CHAPTER XXV.

NOTES FOR A GEOLOGICAL EXCURSION TO CHARNWOOD FOREST, TO EXAMINE THE CENTRAL GROUP OF PLUTONIC ROCKS OF ENGLAND; AND THE CARBONIFEROUS AND CAMBRIAN STRATA, THROUGH WHICH THEY HAVE BEEN ERUPTED.

In the central county of our Island, within a hundred miles of the Tertiary deposits of the South-east of England, a group of plutonic rocks emerges from beneath the strata of limestone, coal, and red marl which constitute the principal geological features of the midland provinces, and rises up into the bold and picturesque range of hills of Charnwood Forest. Almost the entire series of British rocks is now brought by the railroads within a few hours distance of the metropolis; and the geological inquirer may, in the course of a fortnight, examine in their natural situations the Eocene deposits of the London and Hampshire basins--the Cretaceous and Wealden strata of Sussex, Kent, and Surrey--the Oolitic, Liassic, Triassic, Permian, and Carboniferous systems--the Mountain limestone and its metalliferous treasures--Traps, or ancient lavas, and their effects--strata of the Silurian and Cambrian systems--and, lastly, Granite, Syenite, Porphyry, and other modifications of the plutonic or igneous rocks. The present notes refer to two or three days spent in exploring the country around Leicester, and in examining the granite of Mount Sorel[815]--the slate quarries of Swithland--the syenitic crags of Bardon Hill--the porphyritic masses of Markfield and Grooby--and the coal-mines of Whitwick. On our previous excursion by railway to Leicester (see Excursion to Matlock, p. 867), the order of the succession of the strata from the metropolis to that town was described; on this occasion it will only be requisite to direct the traveller’s attention to the abrupt isolated hills, by Hinckley, Grooby, and the craggy peaks of Charnwood Forest, in the distance, on the left of the railroad, before reaching Leicester. If a pedestrian excursion be resolved upon, three or four days at least will be required to follow the route presently pointed out; in a carriage and pair, it may be accomplished in a long summer s day, by starting from Leicester at six, and returning by ten or eleven.[816]

[815] Sorel, a corruption of _Soar Hill_, or hill on the river Soar.

[816] It maybe well to remind the visitor that at Leicester the following objects are worthy of notice:--the Roman Milestone, now placed in the High-street; the remains of the Roman Wall; and the Blue Boar Hotel, where Richard III. slept the night before the battle of Bosworth.

[Sidenote: EXCURSION TO CHARNWOOD FOREST]

The geological localities to be visited in this excursion are the following--

I. Barrow-on-Soar.[817] _Lias limestone._--The quarries at this locality are celebrated for the organic remains that have from time to time been obtained from the limestone. Bones of Ichthyosauri and Plesiosauri (see p. 669), fishes (_Dapedius_, p. 603), leaves of cycadeæ, and fossil wood, together with ammonites, terebratulæ, &c. may generally be obtained.

[817] There is a station at Barrow, and the pedestrian may be put down within a short distance, by the railway.

Although at the very foot of the plutonic rocks, and on the verge of the grand focus of volcanic action which erupted the syenitic masses of Charnwood Forest, the strata in this spot appear to have suffered but little disturbance. But this phenomenon is in accordance with what occurs in other volcanic districts. For, as M. Constant Prevost remarks, volcanoes may open across all the strata, without occasioning great derangements; thus, at Limagne, Aurillac, and Puy (see _Wond._ p. 269), the tertiary strata have preserved their horizontality, even around the vents through which issued the volcanic matter that covered those countries with numerous cones of eruption.

II. Mount Sorel. _Granite and Syenite._--The road from Leicester ascends a ridge of Triassic or New Red strata, called Birstal Hill, from whence there is a fine view of the town. In the meadows on the left, some ruined walls, covered with ivy, mark the site, and are the only remains of the Abbey in which Cardinal Wolsey expired. Approaching Mount Sorel, an abrupt hill, with a mill on the summit, denotes, from a considerable distance, the geological character of the spot. There is a small Inn in the village, where accommodation may be procured. Visit the quarries, and also the establishment of Mr. Jackson, where the granite is worked into pillars, side-boards, &c.[818]

[818] An interesting account of this manufactory will be found in Sir Richard Phillips’s "Personal Tour."

The hill is about 120 feet in height, and 1,400 yards long; and is estimated to contain about two hundred millions of cubic feet of workable granite, above the general level of the district.[819]

[819] The granite resembles that of Aberdeen, but contains a larger proportion of felspar.

III. Swithland. _Slate-rocks._--From Mount Sorel proceed to Swithland: as we approach the quarries, the employment of slate for every available purpose, in the footpaths, walls of cottages, &c., indicates the abundance of this material in the neighbourhood. At Swithland, the quarries are very extensive, and expose magnificent sections, from 100 to 120 feet thick, of strata of Slate, highly inclined; and forming one side of an anticlinal axis, the summit of which will be passed over in our route by Woodhouse. In one quarry, at the time of my visit, a series of nearly horizontal strata of red marl was exposed, lying unconformably upon the edges of the highly inclined beds of Slate. The Slate-rocks of Charnwood Forest have a single anticlinal axis, which strikes from NN.W. to SS.E.; and the axis of the adjacent coal-field of Nuneaton has a similar direction.[820]

[820] Murch. Sil. Syst. p. 569.

[Sidenote: WOODHOUSE. BARDON HILL.]

IV. Woodhouse. _Slate-rocks._--From Swithland to Woodhouse, is a continuation of the highly inclined Slate strata. The village is romantically situated on the ridge or crest of the anticlinal axis of Charnwood Forest. On the sides of the road, there are occasional openings where the strata are exposed. There is, in particular, a fine section on the sides of the elevated point on which the church and school are built, lying to the left of the road in the approach from Swithland. A day might be well spent in this place, and at Swithland.

V. Bardon Hill. _Syenite._--We next proceed to Bardon Hill, ascending to the highest ridge of the protruded mass of igneous rock, of which this mountain-range is composed. The craggy and bare pinnacles which are every where presenting themselves, shooting up, as it were, from the green sward, cannot fail, from their novel and striking character, strongly to impress the mind of the young geologist, who now, for the first time, visits a region of plutonic rocks. The view from the summit of the hill is grand and imposing; it should be studied with a geological map of the country before us, that the position of this central mass of volcanic rocks, and its relation to the surrounding sedimentary strata, may be fully comprehended.

VI. Whitwick and Snibstone. _Coal-measures._--Spread around the foot of the Syenitic mountain which we are descending are the coal-bearing strata of the Carboniferous system; and in the works at _Whitwick_ and _Snibstone_ the geological inquirer can examine the nature of these deposits in the coal-mines, which he should descend, and obtain specimens of the strata and fossils from the beds in situ.[821]

[821] Should he be so fortunate as to see the resident engineer of Snibstone Colliery, Mr. George Vaughan, he will be certain of meeting with a courteous reception, and every facility for pursuing his inquiries, descending the shaft, and obtaining fossils. Mountain limestone is brought to this place to be converted into lime; and good specimens of shells, encrinites, &c. may sometimes be extracted from the blocks of stone.

Among the refuse of the workings thrown up from the various shafts, search should be made for stems of _calamites_ (p. 108), _seed-vessels_ (p. 149), _fern-leaves_ (p. 109), &c.

A section from Whitwick, through Charnwood Forest, to Barrow-on-Soar, in the direction of the route we have traversed, would give the following succession of rocks:--1. Whitwick; _Coal-strata_, highly inclined. 2. _Slate-rocks_ of Woodhouse, highly inclined. 3. Protrusions of _Syenite_. 4. _Slate-rocks_ of Swithland, highly inclined, with unconformable strata of red marl. 5. _Granite_ and _Syenite_ of Mount Sorel. 6. _Red marl_ and _sandstone_, supporting the _Lias_, at Barrow-on-Soar.

The pedestrian should spend one or two days at Snibstone, where there is humble, but comfortable accommodation.

[Sidenote: MARKFIELD AND GROOBY,]

VII. Markfield and Grooby. _Syenite and Porphyry_, &c.--These places may be visited on our way back to Leicester.

MISCELLANEOUS.

_List of Dealers in Fossils, Minerals, &c._

British Natural History Society, for the distribution of Fossils and Recent Shells, London Agent for the, 30, Tavistock-street, Covent Garden.

Charlton, Mr., at the Geological Society’s apartments, Somerset House. For boards and tablets for fossils; prepared and backed paper for diagrams; cabinets for specimens, &c. An excellent and intelligent workman, and moderate in his charges.

Cuttell, Mr., 52, New Compton-street, Lapidary. Prepares fossil teeth, &c. for the microscope.

Darker, Mr., Lapidary, 9, Paradise-street, Lambeth. Fossil and recent objects for the microscope. Specimens of the infusorial earths, teeth of fishes and reptiles, marbles, &c.

Edwards, 40, High-street, Camden Town. For hoards for cabinets, to affix fossils, shells, &c. instead of trays.

McLellan, 107, Great Russell-street, Bloomsbury. Manufactures the trays for the British Museum. Wooden trays with black sides, 2 inches by 2, to 6 inches by 2, price 7_s._ per dozen. This price is much too high, except for public collections. Common card or pasteboard trays answer every purpose.

Simmons, Mr., 6, Francis-street, Newington Butts. Collector of fossils; especially of choice Chalk fossils and fossil Foraminifera.

Sowerby, Mr. G. B. (the eminent naturalist), 50, Great Russell-street, Bloomsbury. All kinds of minerals, fossils, and recent shells.

Tennant, Mr. J. Professor of Mineralogy and Geology to King’s College, 149, Strand. Every purchasable species of fossil, mineral, or shell may be obtained; as well as the various microscopic fossils, infusorial earths, slices of teeth, wood, marble, &c. The collections formed by Mr. Tennant for the student in Geology, Palæontology, and Mineralogy are admirably calculated to afford that practical acquaintance with specimens, so indispensable to the acquisition of a knowledge of Geology. A series may be obtained, illustrative of the system of instruction suggested in these volumes, and arranged in a sequence corresponding to the order in which the fossils are described. The price of a mahogany cabinet with five trays, containing 200 specimens, illustrative of the elementary works on Geology, is five guineas: cabinets with fewer and less valuable specimens from two to three guineas. The following is an outline of the contents of the five guinea cabinet--

Minerals which are either the components of Rocks, or occasionally imbedded in them:--Quartz, Agate, Chalcedony, Jasper, Garnet, Zeolite, Hornblende, Augite, Asbestus, Felspar, Mica, Talc, Tourmaline, Calcareous Spar, Fluor, Selenite, Baryta, Strontia, Salt, Sulphur, Plumbago, Bitumen, &c.

Native Metals, or Metalliferous Minerals; these are found in masses or beds, in veins, and occasionally in the beds of rivers. Specimens of the following Metallic Ores are put in the Cabinet:--Iron, Manganese, Lead, Tin, Zinc, Copper, Antimony, Silver, Gold, Platina, &c.

Rocks; Granite, Gneiss, Mica-slate, Clay-slate, Porphyry, Serpentine, Sandstones, Limestones, Basalt, Lavas, &c.

Silurian Fossils from the Llandeilo, Wenlock, and Ludlow Rocks.

Secondary Fossils from the Devonian, Carboniferous, Permian, Triassic, Lias, Oolite, Purbeck, Wealden, and Cretaceous Groups.

Tertiary Fossils from the Thanet Sands, Woolwich and Reading beds, Bracklesham, Barton, and London Clays, Isle of Wight fresh-water series, Crag, &c.

