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1 CHRISTIAN YEAR 2 COLERIDGE 3 LONGFELLOW 4 CAMPBELL 5 SHELLEY 6 WORDSWORTH 7 BLAKE 8 WHITTIER 9 POE 10 CHATTERTON 11 BURNS. Songs 12 BURNS. Poems 13 MARLOWE 14 KEATS 15 HERBERT 16 HUGO 17 COWPER 18 SHAKESPEARE’S POEMS, etc. 19 EMERSON 20 SONNETS OF THIS CENTURY 21 WHITMAN 22 SCOTT. Lady of the Lake, etc. 23 SCOTT. Marmion, etc. 24 PRAED 25 HOGG 26 GOLDSMITH 27 LOVE LETTERS, etc. 28 SPENSER 29 CHILDREN OF THE POETS 30 JONSON 31 BYRON. Miscellaneous. 32 BYRON. Don Juan. 33 THE SONNETS OF EUROPE 34 RAMSAY 35 DOBELL 36 POPE 37 HEINE 38 BEAUMONT & FLETCHER 39 BOWLES, LAMB, etc. 40 SEA MUSIC 41 EARLY ENGLISH POETRY 42 HERRICK 43 BALLADES AND RONDEAUS 44 IRISH MINSTRELSY 45 MILTON’S PARADISE LOST 46 JACOBITE BALLADS 47 DAYS OF THE YEAR 48 AUSTRALIAN BALLADS 49 MOORE 50 BORDER BALLADS 51 SONG-TIDE 52 ODES OF HORACE 53 OSSIAN 54 FAIRY MUSIC 55 SOUTHEY 56 CHAUCER 57 GOLDEN TREASURY 58 POEMS OF WILD LIFE 59 PARADISE REGAINED 60 CRABBE 61 DORA GREENWELL 62 FAUST 63 AMERICAN SONNETS 64 LANDOR’S POEMS 65 GREEK ANTHOLOGY 66 HUNT AND HOOD 67 HUMOROUS POEMS 68 LYTTON’S PLAYS 69 GREAT ODES 70 MEREDITH’S POEMS 71 IMITATION OF CHRIST 72 UNCLE TOBY BIRTHDAY BK 73 PAINTER-POETS 74 WOMEN POETS 75 LOVE LYRICS 76 AMERICAN HUMOROUS VERSE. 77 MINOR SCOTCH LYRICS 78 CAVALIER LYRISTS 79 GERMAN BALLADS 80 SONGS OF BERANGER 81 RODEN NOEL’S POEMS 82 SONGS OF FREEDOM 83 CANADIAN POEMS 84 CONTEMPORARY SCOTTISH VERSE 85 POEMS OF NATURE. 86 CRADLE SONGS. 87 BALLADS OF SPORT. 88 MATTHEW ARNOLD.
London: WALTER SCOTT, LIMITED, Paternoster Square.
FOOTNOTES:
[1] Magnan, _Annales Médico-Psychologiques_, 1887; Lombroso, _Tre Tribuni_, pp. 3-9, 16-23, 148-150; Saury, _Études Cliniques sur la Folie Héréditaire_, 1886.
[2] _Psychologie du Génie_, 1883.
[3] De Renzis, _L’opera d’un Pazzo_, 1887.
[4] _Revue des Deux Mondes_, 1886.
[5] _De Pronost._, i. p. 7.
[6] _Problemata_, sect. xxx.
[7] Horace, _Ars Poet._, 296-297.
[8] _Observationes in Hom. Affect._, 1641, lib. 10, p. 305. More singular examples in Italy were collected by F. Gazoni, in the _Hospitale dei folli incurabili_, 1620.
[9] Diderot, _Dictionnaire Encyclopédique_.
[10] _I Mattoidi e il Monumente a Vittorio Emanuele_, 1885.
[11] Magnan, _Annales Médico-psych._, 1887; Déjerine, _L’Hérédité dans les Maladies Mentales_, 1886; Ireland, _The Blot upon the Brain_, 1885.
[12] _I Caratteri dei Delinquenti_, 1886, Turin.
[13] _Méd. de l’Esprit_, ii.
[14] Lamartine, _Cours de Littérature_, ii.
[15] _Revue Britannique_, 1884.
[16] Canesterini, _Il Cranio di Fusinieri_, 1875.
[17] Plutarch, _Life of Pericles_, iii.
[18] Kupfer, “Der Schädel Kants,” in _Arch. für Anth._, 1881.
[19] Welcker, _Schiller’s Schädel_, 1883.
[20] Mantegazza, _Sul Cranio di Foscolo_, Florence, 1880.
[21] Turner, _Quarterly Journal of Science_, 1864.
[22] De Quatrefages, _Crania Ethnica_, Part i. p. 30.
[23] Zoja, _La Testa di Scarpa_, 1880.
