Chapter 12

OF WOOD, AND TIMBER TESTING

ABBOT, ARTHUR V.: Testing machines, their history, construction and use. Van Nostrand's Eng. Mag., Vol. XXX, 1884, pp. 204-214; 325-344; 382-397; 477-490.

ADAMS, E.E.: Tests to determine the strength of bolted timber joints. Cal. Jour, of Technology, Sept., 1904.

ALVAREZ, ARTHUR C.: The strength of long seasoned Douglas fir and redwood. Univ. of Cal. Pub. in Eng., Vol. I, No. 2, Berkeley, 1913, pp. 11-20.

BARLOW, PETER: An essay on the strength and stress of timber. London, 1817; 3d ed., 1826.

----: Experiments on the strength of different kinds of wood made in the carriage department, Royal Arsenal, Woolwich. Jour. Franklin Inst., Vol. X, 1832, pp. 49-52. Reprinted from Philosophical Mag. and Annals of Philos., No. 63, Mch., 1832.

BATES, ONWARD: Pine stringers and floorbeams for bridges. Trans. Am. Soc. C.E., Vol. XXIII.

BAUSCHINGER, JOHANN: Untersuchungen über die Elasticität und Festigkeit von Fichten- und Kiefernbauhölzern. Mitt. a. d. mech.-tech. Laboratorium d. k. techn. Hochschule in München, 9. Hft., München, 1883.

----: Verhandlungen der Münchener Conferenz und der von ihr gewählten ständigen Commission zur Vereinbarung einheitlicher Prüfungsmethoden für Bau- und Constructions-material. _Ibid._, 14. Hft., 1886.

----: Untersuchungen über die Elasticität und Festigkeit verschiedener Nadelhölzer. _Ibid._, 16. Hft., 1887.

BEARE, T. HUDSON: Timber: its strength and how to test it. Engineering, London, Dec. 9, 1904.

BEAUVERIE, J.: Le bois. I. Paris, 1905, pp. 105-185.

----: Les bois industriels. Paris, 1910, pp. 55-77. Bending tests with wood, executed at the Danish State Testing Laboratory, Copenhagen. Proc. Int. Assn. Test. Mat., 1912, XXIII_{2}, pp. 17. See also Eng. Record, Vol. LXVI, 1912, p. 269.

BERG, WALTER G.: Berg's complete timber test record. Chicago, 1899. Reprint from Am. By. Bridges and Buildings. BOULGER, G.S.: Wood. London, 1908, pp. 112-121.

BOUNICEAU,--: Note et expériences sur la torsion des bois. [N.p., n.d.]

BOVEY, HENRY T.: Results of experiments at McGill University, Montreal, on the strength of Canadian Douglas fir, red pine, white pine, and spruce. Trans. Can. Soc. C.E., Vol. IX, Part I, 1895, pp. 69-236.

BREUIL, M. PIERRE: Contribution to the discussion on the testing of wood. Proc. Int. Assn. Test. Mat., 1906, Disc, 1_e_, pp. 2.

BROWN, T.S.: An Account of some experiments made by order of Col. Totten, at Fort Adams, Newport, R.I., to ascertain the relative stiffness and strength of the following kinds of timber, viz.: white pine (_Pinus strobus_), spruce (_Abies nigra_), and southern pine (_Pinus australis_), also called long-leaved pine. Jour. Franklin Inst., Vol. VII (n.s.), 1831, pp. 230-238.

BUCHANAN, C.P.: Some tests of old timber. Eng. News, Vol. LXIV, No. 23, 1910, p. 67.

BUSGEN, M.: Zur Bestimmung der Holzhärten. Zeitschrift f. Forst- und Jagdwesen. Berlin, 1904, pp. 543-562.

CHEVANDIER, E., et WERTHEIM, G.: Mémoire sur les propriétés mécaniques du bois. Paris, 1846.

CIESLAR, A.: Studien über die Qualität rasch erwachsenen Fichtenholzes. Centralblatt f. d. ges. Forstwesen, Wien, 1902, pp. 337-403.

CLINE, McGARVEY: Forest Service investigations of American woods with special reference to investigations of mechanical properties. Proc. Int. Assn. Test. Mat., 1912, XXIII_{5}, pp. 17.

