The modern packing house

Introduction and Growth -- Concentration -- Early Methods -- Yankee Ingenuity -- Chicago Yards -- Movement Westward -- Economic Factors -- Saving By-Products -- Pioneer’s Troubl...

Description of Plants -- Plant No. 1 -- Plant No. 2 -- Plant No. 3 -- Plant No. 4 -- Type of Plant -- Loading Facilities -- Producing Department -- Abbatoir Building -- Renderin...

Ammonia Machines -- Ammonia -- Compressor -- Condenser -- Receiver -- Cooler -- Condensing Water -- Unit Basis -- Computing from Unit Basis -- How Rated -- Freezer Requirements...

Refrigeration -- Necessities -- Ice Plants -- Natural Ice -- Chilling -- Quantity Refrigeration to Provide -- Space Per Ton Machine -- Machinery Per Head -- For Cooled Meats --...

Steam Making Equipment -- Uses of Pumps -- Types of Pumps -- Pumps for Brine -- Water Supply -- Pumps for Wells -- Water Distribution Systems -- Pumps for Boiler Feeding -- Heat...

Meat Chilling -- Dividing Beef Coolers -- Regular Temperatures -- Main Cooler -- Handling Beef -- Fore-Cooler -- Heavy Cattle -- Domestic Beef -- Trimming of Beef -- Skirt Trimm...

Warehouse Design -- Floor Area -- Fire Proof Buildings -- Floor Construction -- Coolers -- Fan and Ventilation -- Spray System -- Galvanized Sheet Iron Pipes -- Coil Rooms -- Qu...

Receiving Live Stock -- Watering -- Driving Cattle -- Knocking Cattle -- Sticking -- Heading -- Pritch Sticks -- Foot Skinning -- Ripping and Leg Breaking -- Flooring Cattle --...

Yields of Cattle -- Yield from Twenty-two Native Cattle -- Yield from Fifty-nine Texas Cattle -- Yield from Twenty Heavy Cattle -- Yield from Thirty-four Cattle -- Percentage of...

Green Hides -- Condition -- Scores -- Prod Pole Damage -- Clean Floors -- Leather Yields -- Pattern -- Proper Storage for Hides -- Grading -- Grubs in Hides -- Salt to Be Used -...

Fats -- Origin of Butterine -- Oleo Oil -- Oleo Fats -- Selection and Care -- Cleanliness and Collection -- Chilling Fat -- Cooling Water -- Melting -- Settling the Oil -- Clari...

Bone Department -- Hard Bone -- Glue Bone -- Bone Products -- Horns -- Manufactured Articles -- Skulls -- Test Yield from Skulls and Feet -- Buttocks and Thighs -- Blades and Ri...

Tank House Design -- Isolation and Ventilation -- Separation of Press Room -- Digesters -- Rendering Tank -- Surface Box -- Press and Pump -- Cooking Killing Stock -- Operating...

Soil Fertility -- Animal Feeding -- Tank Water -- Separation of Solids -- Collecting Grease -- Testing Tank Water -- Evaporating Tank Water -- Description of Apparatus -- Cleani...

Fertilizer -- Blood -- Receiving Tank -- Cooking -- Pressing -- Purity -- Storing -- Quick Handling -- Tankage -- Quotations and Value -- Grease -- Influence of Stick -- Digeste...

Description of Beef Casings -- Round Casings, How Made -- Selection of Round Casings -- Export Casings -- Domestic Rounds -- Beef Middles -- Turning and Sliming -- Inspection an...

Beef Miscellaneous -- Livers -- Sweetbreads -- Beef Hearts -- Tails -- Weasand Meat -- Beef Tongues -- Washing -- Hanging -- Trimming -- Curing -- Freezing -- Surplus Rounds --...

Increased Production of Sheep -- Penning -- Dressing by Piece Method -- String Gang -- Sheep Ring -- Sheep Dressing -- Legging -- Pelting -- Methods of Finishing -- Washing and...

Historical -- Investment -- Hog Yarding -- Hog Dressing -- Hoisting -- Sticking -- Neck Washing -- Scalding -- Scraping Machines -- Hand Scraping -- Cleaning Bodies -- Ham Facin...

Hog Cutting -- Variety and Classes of Hogs -- Cutting Floor -- Pork Cuts -- Hams -- Side Meats -- Bellies -- Backs -- Loins -- Shoulders -- Butts and Plates -- Percentage of Yie...

