ii. 113

Luxeuil, i. 175-7

Lyons: Diet of the “Three Gauls” at, i. 30 Law studies at, ii. 250

Macrobius, _Saturnalia_ of, ii. 116 _and_ _n. 4_

Magic, i. =46-8=; ii. 500 _and_ _n. 1_

Majolus, Abbot of Cluny, i. 359

Manichaeism, i. =49=; ii. =44=, 283

Manny, Sir Walter, i. 552-4

Mapes (Map), Walter, i. =475=, 567; ii. 219 _n._

Marie, Countess, de Champagne, i. 566, 573, =576=

Marie de France, i. =566=, 567, 573; _Eliduc_ by, i. 571 _n. 2_

Marinus (hermit), i. 373

Marozia, i. 242

Marriage: Christian attitude toward, ii. 8; ecclesiastical view, ii. 529 Feudalism as affecting, i. 571, 586 German view of, ii. 30

Marsilius of Padua, ii. 277 _n. 2_

Martin, St., of Tours, i. 334; Life of, i. 52 and _n._, 84, 85 _n. 2_, =86=

Martyrs: Mediaeval view of, i. 483 Patristic attitude toward, i. 86

Mary, St., of Ognies, i. =462-3=; nature of visions of, i. 459

Massilia, i. 26

Mathematics: Bacon’s views on, ii. 499-500 Gerbert’s proficiency in, i. 282, =288=

Mathew Paris cited, ii. 487

Matthew of Vendome, _Ars versificatoria_ by, ii. 190 _and_ _n. 5_

Maurus, Rabanus, _see_ Rabanus

Mayors of the palace, i. 240

Mechthild of Magdeburg, i. 20, 345; ii. 365; Book of, i. 465 _and_ _n. 2_-70

Mediaeval thought: Abstractions, genius for, ii. 280 Characteristics of, i. 13 Commentaries characteristic of, ii. 390, 553 _n. 4_ Conflict inherent in, i. 22; ii. =293-4= Deference of, toward the past, i. 13; ii. 534 Emotionalizing by, of patristic Christianity, i. 345 Metalogics rather than metaphysics the final stage of, ii. 337 Moulding forces of, i. 3, 5, 12; ii. =293-4= Orthodox character of, ii. 283 _and_ _n._ Political theorizing, ii. 275 _seqq._ Problems of, origins of, ii. 294-5 Restatement and rearrangement of antique matter the work of, i. 13-15, =224=, 237, =292=, 342; ii. 297, 329, 341: Culmination of third stage in, ii. 394 Emotional transformations of the antique, i. 18 _seqq._ Intellectual transformations of the antique, i. 14 _seqq._ Salvation the main interest of, i. =58-9=, 334; ii. =296-7=, 300 Scholasticism, _see that heading_ Superstitions accepted by, i. 487 Symbolism the great influence in, ii. 43, 102, 365 Three stages of, ii. 329 _seqq._ Ultimate intellectual interests of, ii. 287 _seqq._

Medicine: Relics used in, i. 299 Smattering of, included in Arts course, ii. 250 Study of--in Italy, i. 250 _and_ _n. 4_, =251=; ii. 383 _n._ at Chartres, i. 299; ii. 372

Mendicant Orders, _see_ Dominican _and_ Franciscan

Merovingian Kingdom: Character of, i. 208 Church under, i. 194 Extent of, i. 210 _n. 3_ German conquests of, i. 121, 138

Merovingian period: Barbarism of, i. 9 Continuity of, with Carolingian, i. 210-12 King’s law in, ii. 247

Merovingians, estimate of, i. 195

Metaphor distinguished from allegory, ii. 41 _n._ (_See also_ Symbolism)

Metaphysics: Final stage of mediaeval development represented by, ii. 335-7 Logic, mediaeval, in relation to, ii. 334 Theology dissociated from, by Duns, ii. 510, 516, =517=

Michelangelo quoted, ii. 113

Middle Ages (_See also_ Mediaeval thought): Beginning of, i. 6 Extremes characteristic of, i. 355

Milan, lawyers in, ii. 251 _n. 2_

_Miles_, signification of word, i. 525-6 _and_ _n. 2_

_Minnelieder_, ii. 28-31

Minorites, i. 430 (_See also_ Franciscan Order)

Miracles (_See also_ Irrationality): Devil, concerned with, i. 488 _seqq._ _Nostre Dame, Miracles de_, i. 491-2 Patristic attitude toward, i. =85-6=, =100=, 182 Roman Empire aided by, belief as to, ii. 536 Salimbene’s instance of, i. 516 Universal acceptance of, i. =74=, 182 _Vitae sanctorum_ in regard to, i. 85 _and_ _n. 2_

Mithraism, i. 49

Modena (Mutina), i. 24

Modi, ii. 215-16

Monasteries: Immunities granted to, i. 523 _and_ _n._ _Regula_ of, meaning of, ii. 62