[24] _Sul Cranio di Volta_, 1879, Turin.
[25] Welcker, _Schiller’s Schädel_, 1883.
[26] _Revue Scientifique_, 1882.
[27] Wagner (_Das Hirngewicht_, 1877) gives these measurements of scientific men of Gottingen:--
Dirichlet Mathematician Age 54 1520 g. Fuchs Physician “ 52 1499 g. Gauss Mathematician “ 78 1492 g. Hermann Philologist “ 51 1358 g. Hausmann Mineralogist “ 77 1226 g.
Bischoff (_Hirngewichte bei Münchener Gelehrten_) gives the following measurements:--
Hermann Geometrician Age 60 1590 g. Pfeufer Physician “ 60 1488 g. Bischoff Physician “ 79 1452 g. Melchior Meyer Poet “ 61 1415 g. Arnoldi Orientalist “ 85 1730 g. Thackeray Novelist “ 52 1660 g. Abercrombie Physician “ 64 1780 g. Cuvier Naturalist “ 63 1829 g. Doell Archæologist “ 85 1650 g. Schiller Poet “ 46 1580 g. Huber Philosopher “ 47 1499 g. Fallmerayer Historian “ 74 1349 g. Liebig Chemist “ 70 1352 g. Tiedemann Physiologist “ 79 1254 g. Harless Chemist “ 40 1238 g. Döllinger Physiologist “ 71 1207 g.
The measurement of the cerebral area often gives superiority even to those men of genius who present a feeble weight. Fuchs had a cerebral surface of 22,1005 square c. and Gauss of 21,9588; while with the same weight the same surface in an unknown woman was 20,4115 and in a workman 18,7672.
[28] _Bulletin de la Société d’Anthropologie_, 1861.
[29] _Die tiefen Windungen des Menschenhirnes_, 1877.
[30] Mendel, _Centralblatt_, No. 4, 1884.
[31] _Ein Beitrag zur Anatomie der Affenspalte und der Interparietal Furche beim Menschen nach Rasse, Geschlecht, und Individualität_, 1886.
[32] _Bulletin de la Société d’Anthropologie_, 1886, p. 135.
[33] _La Circonvolution de Broca_, Paris, 1888.
[34] _Vorstudien, &c._, 1st Memoir, 1860.
[35] _Le Cerveau et la Pensée_, t. ii. p. 46.
[36] Gallichon in _Gazette des Beaux Arts_, 1867.
[37] Lombroso, _Sul Mancinismo motorio e sensorio nei sani e negli alienati_, 1885, Turin.
[38] Essay VII., _Of Parents and Children_.
[39] _Lettres à Georges Sand_, Paris, 1885.
[40] Destouches, _Philos. Mariés_.
[41] Beard, _American Nervousness_, 1887; Cancellieri, _Intorno Uomini dotati di gran memoria_, 1715; Klefeker, _Biblioth. eruditorum procacium_, Hamburg, 1717; Baillet, _De præcocibus eruditis_, 1715.
[42] Savage, _Moral Insanity_, 1886.
[43] Guy de Maupassant, _Étude sur Gustave Flaubert_, Paris, 1885.
[44] _Revue des Deux Mondes_, 1883, p. 92.
[45] _Revue Bleue_, 1887, p. 17.
[46] _Darwin’s Life_, 1887.
[47] _Genie und Talent._
[48] Fischer, _Æsthetik_, ii. 1, p. 386.
[49] “I am one who, when Love inspires, attend, and according as he speaks within me, so I express myself.”
[50] Schilling, _Psychiat. Briefe_, p. 486.
[51] Ball, _Leçons des Maladies Mentales_, 1881.
[52] Radestock, p. 42.
[53] _Apologia._
[54] Letter of April 20, 1752.
[55] Verga, _Lazzaretti_, 1880.
[56] Réveillé-Parise, p. 285.
[57] Arago, _Œuvres_, iii.
[58] _Kreislauf des Lebens_, Brief. xviii.
[59] Dilthey, _Ueber Einbildungskraft der Dichter_, 1887.
[60] Lazzaretti, _op. cit._, 1880.
[61] _Des Hallucinations_, p. 30. Recent investigations in hypnotism show that the hallucination often has the character of real sensation; that, for example, visual suggestions may be modified by lenses. See my _Nuove Studii sull’ ipnotismo_.
[62] _Studi Critici_, Naples, 1880, p. 95.
[63] _Souvenirs_, p. 73, Paris, 1883.
[64] _Confessions d’un Enfant du Siècle_, pp. 218, 251.
[65] Introduction to _Essai sur les Mœurs_.
[66] _Siècle de Louis XIV._, 1.
[67] _Dictionnaire Philosophique_, art. Climat.
[68] _Tagebuch_, ii. p. 120.