Mr. Tennant has also models of many unique and rare fossils; as for example, teeth, horn, claw-bones, &c. of the Iguanodon; lily encrinite; small models of the upright coal-trees, near Bolton; of the magnificent Plesiosaurus of Mr. Hawkins’s collection, now in the British Museum (price 4_l._ 4_s._); Mr. Sopwith’s models of stratification, &c.

Topping, Mr. 1, York-place, Pentonville-hill; supplies boards and cases, and every kind of fossil infusoria, &c.; polished slices of fossil wood and teeth; and all kinds of microscopical objects, admirably prepared, and at moderate prices.

British Museum.--Models of some of the most remarkable fossils in the National Collection (a list of which is published in the "Synopsis of the British Museum ") may be purchased of the _Formatore_.

Microscopes.--A microscope is now an indispensable instrument for the collector of fossil remains; and, in fact, for the cultivator of any natural science. A microscope sufficient for every useful purpose may be obtained, at the price of from seven to twenty guineas, of--

Poulton, Mr. C., Wooburn, near Marlow, Bucks; beautiful preparations of minute fossil animal and vegetable structures for the microscope at 1_s._ 3_d._ per slide. Infusorial earths admirably prepared. Specimens of foraminifera, recent and fossil. Grignon sand with, foraminifera, &c.

Powell, Mr., 24, Clarendon-street, Clarendon-square.

Pritchard, Mr. Andrew, Fleet-street; the author of various useful works on microscopical subjects. Mr. Pritchard’s microscope, of from seven to ten guineas, has been purchased by several of my geological friends, and admirably answers the purpose of investigation.

Ross, Mr. 21, Featherstone-buildings, Holborn; justly celebrated for the perfection of his instruments.

Smith and Beck, Messrs. 6, Coleman-street, City.

BRIGHTON.

Nightingale, Mr. 52, Frederick-street, near the railway station Brighton A large assortment of Sussex chalk and other fossils. Mr. Nightingale is a first-rate artist in clearing chalk fishes and crustaceans.

Thatcher, Mr., West Cliff, King’s-road, has often very choice chalk fossils, admirably cleared, and at fair prices.

Most of the pebbles cut and set in brooches, and sold by the lapidaries and jewellers in this town, as Brighton common German moss-agates. The green brooches called _Brighton aqua marines!_ are rolled fragments of bottle-glass. Occasionally good sections of the _Choanites_ (see p. 234) may be obtained: inquire for "_petrified sea-anemones_."

CHIPPENHAM, WILTS.

Buy, William; for Oxford Clay fossils of the greatest variety and in the highest perfection. Especially celebrated for his discovery and admirable development of the soft parts of Belemnoteuthides, Belemnites with phragmocones, &c.

DOVER.

Griffiths, Paradise-street.

Moses, Stroud-street; has generally a large collection of Chalk and Galt fossils.

HASTINGS.

Bissenden, Thomas, West-street; Oliver, Elizabeth, 7, Parade; of whom Wealden fossils from the neighbouring cliffs may often be obtained.

RYDE, ISLE OF WIGHT

Fowlstone, Mr., 4, Victoria Arcade.

SHEERNESS.

Hayes, Patrick, Sheppey-street, Blue Town. The usual Sheppey fossils. According to his own list, he has for sale,--petrified whelk-shells, cockles, clams, screws, Nautilus. Fruits, various; as beans, coffee, figs nuts. Crabs, lobsters, turtles. Fishes' heads, teeth, and spine-bones. His charge for perfect specimens is high; a Nautilus, cut in half and polished, presenting two perfect sections, 25_s._; if imperfect, 1_s._ or 2_s._ A fish’s head, or lobster, 10_s._ to 15_s._; imperfect examples, 6_d._ to 2_s._; see p. 840.

VENTNOR, ISLE OF WIGHT.

Wheeler, Charles, Holder’s Sea-side Cottage. An excellent guide to the most interesting localities along the southern shore of the island. Collects and sells specimens.

WARMINSTER.

Baker, Mr.; dealer in fossils. The Warminster Greensand, and Chalk fossils.

WEYMOUTH.

Damon Mr. Robert, dealer in fossils; has always on sale a large and excellent collection of the organic remains from the neighbourhood of Weymouth, the Isle of Portland, and Lyme Regis, &c. A series of recent British shells, from 200 to 400 species, correctly named.

YORK.

British Natural History Society, for the distribution of Fossils and recent shells; conductor, &c. Mr. Charlesworth, Curator of the York Museum.

* * * * *

Notes on the Prices of Fossils.--A Short communication by the Author to Charlesworth’s London Geological Journal, No. I. p. 13, contains a list of the prices of several interesting fossils and collections of fossils.

* * * * *

Minerals.--A complete series of the minerals of Cumberland comprising specimens of great beauty and interest, can be obtained of John Cowper, Alston, Cumberland; he may be relied upon for his knowledge and attention, and his prices are moderate.

GENERAL INDEX.

GENERAL INDEX.

A.

Abies, 177. Abietites Dunkeri, 179. Acalephæ, 280, 772. Acanthoteuthis furiosa, 447, 462. Acephala, 375. Acetabulifera, 449. Achilleum, 223. Acorn-shell, 506. Acrocidaris nobilis, 319. Acrodont reptiles, 648. Acrodus nobilis, 584. Acrogens, 60. Actibatis, 753. Actinia, 254. Actinocrinites, 287, 294, 295. Actinocrinus Parkinsoni, 294. Agassiz, M., on cololites, 622. --------------- Fishes, 563, 568, _et passim_. Age of Reptiles, 644. Air-bladder of Fishes, fossil. 620. Aix, fossil insects from, 557. Aix-la-Chapelle, 205. Aix, Provence, 185, 199, 550, 557, 625, 628, 731. Alabama, United States, 780. Alcyonium, 254. --------- chonoides, 247. Algæ, fossil, 87. Allanbank, Berwickshire, 167. Allesley, near Coventry, 124. Alligator Hantoniensis, 676. Alloa, Scotland, 778. Allport, Mr. D., researches of, 789. Alum Bay, Isle of Wight, 73, 175, 421, 847. --------, lignite at, 73. Amber, 52, 182. Amblypterus, 601. Ammonites communis, 477. --------- Dufrenoyi, 476. --------- Jason, 479. --------- lautus, 476. --------- varians, 476. --------- Walcottii, 397, 482. Ammonitidæ, 469, 476. Amorphozoa, 219. Amphigens, 61. Amphitherium Broderipii, 806. Analysis of Molluskite, 433. Ananchyte, flint-cast of, 320. Ananchytes ovatus, 323, 327. Ancyloceras furcatum, 484. ----------- gigas, 485. Angers, 537. Angiosperms, fossil, 197. Animal Kingdom, classification of, 217, 826. Animal remains, fossil, 43. Annelida, 503. Anning, Miss M. researches of, 48, 464, 596. Annularia, 146, 147. Anomopteris Mougeotii, 117. Anomura, 512. Anoplotherium commine, 789. ------------- secundarium, 790. Anstice, Mr., researches of, 555. Antholites liliaceus, 198. Anthophyllum Atlanticum, 257, 262. Anthozoa, 253. Anthracotherioid pachyderms, 791. Anthracotherium, 790. Antigua, 185, 264. Apateon pedestris, 745. Ape, fossil, of France, 814. Apiocrinites, 286, 288, 291. Apiocrinus ellipticus, 290. ---------- flexuosus, 291. ---------- Parkinsoni, 288. ---------- rotundus, 289. Aporrhais, 426. Aptychus sublævis, 492. Arabia, 362. ------, foraminifera-rocks in, 362. Arachnida, 550. Araucaria peregrina, 175. Araucarites, 168. Arborescent ferns, fossil stems of, 122. Archæocidaridæ, 322. Archæoniscus Brodiei, 521. Archegosaurus Dechenii, 745. ------------- lucius, 745. ------------- minor, 745. Argonaut, 450, 465. Arkansas, United States, 780. Armagh, Ireland, 595. Artisia, 168. Asaphus, 536. Aspidorhynchus, 617. Astacidæ, 515. Asteracanthus, 581. Asteriadæ, 280, 301. Asterias arenicola, 307. -------- prisca, 308. Asteroida, 254. Asterolepis, 619. Asterophyllites, 145. --------------- equisetiformis, 147. Astræa ananas, 262. ------- pentagona, 262. ------- Tisburiensis, 263. Atherfield, 518, 529. Aust Cliff, 560, 588, 805, 865. Austen, Mr. R. A. C., researches of, 850, 861. Austin, Messrs., on crinoidea, 288. Australia, 803, 809. Autun, France, 130, 178. Auvergne, 529, 560, 765. Ava, Burmah, 185, 278, 794. Avicula inæquivalvis, 404. Aylesbury, 481, 498, 863. Aymestry, 393, 405.

B.

