CHAPTER XXVII
THE COMING OF ELECTRICITY 432
Electric street cars--Suburban cars--Electric third-rail from Utica to Syracuse--Some railroads partially adopt electric power--The benefit of electric power in tunnels--Also at terminal stations--Conditions which make electric traction practical and economical--Hopeful outlook for electric traction--The monorail and the gyroscope car, invented by Louis Brennan--A similar invention by August Scherl.
APPENDIX 449
Efficiency through Organization.
INDEX 465
ILLUSTRATIONS
PAGE
Ready for the day's run _Frontispiece_
An early locomotive built by William Norris for the Philadelphia & Reading Railroad 18
The historic "John Bull" of the Camden & Amboy Railroad--and its train 18
A heavy-grade type of locomotive built for the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad in 1864. Its flaring stack was typical of those years 19
Construction engineers blaze their way across the face of new country 38
The making of an embankment by dump-train 39
"Small temporary railroads peopled with hordes of restless engines" 39
Cutting a path for the railroad through the crest of the high hills 44
A giant fill--in the making 44
The finishing touches to the track 45
This machine can lay a mile of track a day 45
"Sometimes the construction engineer ... brings his line face to face with a mountain" 52
Finishing the lining of a tunnel 52
The busiest tunnel point in the world--at the west portals of the Bergen tunnels, six Erie tracks below, four Lackawanna above 53
The Hackensack portals of the Pennsylvania's great tunnels under New York City 53
Concrete affords wonderful opportunities for the bridge-builders 68
The Lackawanna is building the largest concrete bridge in the world across the Delaware River at Slateford, Pa. 68
The bridge-builder lays out an assembling-yard for gathering together the different parts of his new construction 69
The new Brandywine Viaduct of the Baltimore & Ohio, at Wilmington, Del. 69
The Northwestern's monumental new terminal on the West Side of Chicago 82
The Union Station at Washington 83
A model American railroad station--the Union Station of the New York Central, Boston & Albany, Delaware & Hudson, and West Shore railroads at Albany 102
The classic portal of the Pennsylvania's new station in New York 102
The beautiful concourse of the new Pennsylvania Station, in New York 103
"The waiting-room is the monumental and artistic expression of the station"--the waiting-room of the Union Depot at Troy, New York 103
Something over a million dollars' worth of passenger cars are constantly stored in this yard 114
A scene in the great freight-yards that surround Chicago 114
The intricacy of tracks and the "throat" of a modern terminal yard: South Station, Boston, and its approaches 115
One of the "diamond-stack" locomotives used on the Pennsylvania Railroad in the early seventies 126
Prairie type passenger locomotive of the Lake Shore Railroad 126
Pacific type passenger locomotive of the New York Central lines 126
Atlantic type passenger locomotive, built by the Pennsylvania Railroad at its Altoona shops 126
One of the great Mallet pushing engines of the Delaware & Hudson Company 127
A ten-wheeled switching locomotive of the Lake Shore Railroad 127
Suburban passenger locomotive of the New York Central lines 127
Consolidation freight locomotive of the Pennsylvania system 127
Where Harriman stretched the Southern Pacific in a straight line across the Great Salt Lake 140
Line revision on the New York Central--tunnelling through the bases of these jutting peaks along the Hudson River does away with sharp and dangerous curves 140
Impressive grade revision on the Union Pacific in the Black Hills of Wyoming. The discarded line may be seen at the right 141
The old and the new on the Great Northern--the "William Crooks," the first engine of the Hill system, and one of the newest Mallets 154
The Southern Pacific finds direct entrance into San Francisco for one of its branch lines by tunnels piercing the heart of the suburbs 155
Portal of the abandoned tunnel of the Alleghany Portage Railroad near Johnstown, Pa., the first railroad tunnel in the United States 155
The freight department of the modern railroad requires a veritable army of clerks 176
The farmer who sued the railroad for permanent injuries-- as the detectives with their cameras found him 177
Oil-burning locomotive on the Southern Pacific system 190
The steel passenger coach such as has become standard upon the American railroad 190
Electric car, generating its own power by a gasoline engine 190
Both locomotive and train--gasoline motor car designed for branch line service 190
The biggest locomotive in the world: built by the Santa Fe Railroad at its Topeka shops 191
The conductor is a high type of railroad employee 208
The engineer--oil-can in hand--is forever fussing at his machine 208
Railroad responsibility does not end even with the track walker 209
The fireman has a hard job and a steady one 209
How the real timetable of the division looks--the one used in headquarters 222
The electro-pneumatic signal-box in the control tower of a modern terminal 228
The responsible men who stand at the switch-tower of a modern terminal: a large tower of the "manual" type 228
"When winter comes upon the lines the superintendent will have full use for every one of his wits" 229
Watchful signals guarding the main line of a busy railroad 229
"When the train comes to a water station the fireman gets out and fills the tank" 248
A freight-crew and its "hack" 248
A view through the span of a modern truss bridge gives an idea of its strength and solidity 249
The New York Central is adopting the new form of "Upper quadrant" signal 249
The wrecking train ready to start out from the yard 262
"Two of these great cranes can grab a wounded Mogul locomotive and put her out of the way" 262
"The shop-men form no mean brigade in this industrial army of America" 263