Monasticism (_For particular Monasteries, Orders, etc., see their names_): Abuses of, i. 357-8; Rigaud’s _Register_ quoted, i. 477-481 Benedictine rule: Adoption of--in England, i. 184; among the Franks, i. 199, 201; generally, i. 358 Papal approval of, i. 335 Cassiodorus a pioneer in literary functions of, i. 94 General mediaeval view regarding, i. =472=; ii. 529 Ideal _v._ actual, i. 355 Ireland, in, i. 135 _n. 1_ Lament over deprivations of, ii. 218-19 Modifications of, by St. Francis, i. 366 Motives of, i. 357 Nature of, i. 336-7 Nuns, _see_ Women--monastic life Origin of, i. 335 Pagan literature condemned by, i. 260 Popularity of, in 5th and 6th centuries, i. 195-6 Poverty--of monks, i. 365; of Orders, i. 366, =425=, =430= Reforms of, i. 358 _seqq._ Schools, monastic, in Italy, i. 250 _n. 2_ Sex-relations as regarded by, i. 338 Studies of, in 6th cent., i. 94, 95 Subordinate monasteries, supervision of, i. 361 Uncloistered, _see_ Dominican _and_ Franciscan _Vita activa_ accepted by, i. 363-6 _Vita contemplativa_, _see that title_ Women vilified by devotees of, i. =354 n.=, 521 _n. 2_, 532, =533=; ii. 58

Montanists, 332

Monte Cassino, i. 250 _n. 2_, 252-3

Montfort, Countess of, i. 552-4

Moorish conquest of Spain, i. 9, 118

Morimond monastery, i. 362

Mosaics, i. 345-7

Music: Arithmetic in relation to, ii. 291 Chartres studies in, i. 299 Poetry and, interaction of, ii. 195-=6=, =201-2= Scholastic classification of, ii. 313

Mysticism: Hugo’s strain of, ii. 361-3 Nature of, i. 443 _n. 1_; ii. =363 and n. 4= Symbolism as expressing, _see_ Symbolism

Narbo, i. 26

Narbonensis, _see_ Provincia

Narbonne, law studies at, ii. 250

Natural history and science, _see_ Physical science

Nemorarius, Jordanus, ii. 501

Neo-Platonism: Arabian versions of Aristotle touched with, ii. 389 Augustinian, i. =55=; ii. 403 Christianity compared with, i. 51; Patristic habit of mind compared, ii. 295 Ecstasy as regarded by, i. 331 Metaphysics so named by, ii. 336 Pseudo-Dionysian, i. 54 _and_ _n. 1_ Tenets and nature of, i. 41-9; a mediatorial system, i. 50, 54, 57-8, 70 Trinity of, ii. 355

Neustria, i. 200, =209=, 239

_Nibelungenlied_, i. 145-6, =148-9=, 152, 193, 203 _n. 2_; ii. 220

Nicholas II., Pope, i. 243 _n. 2_

Nicholas III., Pope, i. 504

Nicholas IV., Pope (Jerome of Ascoli), ii. 491

Nicholas, St., sequence for festival of, ii. 213-15

Nicolas of Damascus, ii. 427

Nilus, St., Abbot of Crypta-Ferrata, i. 374 _n._

Nithard, Count, i. 234-5

Nominalism, i. 303

Norbert, ii. 344

Normandy, Norse occupation of, i. 153

Norsemen (Scandinavians, Vikings): Characteristics of, i. 138, =154-5= Continental and insular holdings of, i. 153 Eddic poems of, i. 154-5 _and_ _n. 3_ Irish harassed by, i. 133-4; later relations, i. 152 _n. 3_ Jumièges cloister sacked by, ii. 201 Metal-working among, i. 152 _n. 3_ Ravages by, in 8th and 9th centuries, i. 152-3 _Sagas_ of, i. 155 _seqq._ Settling down of, i. 240

Notker, i. 308-9 _and_ _n. 1_; sequences of, ii. 201-2

Numbers, symbolic phantasies regarding, i. 72 _and_ _nn. 1, 2_; ii. 49 _n. 3_

Oberon, fairy king, i. 564 _and_ _n._

Occam, William of, career of, ii. 518; estimate of his work, ii. 522-3; attitude toward Duns, ii. 518 _seqq._; on faith and reason, ii. 519; on Universals, ii. 520-1

Odilo, Abbot of Cluny, i. =294-5=, 359; Jotsaldus’ biography of, quoted, i. 295-6

Odo, Abbot of Cluny, i. 343 _and_ _n. 3_, 359; Epitome by, of Gregory’s _Moralia_, i. 16 _n. 4_; ii. 161 _and_ _n. 2_; Latin style of _Collationes_, ii. 161-2