Babbicombe, Devon, 259, 261. Bacillaria, 88, 91. Bacton, Suffolk, 803, 811. Baculites baculoides, 486. Bailey, Dr., on diatomaceæ, 93, 337. ----------- on foraminifera, 364. ----------- on recent shelly sandstone, 387. ----------- on the mixture of marine and fluviatile species in the Hudson River, 100. Bain, Mr. A. G., fossil reptiles in South Africa, discovered by, 714. Baker and Durand, Messrs, researches of, 814. Bakewell, Mr., the researches of, 737, 878, 887. Balanidæ, 506. Balanus tesselatus, 507. Balcombe, 851. Bann River, Ireland, diatomaceæ from the banks of the, 94. Banwell, Somerset, 783, 809, 811, 816, 865. Bardon Hill, 901. Barnacles, 506. Barr, Staffordshire, 537. Barrande, M., on trilobites, 534, 541. Barrow-on-Soar, 669, 899. Bath, 397, 864. Batrachia, 646, 739. Batrachnis, 753. Batracholites, 740. Bats, fossil, 813. Bavaria, 423, 787. Bay of Fundy, Nova Scotia, upright fossil trees on the cliffs of the, 128. Beachy Head, 481. Bean, Mr., researches of, 526, 531. Bears, fossil, 811. Beauvais, France, 451. Beaver, fossil, 803. Beccarius, foraminifera first discovered by, 339. Beckles, Mr., researches of, 529, 773. Belemnitella mucronata, 451, 457. ------------ quadrata, 451. Belemnites bipartitus, 453. ---------- dilatatus, 451, 458. ---------- lanceolatus, 459. ---------- Listeri, 453, 458. ---------- Puzosianus, 454. ---------- semicanaliculatus, 453. Belemnoteuthis antiquus, 459. Belfast, 71, 236. ------- Lough, peat in, 71. Belgium, 191. Bellerophon bilobatus, 465. ----------- costatus, 465. Beloptera belemnitoides, 463. Belosepia sepioides, 463. Beloteuthis subcostata, 463. Benett, Miss E., researches of, 41, 231. Bensted, Mr. W. H., researches of, 269, 409, 434, 732. Bergh-mehl of Norway, 96. Bergmann on fossils, 17. -------- on the solubility of silex in water, 42. Bermudas, 274. Berry Head, Torbay, 764. Beryx Lewesiensis, 624. ----- microcephalus, 624. ----- radians, 624. ----- superbus, 624. Bexhill, Sussex, 519. Bexley, 395. Beyrichia, 526. Bidford, Warwickshire, 560. Bignor, Sussex, 232. Bilin, diatomaceous deposit at, 96. Binfield, Mr., researches of, 549. Binney, Mr., on stigmaria, 136. Binstead, Isle of Wight, 423, 790, 816, 847. Binstwick, Holderness, 95. Binton, Warwickshire, 552. Bird-like bipeds, imprints of feet of, 768. Birds, 759, 763. Bivalve mollusks, the parts of, 377. Blackdown, Devon, 350, 411, 413. Bleadon, Somerset, 811. Bletchingley, 406, 458. Bognor, Sussex, 175, 193, 235, 405, 407. Bohemia, 96, 539, 623. -------, diatomaceous deposit in, 96. Boiling springs, 40. Bolton, Lincolnshire, 367. Bombay, 741. Bonchurch, Isle of Wight, 162. Bone-breccia of the caverns, 808. Bone-caverns, 764, 808, 821. Bones, fossil, 45. Botanical principles, 58. Botany, fossil, 51. Bothrodrendron, 144, 145. Boughton, near Maidstone, 811. Boulogne, 398, 412. Bourgueticrinus, 286, 291. Bournemouth, Hants, 200, 560. Bovey Heathfield, Devon, 72. -----------------------, lignite at, 72. Bowerbank, Mr., excursions to Sheppey and Bracklesham by, 840, 844. --------- on carcharodon, 593. ------------ flint, 354. ------------ fossil bird from Sheppey, 768. ------------ fossil fruits from Sheppey, 53, 187. ------------ moss-agates, 103. ------------ pterodactyles, 726. Bowman, Mr., on sigillaria, 127. Brachiolites, 226. ------------ angularis, 267. Brachiopoda or Palliobranchiata, 376, 388. Brachyura, 511. Bracklesham Bay, 175, 193, 264, 367, 383, 405, 463, 470, 589, 597, 677, 738, 844. Bradford encrinite, 290. Bradford, Wilts, 288. Branchiopoda, 525. Brazils, 625, 808, 814, 815. Brebisson on diatomaceæ, 88. Brentford, 783. Brickenden, Capt., researches of, 693, 720, 749. Bridgewater Essay, Dr. Buckland’s, 8, 22, _et passim_. Brighton, 99, 224, 230, 232, 233, 289, 299, 348, 368, 384, 408, 451, 458, 628, 778, 783, 795, 852. --------, diatomaceæ at, 99. -------- fossil whale, 778. Bristol, 585, 591, 713, 864. British localities of fossil cephalopods, 499. ---------------------------- crustaceans, 546. ---------------------------- fishes, 640. ---------------------------- mammals, 818. ---------------------------- plants, 213. ---------------------------- reptiles, 756. ---------------------------- shells, 443. ---------------------------- zoophytes, 278. ---------------------------- fossil monkeys, 815. British Museum, fossils in, 75, 141, 282, 288, 333, 389, 411, 630, 637, 670, 678, 681, 683, 685, 770, 784, 786, 807, 810. -------------- strata, synopsis of, 23. Brittle-worts, 88. Broderip, Mr., researches of, 806. Brodie, Rev. P. B., researches of, 521, 549, 552, 556. Bromley, Kent, 395, 406. Brongniart and Cuvier on fossils, 18. Brongniart on asterophyllites, 146. ------------- Crustacea, 533. ------------- moss-agates, 103. ------------- psarolites, 124. ------------- sigillaria, 132. ------------- stigmaria, 134. ------------- the classification of plants, 61. ------------- the distribution of fossil plants, 208. Bronteus flabellifer, 539. Brook Bay, Isle of Wight, 164, 170, 178, 415, 695, 701, 848. Brora, Scotland, 408. ----- oolite, 28. Brown-coal, 71. Brown, Dr. R., on triplosporites, 142. ----- Mr. J., researches of, 803, 811. ----- Mr. R., on stigmaria, 137. Brunswick, 292. Brussels, 191, 730. Bryansford, near Newcastle, 95. Bryozoa, 253, 265. Buckland, Rev. Dr. Bridgewater Essay, 8, 22, _et passim_. ------------------ on belemnites, 456. ------------------ carpolites, 193. ------------------ cave-bones, 810. ------------------ cephalopoda, 481. ------------------ coal, 84. ------------------ coprolites, 621. ------------------ fossil bird’s-bones, 765. ------------------ insects, 551. ------------------ geoteuthis, 464. ------------------ ichnolites, 770. ------------------ ichthyopatolites, 632. ------------------ Kirkdale Cave, 808. ------------------ Mantellia, 156. ------------------ on marsupialia, 806. ------------------ megalosaurus, 687. ------------------ megatherium, 798. ------------------ paramoudra, 236. ------------------ pterodactyles, 725. ------------------ Reliq. Diluv., 809. ------------------ trilobites, 534. Buckman, Prof., researches of, 552. Buenos Ayres, 799. Bufonites, 604. Bulimus, 423. Bumastus, 437. Buprestis Bucklandi, 554. Burdie House, near Edinburgh, 79, 113, 524, 531, 602, 617. ------------, fresh-water coal at, 79. Burham, Kent, 712, 732. Burmeister, M., on trilobites, 534, 540. Buy, Mr. W., researches of, 863.

C.

Caddis-worms, fossil, 559. Caen, Normandy, 679, 680. Caithness, 614. Calamites approximatus, 108. --------- decoratus, 107. --------- radiatus, 108. Calamodendron, 146. Calbourn, Isle of Wight, 423, 847. Calceola, 392. Caine, Wilts, 313, 315, 397, 864. Calymene Blumenbachii, 535. Cambrian rocks, lower, 34. Cambridge, 518, 711, 730. Cambridgeshire, 95, 367, 811. -------------- fens, diatomaceous deposits in the, 95. -------------- fossil foraminifera of the, 367. Camel, fossil, 784. Campilodiscus, 347. Cannel-coal, 71. Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, 137. Cape of Good Hope, 536, 714. Caradoc Sandstone, 33. Carboniferous Flora, 209. ------------- series, 31. --------------------, foraminifera of the, 365. Carbonized remains of mollusks, 432. Carcharodon productus, 591, 593. Carcharopsis prototypus, 595. Cardinia, 414. Cardiocarpon acutum, 147. Cardium edule, 386. Carluke, Lanarkshire, 746. Carnivora, fossil, 807. Carpenter, Dr., on the structure of nummulites, 345. ---------------------- structure of shells, 390. Carpolithes Bucklandi, 149. ----------- ovulum, 196. ----------- Smithiæ, 202. Carr, Mr. H., researches of, 858, 889. Carrington Park, Devon, 365. Carter, Mr. H. G., researches of, 362. ----------------- on foraminifera-rocks in Arabia and India, 362. Caryophyllia annularis, 258, 262. ------------ centralis, 257, 268. Castle Comb, near Bath, 774. Castor, fossil, 803. Catenipora escharoides, 259. Catillus, 402. Caulopteris macrodiscus, 123. Cautley, Capt., discoveries by, 674, 784, 786, 797, 814. Cave-bones, 764, 808. Cavern of High Tor, Matlock, 876. Caverns, Ornitholites of the, 764. Cellepora, 385. Cellular plants, 59. Cement, 816. Cephalaspides, 610. Cephalaspis Lyellii, 610. Cephalopoda, 378, 447. Ceratiocaris, 525. Ceratites, 483. Ceratodus emarginatus, 587, 598. Cerigo, 808. Cerithium lapidum, 418, 425. Cestracion canaliculatus, 580, 584. Cetacea, 777. Cetiosaurus, 682. Cette, 765, 808. Chæropotamus, 791. Chalk and flint, microscopical examination of, 371. Chalk animalculites, 353. ----- detritus at Charing, 363. ----- formation, 25. ----- dicotyledons in the, 205. ----- fossil wood in the, 173. ----- sponges in, 222. Chara helicteres, 196. ----- medicaginula, 196. Charing, Kent, 342, 363, 579. -------, chalk-detritus at, 363. Charlesworth, Mr., researches of, 226, 709, 805. Charlton, Kent, 317. Charmouth, Dorset, 193, 293, 304, 459. Charnwood Forest, 868. Cheddar, Somerset, 866. Cheiroptera, fossil, 813. Cheirotherian tracks, notices of, 750. Cheirotherium Hercules, 753. ------------- Kaupii, 752, 753. Chelichnus, 753. Chelone Bellii, 734. ------- Benstedi, 732. ------- costata, 735. ------- Mantelli, 735. ------- pulchriceps, 734. Chelonia, 646, 726. Chelsea Hospital, fossils in pavement of, 476. Cheltenham, 397. Chemnitz, Saxony, 123. Chenendopora fungiformis, 228. Chichester, 224, 268, 347. Chippenham, Wilts, 313, 317, 492, 863. Chipping Norton, 682. Chiton, 430. Choanites Kœnigii, 233. --------- turbinatus, 243. Chomle, Bohemia, 550. Chondrites Bignoriensis, 102. Christian Malford, Wilts, 454, 459. Chronological arrangement of the British strata, 23. Cidaris Blumenbachii, 317, 397. ------- clunifera, 319. ------- cucumifera, 319. ------- intermedia, 316. ------- meandrina, 319. ------- Parkinsoni, 319. ------- sceptrifera, 319. ------- spinosa, 319. ------- stemmacantha, 319. Cidarite, impression of, on flint, 320. Cidarites of New Zealand, 318. Cidaritidæ, 314. ---------- palæozoic, 321. Ciliobrachiata, 266. Cirripedia, 505. Clacton, 817. Classification of fossil cephalopods, 494. ----------------- plants, 69. ----------------- strata, 23. ----------------- the Animal Kingdom, 217, 826. Clathraria Lyellii, 159. Clathropteris meniscoides, 121. Claycross, near Chesterfield, 127. Clayton, Sussex, 408, 426, 429, 459, 471, 487, 851. Clermont, Auvergne, 529. Clifton, near Bristol, 260, 263, 864. Clionites Conybeari, 238, 403. --------- Inoceramus, shell perforated by, 403. Club-mosses, 140. Clymenia Sedgwickii, 473. -------- striata, 473. Clypeastridæ, 322. Clypeidæ, 322, 325. Clypeus sinuatus, 325. Clove-encrinites, 297. Cnemidium astrophorum, 227. Coal, Bovey, 72. ---- brown, 71. ---- cannel, 71. ---- field, stratification of a, 80. ---- formation, 31. ---- measures, 31. ---- nature and geology of, 76. ---- of the Wealden, 73. Coalbrook Dale, 140, 144, 210, 414, 522, 552, 555. Cocconeis, 91. Coccosteus oblongus, 613. Cœlacanthi, 618. Cœlodont lizards, 648. Colchester, Mr., researches of, 805, 815. Coles, Mr. H., on the skin of the Ichthyosaurus, 670. Collecting and arranging fossil shells, directions for, 441. ---------- and developing fossil fishes, 635. ---------- remains of mammalia, 815. ---------- and preserving fossil leaves and fruits, 53. ---------- fossil bones, 45. ---------- cephalopoda, 496. ---------- corals, 276. ---------- Crustacea, 544. ---------- echinodermata, 331. ---------- insects, 560. ---------- plants, 211. ---------- remains of birds, 773. ---------- remains of reptiles, 753. Cololites, 621. Colossochelys atlas, 732. Comatula, 286, 302. Confervæ, fossil, 100. Confervites Woodwardii, 101. Coniferæ, fossil, 164. -------- structure of, 57. Coniferous forests, petrified, 169. ---------- wood, fossil, 167. ----------------------- in the Chalk-formation, 173. ----------------------- in the Oxford Clay, 172. Conularia, 417. Conus tuberculatus, 427. Conybeare, Rev. W. D., researches of, 404, 663. Cooksbridge, Sussex, 527. Copford, Essex, 812. Coprolites, 432, 621. Coral-rag, 27, 263, 862. Corals, fossil, in iron-ore, 265. -------------- of Babbicombe, 258. ----------------- Clifton, 260. ----------------- Dudley, 261. ------, growth of, 252. Corax pristodontus, 595. Corfe, Dorset, 560. Cornbrash, 28. Corncockle Muir, 753. Cornua Ammonis, 476. Corsica, 808. Corydalis Brongniarti, 554. Cotta on fossil fern-stems, 124. Couvin, Belgium, 459. Cowes, 847. Crabs, fossil, 511. Craigleith, near Edinburgh, 167. Crania, 392. Creech, near Corfe, 560. Creseis, 417. Cretaceous formation, 25. -------------------- fossil plants of the, 173, 205. -------------------- zoophytes of the, 274. Crich Hill, 880, 883. Crinoidea, 280, 281, 309. Crioceras Puzosianum, 484. Crisia Johnstoniana, 269. Cristellaria rotulata, 342, 348. Crocodilia, 646, 673. Crocodilus champsoïdes, 676. ---------- Hastingsiæ, 676. ---------- Spenceri, 676. ---------- toliapicus, 676. Cromford, Derbyshire, 285. Croydon, 838, 849. Crustacæ, 508. -------- Ichnolites of, 543, 749. Cryptobranchus Scheuchzeri, 741. Cryptogamia, 58. Ctenacanthus, 581. Ctenoid fish, 568, 623. Cuckfield, 160, 755, 851. Cucumites variabilis, 188. Cummingston, near Elgin, 749. Cunningham, Mr., researches of, 750, 751, 772. Cupanoides lobatus, 189. Cup-encrinite, 295. Curculioides Ansticii, 555. ------------ Prestvichii, 555. Cushion-star, 301. Cuttle-fish bone, 449. ----------- fossil, 447. Cuvier and Brongniart on fossils, 18. ------ Baron, discoveries of, 766, 789, 804, 806, 813. Cyathocrinites, 287, 295. Cyathocrinus planus 289, 296. ------------ tuberculatus, 286. Cyathophyllum dianthus, 261. ------------- turbinatum, 261. Cycadeæ, 150. ------- fossil stems of, 156. Cycadites megalophyllus, 157. --------- microphyllus, 158. Cycas revoluta (recent), 150. Cyclas, 416. Cyclobatis oligodactylus, 579. Cycloid fish, 568, 625. Cyclopteris trichomanoides, 114. Cyphosoma, 318. Cyprella, 532. Cypresses, fossil, 180. Cypridella, 532. Cypridina, 532. Cyprinoid fish, 627. Cypris faba, 529. ------ Fittoni, 527. ------ granulosa, 527. ------ tuberculata, 527. ------ Valdensis, 527. Cyrena, 416. Cystidea, 298. Cystiphyllum, 261. Cythere, 531. Cythereis, 531.

