PART VII

METRICS

I. THE STUDY OF METRICS IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS 383 Stanza and line 384 Rhyme 384 Tonic accents (stresses) 385 Parisyllabic lines 386 Imparisyllabic lines 388 The cæsura 391 Metrical analyses 392 Translator's note on English metrics 395 Material for nomenclature 404

APPENDIX I 409

APPENDIX II 423

ILLUSTRATIONS

FACING PAGE The first Montessori Elementary Class in America _Frontispiece_

One of the first steps in grammar 24

Grammar Boxes, showing respectively two and three parts of speech 25

Grammar Boxes, showing respectively four and five parts of speech 78

Grammar Boxes, showing respectively six and seven parts of speech 79

Grammar Boxes, showing respectively eight and nine parts of speech 114

The children working at their various occupations in complete freedom 115

Interpreted reading: "Smile and clap your hands" 174

Interpreted reading: "Take off your hat and make a low bow" 175

Interpreted reading: "Whisper to him" 188

Interpreting the pose and expression of a picture 189

Interpreted reading: "She was sleepy; she leaned her arms on the table, her head on her arms, and went to sleep" 200

Exercises in interpreted reading and in arithmetic 201

The bead material used for addition and subtraction 214

Counting and calculating by means of the bead chains 214

The bead chain, square, and cube 215

The first bead frame 215

The second counting-frame used in arithmetic 226

Working out problems in seven figures 227

Solving a problem in long division 238

Bead squares and cubes; and the arithmetic-board for multiplication and division 239

The bead number cubes built into a tower 282

The decagon and the rectangle composed of the same triangular insets 283

The triangular insets fitted into their metal plates 283

Showing that the two rhomboids are equal to the two rectangles 288

Showing that the two rhomboids are equal to the two squares 289

Hollow geometric solids 296

Designs formed by arranging sections of the insets within the frames 297

Making decorative designs with the aid of geometric insets 312

Water-color paintings from nature 313

The monocord 334

Material for indicating the intervals of the major scale 334

The music bars 335

The children using the music bells and the wooden keyboards 352

Analyzing the beat of a measure while walking on a line 353