Odo of Tournai, ii. 340 _n._

Odoacer, i. =114=, 145

Olaf, St., i. 156, =160-1=

Olaf Tryggvason, King, i. 156, =161-2=

Old French: Formation of, ii. 155 Latin as studied by speakers of, ii. 123 Poetry, ii. 222, =225 seqq.=

Ontology, _see_ Metaphysics

Ordeal, trial by, i. 232-3 _and_ _n. 1_

Ordericus Vitalis, i. 525; _Historia ecclesiastica_ by, ii. 176-8

_Organon_, _see under_ Aristotle

Origen, estimate of, i. 51, 62-3; on Canticles, i. =333=; ii. 369; _De principiis_, i. 68; otherwise mentioned, i. 53, 76, 80, 87, 104, 411; ii. 64

Orleans School: Classical studies at, ii. 119 _n. 2_, 127 Law studies at, ii. 250 Rivalry of, with Chartres, ii. 119 _n. 2_

Orosius, i. =82= _and_ _n. 1_, 188

Ostrogoths, i. 7, 113, =114-15=, 120

Otfrid the Frank, i. =203-4=, 308

Other world: Irish beliefs as to, i. 131 _and_ _n. 2_ Voyages to, mediaeval narratives of, i. 444 _n. 1_

Othloh, i. 315; visions of, i. 443; _Book concerning the Temptations of a certain Monk_, i. 316-23

Otric, i. 289-91

Otto I. (the Great), Emp., i. =241-3=, 256-7, 309

Otto II., Emp., i. 243, =282-3=, =289=

Otto III., Emp., i. =243=, 283, 284; _Modus Ottinc_ in honour of, ii. 215-216

Otto IV. (of Brunswick), Emp., i. 417; ii. =32-3=

Otwin, Bp. of Hildesheim, i. 312

Ovid, _Ars amatoria_ of, i. 574-5; mediaeval allegorizing of, and of _Metamorphoses_, ii. 230

Oxford University: Characteristics of, ii. 388-9 Curriculum at, ii. 387-8 Foundation of, ii. 380, =386-7= Franciscan fame at, ii. 400 Greek studies at, ii. 120, 391, 487

Palladius, Bp., i. 172

Pandects, _see under_ Roman law

Papacy (_See also_ Church _and_ Popes): Ascendancy of, over prelacy, i. 304 Character of, ii. 32 Denunciations against, i. 475; ii. 34-5, 218 Empire’s relations with: Concordat of Worms, i. 245 _n. 4_ Conflict (11th cent.), i. 244; (12th cent.), i. 245 _n. 4_; ii. 273; (13th cent.), ii. 33, =34-5=; (14th cent.), ii. 518; allegory as a weapon in, ii. 60 Recognition of ecclesiastical authority, ii. 265-7, 272-3 Reforms by Otto I., i. 243 Gregory VII.’s claims for, i. 245; ii. 274 Mendicant Orders’ relations with, ii. =398=, 509 Nepotism of, i. =504-5=, 511 Schisms of popes and anti-popes, i. 264 Temporal power of, rise of, i. 116; claims advanced, i. 245; realized, ii. 274, 276-7

Papinian cited, ii. 235

Paraclete oratory: Abaelard at, ii. 10, 344 Heloïse at, ii. 10 _seqq._

Paradise: Dante’s _Paradiso_, _see under_ Dante Hildegard’s visions of, i. 455-6

Paris: Schools: Growth of, ii. 380 Notre Dame and St. Geneviève, ii. 383 St. Victor, ii. =61-3=, 143, 383 University: Aristotle prohibited at, ii. 391-2 Authorities on, ii. 381 _n._ Bacon at, ii. 488 Bonaventura at, ii. 403 Curriculum at, ii. 387-8 Dominicans and Franciscans at, ii. 399 Prominence of, in philosophy and theology, ii. 283, =378-9= Rise, constitution, and struggles of, ii. 119-20, 383-6 Viking sieges of, i. 153

Parma, i. 497, 505-6

_Parsival_: Chrétien’s version of, i. 567, =588-9= Wolfram’s version of, i. 12 _n._, 571 _n. 2_, =589-613=; ii. =29=

Paschal controversy, _see_ Eucharistic

Paschasius, Radbertus, Abbot of Corbie i. 215, =225-7=

Patrick, St., i. 172-3

Patristic thought and doctrine (_See also_ Greek thought, patristic, _and_ Latin Fathers): Abaelard’s attitude toward, ii. 305 Achievement of exponents of, i. 86-7 Bacon’s attitude toward, ii. 492 Completeness of schemes presented by, ii. 394 Emotion as synthesized by, i. 340-2 Intellectual rather than emotional, i. 343-4; emotionalizing of, by mediaeval thinkers, i. 345 Latin medium of, i. 5 Logic as regarded by, i. 71 Mediaeval attitude toward, i. 16 Miracle accepted by, i. 51-3, =85-6= Natural knowledge as treated by, i. =61 seqq.=, =72-3=, =76-7=, 99;