D.

Dadoxylon, 168. Dallards, Wilts, 521. Dana on Silicification, 38, 42. Dana’s Mineralogy noticed, 9. Dapedius, 603. Daphnoidia, 532. Darling Downs, Australia, 803. Darmstadt, 787. Darwin, Mr. C., researches of, 506, 508, 798. Dawson, Mr. J., researches of, 747, 748. Deane, Dr. J., on ornithoidichnites, 769. ----- Mr., researches of, 241, 359. Debey, Dr., on fossil plants from Aix-la-Chapelle, 205. Deddington, Oxon, 680. Deer, fossil, 783. De la Beche, Sir H., the works of, referred to, 833. Delesserites Lamourouxii, 103. Dendrerpeton Acadianum, 746. Dendrodus, 618. Denny on fossil stems in the Coal, 143. Deposition of the Coal-measures, 79. Derbyshire, 284, 407, 414. Dercetis elongatus, 622. Dermal bones of reptiles, 657. ------ covering of Glyptodon, 799. Derry, Tyrone, 531. Derwent Valley, Australia, 171. Desmeopora semicylindrica, 271. Desmidiæ, 88. Devonian formation, 31. -------- fossil plants, 212. Diadema rotulare, 316, 318. Diamond, 52. Diatomaceæ, fossil, 88, 93. ---------- recent, 91. ---------- the food of mollusks, &c., 99. Dibrachiata, 449, 450. Dichobune, 791. Dichodon, 791. Dicotyledonous plant-remains of the Chalk-formation, 215. -------------- trees, fossil, 203. Dicotyledons, 59. Dictyophyllum crassinervum, 198. Dicynodon Bainii, 717. --------- lacerticeps, 716. --------- strigiceps, 717. --------- testudiceps, 717. Didelphys, fossil, of Montmartre, 804. --------- Colchesteri, 805. Dieffenbach on the Flora of New Zealand, 210. Dimyaria, 404. Dinornis, 763. Dinosauria, 646, 684. Dinotherium Kaupii, 787. Diogenes’ lantern, 312. Diplograpsus, 256. Diprion, 256. Dirt-bed in the Purbeck strata of the Isle of Portland, 156. Discoidea castanea, 324. Dithyrocaris, 525. Dixon, Mr. F., fossils and work of the late, 271, 330, 385, 518, 584, 631, 673, 738. Dixonfold, near Manchester, 125, 137. Dodo, 763. Dolichosaurus longicollis, 711. D’Orbigny. M., restoration of the Belemnite by, 453. --------- on foraminifera, 339. Dormouse, fossil, 802. Dover, 228, 230, 241, 268, 270, 355, 396, 858. Dracæna Benstedi, 194. Draco volans, 723. Drift deposits, 23. Dudley, Staffordshire, 262, 533. ------ limestone, 33, 261, 272. Dujardin, M., on foraminifera, 339. Dumarest, M., on fossil Crustacea, 510. Dumbleton, 560. Dumfries, 730, 750, 753. Dunmore Cliff, Isle of Wight, 398. Dun-stone of Matlock, 878. Durlstone Bay, Purbeck, 196, 522, 557.

E.

Ear-bones of fishes, 574, 639. ------------ whales, 778. East Cliff Bay, Isle of Wight, 195. East Thickley, Durham, 602. Eastware Bay, Kent, 480. Echinidæ, 280, 311. Echinus, 318. Edaphodon leptognathus, 589. --------- Mantelli. 588. Edentata, fossil, 798. Edinburgh, 622. Edwards, Mr. F., on the siphuncle of the Nautilus, 467. Egerton, Sir P. G., researches of, 579, 584, 590, 599, 601, 604, 667, 670, 750, 809. Eggs, fossil, 739, 764. Egra, Bohemia, 96, 182, 347. Egypt, 170, 345. Ehrenberg on infusoria, 88. ------------ the Chalk microzoa, 353. ------------ Polierschiefer of Bilin, 96. Eifel, 258, 392, 430, 539, 741. Eisleben, Saxony, 602. Elasmodus, 590. Elbersreuth, Bavaria, 474. Elements of Geology, Sir C. Lyell’s, 10, _et passim_. Elephants, fossil, 785, 817. Elephas Ganesa, 785. ------- primigenius, 794. Elgin, 645, 720, 730. Emydidæ, 727, 736. Emys, 727. Enaliosauria, 616, 662. Encephalous mollusks, 378. Enchodus halocyon, 630. Encrinus liliiformis, 286, 292. Endogenites erosa, 163. Endogenous stems, 56. Endogens, 59. Enniskillen, Earl of, researches of, 520. Enoploclytia Leachii, 516. ------------ Sussexiensis, 517. Enoploteuthis, 462. Entomoconchus, 532. Entomostraca, 522. Entrochites, 284. Eocene deposits, 24. Epplesheim, 783, 787. Equisetaceæ, 104. Equisetites columnaris, 105. Equisetum Lyellii, 105. Equus plicidens, 797. Eschara, 267. Estheria, 526. Etyus Martini, 513. Eugeniacrinus, 288, 289, 297. Eunotia, 92. Euomphalus pentangulatus, 428. Eurypterus, 524. Excursions, geological, 829. ---------------------- to Bracklesham Bay, 844. ------------------------- Brighton, 849. ------------------------- Bristol, 864. ------------------------- Charnwood Forest, 898. ------------------------- Chippenham and Caine, 863. ------------------------- Clifton, 864. ------------------------- Crich Hill, 880. ------------------------- Farringdon, 859. ------------------------- Isle of Sheppey, 838. ------------------------- Isle of Wight, 847. ------------------------- Matlock, 867. ------------------------- Middleton Moor, 894. ------------------------- Rottingdean, 852. ------------------------- Swindon, 862. Exogenous stems, 56. Exogens, 59. Exogyra, 398. Extremities of Iguanodon, 700. ----------- Reptiles, 657. Eye of Ichthyosaurus, 664.

F.

Faboidea bifalcis, 188. -------- semicurvilinearis, 188. Fairies’ night-caps, 315. Fairy-loaf, 327. Fairy-stones, 284. Falconer, Dr., discoveries by, 674, 784, 786, 797, 814. Farnham, Surrey, 233. Farringdon, Berks, 226, 262, 273, 277, 317, 318, 859. ----------, fossil zoophytes from, 226. Favosites Gothlandica, 259, 262. --------- polymorpha, 258. Favularia, 143. Felixstow, 778. Fenestella, 270. Ferns, fossil, 109. ----- fossil arborescent, 122. ----- stems, sections of, 62. Ferry Bridge, Yorkshire, 44, 71. -----------------------, buried forest at, 44. Fifeshire, 617. Filicites, 109. Fisher, Rev. O., researches of, 196, 522, 557. Fishes, characters of, 563. ------ tins of, 569, 576. ------ scales of, 566. ------ skeletons of, 572. ------ tails of, 574. ------ teeth of, 570, 582. Fitton, Dr., works and researches of, 177, 230, 420, 529, 833. Flabellina Baudouniana, 347. Flamborough Head, 226. Flint, casts of echinites in, 320. ----- formed from zoophytes, 243. ----- fossil wood in, 174. ----- polype in, 250. ----- sponges in, 222. Flora of New Zealand, 210. ----- of Œningen, fossil, 200. ----- of the Carboniferous epoch, 209. Florence Court, 278. Florida, 365, 387. Flowers, fossil, 197. Flustra, 266. Flying reptiles, 723. Folkstone, 228, 402, 406, 426, 433, 458, 476, 487, 512, 858. Foot-tracks of bipeds, 768. ----------- of Crustacea, 543, 749. ----------- of reptiles, 749. Foraminifera deposit at Brighton, 368. ----------------------- Charing, 342, 363. -------------------- in the United States, 364. ------------ fossil, 344. ------------ fossil remains of the soft parts of, 357, 372. ------------ in chalk and flint, 355. ------------ of the Carboniferous Formation, 365. ------------------- fens of Lincolnshire and Cambridgeshire, 367. ------------------- Oolite, Lias, &c., 364. ------------ recent, 339. ------------ tertiary, 366. Foraminifera-rocks in Arabia, 362. ------------------ India, 362. ------------------ New Zealand, 366. Forbes, Prof. E., works and researches of, 200, 299, 302, 304, 308, 380, 417, 419, 423, 530, 519, 557. Foreign localities of fossil fishes, 641. Forest marble, 28. Forests, submarine, 70. Forfarshire, 212, 525, 611. Fossil animal remains, 43. ------ articulata, 503. ------ birds, 759, 763. ------ bones, 45. ------ botany, 51. ------ brachiopoda, 388. ------ cephalopoda, 447. ------ chelonians, 729. ------ diatomaceæ, 88, 93. ------ echinodermata, 311. ------ fishes, 562. ------ flowers, 197. ------ foraminifera, 336. ------ fresh-water plants, 195. ------ fruits from the Isle of Sheppey, 53, 186. ------ mammalia, 775. ------ microphytes, 88. ------ plants in the Devonian rocks

------ of Forfarshire and Ireland, 212. ------ polypifera, 251. ------ porifera, 219. ------ reptiles, 643. ------ resin, 52, 181. ------ shells, 381, 394, 413, 417, 421, 424. ------ sugar-loaves, 323. ------ vegetables, 51, 61, 86. ------ wood, examination of, 65. ------ zoology, 216. Fossiliferous rocks, order of the, 21. Fossils, definition of, 15, 37. ------- nature of, 37. ------- once thought to be _Lusus Naturæ_, 2. Fowlstone, Mr., researches of, 702. Franconia, 808, 820. Frankfort, 202. Fresh-water plants, fossil, 195. ---------- shells, fossil, 413, 421. ---------- turtles, fossil, 736. Frogs, fossil, 740. Fucoides Lamourouxii, 103. Fucoids, fossil, 101. Fuller’s-earth oolite, 28. Fungia, 253, 256. Fusulina cylindrica, 346. Fusus contrarius, 418, 425.