"Winter days when the wind-blown snow forms mountains upon the tracks" 272
"The despatcher may have come from some lonely country station" 273
"The superintendent is not above getting out and bossing the wrecking-gang once in a great while" 273
The New York Central Railroad is building a new Grand Central Station in New York City, for itself and its tenant, the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad 284
The concourse of the new Grand Central Station, New York, will be one of the largest rooms in the world 284
South Station, Boston, is the busiest railroad terminal in the world 285
The train-shed and approach tracks of Broad Street Station, Philadelphia, still one of the finest of American railroad passenger terminals 285
Connecting drawing-room and stateroom 296
"A man may have as fine a bed in a sleeping-car as in the best hotel in all the land" 296
"You may have the manicure upon the modern train" 297
"The dining-car is a sociable sort of place" 297
An interior view of one of the earliest Pullman sleeping-cars 302
Interior of a standard sleeping-car of to-day 303
"Even in winter there is a homely, homey air about the commuter's station" 314
Entrance to the great four-track open cut which the Erie has built for the commuter's comfort at Jersey City 314
A model way-station on the lines of the Boston & Albany Railroad 315
The yardmaster's office--in an abandoned switch-tower 315
"The inside of any freight-house is a busy place" 328
St. John's Park, the great freight-house of the New York Central Railroad in down-town New York 328
The great ore-docks of the West Shore Railroad at Buffalo 329
The great bridge of the New York Central at Watkins Glen 340
Building the wonderful bridge of the Idaho & Washington Northern over the Pend Oreille River, Washington 341
Inside the West Albany shops of the New York Central: picking up a locomotive with the travelling crane 350
A locomotive upon the testing-table at the Altoona shops of the Pennsylvania 350
"The roundhouse is a sprawling thing" 351
Denizens of the roundhouse 351
"In the Far West the farm-train has long since come into its own" 360
"Even in New York State the interest in these itinerant agricultural schools is keen, indeed" 361
Interior of the dairy demonstration car of an agricultural train 361
The famous Thomas Viaduct, on the Baltimore & Ohio at Relay, Md., built by B. H. Latrobe in 1835, and still in use 366
The historic Starucca Viaduct upon the Erie 366
The cylinders of the Delaware & Hudson Mallet 367
The interior of this gasoline-motor-car on the Union Pacific presents a most unusual effect, yet a maximum of view of the outer world 367
A portion of the great double-track Susquehanna River bridge of the Baltimore & Ohio--a giant among American railroad bridges 372
"In summer the brakemen have pleasant enough times of railroading" 373
A famous cantilever rapidly disappearing--the substitution of a new Kentucky river bridge for the old, on the Queen & Crescent system 373
Triple-phase, alternating current locomotive built by the General Electric Co. for use in the Cascade Tunnel, of the Great Northern Railway 390
Heavy service, alternating and direct current freight locomotive built by the Westinghouse Company for the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad 390
The monoroad in practical use for carrying passengers at City Island, New York 391
The cigar-shaped car of the monoroad 391
A modern railroad freight and passenger terminal: the terminal of the West Shore Railroad at Weehawken, opposite New York City 406
High-speed, direct-current passenger locomotive built by the General Electric Company for terminal service of the New York Central at the Grand Central Station 407
This is what New York Central McCrea did for the men of the Canadian Pacific up at Kenora 420
A clubhouse built by the Southern Pacific for its men at Roseville, California 420
The B. & O. boys enjoying the Railroad Y. M. C. A., Chicago Junction 421
"The Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company has organized a brass band for its employees" 421
A high-speed electric locomotive on the Pennsylvania bringing a through train out of the tunnel underneath the Hudson River and into the New York City terminal 434
High-speed, direct-current locomotive built by the Westinghouse Company for the terminal service of the Pennsylvania Railroad, in New York 434
Two triple-phase locomotives of the Great Northern Railway helping a double-header steam train up the grade into the Cascade Tunnel 435
The outer shell of the New Haven's freight locomotive removed, showing the working parts of the machine 435
_The railroad is a monster. His feet are dipped into the navigable seas, and his many arms reach into the uplands. His fingers clutch the treasures of the hills--coal, iron, timber--all the wealth of Mother Earth. His busy hands touch the broad prairies of corn, wheat, fruits--the yearly produce of the land. With ceaseless activity he brings the raw material that it may be made into the finished. He centralizes industry. He fills the ships that sail the seas. He brings the remote town in quick touch with the busy city. He stimulates life. He makes life._
_His arms stretch through the towns and over the land. His steel muscles reach across great rivers and deep valleys, his tireless hands have long since burrowed their way through God's eternal hills. He is here, there, everywhere. His great life is part and parcel of the great life of the nation._
_He reaches an arm into an unknown country, and it is known! Great tracts of land that were untraversed become farms; hillsides yield up their mineral treasure; a busy town springs into life where there was no habitation of man a little time before, and the town becomes a city. Commerce is born. The railroad bids death and stagnation begone. It creates. It reaches forth with its life, and life is born._
_The railroad is life itself!_
THE MODERN RAILROAD