CHAPTER IV.

GEOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION OF MANCHURIA, MONGOLIA, ÍLÍ, AND TIBET, 185-257

Foreign and Chinese notions of the land of Tartary, 185; Table of the Colonies, their subdivisions and governments, 186; Extent of Manchuria, 187; Its mountain ranges, 188; The Amur and its affluents, the Ingoda, Argun, Usuri, and Songari, 189; Natural resources of Manchuria, 191; The Province of Shingking, _ibid._; Its capital, Mukden, and other towns, 192; Climate of Manchuria, 195; The Province of Kirin, 196; The Province of Tsi-tsi-har, 198; Administration of government in Manchuria, 199; Extent of Mongolia, 200; Its climate and divisions, 201; Inner Mongolia, 202; Outer Mongolia, 204; Urga, its capital, _ibid._; Civilization and trade of the Mongols, 206; Kiakhta and Maimai chin, 207; The Province of Cobdo, 208; The Province of Koko-nor, or Tsing hai, 209; Its topography and productions, 211; Towns between Great Wall and Ílí, 213; Position and topography of Ílí, 215; Tien-shan Peh Lu, or Northern Circuit, 218; Kuldja, its capital, 219; Tien-shan Nan Lu, or Southern Circuit, 221; The Tarim Basin, _ibid._; Cities of the Southern Circuit, 224; Kashgar, town and government, 227; Yarkand, 229; The District of Khoten, 230; Administration of government in Ílí, 231; History and conquest of the country, 233; Tibet, its boundaries and names, 237; Topography of the province, 239; Its climate and productions, 241; The yak and wild animals, _ibid._; Divisions: Anterior and Ulterior Tibet, 244; H’lassa, the capital city, 245; Manning’s visit to the Dalai-lama, 246; Shigatsé, capital of Ulterior Tibet, 247; _Om mani padmí hum_, 249; Manners and customs in Tibet, 251; Language, 252; History, 254; Government, 255.