G.

Gailenreuth, 808. Galecynus Œningensis, 812. Galerites albo-galerus, 322. Galeritidæ, 322. Galionella, 92, 96. Ganoid fish, 568, 600. Gardiner, Mr., researches of, 625. Gasteropoda 378, 417. Gavialis Dixoni, 677. Geological distribution of bivalve and univalve mollusca, 436. -------------------------- Cephalopoda, 492. -------------------------- Crinoidea, 309. -------------------------- Crustacea, 542. -------------------------- Echinodermata, 330. -------------------------- Fishes, 632. -------------------------- Foraminifera, 369. -------------------------- Sauroid-batrachians, 748. -------------------------- Zoophytes, 273. Geological Excursions. _See Excursions._

Geology, meaning of term, 1. Geoteuthis, 463. Geysers of Iceland, 40. Gibbes, Dr. R. W., on fossil mosasaurus, 707. ---------------------------- squalidæ, 593. Gibraltar, 765, 782, 808. Gigantic crustaceans, fossil, 524. -------- deer of Ireland, fossil, 783. -------- sloths, fossil, 798. Giraffe, fossil, 784. Glammis, Forfarshire, 611. Glaris, Switzerland, 730. Glasgow, 746. Globigerina cretacea, 342, 350. Glossopteris Phillipsii, 116. Glyphea rostrata, 519. Glyptodon clavipes, 799. Goldfuss, Dr., and Von Meyer, on the Archegosaurus, 746. Goldsworth Hill, Surrey, 597. Goniastea, 301. Goniaster Hunteri, 305. --------- Mantelli, 306. Goniatites Listen, 482. ---------- striatus, 482. Goniopholis crassidens, 658, 677. Gorgonia, 253, 265. Grantia, 221. Graptolites Ludensis, 255. ----------- Murchisoni, 255. Graptolitidæ, 254. Grauwacke series, 32. Gravesend, Kent, 305, 317, 355, 708, 710, 843. Grays, Essex, 815. Great Oolite, 28. Greenland, 632. Greenock, Lord, researches of, 622. Grignon, France, 418, 425. Grinsell, Salop, 712, 753. Gristhorpe Bay, Yorkshire, 526. Grooby, 903. Gryphæa incurva, 397. -------- sinuata, 398. -------- virgula, 398. Gryphites, 396. Gymnosperms, 60. Gyrodus Murchisoni, 609. Gyrogonites, 195.

H.

Hackney, 674. Halichondria, 221. Halonia regularis, 144. Hamites cylindraceus, 486. Hammers, 832. Hampton Court, polished Devonian marbles in pavements at, 476. Hamsey, Sussex, 401, 408, 428, 459, 470, 476, 484, 485, 486, 487, 588, 621. Hamster fossil, 803. Hanwell, 395, 837, 859. Hare, fossil, 809. Harkness, Prof., researches of, 750, 772. Harlam, Dr., on the Zeuglodon, 780. Harris, Mr. W., researches of, 363, 579. Hartwell, Bucks, 408, 428, 520, 557, 863. Hartz, 808. Hastings, Marchioness of, researches of, 676, 791. Hastings, Sussex, 164, 180, 417, 773. Havre, 680. Hawkins, Mr. T., researches of, 48, 663. Hawkshaw, Mr., on fossil foot-prints, 750. ------------------------ trees, 127. Hayward’s Heath, 850. Headley, Surrey, 395. Headon Hill, Isle of Wight, 421, 423, 424, 847. Heathfield, Sussex, 180. Helianthoida, 254. Hemerobioides giganteus, 553. Hemicidaris crenularis, 311. ----------- intermedia, 316, 319. Hemipristis serra, 591, 593. Hempstead Cliff, 628. Henslow’s, Prof., works referred to, 54. Hermit-crab, fossil, 515. Herne Bay, 791, 816, 843. Herpetichnus, 753. Hessburg, Saxony, 752. Highgate Hill, 181, 367, 405, 463. High Tor, Matlock, 875. Highworth, Wilts, 397, 412. Hildesheim, Saxony, 607. Himalayas, 482. Hippopotamus, fossil, 795. Hippurites, 393. Hitchcock, Prof., on Ornithoidichnites, 769. Hoer, Scania, 122. Hohen-Warte, Osterwald, 74. -----------, brown-coal of, 74. Holaster, 330. Holectypus inflatus, 324. Holloway, 882. Holmes, Mr., researches of, 702. Holoptychius, 618. Holothuriadæ, 280. Homalonotus delphinocephalus, 536. Homœosolen ramulosus, 268, 271. Honfleur, 680. Hooker, Dr. J., on Arctic Diatomaceæ, 89. -------------- on Lepidodendron, 139. Hordwell, Hants, 405, 528, 595, 597, 675, 731, 738. Horley, 850. Horn of Iguanodon, 661. Horse, fossil, 797. Horsham, Sussex, 417, 774. Howitt, Mrs., stanzas by, 496. Hudson River, mixture of fluviatile and marine species in the, 100. Human bones, fossil, 775, 815. Hunterian Museum, fossils in the, 799, 801. Hurstpierpoint, 851. Hutton, Somerset, 811, 866. Hyæna, fossil, 793, 808, 811. Hybodus medius, 591. ------- raricostatus, 591. ------- subcarinatus, 578, 580. Hydra, common fresh-water, 252, 253. Hydroida, 254. Hylæosaurus Owenii, 658, 688. Hymenocaris, 526. Hyopotamus, 791. Hypanthocrinus, 297. Hypogene rocks, 34. Hypsodon Lewesiensis, 630. Hyracotherium, 791. Hythe, Kent, 182, 683.

I.

Iceland, 72. -------, lignite in, 72. Ichnolites of Crustacea, 543, 749. ------------- reptiles, 749. ----------, tridactylous, 768. Ichthyodorulites, 576. Ichthyolites, 562. Ichthyopatolites, 632. Ichthyosaurus, 662. Idmonea Comptoniana, 268, 272. ------- cretacea, 268, 271. ------- Dixoniana, 268, 271. Iguana, teeth of, 648. Iguanodon Mantelli, 661, 691. Illænus perovalis, 533. Ilminster, 549, 560, 617, 669, 680. Imprints of acalephs or jelly-fish on stone, 280, 772. ----------- feet of bird-like bipeds, 768. ----------- fin-markings, 632. ----------- leaves, 201. ----------- rain-drops on stone, 751, 771. Incrustation, 38. Incrusting springs at Matlock, 872. India, beds of foraminifera in, 362. Indiana, 365. Inferior Oolite, 28. Inoceramus concentricus, 402. ---------- Cuvieri, 401. ---------- shell perforated by Clionites, 403. ---------- sulcatus, 402. Insectiferous Purbeck limestone, 556. Insectivora, fossil, 812. Insects, fossil, 547. Instructions for collecting specimens, 831. ---------------- the microscopical examination of chalk, &c. 371. Internal structure of sigillaria, 130. Investigating fossil remains of plants, instructions for, 54, 61. Ireland, 70, 94, 212, 321, 427, 430. -------, fossil microphytes from, 94. -------, peat-bogs of, 70. Irish deer, fossil gigantic, 783. Ischyodus, 590. Isle of France, 763. ------- Man, 783. ------- Portland, 70, 156, 169,230, 397, 412. ---------------- petrified forest in the, 70. ------- Purbeck, 417, 422, 604, 736. ------- Sheppey, 175, 186, 193, 202, 307, 470, 511, 515, 591, 597, 674, 676, 731, 738, 767, 838, 840. ------- Wight, _passim_. Isoletus, 537. Isopoda, 521. Issoire, 765.

J.

Jäger, Dr., researches of, 742, 805, 815. Japan, 555. Jardine, Sir W., researches of, 752, 753. Jarrow, 139, 144. Jaw of Iguanodon, 693. Jeffery, Mr., on silicification, 38. Jelly-fishes, 280, 772. Jet, 72. Johnston, Dr. G., on the porifera, 219. Juglans nux-taurinensis, 198. Jurassic formation, 27.

K.

Kakaunui, New Zealand, 348. Kangaroo, fossil, 803. Kelæno furiosa, 447. Kendal, Westmoreland, 524. Kent’s Cave, 810, 813, 816. Kentucky, 298, 794. Kimmeridge clay, 27. Kington, Radnorshire, 524. Kirkdale, Yorkshire, 764, 783, 802, 809. Kirton, near Glasgow, 524. Klein, Balthazar, on coal, 76. Knorria taxina, 144. Königsberg, Prussia, 182. Köstritz, 813. Kropp. Carniola, 809. Kyson, Suffolk, 739, 791, 805, 812, 813, 815.

L.

