Part 4

And now, fearing that I have already trespassed too long on your time and forbearance, it only remains for me to thank you for the kind reception you have accorded me, and to express the belief that, although the barque which we have so successfully launched will probably meet with the usual amount of storms and difficulties, still the old proverbial “long pull and a strong pull and a pull all together,” in which you are so able and willing to join, will carry it securely through the many undercurrents and quicksands which may threaten it on its course, and secure what we all so ardently hope for—a useful, as well as a long and prosperous career, for the Midland Branch of the British Dental Association.

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Mr. MAHONIE (Sheffield), moved a vote of thanks to the President for his able and eloquent address, and in doing so, said that when the Association was weak, Mr. Campion had come to their aid in a very courteous manner, and they were now asked to give him their heartiest thanks for the paper which they had just heard read. The paper was one which would last more than a year. It was very instructive, and he (Mr. Mahonie) thought that Mr. Campion was eminently capable of giving them instructions in the way of Dental Reform. He moved “That the best thanks of this meeting be given to the President of the Midland Counties Branch of the British Dental Association, for the able and eloquent paper which he had just read.”

Mr. W. H. Nicol (Leeds), seconded the motion in suitable terms.

Dr. W. H. Waite in supporting the motion, said that it was a very great privilege for them to have such a President as they had in Mr. Campion. His wisdom had been of great service in superintending the efforts which the Executive have had to put forth. They had been delighted that morning with the interesting and instructive address which Mr. Campion had given them, but most of all with the very high and generous tone that breathed throughout the whole of the address, and he (Dr. Waite) thought Mr. Campion had struck a key-note which, when the address came to be printed, would vibrate not only throughout the Midland Counties of England, but through every country where the Dental profession was carried on. The motion was carried with much enthusiasm, and the meeting then adjourned till the afternoon.

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The Members assembled in the Memorial Hall at 2.30 p.m., Mr. Campion in the chair.

The PRESIDENT stated that some idea had been started of bringing specimens to the meeting, and in order to show what curiosities might be casually collected, he offered a few specimens to the notice of the Members.

Mr. ROFF KING, Shrewsbury, then read a paper on “Modelling and Modelling Composition.”

Mr. J. S. CRAPPER (Hanley) read a paper, entitled “New Ideas in Mechanical Dentistry,” and exhibited specimens of teeth which had been manufactured by a new process and sent to him to exhibit.

The SECRETARY read a paper received from Mr. F. Richardson, Derby—“Has Vaccination any Effect on the Degeneration of the Teeth?”

Mr. H. MARSH (Manchester) read a paper on the “Use of Nitrous Oxide Gas.”

Mr. MURPHY desired to ask the Chairman whether Licentiates in Dental Surgery were legally responsible if a patient expired whilst under the influence of the nitrous oxide gas, or subsequently to the administration.

In the discussion which followed, there appeared to be a unanimous opinion amongst those present that Licentiates were not responsible, but that it would be impossible to define such a position.

The SECRETARY read a letter from Mr. Kyan of Preston, in which that gentleman expressed his regret at his inability to be present, and hoped the Members would have a successful meeting.

Mr. RENSHAW moved a vote of thanks to those gentlemen who had furnished them with such interesting and instructive papers.

Dr. D. A. WORMALD, in seconding the resolution, said they could, with a little energy and support, make that Society very successful, and as a representative body on behalf of their profession in the Midland Counties, they could maintain such a position that it would become an honour to belong to it.

The CHAIRMAN remarked that it was no light work to prepare such papers as they had heard read; much time and trouble must have been spent in the digest of the various subjects. He gave the hearty thanks of the meeting to the contributors of those papers.

The resolution was carried unanimously.

Mr. Major STEWART proposed a vote of thanks to Mr. Campion for presiding.

Mr. KING seconded the motion, which was carried unanimously.

The CHAIRMAN (Mr. Campion) returned his best thanks for the kind reception and assistance the Members had rendered him whilst in the chair.

THE DINNER.

In the evening a dinner was held at the Queen’s Hotel, Mr. Campion presiding, Mr. Major Stewart in the vice-chair.

The CHAIRMAN proposed the health of “The Queen and the rest of the Royal Family.”

Mr. MAHONIE then gave a recitation from Shakespeare.

Mr. Major STEWART in rising to propose the toast of the President of the branch said—It is my pleasing duty as your Vice-President to propose this toast. I find our worthy Chairman took his M.R.C.S. degree in 1856, I therefore regard him as the father of the profession in this district of England; those who were present this morning heard his inaugural address. Those words were words of wisdom, and were addressed not only to the older, but also to the younger members of our Branch Association. His address will be read with pleasure by members of our profession in England and America. With regard to the chairmanship of this branch, I think it would have been wise if Mr. Campion had been elected for three years, until we were more consolidated. I am glad to see so many members from this district present this evening, and will now conclude by asking you to drink a bumper to the long life and successful career of our Chairman. The toast was accepted most loyally.