----: Forest Service tests to determine the influence of different methods and rates of loading on the strength and stiffness of timber. Proc. Am. Soc. Test. Mat., Vol. VIII, 1908, pp. 535-540.

----: The Forest Products Laboratory: its purpose and work. Proc. Am. Soc. Test. Mat., Vol. X, 1910, pp. 477-489.

----: Specifications and grading rules for Douglas fir timber: an analysis of Forest Service tests on structural timbers. Proc. Am. Soc. Test. Mat., Vol. XI, 1911, pp. 744-766.

Comparative strength and resistance of various tie timbers. Elec. Traction Weekly, Chicago, June 15, 1912.

DAY, FRANK M.: Microscopic examination of timber with regard to its strength. 1883, pp. 6.

DEWELL, H.D.: Tests of some joints used in heavy timber framing. Eng. News, Mch. 19, 1914, pp. 594-598; _et seq._

DÖRR, KARL: Die Festigkeit von Fichten- und Kiefernholz. Deutsche Bauzeitung, Berlin, Aug. 17, 1910. See also Zeitschrift d. ver. deutsch. Ing., Bd. 54, Nr. 36, 1910, p. 1503.

DUPIN, CHARLES: Expériences sur la flexibilité, la force, et l'élasticité des bois. Jour, de l'École Polytechnique, Vol. X, 1815.

DUPONT, ADOLPHE, et BOUQUET DE LA GRYE: Les bois indigènes et étrangers. Paris, 1875, pp. 273-352.

ESTRADA, ESTEBAN DUQUE: On the strength and other properties of Cuban woods. Van Nostrand's Eng. Mag., Vol. XXIX, 1883, pp. 417-426; 443-449.

EVERETT, W.H.: Memorandum on mechanical tests of some Indian timbers. Govt. Bul. No. 6 (o.s.), Calcutta.

EXNER, WILHELM FRANZ: Die mechanische Technologie des Holzes. Wien, 1871. (A translation and revision of Chevandier and Wertheim's Mémoire sur les propriétés mécaniques du bois.)

----: Die technischen Eigenschaften der Hölzer. Lorey's Handbuch der Forstwissenschaft, II. Bd., 6. Kap., Tübingen, 1903.

FERNOW, B.E.: Scientific timber testing. Digest of Physical Tests, Vol. I, No. 2, 1896, pp. 87-95.

FOWKE, FRANCIS: Experiments on British colonial and other woods. 1867.

GARDNER, ROLAND: I. Mechanical tests, properties, and uses of thirty Philippine woods. II. Philippine sawmills, lumber market and prices. Bul. 4, Bu. For., P.I., 1906. (2d ed., 1907, contains tests of 34 woods.)

GAYER, KARL: Forest utilization. (Vol. V, Schlich's Manual of Forestry. Translation of Die Forstbenutzung, Berlin, 1894.) London, 1908.

GOLLNER, H.: Ueber die Festigkeit des Schwarzföhrenholzes. Mitt. a. d. forstl. Versuchswesen Oesterreichs. II. Bd., 3. Hft., Wien, 1881.

GOTTGETREU, RUDOLPH: Physische und chemische Beschaffenheit der Baumaterialien. 3d ed., Berlin, 1880.

GREEN, A.O.: Tasmanian timbers: their qualities and uses. Hobart, Tasmania, 1903, pp. 63.

GREGORY, W.B.: Tests of creosoted timber. Trans. Am. Soc. C.E., Vol. LXXVI, 1913, pp. 1192-1203. See also _ibid._, Vol. LXX, p. 37.

GRISARD, JULES, et VANDENBERGHE, MAXIMILIEN: Les bois industriels, indigènes et exotiques; synonymie et description des espèces, propriétés physiques des bois, qualités, défauts, usages et emplois. Paris, 189-. From Bul. de la Société nationale d'acclimatation de France, Vols. XXXVIII-XL.

Hardwoods of Western Australia. Engineering, Vol. LXXXIII, Jan. 11, 1907, pp. 35-37.

HATT, WILLIAM KENDRICK: A Preliminary program for the timber test work to be undertaken by the Bureau of Forestry, United States Department of Agriculture. Proc. Am. Soc. Test. Mat., Vol. III, 1903, pp. 308-343. Appendix I: Method of determining the effect of the rate of application of load on the strength of timber, pp. 325-327; App. II: A discussion on the effect of moisture on strength and stiffness of timber, together with a plan of procedure for future tests, pp. 328-334.