Labyrinthodon Jægeri, 742, 753. ------------- leptognathus, 753. ------------- foot-prints of, 753. ------------- pachygnathus, 753. ------------- scutulatus, 743. Labyrinthodontoid reptiles, the geological distribution of, 748. Labyrinthodonts, 741. Lacertia, 646, 705. Lahn Valley, 765. Lake Huron, 476. ---- Macquarrie, Australia, 171. Lamellibranchiata, 376. Lamna crassidens, 594. ----- elegans, 594. Land-tortoises, 727. Langton Green, Kent, 527. Lapland, 96. -------, diatomaceous earth in, 96. Lartet, M., researches of, 814. Lathrobium, 558. Lawford, 765. Lea, Mr. I., researches of, 749. Leach, Dr., researches of, 512. Leamington, 742. Leaves, fossil, from Stradella, 201. ------, investigation of fossil, 64. Lebach, Saarbrück, 745. Lebias cephalotes, 562, 628. Leguminosites dimidiatus, 189. ------------- subquadrangularis,189. Leiodon anceps, 709. Length of Iguanodon, 702. Lennel Braes, near Coldstream, 167. Lepadidæ, 506, 508. Leperditia, 526. Lepidodendron, 137. Lepidoid fishes, 600. Lepidosteus, 616. Lepidostrobus, the fruit of Lepidodendron, 140. Lepidotus Fittoni, 606. --------- Mantelli, 605. --------- minor, 607. Leptæna, 392. Leptolepis, 617. Lewes, Sussex, 174, 234, 243, 244, 245, 248, 267, 268, 286, 291, 299, 320, 323, 388, 390, 399, 401, 403, 431, 458, 471, 491, 513, 517, 567, 577, 579, 584, 589, 584, 596, 624, 626, 628, 734, 779. Lias series, 28. Libellula, fossil, 551. Lignite, 71. Liliaceæ, 194. Lily-encrinite, 285, 292. Lily-like animals, 280. Limnadiadæ, 526. Limnæus longiscatus, 410, 423. Limulus rotundatus, 522. ------- trilobitoides, 523. Lincolnshire, 367. ------------ buried forests in, 70. ------------ fens, diatomaceous deposits in the, 95. -----------------, fossil foraminifera of the, 367. Lindley and Hutton, on fossil remains of plants, 61. Lindley, Dr., on the principles of botany, 58. ------------ on venation of leaves, 64. Lingula, 393. Linnæus on Trilobites, 533. Liparus, 558. Lister, Dr. Martin, on fossils, 3, 18. Lithododendron sociale, 227, 264. Lithodomus, 408. Lithornis vulturinus, 767. Lithostrotion columnare, 260. Lituola nautiloidea, 347, 349. Liverpool, 198. Llampeter, 504. Llandeilo or Bala series, 33. Lloyd, Dr., researches of, 742. Lobster-clays of Atherfield, 518. Lobsters, fossil, 515. Localities, British, of fossil cephalopods, 499. ------------------------------ crustaceans, 546. ------------------------------ fishes, 640. ------------------------------ mammalians, 818. ------------------------------ reptiles, 756. ------------------------------ vegetables, 213. ------------------------------ zoophytes, 278. ----------, foreign, of fossil fishes, 641. Lodève, 178. Logan, Mr. W. E., researches of, 81, 543, 749. Lonchopteris Mantelli, 119. Lonjumeau, France, 197. Lonsdale, Mr. W., researches of, 270, 274, 352, 408, 528, 530. Lophiodon, 789. Loricula pulchella, 507. Lower Greensand, 25. ----- jaw of reptiles, 651. ----- Silurian, or Cambrian series, 33. Ludlow, 255, 639. ------ Bone-bed, 639. ------ series, 33. Lund, Dr., researches of, 799, 808, 814. Lunel-Viel, 765. Lunulites radiatus, 227, 273. Lycopodites, 143. Lycopodium, or club-moss, 140. Lyell, Sir C., works and researches of, 20, 206, 289, 375, 413, 528, 558, 747, 751, 805. Lyme Regis, Dorset, 176, 293, 304, 464, 492, 512, 520, 549, 585, 591, 596, 603, 664, 669, 725. Lymm, Cheshire, 750, 772.

M.

Macculloch on coal, peat, lignite, &c., 76. MacEnery, the late Rev. J., researches of, 810. Mackeson, Mr., researches of, 683. Mackie, Mr. J. S., researches of, 858. Macleay, Mr., on trilobites, 534, 540. M’Coy, Prof. F., works and researches of, 252, 275, 321, 524, 532, 534, 576, 514. Macropoma Mantelli, 620. Macrura, 515. Madrepora, 253, 264. Maestricht, 265, 269,274, 346, 411, 515, 705, 730. ---------- chalk, 25. Magnesian limestone series, 30. --------- limestones of Matlock, 878. Maidstone, Kent, 173, 180, 194, 268, 409, 433, 485, 507, 518, 683, 692. Maine, United States, 76. -----, lignite in the hogs of, 76. Malcolmson, Mr., researches of in India, 529. Mallotus villosus, 631. Malta, 326, 512, 591, 812. Malton, 149, 492. Mammalia, fossil, 775. -------- of Stonesfield, fossil, 805. -------- teeth of, 793. -------- Triassic, 805. Manchester, 129. Mansfeld, Saxony, 178, 602. Mantell, Mr. Reginald, researches of, 240; 290, 369. ------- Mr. Walter, researches of, 95, 211, 273, 347, 348, 366, 702. Mantellia cylindrica, 158. --------- nidiformis, 157. Marbles composed of fresh-water shells, 422. March, Lincolnshire, 368. Margate, Kent, 230. Marine univalves, fossil, 424. Markfield, 903. Marlstone of the Lias, 29. Marsupialia, fossil, 803. Marsupites Milleri, 289, 299. Maryland, U. S., 593. Massachusetts, 769. -------------, biped foot-tracks of, 769. Masson Hill, 870, 873. Mastodon elephantoides, 794. -------- giganteus, 786. Matlock, 870. Mauritius, 763. Medals of creation, fossils so called, 17. Megalichthys, 617. Megalosaurus Bucklandi, 686. Megaphyton, 144, 145. Megatherium, 798. Meissen, 765. Melania, 426. Melanopsis, 416, 424. Melbourne, Australia, 803. Melville, Dr., researches of, 681, 763. Memel, Prussia, 182. Mendip Hills, 810. Meridion vernale, Dr. Bailey on the, 93. Merstham, 849. Mesostylus Faujasii, 515. Metamorphic rocks, 34. Meyeria ornata, 519. Micraster cor-anguinum, 328. Microdon, 610. Microphytes, fossil, 88, 337. Microscopical examination, 65, 371, 639. Microzoa, 338. Middleton Moor, Derbyshire, 285, 894. Millepora rhombifera, 264, 268. Miller, Mr., works and researches of, 288, 331, 456, 864. ------ Mr. Hugh, works and researches of, 32, 612, 614, 618, 619. Millstone-grit, 31. Mimosites Browniana, 189. Minerals, definition of, 15. Miocene deposits, 24. Mississippi, floating wood-rafts of the, 79. Missouri, U. S., 365, 628, 708. Mocha-stones, 103. Modiola, 407. Moira, Ireland, 237. Mole, fossil, 812. Mollusca, 374. Molluskite, 358, 432. Monheim, Franconia, 711. Monkeys, fossil, 813. Monocarya centralis, 257. Monocotyledons, 59. Monomyaria, 395. Monoprion, 256. Montagu, Capt. W., notice of bone-caves in Franconia, 820. Monte Bolca, 197, 599. Montmartre, 198, 521, 731, 766, 789, 804, 813. Moore, Mr. C., researches of, 549, 657, 680. Mornbach, 766. Morris, Mr., works and researches of, 233. 238, 404, 508, 549. Morton, Dr., researches of, 257, 344, 399, 586. Mosasaurus gracilis, 709. ---------- Hoffmanni, 705. ---------- Maximiliani, 708. Moss-agate, 103. Mosses, fossil, 104. Mostyn, Flintshire, 632. Mount Lebanon, 599. Mount Randen, Switzerland, 297. Mount Sorel, 868, 900. Mountain limestone, 31. Mouse, fossil, 809. Muggendorf, 783. Münster-Appel, 745. Münster, Count, researches of, 465, 550. Murchison, Sir R. I., works and researches of, 33, 80, 256, 365, 504, 558, 559, 753, 812. Murchisonia bilineata, 430. Mussel-band in the coal-measures, 414. Mycetophila, 558. Myliobatis micropleurus, 598. Mylodon robustus, 800. Mytilus, 407.

N.

Natica plicistria, 428. Nautilidæ, 469. Nautilus Deslongchampsii, 470. -------- elegans, 471. -------- pompilius, 467. -------- pseudo-elegans, 470. -------- Saxbyi, 472. Nave-encrinites, 294. Navicula, 91. Nemacanthus, 588. Nereis, 504. Nereites Cambrensis, 504. Nerita, 507. Neuber’s liquid glue, 46. Neuroptera, fossil, 551. Neuropteris acuminata, 115. Newcastle, 138,531. New Cross, 837, 849. Newhaven, lignite at, 73. --------, near Leith, 601. --------, Sussex, 73, 175, 201, 425, 578

New Jersey, U. S., 520, 585, 628, 708. New Red Sandstone series, 29. New Zealand, 95, 172, 318, 390, 763, 812. -----------, cidarites from, 318. ----------- fossil birds of, 763. ----------- fossil diatomaceæ in, 95. ----------- fossil foraminifera in, 366. ----------- the flora of, 210. Niagara River, 259. Nice, 765, 808. Nicol’s method of microscopical examination of fossil plants, 65. Nipadites cordiformis, 188. --------- lanceolatus, 188. Nodosaria, 347. Nodules, method of opening, 49. Nœggerathia, 181. Nonionina Germanica, 350. Normandy, 470. Northampton, the late Marquis of, researches of, 350. Northfleet, Kent, 317, 711. Norway, 256, 538. Norwich, 406. Notidanus microdon, 594. Notopocorystes Bechei, 514. -------------- Broderipii, 513. -------------- Stokesii, 513. Nucleolites, 326. Nucula, 406. Nummulites lævigatus, 344. Nymphæa arethusa, 196.

O.

Obolus, 392. Ocellaria inclusa, 247. Odontopteris Schlotheimii, 116. Œningen, near Constance, 200, 559, 627, 731, 741, 765, 812. -------, fossil fox of, 812. ------- fossil insects from, 559. Offenbach, 739. Offham, Sussex, 267. Ogygia Buchii, 537. Ohio. U.S., 259, 262, 278, 286, 365. Old Red Sandstone series, 31, 618. Onychoteuthis, 462. Oolite formation, 27. ------ zoophytes of the, 275. Ophidia, 646, 738. Ophiura Egertoni, 305. ------- Prattii, 305. ------- serrata, 305. Ophiuridæ, 303, 304. Opossum, fossil, 804. Orbicula, 392. Orbitoides Mantelli, 346. Oreston, near Plymouth, 810. Organic remains, nature of, 37. Ornithoidichnites, 768. Ornitholites, 759, 763. Orthacanthus, 581. Orthis, 392. Orthoceratidæ, 469, 474. Orthoceras conicum, 475. ---------- giganteum, 474. ---------- gregarium, 475. ---------- laterale, 475. ---------- striatum, 475. Osmeroides Lewesiensis, 627. ---------- Mantelli, 627. Osmington, Dorset, 408, 412. Ossicles of encrinites, 284. -------- starfishes, 303. Ossiferous caverns, 808. Ostend. near Bacton, 812. Osteology of birds, 760. --------- fishes, 572. --------- mammals, 776. --------- reptiles, 651. Osteolepis, 618. Ostracoda, 526. Ostrea carinata, 396. ------ deltoidea, 396. ------ plicata, 396. ------ semiplana, 396. ------ vesicularis, 396. Otodus obliquus, 591, 594. Otolithes, 574, 639, 778. Ototara, New Zealand, 366. Owen, Prof.,[822] classification of animals, 826.

[822] We have here refrained from making many references to the very numerous passages in the text in which our great palæontologist’s investigations and opinion, in almost every branch of vertebrate and invertebrate zoology, have been freely and of necessity quoted by the Author and Editor,--always, however with due and grateful acknowledgment.

------------------------------- reptiles, 646. ----------- on the archegosaurus, 746. ------------------ belemnite, 456. ------------------ brachiopoda,393. ------------------ dendrerpeton, 748. ------------------ dinosauria, 684. ------------------ labyrinthodonts, 742. ------------------ teeth of reptiles, 646. ------------------ zeuglodon, 781. ----------- work on British fossil mammals and birds referred to, 776, _et passim_. ------------------ odontography, 564, 570, _et passim_. ------------------ the mylodon, 801. Oxford clay, 27. ----------- fossil wood in the, 172. Oyster-shells, fossil, 395.

