of Peers, 26 _note^2_; dividing the Seal, 118 _note^1_; the Queen's Speech, 156

Viscounts, creation by Henry VI, 27

Voltaire, _quoted_, 50, 51

"Votes for Women," 182, 273, 274, 238, _note^1_

Voting by proxy, 252

Waldegrave, Lord, 243

Waldegrave, Sir Richard, 144

Wales, Prince of, at the opening of Parliament, 153

Walgrave, Bill of, 243 _note^2_

Wallace, William, trial, 63

Waller, the poet, 53

Walpole, Horace, on the functions of the House of Lords, 28; Pitt's reply to, 54 _note^2_; _cited_, 63, 64; "Letters," _quoted_, 90 _note^3_, 128 _and note^2_, 186

Walpole, Sir Robert, on corruption, 10, 12; expulsion and re-election, 58, 59, 188; ministry, 84, 86, 90 _and note^3_, 91, 96, 100, 154, 227, 253; refusal of Downing Street, 87; and William Shippen, 149 _note^1_; on Townshend, 193; a story of, 206, 207; first speech, 212; on Fox, 217; Pulteney and, 256

Wanklyn, Colonel, case of, 174, 175, 197

Ward, punishment, 179 _and note^2_

Wars of the Roses, 40

Waterloo Station, 137

Waveney, Lord, 167 _note^1_

Wedderburn, _see_ Loughborough, Lord

"Weekly Political Register," 284

Welbeck Abbey, unpublished manuscripts, 95 _note^1_

Wellesley, Lord, 85; threatened impeachment, 124

Wellington, Duke of, and the rotten boroughs, 12; and the Corn Law, 29; on the Reformed House of Commons, 42; sayings of, _quoted_, 116 _note^1_ 222 _note^1_; and Manners Sutton, 134; duel, 201; _mentioned_, 32, 67, 85

Wensleydale, Lord, _see_ Parke

Wentworth, Lord, 95 _note^1_

Wessex, Gemot of, 2, 3

Westbury, borough of, 44, 45

Westbury, Lord Chancellor, puns, 101 _note^1_

Westcote, Lord, 95 _note^1_

Westminster Abbey, 100, 227, 236; coronations in, 64

Westminster Hall, inundation, 61; the Law Courts removed from, 64; trading within the precincts, 64, 65; structural alterations, 65,66; the fire of 1834 ... , 70-72; Hastings' trial, 205

Westminster, Palace of, history, the seat of Parliament, 60-62; the Lord Great Chamberlain's duties, 62 _note^1_; historic scenes, 63, 64; Court of Requests, 70; Court of Bankruptcy, 70; fire of 1834 ... , 70-72; Victoria Tower, 72; the new houses of Parliament, 72, 73, 73 _note^1_; Speaker's residence, 132; searching the vaults, 135, 136

Wetherell, Sir Charles, sayings of, _quoted_, 168, 169; speeches, 221

Wherry-men, 269

"Whig Examiner," the, 278

Whigs, the, origin, 13; principles, 14, 269

Whips, parliamentary, 254-258

Whitehall, 8, 17, 62, 84, 137; the banqueting room, 226 _note^1_

White's Club, 11

Whitty, E. M., book of, 44 _note^1_

"Who Goes Home?" 52 and _note^2_

Widdrington, Sir Thomas, Speakership, 233

Wilberforce, Bishop, attack on Lord Derby, 194 _note^2_

Wilkes, John, 59, 286; _North Briton_, 66, 188, 281; sayings of, _quoted_, 112 _note^1_; duel 200; speeches, 210

William I., 4, 81

William II., and Westminster Hall, 60, 61, 65 _note^3_

William III., reign, 8, 14, 55; the Party principle, 14; Cabinets, 83; statutes of, 123; bills quashed, 248; newspapers, 278

William IV., 33, _note^2_, 197; Chancellors, 118; the King's Speech, 156

Williams, Bishop, 104

Williams, John, pilloried, 66

Wilmington, Lord, 133, 143, 167

Winchelsea, Lord, duel, 201

Winchester, 60

Windham, 178

Windsor, 66

Windsor Royal Park, 132

Wingfield, 197

Winnington, on the freedom of the Press, 281

Witan, the, 2

Witenagemot, 2, 39, 81; property qualification, 4; presence of women, 268 _note^2_

Wolsey, Cardinal, 53, 104; appearance in the Commons, 189

PRINTED BY

WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED,

LONDON AND BECCLES.

* * * * *

Transcriber's note:

Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_).

Small capital text has been replaced with all capitals.

The carat character (^) indicates that the following number is superscripted (example: note^1).

Variations in spelling, punctuation and hyphenation have been retained except in obvious cases of typographical error.

The illustrations have been moved so that they do not break up paragraphs.

Page 87: "many eminent Englishmen enchance its value" The transcriber has replaced "enchance" with "enhance".

Page 91: The transcriber has inserted an anchor which was missing for footnote 134.

Page 143: "a small bob-wig in place of that luxuriant full-buttomed affair" "Full-buttomed" has been replaced with "full-bottomed".

End of Project Gutenberg's The Mother of Parliaments, by Harry Graham