[69] _Paradoxe sur le Comédien._
[70] Noise had become an obsession to Jules de Goncourt, says his brother Edmund, in a note to the former’s _Lettres_: “It seemed to him that he had ‘an ear in the pit of his stomach,’ and indeed noise had taken, and continued to take as his illness increased, as it were in some _féerie_ at once absurd and fatal, the character of a persecution of the things and surroundings of his life.... During the last years of his life he suffered from noise as from a brutal physical touch.... This persecution by noise led my brother to sketch a gloomy story during his nightly insomnia.... In this story a man was eternally pursued by noise, and leaves the rooms he had rented, the houses he had bought, the forests in which he had camped, forests like Fontainebleau, from which he is driven by the hunter’s horn, the interior of the pyramids, in which he was deafened by the crickets, always seeking silence, and at last killing himself for the sake of the silence of supreme repose, and not finding it then, for the noise of the worms in his grave prevented him from sleeping. Oh, noise, noise, noise! I can no longer bear to hear the birds. I begin to cry to them like Débureau to the nightingale, ‘Will you not be still, vile beast?’” (_Lettres de Jules de Goncourt_, Paris, 1885.)
[71] _Étude sur Gustave Flaubert_, Paris, 1885.
[72] Among the fragments that have been preserved some are of great sweetness:--
“_Quanto fu dolce il giogo e la catena_ _De’ suoi candidi bracci al col mio volte,_ _Che sciogliendomi io sento mortal pena;_ _D’altre cose non dico che son molte,_ _Chè soverchia dolcezza a morte mena._”
[73] Mantegazza, _Del Nervosismo dei grandi uomini_, 1881.
[74] _Journal des Savants_, Oct., 1863.
[75] _Epistolario_, v. 3, p. 163.
[76] Vicq d’Azir, _Elog._, p. 209.
[77] _Physiologie des Génies_, 1875.
[78] _Science et Matérialisme_, 1890, p. 103.
[79] Brewster, _Life_, 1856.
[80] _Revue Scientifique_, 1888.
[81] Michiels, _Le Monde du Comique_, 1886.
[82] Réveillé-Parise, _op. cit._
[83] Perez, _L’enfant de trois à sept ans_, 1886.
[84] Scherer, _Diderot_, 1880.
[85] _Ueber die Verwandtschaft des Genies mit dem Irrsinn_, 1887.
[86] Bertolotti, _Il Testamento di Cardano_, 1883.
[87] G. Flaubert, _Lettres à Georges Sand_, Paris, 1885.
[88] Delepierre, _Histoire Littéraire des fous_, Paris, 1860.
[89] Réveillé-Parise, _Physiologie et Hygiène des hommes livrés aux travaux de l’esprit_, Paris, 1856.
[90] Mantegazza, _Physiognomy and Expression_.
[91] Arago, ii. p. 82.
[92] Plutarch, _Life, &c._
[93] Radestock, _op. cit._
[94] Moreau, _op. cit._, p. 523.
[95] _Correspondance_, p. 119, 1887.
[96] _Memorie dell Istituto Lombardo_, 1878.
[97] Letter to Giordani, Aug., 1817.
[98] _Sette Anni di Sodalizio._
[99] B. de Boismont, _op. cit._ p. 265.
[100] Hagen, _Ueber die Verwandtschaft, &c._, 1877.
[101] Roger, _Voltaire Malade_, 1883.
[102] G. Sand, _Histoire de Ma Vie_, 9.
[103] Berti, p. 154.
[104] Berti, _Cavour Avanti il_ 1848, Rome; Mayor, in _Archivo di Psichiatria_, vol. iv.
[105] Mayor, _op. cit._
[106] _Autobiography._
[107] _Autobiography_, p. 145.
[108] Von Sedlitz, _Schopenhauer_, 1872.
[109] _Letters_, 1885.
[110] _Histoire de Ma Vie_, v. p. 9.
[111] G. Sand, _op. cit._
[112] _De Immenso et innumerat._, iii.
[113] G. Menke, _De ciarlataneria eruditorum_, 1780.
[114] _Revue des Deux Mondes_, 1883.
[115] _Letters_, p. 62.
[116] _Ibid._, pp. 62, 119, 123.
[117] G. Sforza, _Epistolario di A. Manzoni_, Milan, 1883.
[118] _Epistolario_, 3, p. 163.
[119] _Correspondance_, p. 119. 1887.
[120] _Journal de ma vie intime._
[121] _Souvenirs d’Enfance et de Jeunesse._
[122] Amiel, _Journal Intime_, Geneva, 2nd ed., 1889.
[123] Clément, _Musiciens célèbres_, Paris, 1868.
[124] W. Irving, _Life_, 1880.
[125] Verga, _Lazzaretti,&c._, Milan, 1880.