P.

Pachycormus, 617. Pachydermata, fossil, 785. Pachypteris lanceolata, 112. Paddle of ichthyosaur, 668. --------- plesiosaur, 668. Paisley, 525. Palæochinidæ, 322. Palæoniscus, 601. Palæontology, meaning of the term, 2. Palæophis toliapicus, 738. --------- typhæus, 738. Palæosaurus, 713. Palæospalax, 812. Palæotherium magnum, 789. Palæoxylon, 167. Palæozoic cidaritidæ, 321. --------- rocks, 30. --------- zoophytes, 275. Palapteryx, 764. Palermo, 808. Paleryx, 738. Palliobranchiata or Brachiopoda, 376. Palmacites, 183. Palm-fruits, fossil, 186. Palm-leaves, fossil, 185. Paloplotherium, 791. Paludina fluviorum, 418, 421. Pampas, South America, 798. Pandanus, fossil fruit of, 192. Panorpa Liassica, 553. Paper-nautilus, 450, 465. Pappenheim, 520, 521. Parabatrachus Colei, 746. Paradoxides Bohemicus, 538. Paramoudra, 236. Paris. _See Montmartre._ Parish, Sir Woodbine, works and researches of, 798, 799. Parkinson, Mr., his work and researches, 77, 292, _et passim_. _See Pict. Atlas._ Pearce, Mr. C., researches of, 288, 456, 669. Pear-encrinite, 287. Peat, 70. Pecopteris lonchitica, 118. ---------- Murrayana, 118. ---------- Sillimani, 110. Pecten Beaveri, 400. ------ Jacobæus, 400. ------ quinquecostatus, 400. ------ opercularis, 385. Pectunculus, 405. Pedicellariæ, 313. Pentacrinus caput-medusæ, 282. ----------- Hiemeri, 293. Pentamerus, 391. Penthetria, 558. Pentremites pyriformis, 286, 297. Permian deposits, 30. Perna, 402. Petalopora pulchella, 224, 270. Petersburgh, Virginia, 97. ------------------, diatomaceous earth at, 97. Petricola Patagonica, 377. Petrifactions, nature of, 37. Petrified forests of conifers, 169. --------- "horns," 394. --------- "mushrooms," 242. --------- "rams'-horns," 260, 862. --------- "salt-cellars," 861. --------- trees in Egypt, 203. Petrophiloides Richardsoni, 188. Peuce, 168. Pevensey, 519. Phacops caudatus, 538. Phanerogamia, 59. Phascolotherium Bucklandi, 806. Phlebopteris Phillipsii, 120. ------------ propinqua, 120. Phillips, Prof., works and researches of, 44, 321, 365, 420, 427, 807. Pholadomya, 408. Pholas priscus, 408, 507. Phryganea, fossil larvæ of, 559. Physa in the Purbeck beds, 423. Pickering, Yorkshire, 307. Pictou, Nova Scotia, 109. Pictorial Atlas, referred to, 9, 187, 228, 257, 263, 285, 317, 404, _et passim_. Pinites Fittoni, 177. Pinna, 406. Pinus, 177. Placodus, 610. Placoid fish, 568, 582. Plagiostoma giganteum, 400. Planorbis, 423. Plants, fossil, 51. Platycrinus, 287. Platysomus, 610. Pleistocene deposits, 23. Pleodont lizards, 648. Plesiosaurus, 662. 671. Pleurodont reptiles, 648. Pleurotoma, 425. Pleurotomaria flammigera, 427. Plicatula inflata, 400. Plieninger, M., researches of, 805. Pliocene deposits, 24. Pliosaurus, 673. Plumstead, Kent, 395, 406. Plutonic rocks, 34. Podocarya, 192. Podosphenia, 92. Podozamites Mantelli, 154. Pœcilopleuron Bucklandi, 679. Polierschiefer of Bilin, 96. Polperro, Cornwall, 238. Polycotyledons, 60. Polyparium, 252. Polype in flint, 250. Polypidom, 252. Polypifera, 251, 280. Polypothecia dichotoma, 231. Polyptychodon continuus, 683. ------------- interruptus, 683. Polyzoa, 253. Pondicherry, 485. Poole, Dorset, 560. Populus gæeca, 201. Porcupine, fossil, 803. Porifera, 219. Portishead, 864. Portland. _See_ Isle of Portland. -------- oolite, 27. Post-pliocene deposits, 23. Potamides, 425. Potamogeton, fossil, 106, 201. Poteriocrinus, 287. Potsville, U.S., 645. Potter, Mr., researches of, 579. Pounceford, Sussex, 105. Prestwich, Mr., researches of, 523, 528, 542

Preston, Sussex, 227, 305. Primrose Hill, 767. Pristis, 597. Productus, 392. Protozoa, 219. Psammodus, 587. Psarolites, 123. Pseudomorphic crystals, 42. Pterichthys cornutus, 612. Pterodactylus compressirostris, 726. ------------- crassirostris, 724. ------------- Cuvieri, 726. ------------- macronyx, 726. Pterophylluni comptum, 152. Pteropoda, 378, 417. Pterosauria, 646, 723. Pterygotus, 525. Ptychoceras Emericianum, 486. Ptychodus gibberulus, 578. --------- polygurus, 594. --------- spectabilis, 578, 585. Pulley-stones, 285. Purbeck. See Isle of Purbeck. ------- marble, 422, 435. ------- series, 26. Purfleet, 317, 843. Pustulopora pustulosa, 268, 270. Puy-de-Dome, 765. Puy en Velais, 186. Puzzuoli, 408. Pycnodus, 607. Pyrenees, 393, 432. Pyrites, 893. Pyritous fossil fruits, 53. Pyxidiculum, 91.

Q.

Quadrumana, fossil, 813. Quedlingbourg, 765. Queenborough, 838.

R.

Radiata, 280. Radipole, Dorset, 408, 412. Radoboj, Croatia, 559. Railway sections, 837, 849, 859. Rain-prints on stone, 751, 771. Raphiosaurus subulidens, 711. Rastrites, 256. Ratisbon, 591. Rays, fossil, 597. Reade, Rev. J. B., researches of, 241, 250. Reading, Berkshire, 395. Recent shell-rock, 384, 386. Redland, near Bristol, 713. Regent’s-park, London, 194, 411. Regnosaurus Northamptoni, 705. Remains, fossil animal, 43. Reptilia, 643. Reptiles, Ichnolites of, 749. Resins, fossil, 52, 181. Retepora laxa, 269. Retrospect of fossil Botany, 206. -------------------- zoology, 822. Rhine, brown-coal of the, 72. -----, tripoli of the, 90. Rhinoceros, fossil, 796. Rhizopoda, 338. Rhodocrinus, 287, 297. Rhynchonella plicatilis, 388, 391. ------------ subplicata, 388, 391. Rhynchosaurus articeps, 712. -------------, foot-prints of, 753. Richardson, Mr. W., researches of, 791, 843. Richmond, Virginia, 97. ------------------, diatomaceous earth at, 97. Ridgway Hill, Dorset, 522. 557. Riley, Dr., researches of, 713. Ringinella, 426. Ringmer, Sussex, 406, 453, 458, 487, 490, 512, 519. River-tortoises, 727. Rjeff on the Volga, 608. Roane Hill, Tyrone, 601. Rochester, 508. Rocks and strata, 19. Rodents, fossil, 802. Rodriquez Island, 763. Roof of the coal, 82. Rosalina, 342, 351, 356, 358, 359. Rostellaria, 426. Rotalia, 351. Rottingdean, 852, 856, 858. Rouen, 368, 471, 491. Rule, Mr., researches of, 763. Ruminants, fossil, 782. Runcorn, Cheshire, 750, 772. Ruppersdorf, Bohemia, 581. Russia, 365, 392, 524, 538, 608, 619. Ryde, Isle of Wight, 816, 847.

S.