HATT, WILLIAM KENDRICK: Relation of timber tests to forest products. Proc. Int. Assn. Test. Mat., 1906, C 2 _e_, pp. 6.

----: Structural timber. Proc. Western Ry. Club, St. Louis, Mch. 17, 1908.

----: Abstract of report on the present status of timber tests in the Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Proc. Int. Assn. Test. Mat., 1909, XVL, pp. 10.

---- and TURNER, W.P.: The Purdue University impact machine. Proc. Am. Soc. Test. Mat., Vol. VI, 1906, pp. 462-475.

HAUPT, HERMAN: formulæ for the strain upon timber. Center of gravity of an ungula and semi-cylinder. Jour. Franklin Inst., Vol. XIX, 3d series, 1850, pp. 408-413.

HEARDING, W.H.: Report upon experiments ... upon the compressive power of pine and hemlock timber. Washington, 1872, pp. 12.

HOWE, MALVERD A.: Wood in compression; bearing values for inclined cuts. Eng. News, Vol. LXVIII, 1912, pp. 190-191.

HOYER, EGBERT: Lehrbuch der vergleichenden mechanischen Technologie. 1878.

IHLSENG, MANGUS C.: On the modulus of elasticity of some American woods as determined by vibration. Van Nostrand's Eng. Mag., Vol. XIX, 1878, pp. 8-9.

----: On a mode of measuring the velocity of sounds in woods. Am. Jour. Sci. and Arts, Vol. XVII, 1879.

JACCARD, P.: Étude anatomique des bois comprimés. Mitt. d. Schw. Centralanstalt f. d. forst. Versuchswesen. X. Bd., 1. Hft., Zurich, 1910, pp. 53-101.

JANKA, GABRIEL: Untersuchungen über die Elasticität und Festigkeit der österreichischen Bauhölzer. I. Fichte Südtirols; II. Fichte von Nordtirol vom Wienerwalde und Erzgebirge; III. Fichte aus den Karpaten, aus dem Böhmerwalde, Ternovanerwalde und den Zentralalpen. Technische Qualität des Fichtenholzes im allgemeinen; IV. Lärche aus dem Wienerwalde, aus Schlesien, Nord- und Südtirol. Mitt. a. d. forst. Untersuchungswesen Oesterreichs, Wien, 1900-13.

----: Untersuchungen über Holzqualität. Centralblatt f. d. ges. Forstwesen. Wien, 1904, pp. 95-115.

----: Ueber neuere holztechnologische Untersuchungen. Oesterr. Vierteljahresschrift für Forstwesen, Wien, 1906, pp. 248-269.

----: Die Härte des Holzes. Centralblatt f. d. ges. Forstwesen, Wien, 1906, pp. 193-202; 241-260.

JANKA, GABRIEL: Die Einwirkung von Süss- und Salzwässern auf die gewerblichen Eigenschaften der Hauptholzarten. I. Teil. Untersuchungen u. Ergebnisse in mechanisch-technischer Hinsicht. Mitt. a. d. forst. Versuchswesen Oesterreichs, 33. Hft., Wien, 1907.

----: Results of trials with timber carried out at the Austrian forestry testing-station at Mariabrunn. Proc. Int. Assn. Test. Mat., 1906, Disc. 2 _e_, pp. 7.

----: Ueber die an der k. k. forstlichen Versuchsanstalt Mariabrunnen gewonnenen Resultate der Holzfestigkeitsprüfungen. Zeitschrift d. Oesterr. Ing. u. Arch. Ver., Wien, Aug. 9, 1907.

----: Ueber Holzhärteprufüng. Centralblatt f. d. ges. Forstwesen, Wien, 1908, pp. 443-456.

----: Testing the hardness of wood by means of the ball test. Proc. Int. Assn. Test. Mat., 1912, XXIII_{3}.

JENNY, K.: Untersuchungen über die Festigkeit der Hölzer aus den Ländern der ungarischen Krone. Budapest, 1873.

JOHNSON, J.B.: Time tests of timber in endwise compression. Paper before Section D, Am. Assn. for Adv. of Sci., Aug., 1898.

JOHNSON, WALTER B.: Experiments on the adhesion of iron spikes of various forms when driven into different species of timbers. Jour. Franklin Inst., Vol. XIX (n.s.), 1837, pp. 281-292.