The CHAIRMAN in responding said, gentlemen, you must have listened to my voice sufficiently to-day—this is my last appearance before you this session. Our Secretary has promised to allow me to enjoy myself, _otium cum dignitate_, after I have returned my best thanks. It is with great diffidence I respond to this toast, I really feel the difficulty increased tenfold by the kind manner in which you, sir, have proposed, and my friends accepted this toast. One word in regard to sub-branches—I can see no reason why such large towns as Liverpool and Manchester should not establish sub-branches; frequent meetings, say once a month, could be held for an exchange of thoughts and methods of operation in our department of Surgery, in which we are all interested; so constituted, they would be private societies, to which any member of our branch might be admitted. The great event of the next year will be the meeting of the International Medical Congress, held in London during August. This Congress has held its meetings every alternate year for the last twelve years. The London members of the Medical profession have taken it up very warmly, and are making preparations, which must result in giving the Congress such a reception as will be worthy of our capital.

The President of the Dental section is Mr. Edwin Saunders, whilst the Vice-Presidents are Mr. John Tomes, and Mr. Spence Bate, Mr. C. S. Tomes acts as Secretary, to all of whom we are much indebted for their untiring efforts in raising our department of Surgery to its present position. I trust that our branch will be well represented at this Congress.

Another subject I will broach is the establishment of a Dental School in Manchester. If such a school is formed it should be in concert with the Manchester Medical School at the New Victoria University. When the charter was first granted for the formation of a university, a medical school was not included, but there appears very little doubt that in the course of time such school will be established; let us then wait patiently until we can thoroughly and efficiently carry out such an undertaking.

I am sorry I cannot introduce you to a Dental hospital; this is to be deplored, more especially as we took a prominent part in Dental reform for the good of Dental practitioners. If younger and more able men will commence the work, they shall receive my heartiest support and co-operation. I must now conclude by expressing regret that I have not the gift of speech, that I might explain to you the warm feelings I have in regard to the reception you have given me, and the kind manner in which you have drunk my health.

Dr. D. A. WORMALD sang “The Spinning Wheel.”

Dr. WORMALD, in proposing “The British Dental Association,” said: Mr. President, and gentlemen, this toast is one, I am sure, you will drink with the utmost cordiality. Those who sit round this board, and have taken a part during the past few years in the politics of our profession, must experience a feeling of congratulation that we are able to meet to-night, and realize the fact that at last we occupy a recognized position. We need re-organization, and we need a central body, and the British Dental Association is that recognized body, and demands our support and assistance. Well, join that Association, and do what you can to lift up the profession from the low level in which we have been placed, and raise it to a much higher level. We need, as your President so kindly put it this afternoon, a higher professional tone, and a more generous feeling towards our brethren; and that can only be obtained by coming more and more in contact with each other, and through the influence of such an organization as this we are met to commence, which will assist in placing our profession in a position which it should long ago have occupied. Many of those who are now in our ranks may not see the full result of our labours, but depend upon this, that our labours will be recognised in the great difference which will show itself more and more in this country between those who are worthily following their calling, and those who indulge in non-professional practices. The British Dental Association will become strong and durable, and then we may be sure that under the wisdom and the guidance of those who have piloted our steps so far, we may safely follow them wherever they lead, and so lay a foundation upon which the rising generation may build up their professional career, and help to raise the status of our profession. That profession is worthy of all the time and attention that any honourable gentleman will give it, if he will follow his calling worthily, and serving the interests of a suffering public. In connection with this toast, Mr. Chairman, my friend Dr. Waite, will have the pleasure of responding, and I have the greatest pleasure in coupling his name with it.

Dr. WAITE responding, said, Mr. President, Mr. Vice-President, and gentlemen, it is to me both a pleasure and a pride to be permitted to respond to the toast of the “British Dental Association.” I am not much of a believer in post-prandial oratory. The period of replenishment for the physical energies, should be a period of repose for the energies intellectual, or perhaps better still, a time of refreshment, by agreeable and amusing conversation. That Englishmen should be fond of dining together, is natural and characteristic; that they should be almost equally prone to after dinner speechifying is somewhat surprising. It is well, however, when the usages imposed by custom can be observed, without making a too serious demand upon our drowsy powers, and fortunately we have a condition of things existing at the present time which, when fairly estimated, is calculated to awaken agreeable reflections, and inspire us with salutary hopes.