Saarbrück, Lorraine, 601. Sabella, 385. Sacrum of reptiles, 655. Sahara Desert, 170. Salamander, fossil, 741. Salamandroïdes, 742. Salenia, 318. Salter, Mr., researches of, 524, 526, 534, 749. Sandgate, Kent, 409, 507. Sandown Bay, Isle of Wight, 155, 164, 529. Sansan, near Audi, 814. Santa Fiora, diatomaceous earth at, 96. Sardinia, 765. Saull, Mr. W. D., researches of, 795. Sauria, 646. Saurocephalus lanciformis, 629. ------------- striatus, 629. Saurodon Leanus, 629. Sauroid fishes, 615. Sauroidei, 617. Sauroidei-dipterini, 618. Savone, 790. Saw-fish, fossil, 597. Scales of fishes, 566. Scalpellum maximum, 507. Scaphites æqualis, 488. Scarborough, 73, 113, 114, 116, 118, 152, 154, 168, 519. Scat-craig, Elgin, 618. Schaerbeek, Belgium, 191. Scorpion, fossil, 550. Scouler, Dr., researches of, 525. Screw-pines, 192. Screw-stones, 285. Scrope, Mr. P., on fossil phryganeæ, 560. Scutes of reptiles, 657. Scyphia foraminosa, 227. ------- intermedia, 227. ------- ramosa, 227. Sea anemones, 254. --- eggs, 312. --- slugs, 280. --- urchins, 280, 312. Seafield, Isle of Wight, 791. Seal, fossil, 812. Secondary rocks, 25. Selbourne, Hants, 396. Sepia, fossil, 447. Septarium with shells, 383. Serpents, 738. Serpula, 385, 505. Serres, Marcel de, researches of, 557. Sertularia, 253. Shalcombe, Isle of Wight, 421. Shanklin, or Lower Greensand, 25. Sharks, fossil teeth of, 582. ------ vertebræ of, 596. Sharp Mountain, Pennsylvania, 749. Shepherd’s crowns, 327. Sheppey, _See_ Isle of Sheppey. Shotover, Oxon, 680. Shrewley Common, Warwickshire. 753. Shrewsbury, 531, 712. Shrimps, fossil, 520. Sicily, 390. Siderastræa Websteri, 264. Siderolina, 346. Sigillariæ and Stigmariæ, 125. Sigillaria Defrancii, 128. ---------- elegans, 130. ---------- Saullii, 129. Silesia, 185. Silicification, 40. Silurian system, 32. Sind, 362. Siphonia lobata, 231. -------- Morrisiana, 224, 233. -------- pyriformis, 231. Siwalik Hills, 185, 278, 674, 731, 766, 782, 784, 786, 797, 814. Skeleton of fishes, 572. Skin of Ichthyosaur, 670. Sloths, fossil gigantic, .798. Smee, Mr., on fossilization of bones, 44. Smerdis minutus, 625. Smith, Dr. William, on fossils and strata, 18. -----, Mr. Toulmin, on the ventriculidæ, 226, 249, 268. Snakes, fossil eggs of, 739. Snibstone, Leicestershire, 149, 902. Solarium ornatum, 427. Solenhofen, 447, 492, 511, 520, 523, 550, 551, 617, 621, 724. ----------, fossil insects from, 551. Soleure, 730. South Africa, 536, 714. ------------, fossil reptiles from, 714. South America, bone-caves of, 808. -------------, fossil edentata of, 798. --------------------- monkey of, 814. -------------, Pampas of, 798. Southbourn, Sussex, 232, 408, 433, 487, 858. Southerham, Sussex, 401, 487. South Joggins, Bay of Fundy, 128, 747. South Petherwin, Cornwall, 474. Spatangidæ, 326. Spatangus planus, 330. Sphærulites Mortoni, 393, 430. Sphenophyllum erosum, 146, 148. ------------- Schlotheimi, 147, 148. Sphenopteris elegans, 112. ------------ Mantelli, 113. ------------ nephrocarpa, 113. Spicula of sponges, 234, 238. Spiders, fossil, 550. Spinax major, 580, 584. Spines of Cidarites, 319. Spiniferites palmatus, 241. ------------ ramosus, 239, 240. ------------ Reginaldi, 239, 241. Spirifer trigonalis, 390. Spirolina, 349. Spirulirostra Bellardii, 463. Spondylus spinosus, 399. Sponges, characters of, 220. -------, arrangement of recent, 221. ------- in chalk and flint, 222. Spongilla, 221. Spongites clavellatus, 224. --------- flexuosus, 226, 213. --------- labyrinthicus, 225, 243. --------- ramosus, 223. --------- Townsendi, 225. Spynie, near Elgin, 720. Squaloraia, 596. Squirrel, fossil, 802. St. Catherine’s, Isle of Wight, 233. --------------- Mount. _See_ Rouen. St. Cuthbert’s beads, 284. St. Etienne, France, 127, 178. St. Helen’s, near Liverpool, 136. St. Peter’s Mount. _See_ Maestricht. Staaren-stein, 123. Stag-horn encrinite, 291. Staithes, near Whitby, 307. Stammerham, Sussex, 774. Steganodictyum, 233. Steinhaur, Rev. H., on Stigmaria, 134. Stellaridæ, 280. Stems of arborescent ferns, 122. -------- encrinites, 284. -------- pentacrinites, 284. -------- plants, structure of, 55, 62. Sigillariæ, 128. Steneosaurus, 676. Sternbergia, 168. Sternum of ichthyosaur, 667. ---------- plesiosaur, 667, 672. Steyning, Sussex, 459, 471. Stigmaria ficoides, 133. Stigmariæ, the roots of sigillaria and lepidodendron, 132, 139. Stokes, Mr., researches of, 476, 540. Stone-lily, 292. Stone, Bucks, 557. Stone perforated by lithodomi, 408. Stonesfield, Oxon, 152, 168, 181, 553, 587, 686, 725, 730, 765, 805. -----------, fossil mammalia of, 805. ----------- slate, 28. Stonnis, 883, 896. Storeton Hill, near Liverpool, 730, 751, 753, 772. -------------, ichnolites at, 751, 772. Stradella, near Pavia, 201. Strata and rocks, 19. ------ composed of foraminifera, 352. ------, synopsis of British, 23. Stratification of a coal-field, 80. Strensham, Worcestershire, 106. Streptospondylus, 680. Strickland, Mr. H. E., researches of, 552, 639, 753, 763. Stromatopora, 262. Strombodes, 262. Strophodus magnus, 587. Structure of coniferæ, 57. ------------ vegetables, 55. Studd Hill, 843. Stutchbury, Mr., researches of, 265, 713. Stuttgart, Würtemberg, 805. Stylastritæ, 287. Sub-Apennines, 503. Sub-Himalayas. _See_ Siwalik Hills. Submerged forests, 70. Suchosaurus cultridens, 676. Suggsville, U. S., 346. Sulz-les-bains, near Strasburg, 117, 181. Sunderland, 430. Sundridge, Kent, 395. Sussex marble, 422, 435. Swabia, 775, 815. Swanage, Purbeck, 196, 607, 658, 677. ------- crocodile, 677. Swansea, 810. Sweden, 256, 392, 538. Swindon, 168, 412, 428, 862. Swithland, 900. Switzerland, 289. Sydenham, 789, 849. Synhedra, 92. Synopsis of British strata, 23. Syringopora ramulosa, 259, 262.

T.

Tæniopteris latifolia, 118. Taggart, Mr., researches of, 772. Tails of fishes, 574. Taxites, 181. Teeth of Fishes, 570, 582. -------- Glyptodon, 799. -------- Ichthyosaur, 665. -------- Iguanodon, 693. -------- Labyrinthodon, 743. -------- Mammalia, 793. -------- Plesiosaur, 665. -------- Reptiles, 646. -------- Sharks, fossil, 582. Teleosaurus Cadomensis, 680. ----------- Chapmanni, 675, 679. ----------- priscus, 680. Telerpeton Elginense, 720. Temple Church, the pillars of, composed of fresh-water marble, 422, 435. Temple of Jupiter Serapis, the columns of, perforated by Lithodomi, 408. Terebratula carnea, 390. ----------- semiglobosa, 388. ----------- subrotunda, 388. Teredo, 193, 410. Tertiary coniferous wood, 175. -------- foraminifera, 366. -------- ornitholites, 765. -------- rocks, 24. -------- zoophytes, 274. Tethea, 221. Tettigonia spumaria, 558. Tetrabranchiata, 449, 466. Tetragonolepis, 604. Textularia globulosa, 342, 352. Thalictroides Parisiensis, 198. ------------- Websteri, 198. Thames River, 386. Thecodontosaurus, 713. Thecodont reptiles, 648. Thuites Kurrianus, 180. Tilgate Forest, Sussex, 75, 113, 119, 159, 414, 417, 530, 578, 580, 592, 605, 608, 660, 677, 681, 687, 690, 704, 725, 734, 773, 768. Tisbury, Wilts, 263, 413. Toadstone of Derbyshire, 875, 878, 893. Torbay, Devon, 259, 262, 764, 810, 816. Torpedo. 598. Tortoises, 726. Touraine, 426. Toxaster complanatus, 329. Toxoceras Emericianum, 484. Track-marks of bipeds, 768. -------------- crustaceans, 543, 749. -------------- fishes, 632. -------------- reptiles, 749. Tragos Farringdoniensis, 229. ------ peziza, 229. Transition series, 32. Trap of Crich Hill, 884, 891. Travertine, or tufa, 40. Trees, fossil, dicotyledonous, 203. -------------, in the Coal-measures, 136. --------------------- Purbeck series, 169. --------------------- Wealden, 170. -----, silicified, in Australia, 170. --------------------- Egypt, 170, 203. Tretosternon Bakewelli, 737. Trevelyan, Mr., fossil upright stems in Northumberland noticed by, 128. Trias series, 29. Triassic mammalian teeth, 805. Tridactylous imprints, 768, 772. Trigonia clavellata, 397, 412. -------- costata, 397, 412. -------- gibbosa, 397, 412. Trigonocarpum Nœggerathi, 149. ------------- olivæforme, 149. Trilobites, 532. ----------, geological distribution of, 543. Trinucleus Lloydii, 538. Trionyx, 727. Triplosporite, 142. Trochites, 284. Trochus ziziphinus, 385. Trogontherium, 803. Trowbridge, Wilts, 479. Trunks and stems of fossil cycads, 156. ------ of sigillariæ with roots, 126. --------- trees, investigation of, 62. Tufa or travertine, 40, 872. Tunbridge Wells, 415, 530. Tunicata, 375. Turban-echinites, 313. Turbinolia Kœnigii, 257. Turin, 198, 463. Turner’s Falls, Massachusetts, 769. Turrilites catenatus, 489. ---------- costatus, 489. ---------- tuberculatus, 491. Turritella conoidea, 383. Turtles, 726. Tuscany, 803.

U.

Ulodendron, 144, 145. Under-clays of the coal, 81. Unio, 414. United States, 256, 257, 364, 367, 399, 400. Univalve mollusks, 378, 417. Upper Silurian series, 33. Upright trunks of sigillariæ, 125. Ursus arctos, 811. ----- priscus, 812. ----- spelæus, 811.

V.

Vale of Wardour, 521, 552, 556. Valley of the Derwent, 882. Van Diemen’s Land, 170. Vegetables, fossil, 51. ----------, organization of, 54. Venation of leaves, 60, 64. Venericardia, 405. Ventnor, Isle of Wight, 230. Ventriculites alcyonoides, 247. ------------- quadrangularis, 267. ------------- radiatus, 242, 244. Venus’s fan, 265. Verneuilina tricarinata, 342, 352. Vertebræ of Fish, 574. ----------- Ichthyosaur, 666. ----------- Iguanodon, 698. ----------- Reptiles, 651. ----------- Serpents, 739. Verticellipora anastomosans, 227, 229, 273. Virginia, 97, 170. --------, fossil microphytes from, 97. Visé, Belgium, 459. Volcanic rocks, 35. Volkmannia, 146. Voltzia, 180.

W.

Waihora Lake, New Zealand, diatomaceæ from, 95. Wainlode Cliff, Gloucestershire, 553. Wakebridge, 884. Wakefield, Col., researches of, 763. Walchia hypnoides, 178. Waldenburg, Silesia, 112. Walton, Essex, 817. Wandsworth, 837. Ward, Dr. O., researches of, 712. Wareham, Dorset, 200. Warminster, Wilts, 231, 318. Water-rat, fossil, 809. Warwick, 742. Watchett, Somerset, 480. Wealden coal, 73. ------- formation, 26. -------, remains of birds in the, 768. -------, tridactylous ichnolites in the, 773. Webster, Prof., researches of, 22, 156, 202. Wellington Valley, Australia, 803. Wenlock series, 33. --------------, corals in the, 258, 261. -------, graptolites in the, 255. Westbury-on-Avon, 526, 588. Western Lines, Isle of Wight, 230. Westphalia, 622, 621. Westwood, Mr. J. O., researches of, 549. Wetherell, Mr. N. T., researches of, 508, 708. Wetherellia variabilis, 188. Weymouth, 397. Whales, fossil, 777. Whitby, 73, 106, 112, 477, 675,682. Whitecliff Bay, Isle of Wight, 185. Whittingham, Norfolk, 236. Whitwick, 902. Wiesbaden, 766. Wiesnau, 766. Williams, Rev. D., researches of, 811. --------, Rev. W., researches of, 763. Williamson, Prof., researches of, 155, 363, 367, 568, 620. Willingdon, Sussex, 156, 173. Witham’s method of microscopical examination of fossil plants, 65. Wood, examination of fossil, 65. ----, fossil coniferous, 167. ---- perforated by pholades, 409. ------------------ teredines, 193, 411. Woodhouse, 901. Woodward., Mr. S. P., notes by, 236, 317, 379, 425, 426, 447, 462, 463, 479. --------, Manual of Molluscs by, 381,449, 483. Woolwich, Kent, 395, 425. Worthing, Sussex, 235, 431. Würtemberg, 308, 463, 742, 805. Wyman, Prof. J., on dendrerpeton, 747. ---------------, on Lepidosteus, 616

X.

Xanthidium, 91. Xiphodon, 790.

Y.

Yorkshire, 226, 227, 268, 305, 427, 465, 477, 519, 595, 608. --------- oolite, 27.

Z.

Zamiæ, 150. Zamites crassus, 155. ------- Mantelli, 154. ------- ovatus, 155. ------- pectinatus, 152. -------Sussexiensis, 156. Zanthopsis Leachii, 512. ---------- tuberculatus, 512. Zeuglodon cetoides, 779. --------- squalodon, 781. Zoology, fossil, 216. Zoophytes, 218. ---------, distribution of fossil, 273. Zulinosprionites latus, 189.

THE END.

R. CLAY, PRINTER, BREAD STREET HILL.

Transcriber Note

Some standardization of word usage and formatting was made; but some of the original variant spellings retained (ex., M'Coy and McCoy). Italicizing of species, publications, authors, etc. was preserved.