JULIUS, G.A.: Western Australia timber tests, 1906. The physical characteristics of the hardwoods of Western Australia. Perth, 1906, pp. 36.

----: Supplement to the Western Australia timber tests, 1906. The hardwoods of Australia. Perth, 1907, pp. 6.

KARMARSH, CARL: Handbuch der mechanischen Technologie. I. Aufl., 1837; V. Aufl., 1875; verm. von H. Fisher, 1888.

KIDDER, F.E.: Experiments on the transverse strength of southern and white pine. Van Nostrand's Eng. Mag., Vol. XXII, 1880, pp. 166-168.

----: Experiments on the strength and stiffness of small spruce beams. _Ibid._, Vol. XXIV, 1881, pp. 473-477.

----: Experiments on the fatigue of small spruce beams. Jour. Franklin Inst., Vol. CXIV, 1882, pp. 261-279.

KIDWELL, EDGAR: The efficiency of built-up wooden beams. Trans. Am. Inst. Min. Eng., Feb., June, 1898.

KIRKALDY, WM. G.: Illustrations of David Kirkaldy's system of mechanical testing. London, 1891.

KUMMER, FREDERICK A.: The effects of preservative treatment on the strength of timber. Proc. Am. Soc. Test. Mat., Vol. IV, 1904, pp. 434-438.

LABORDÈRE, P., and ANSTETT, F.: Contribution to the study of means for improving the strength of wood for pavements. Proc. Int. Assn. Test. Mat., 1912, XXIII_{4}, pp. 12.

LANZA, GAETANO: An account of certain tests on the transverse strength and stiffness of large spruce beams. Trans. Am. Soc. Mech. Eng., Vol. IV, 1882, pp. 119-135. See also Jour. Franklin Inst., Vol. XCV, 1883, pp. 81-94.

LASLETT, T.: Properties and characteristics of timber. Chatham, 1867.

----: Timber and timber trees, native and foreign. (2d ed. revised and enlarged by H. Marshall Ward.) London and New York, 1894.

LEA, W.: Tables of strength and deflection of timber. London, 1861.

LEDEBUR, A.: Die Verarbeitung des Holzes auf mechanischem Wege. 1881.

LORENZ, N. VON: Analytische Untersuchung des Begriffes der Holzhärte. Centralblatt f. d. ges. Forstwesen, Wien, 1909, pp. 348-387.

LUDWIG, PAUL: Die Regelprobe. Ein neues Verfahren zur Härtebestimmung von Materialien. Berlin. 1908.

MACFARLAND, H.B.: Tests of longleaf pine bridge timbers. Bul. 149, Am. Ry. Eng. Assn., Sept., 1912. See also Eng. News, Dec. 12, 1912, p. 1035.

McKAY, DONALD: On the weight and strength of American ship-timber. Jour. Franklin Inst., Vol. XXXIX (3d series), 1860, p. 322.

MALETTE, J.: Essais des bois de construction. Revue Technique, Apr. 25, 1905.

MANN, JAMES: Australian timber: its strength, durability, and identification. Melbourne, 1900.

MARTIN, CLARENCE A.: Tests on the relation between cross-bending and direct compressive strength in timber. Railroad Gazette, Mch. 13, 1903.

Methods of testing metals and alloys ... Recommended by the Fourth Congress of the International Association for Testing Materials, held at Brussels, Sept. 3-6, 1906. London, 1907, pp. 54. Methods of testing wood, pp. 39-49.

MIKOLASCHEK, CARL: Untersuchungen über die Elasticität und Festigkeit der wichtigsten Bau- und Nutzhölzer. Mitt. a. d. forstl. Versuchswesen Oesterreiches, II. Bd., 1. Hft., Wien, 1879.

MOELLER, JOSEPH: Die Rohstoffe des Tischler- und Drechslergewerbes. I. Theil: Das Holz. Kassel, 1883, pp. 68-122.

MOLESWORTH, G.L.: Graphic diagrams of strength of teak beams. Roorke, 1881.

MORGAN, J.J.: Bending strength of yellow pine timber. Eng. Record, Vol. LXVII, 1913, pp. 608-609.