Within the short space of five years, events have occurred with astonishing rapidity, that have substantially and permanently altered the position of the Dental profession, not alone in its relation to the general public, but also in its internal organisation, and the mutual relation of individuals to the whole body. These events may be classified in three distinct items, and in each we shall find elements of progress largely preponderating. First of all, most of you will recall the feeling which prevailed when the idea of obtaining an Act of Parliament was invoked at the Manchester meeting of 1875—it was not regarded exactly as an utopian idea, but certainly we felt it to be something almost too good to hope for. Well, in less than three years from that time the Dentists Act was passed, and now, after two years experience and consideration, we are able to discover what it is we have obtained, though it is all too soon as yet, to realise (except very partially) the practical benefits the Act is destined to confer. This much, however, we know. We have a legal status. We have legal rights and privileges. We are admitted to the fellowship of the honourable and learned professions. These three points are assured, and we should see to it, that we interpose no barrier of professional character or conduct between ourselves and the privileges our Act bestows. We know, moreover, that there are secured for those who will come after us, more substantial benefits of education, of practice, of public appreciation, such as none of us have been permitted to enjoy. This is the characteristic feature of the Dentists Act. Its noblest provisions are for posterity. No change, nor circumstance, can deprive any who have assisted in passing this Act, of the pure satisfaction of knowing that they have helped to hand on the profession of Dental Surgery in a far better condition than that in which they received it. Many have contributed in various ways, whose share in the work will be forgotten, but the work remains. Identified with the whole of the movement, the names of Tomes and Turner will be preserved and revered for many, many years, yet withal the abundant reasons for personal gratification which those gentlemen have, I am sure they rejoice a thousand fold more over the results achieved, than they do at any honour or advantage accruing to themselves. Take it as it stands, acknowledging its few imperfections, and recognising its many decided benefits, we have as good an Act as we had any right to expect, and as good as it was possible for us to get.

One of the hindrances to Dental advancement has hitherto been the scarcity of educational facilities, and the small proportion of practitioners who possessed any Dental qualification. At the time to which reference has already been made, there were only some 300 gentlemen in the whole of Great Britain who held a Dental diploma. There was only one licensing body in the country which granted Dental certificates. Now we have 630 gentlemen holding recognised Dental qualifications, viz., of London about 400, Edinburgh 16, Dublin 180, Glasgow 33, and the three last mentioned bodies are offering to gentlemen in practice, the opportunity of examination, _sine curriculo_, upon thoroughly reasonable and accessible terms. Not only so, the Colleges of Ireland and Scotland have caused their certificates to possess a peculiar value, in the careful provision they have made, for preventing unprofessional practices on the part of their licentiates.

I am certainly astonished that the number of practitioners who have already availed themselves of these facilities is so small. I know that this matter of obtaining a Qualification is regarded variously by different persons, but nothing is more certain than the growing tendency toward accredited qualification as indispensable to professional status; the public are rapidly becoming aware (and it is our business to educate the public in this matter) that the operations of Dental Surgery cannot be safely entrusted to uneducated heads or hands, and as a guarantee of something like the necessary knowledge and skill, the public are beginning to understand the value of a purely Dental Qualification. The larger the number of Licentiates the more quickly the public will be taught, and ere long the unqualified Dentist will become a mere historic fact.

The all important feature of recent progress is the British Dental Association. The Dental body has been afflicted with inherent weakness through the want of organisation, a weakness that paralyses, and at the same time, a weakness endowed with remarkable power, the power of successfully defeating efforts toward general reformation. So long as we were isolated and detached it is not wonderful that we were selfish and afraid of one another, but a new era has dawned. We have an Association to which all are eligible, where all can meet on the common ground of professional brotherhood and intercourse. The control of the Association, embracing the future welfare of the whole body, is committed to a Board constituted on a representative basis. None need be excluded from participation, save by their own poverty of professional spirit, a poverty exhibited alike by persistent recourse to unprofessional practice, and by selfish indifference to professional politics. There may be a kind of superiority in having a large practice, or in holding a high scientific position, but unless I am greatly mistaken the true superiority is that which overleaps all selfish considerations, and delights in consecrating whatever power or position we may have to the elevation and improvement of the whole profession. Thank God we have men who have been inspired with a large measure of true professional spirit. Men who could think for themselves and hold their own opinions, but who at the same time have been large-hearted enough to merge minor differences in the pursuit of one grand object. Such men as Edwin Saunders, John Tomes, J. Smith-Turner, T. A. Rogers, A. Coleman, Dr. Walker, our esteemed President, and many others, stand forth as examples of _true_ as distinct from _sham_ superiority.

The facilities now afforded by our separate branches have removed the excuse so often urged when all the meetings took place in London, and there is practically no obstacle to our speedy improvement. We possess advantages of a political nature quite equal to those existing in any kindred profession.