Curing Cellars -- Hams and Their Treatment -- Wilder Hams -- Shoulder Meats -- Bellies -- Overhauling Meats -- Fancy Bacon -- Shipping Ages -- Second Pickle -- Dry Salt Meats --...

Historical -- Quantity and Quality -- Neutral Lard -- Kettle Rendered Lard -- Prime Steam Lard -- Refined Lard -- Bleaching Lard -- Filter Press -- Lard Roll -- Lard Packing --...

Meats and Handling -- Arrangement of Department -- Curing Meats -- Cooler for Ground Meats -- Grinding and Stuffing Room -- Smoke House -- Cook Room -- Dry Hanging Room -- Coole...

Ingredients -- Colors -- Equipment -- Rooms -- Arrangement -- Testing Milk -- Acidity -- Milk in Butterine -- Reasons for Culture -- Cream Ripeness -- Water vs. Brine -- Milk No...

INTRODUCTION AND GROWTH -- CONCENTRATION -- EARLY METHODS -- YANKEE INGENUITY -- CHICAGO YARDS -- MOVEMENT WESTWARD -- ECONOMIC FACTORS -- SAVING BY-PRODUCTS -- PIONEER’S TROUBL...

_First._--Location as to a live stock supply. Pioneers in foreign lands looking for a cheap supply must take into consideration the quantity immediately available, the probabili...

DESCRIPTION OF PLANTS -- PLANT NO. 1 -- PLANT NO. 2 -- PLANT NO. 3 -- PLANT NO. 4 -- TYPE OF PLANT -- LOADING FACILITIES -- PRODUCING DEPARTMENT -- ABBATOIR BUILDING -- RENDERIN...

AMMONIA MACHINES -- AMMONIA -- COMPRESSOR -- CONDENSER -- RECEIVER -- COOLER -- CONDENSING WATER -- UNIT BASIS -- COMPUTING FROM UNIT BASIS -- HOW RATED -- FREEZER REQUIREMENTS...

=Refrigeration.=--This word covers the “bugbear” and the “solace” of the packers. No other one thing is of so much importance. Since the abolishment of the use of chemicals, suc...

STEAM MAKING EQUIPMENT -- USES OF PUMPS -- TYPES OF PUMPS -- PUMPS FOR BRINE -- WATER SUPPLY -- PUMPS FOR WELLS -- WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS -- PUMPS FOR BOILER FEEDING -- HEAT...

MEAT CHILLING -- DIVIDING BEEF COOLERS -- REGULAR TEMPERATURES -- MAIN COOLER -- HANDLING BEEF -- FORE-COOLER -- HEAVY CATTLE -- DOMESTIC BEEF -- TRIMMING OF BEEF -- SKIRT TRIMM...

WAREHOUSE DESIGN -- FLOOR AREA -- FIRE PROOF BUILDINGS -- FLOOR CONSTRUCTION -- COOLERS -- FAN AND VENTILATION -- SPRAY SYSTEM -- GALVANIZED SHEET IRON PIPES -- COIL ROOMS -- QU...

RECEIVING LIVE STOCK -- WATERING -- DRIVING CATTLE -- KNOCKING CATTLE -- STICKING -- HEADING -- PRITCH STICKS -- FOOT SKINNING -- RIPPING AND LEG BREAKING -- FLOORING CATTLE --...

YIELDS OF CATTLE -- YIELD FROM TWENTY-TWO NATIVE CATTLE -- YIELD FROM FIFTY-NINE TEXAS CATTLE -- YIELD FROM TWENTY HEAVY CATTLE -- YIELD FROM THIRTY-FOUR CATTLE -- PERCENTAGE OF...

The standard grades of straight cuts are No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3. Cuts that are too deficient in thickness and quality to be used on the butcher’s block, and which are consequent...

GREEN HIDES -- CONDITION -- SCORES -- PROD POLE DAMAGE -- CLEAN FLOORS -- LEATHER YIELDS -- PATTERN -- PROPER STORAGE FOR HIDES -- GRADING -- GRUBS IN HIDES -- SALT TO BE USED -...

FATS -- ORIGIN OF BUTTERINE -- OLEO OIL -- OLEO FATS -- SELECTION AND CARE -- CLEANLINESS AND COLLECTION -- CHILLING FAT -- COOLING WATER -- MELTING -- SETTLING THE OIL -- CLARI...