MOROTO, K.: Untersuchungen über die Biegungselasticität und -Festigkeit der japanischen Bauhölzer. Centralblatt f. d. ges. Forstwesen, Wien, 1908, pp. 346-355.

NORDLINGER, H.: Die technischen Eigenschaften der Hölzer für Forst- und Baubeamte, Technologen und Gewerbetreibende. Stuttgart, 1860.

----: Druckfestigkeit des Holzes. 1882.

----: Die gewerblichen Eigenschaften der Hölzer. Stuttgart, 1890.

NORTH, A.T.: The grading of timber on the strength basis. Address before Western Society of Engineers. Lumber World Review, May 25, 1914, pp. 27-29.

NORTON, W.A.: Results of experiments on the set of bars of wood, iron, and steel, after a transverse stress. Van Nostrand's Eng. Mag., Vol. XVII, 1877, pp. 531-535.

PACCINOTTI E PERI: [Investigations into the elasticity of timbers.] Il Cimento, Vol. LVIII, 1845.

PALACIO, E.: Tensile tests of timber. La Ingenieria, Buenos Aires, May 31, 1903, _et seq._

PARENT,--: Expériences sur la résistance des bois de chêne et de sapin. Mémoires de l'Académie des Sciences, 1707-08.

Propositions relatives à l'établissement d'un precédé uniforme pour l'essai des qualités techniques des bois. Proc. Int. Assn. Test. Mat., 1901, Annexe, pp. 13-28.

ROGERS, CHARLES G.: A manual of forest engineering for India. Vol. I, Calcutta, 1900, pp. 50-91.

RUDELOFF, M.: Der heutige Stand der Holzuntersuchungen. Mitt. a. d. königlichen tech. Versuchsanstalt, Berlin, IV, 1899.

----: Principles of a standard method of testing wood. Proc. Int. Assn. Test. Mat., 1906, 23 C, pp. 16.

----: Large _vs._ small test-pieces in testing wood. Proc. Int. Soc. Test. Mat., 1912, XXIII_{1}, pp. 7.

SARGENT, CHARLES SPRAGUE: Woods of the United States, with an account of their structure, qualities, and uses. New York, 1885.

SCHNEIDER, A.: Zusammengesetzte Träger. Zeitschrift d. Oesterr. Ing. u. Arch. Ver., Nov. 24; Dec. 9, 1899.

SCHWAPPACH, A.F.: Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Qualität des Rotbuchenholzes. Zeitschrift f. Forst- und Jagdwesen, Berlin, 1894, pp. 513-539.

----: Untersuchungen über Raumgewicht und Druckfestigkeit des Holzes wichtiger Waldbäume. Berlin, 1897-98.

----: Etablissement de méthodes uniformes pour l'essai á la compression des bois. Proc. Int. Assn. Test. Mat., 1901, Rapport 23, pp. 28.

SEBERT, H.: Notice sur les bois de la Nouvelle Calédonie suivie de considerations génerates sur les propriétés mécaniques des bois et sur les precédés employés pour les mesurer. Paris.

SHERMAN, EDWARD C.: Crushing tests on water-soaked timbers. Eng. News, Vol. LXII, 1909, p. 22.

SNOW, CHARLES H.: The principal species of wood: their characteristic properties. New York, 1908.

STAUFFER, OTTMAR: Untersuchungen über specifisches Trockengewicht, sowie anatomisches Verhalten des Holzes der Birke. München, 1892.

STENS, D.: Ueber die Eigenschaftenimprägnierter Grubenholzer, insbesondere über ihre Festigkeit. Glückauf, Essen, Mch. 6, 1907.

Strength of wood for pavements. Can. Eng., Toronto, Sept. 12, 1912.

STÜBSCHEN-KISCHNER: Karmarsch-Heerins technisches Wröterbuch. 3. Aufl., 1886.

TALBOT, ARTHUR N.: Tests of timber beams. Bul. 41, Eng. Exp. Sta., Univ. of Ill., Urbana, 1910.

Tests of wooden beams made at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology on spruce, white pine, yellow pine, and oak beams of commercial sizes. Technology Quarterly, Boston, Vol. VII, 1894.

TETMAJER, L. v.: Zur Frage der Knickungsfestigkeit der Bauhölzer. Schweizerische Bauzeitung, Bd. 11, Nr. 17.