These are the bare facts of the present time; they furnish material for much thankfulness and for cheerful anticipation. They are the foundation on which our future must be erected. What that future is to be depends on what we mean to be. The scaffolding is up, the materials are ready. Willing hearts and willing hands are needed to complete the edifice. There is a sublime principle working through the whole human family, the operation of which no individual can withstand. It was formulated by the Founder of the grandest system the world has ever known, and this is the formula—

“Whosoever would be chief among you, let him be your servant.”

Mr. MAHONIE, in proposing the toast of “Sir John Lubbock, and the promoters of the Dentists Act,” said:—No words of mine can add additional lustre to the names—Sir John Lubbock, Mr. John Tomes, Mr. James Smith Turner. These men have earned a name for themselves which neither crayons nor oils—not even if they were placed in cathedral aisles—could add more; these men have laboured much—laboured hard; I beg to propose their health.

Captain ROGERS, in responding, spoke of the great triumph Sir John Lubbock had accomplished in passing Bills connected with science, this Parliament. He had great pleasure in thanking them for the hearty manner in which they had received the names of these gentlemen connected with Dental Reform.

Mr T MURPHY in proposing the “Manchester School of Medicine” said:—I have had put into my hands a toast to propose, which is so intimately connected with our branch of the profession, that it will require no eulogy on my part for it to be received with acclamation, I mean the Manchester Royal School of Medicine. Perhaps it will not be out of place if I give you a short outline of its history. It was founded by the late Mr. T. Turner in the year 1824; it was known for many years as the Pine Street School. In 1850 a second school was established, and being connected as I then was with a hospital in this city, I can well remember the jealousy there was about the subjects that were sent out; first one school and then another complaining that they were not getting their fair share, and I must admit that the leaning was towards the old school, which I think got, on the whole, rather more than its share. In 1858 the founders of the rival schools came to the conclusion that the interests of the students would be best promoted by an amalgamation, forgetting their differences and working together for the common weal. In this way, from the Union of the Pine Street and Chatham Street Schools, that school arose which has been long known as the Manchester School of Medicine. For sixteen years the work was carried on in Faulkden Street with difficulty both with regard to accommodation and light. About the year 1872, a meeting of the Owen’s College authorities met the leading Members of the medical staff, and it was agreed that it would be for the welfare of the School if it were handed over to the Owen’s College authorities. The result has been the erection of one of the finest Medical Schools in the kingdom, replete with everything necessary for the study of medicine. The course of instruction not only enables students to qualify for College and Hall, but affords the more aspiring every facility for qualifying themselves for the higher distinctions of their profession. When I mention the names of Turner, Jordan, Wilson, Smith, Wilkinson, Bradley, Southam, and last, but not least, the celebrated Dalton, and others, who have gone; Gamgee, Watson, Williamson, Roscoe, Roberts, Morgan, Lund, Simpson, Ransome, and other able men, who are at present at the helm, can there be a doubt about the quality of the education given? and, in conclusion, is it too much to ask that before long we should have established in this city, and in connection with the Victoria University, a Dental School where we can send our sons to receive at the hands of these able men the necessary training to fit them for the practice of Dentistry.

Mr. MARSH returned thanks for the toast; he trusted some day Mr. Campion would be appointed Consulting Dental Surgeon to the Manchester School of Medicine.

Dr. WAITE proposed “Success to the Western Counties Association,” coupling with it the name of Mr. J. C. Parson, of Clifton.

Mr. PARSON having responded, the proceedings terminated.

Correspondence.

We do not hold ourselves responsible for the views expressed by our Correspondents.

MR. SEWILL ON DENTAL CARIES. TO THE EDITORS OF THE “MONTHLY REVIEW OF DENTAL SURGERY.”

SIRS,—While thanking you for your courteous notice of my contribution to the second edition of Dr. Fothergill’s work, permit me to point out that my contribution was not intended as an exhaustive discussion of the subject of dental caries. I was asked to write only upon the “Hygiene of the Teeth,” and to indicate to the medical practitioner the means available for the prevention of dental disease. In accordance with the scheme of the work it was requisite to explain the etiology and pathology of caries in order to make clear the _rationale_ of treatment, and therefore, with brevity consistent with the limited space at my disposal, I did so, adopting mainly what is termed the “chemical” theory of the disease. This view, as you remark, is certainly “theoretical,” but I venture to say it approaches as nearly to demonstration as need be. I certainly do not hesitate to accept it as fact, and I felt more bound to adopt it in the present instance, seeing, at least, that upon this theory both the prophylaxis of caries as well as our treatment of the disease seem based.