BONE DEPARTMENT -- HARD BONE -- GLUE BONE -- BONE PRODUCTS -- HORNS -- MANUFACTURED ARTICLES -- SKULLS -- TEST YIELD FROM SKULLS AND FEET -- BUTTOCKS AND THIGHS -- BLADES AND RI...

TANK HOUSE DESIGN -- ISOLATION AND VENTILATION -- SEPARATION OF PRESS ROOM -- DIGESTERS -- RENDERING TANK -- SURFACE BOX -- PRESS AND PUMP -- COOKING KILLING STOCK -- OPERATING...

SOIL FERTILITY -- ANIMAL FEEDING -- TANK WATER -- SEPARATION OF SOLIDS -- COLLECTING GREASE -- TESTING TANK WATER -- EVAPORATING TANK WATER -- DESCRIPTION OF APPARATUS -- CLEANI...

FERTILIZER -- BLOOD -- RECEIVING TANK -- COOKING -- PRESSING -- PURITY -- STORING -- QUICK HANDLING -- TANKAGE -- QUOTATIONS AND VALUE -- GREASE -- INFLUENCE OF STICK -- DIGESTE...

DESCRIPTION OF BEEF CASINGS -- ROUND CASINGS, HOW MADE -- SELECTION OF ROUND CASINGS -- EXPORT CASINGS -- DOMESTIC ROUNDS -- BEEF MIDDLES -- TURNING AND SLIMING -- INSPECTION AN...

BEEF MISCELLANEOUS -- LIVERS -- SWEETBREADS -- BEEF HEARTS -- TAILS -- WEASAND MEAT -- BEEF TONGUES -- WASHING -- HANGING -- TRIMMING -- CURING -- FREEZING -- SURPLUS ROUNDS --...

INCREASED PRODUCTION OF SHEEP -- PENNING -- DRESSING BY PIECE METHOD -- STRING GANG -- SHEEP RING -- SHEEP DRESSING -- LEGGING -- PELTING -- METHODS OF FINISHING -- WASHING AND...

HISTORICAL -- INVESTMENT -- HOG YARDING -- HOG DRESSING -- HOISTING -- STICKING -- NECK WASHING -- SCALDING -- SCRAPING MACHINES -- HAND SCRAPING -- CLEANING BODIES -- HAM FACIN...

HOG CUTTING -- VARIETY AND CLASSES OF HOGS -- CUTTING FLOOR -- PORK CUTS -- HAMS -- SIDE MEATS -- BELLIES -- BACKS -- LOINS -- SHOULDERS -- BUTTS AND PLATES -- PERCENTAGE OF YIE...

CURING CELLARS -- HAMS AND THEIR TREATMENT -- WILDER HAMS -- SHOULDER MEATS -- BELLIES -- OVERHAULING MEATS -- FANCY BACON -- SHIPPING AGES -- SECOND PICKLE -- DRY SALT MEATS --...

HISTORICAL -- QUANTITY AND QUALITY -- NEUTRAL LARD -- KETTLE RENDERED LARD -- PRIME STEAM LARD -- REFINED LARD -- BLEACHING LARD -- FILTER PRESS -- LARD ROLL -- LARD PACKING --...

=Smoking Meats.=--The smoking of meats is an ancient method of preserving for future use. In the smoking process which drys the meat and to some extent impregnates it, a preserv...

MEATS AND HANDLING -- ARRANGEMENT OF DEPARTMENT -- CURING MEATS -- COOLER FOR GROUND MEATS -- GRINDING AND STUFFING ROOM -- SMOKE HOUSE -- COOK ROOM -- DRY HANGING ROOM -- COOLE...

=Summer Sausage.=--Under the head of “Summer Sausage” we take up an entirely different article, a sausage that is dried and smoked (not cooked), during which time the ingredient...

INGREDIENTS -- COLORS -- EQUIPMENT -- ROOMS -- ARRANGEMENT -- TESTING MILK -- ACIDITY -- MILK IN BUTTERINE -- REASONS FOR CULTURE -- CREAM RIPENESS -- WATER VS. BRINE -- MILK NO...

=Specifications for Boxes.=--Of the many supplies needed about a packing house, one of the most important is boxes into which the finished products are packed ready for shipment...

=Why and How.=--The large packing houses are usually operated on a departmental basis, so that monthly or yearly, a balance can be drawn off showing the profit and loss of each...