----: Methoden und Resultate der Prüfung der schweizerischen Bauhölzer. Mitt. d. Anstalt z. Prüfung v. Baumaterialien am eidgenössischen Polytechnicum in Zürich. 2. Hft., 1884.

----: Methoden und Resultate der Prüfung der schweizerischen Bauhölzer. Mitt. d. Materialprüfungs-Anstalt am Schweiz. Polytechnikum in Zürich. Landesaustellungs-Ausgabe, 2. Hft., Zürich, 1896.

THELEN, ROLF: The structural timbers of the Pacific Coast. Proc. Am. Soc. Test. Mat., Vol. VIII, 1908, pp. 558-567.

THURSTON, R.H.: Torsional resistance of materials determined by a new apparatus with automatic registry. Jour. Franklin Inst., Vol. LXV, 1873, pp. 254-260.

----: On the strength of American timber. _Ibid._, Vol. LXXVIII, 1879, pp. 217-235.

----: Experiments on the strength of yellow pine. _Ibid._, Vol. LXXIX, 1880, pp. 157-163.

----: Influence of time on bending strength and elasticity. Proc. Am. Assn. for Adv. Sci., 1881. Also Proc. Inst. C.E., Vol. LXXI.

----: On the effect of prolonged stress upon the strength and elasticity of pine timber. Jour. Franklin Inst., Vol. LXXX, 1881, pp. 161-169. THURSTON, R.H.: On Flint's investigations of Nicaraguan woods. _Ibid._, Vol. XCIV, 1887, pp. 289-315.

TIEMANN, HARRY DONALD: The effect of moisture and other extrinsic factors upon the strength of wood. Proc. Am. Soc. Test. Mat., Vol. VII, 1907, pp. 582-594.

----: The effect of the speed of testing upon the strength of wood and the standardization of tests for speed. _Ibid._, Vol. VIII, 1908, pp. 541-557.

----: The theory of impact and its application to testing materials. Jour. Franklin Inst., Vol. CLXVIII, 1909, pp. 235-259; 336-364.

----: Some results of dead load bending tests of timber by means of a recording deflectometer. Proc. Am. Soc. Test. Mat., Vol. IX, 1909, pp. 534-548.

TJADEN, M.E.H.: Het Indrukken van Paalkoppen in Kespen. De Ingenieur, Sept. 11, 1909.

----: Weerstand van Hout loodrecht op de Vezelrichting. _Ibid._, May, 1911.

----: Buigvastheid van Hout. _Ibid._, May 31, 1913.

TRAUTWINE, JOHN C.: Shearing strength of some American woods. Jour. Franklin Inst., Vol. CIX, 1880, pp. 105-106.

TREDGOLD, THOMAS: Elementary principles of carpentry. London, 1870.

TURNBULL, W.: A practical treatise on the strength and stiffness of timber. London, 1833.

Untersuchungen über den Einfluss des Blauwerdens auf die Festigkeit von Kiefernholz. Mitt. a. d. könig. techn. Versuchsanstalten, I, 1897.

Verfahren zur Prüfung v. Metallen und Legierungen, von hydraulischen Bindemitteln, von Holz, von Ton-, Steinzeug- und Zementröhren. Empfohlen v. dem in Brüssel v. 3-6, IX, 1906, abgeh. IV. Kongress des internationalen Verbandes f. die Materialprüfungen der Technik. Wien, 1907.

WARREN, W.H.: Australian timbers. Sydney, 1892.

----: The strength, elasticity, and other properties of New South Wales hardwood timbers. Sydney, 1911.

----: The strength, elasticity, and other properties of New South Wales hardwood timbers. Proc. Int. Assn. Test. Mat., 1912, XXIII_{6}, pp. 9.

----: The properties of New South Wales hardwood timbers. Builder, London, Nov. 1, 1912.

----: The hardwood timbers of New South Wales, Australia. Jour. Soc. of Arts, London, Dec. 6, 1912.

WELLINGTON, A.M.: Experiments on impregnated timber. Railroad Gazette, 1880.

WIJKANDER, ----: Untersuchung der Festigkeitseigenschaften schwedischer Holzarten in der Materialprüfungsanstalt des Chalmers'schen Institutes ausgeführt. 1897.

WING, CHARLES B.: Transverse strength of the Douglas fir. Eng. News, Vol. XXXIII, Mch. 14, 1895.