[126] Forbes Winslow, _op. cit._, p. 123.
[127] Forbes Winslow, _op. cit._, p. 126.
[128] _Works_, vol. xxvi. p. 83.
[129] Dendy, _op. cit._, p. 41.
[130] _Correspondance_, vol. ii. letter 9.
[131] _De Factis Dictisque Memorabilibus_, Lib. vi. Cap. 9.
[132] Tertullian, _Apologetica_, p. 46. But see _A. Gellii Noctes Atticæ_, x. p. 17.
[133] _Wiederbelebung des Klassisch, Altert._, 1882.
[134] Pouchet, _Histoire des Sciences Naturelles dans le Moyen Age_, 1870.
[135] Masi, _La vita ed i tempi di Albergati_, 1882.
[136] Laura had eleven children and Petrarch himself two when he dedicated to her 294 sonnets. In politics he turned from Cola di Rienzi to his enemy Colonna and from Robert to Charles IV. (_Famil_, xix. 1. p. 32). He was too much occupied with himself, says Perrens, to be occupied with his country.
[137] _Lettres à G. Sand_, 1885.
[138] _Revue Philosophique_, 1887, p. 69.
[139] _Confessions d’un Enfant du Siècle_, pp. 250, 251.
[140] Cottrau, _Lettre d’un Mélomane_, Naples, 1885.
[141] Matthew x. 34-36; Luke xii. 51-53.
[142] Luke xii. 49. See the Greek text.
[143] Luke xviii. 29-30.
[144] Luke xiv. 26.
[145] Matthew x. 37, xvi. 24; Luke v. 23.
[146] Matthew viii. 21; Luke v. 23.
[147] Fiorentino, _La Musica_, Rome, 1884.
[148] _L’Uomo Delinquente_, 1889.
[149] Mastriani, _Sul Genio e la Follia_, Naples, 1881.
[150] _Tra un Sigaro e l’altro_, p. 194.
[151] Max. du Camp, _Souvenirs_, 1884.
[152] Schilling, _Psychiatr. Briefe._, p. 488, 1863.
[153] Zimmermann, _Solitude_.
[154] _Tagebuch_, 1787, Berne.
[155] _Sketches of Bedlam_, 1823.
[156] _Biographie_, by Wasielewski, Dresden, 1858.
[157] Maxime du Camp, _Souvenirs littéraires_, 1887.
[158] Brunetière, _Revue des Deux Mondes_, 1887, No. 706. _Revue Bleue_, July, 1887.
[159] Maxime du Camp, _Souvenirs littéraires_.
[160] “A une Heure du Matin,” in _Petits Poèmes en Prose_.
[161] Bufalini, _Vita di Concato_, 1884.
[162] _Revue Philosophique_, 1886.
[163] Littré, _A. Comte et la Phil. Posit._, 1863.
[164] W. de Fonvielle, _Comment se font les Miracles_, 1879.
[165] _De Vita propria_, ch. 45.
[166] Byron said, also, that intermittent fevers came at last to be agreeable to him, on account of the pleasant sensation that followed the cessation of pain.
[167] “One day I thought I heard very sweet harmonies in a dream. I awoke, and I found I had resolved the question of fevers: why some are lethal and others not--a question which had troubled me for twenty-five years” (_De Somniis_, c. iv.).
“In a dream there came to me the suggestion to write this book, divided into exactly twenty-one parts; and I experienced such pleasure in my condition and in the subtlety of these reasonings as I had never experienced before” (_De Subtilitate_, lib. xviii. p. 915).
[168] “Jewels in sleep are symbolical of sons, of unexpected things, of joy also; because in Italian _gioire_ means ‘to enjoy’ (_De Somniis_, cap. 21; _De Subtilitate_, p. 338).
[169] Buttrini, _Girolamo Cardano_, Savona, 1884.
[170] Bertolotti (_I Testamenti di Cardano_, 1888) has shown that this legend has no foundation.
[171] “I shall live in the midst of my torments, and among the cares that are my just furies, wild and wandering; I shall fear dark and solitary shades, which will bring before me my first fault; and I shall have in horror and disgust the face of the sun which discovered my misfortunes; I shall fear myself, and, for ever fleeing from myself, I shall never escape.”
[172] Brewster’s _Memoirs of Sir I. Newton_, vol. ii. p. 100.
[173] Brewster’s _Memoirs of Sir I. Newton_, vol. ii. p. 94.
[174] _Dialogues_, i.
[175] _Dialogues_, ii.
[176] Bugeault, _Étude sur l’état mental de Rousseau_, 1876, p. 123.
[177] _Revue Philosophique_, 1883.
[178] Schurz, _Lenaus Werke_, vol. i. p. 275.
[179] Kecskemetky, _S. Széchénys staatsmänn_. _Laufbahn_, &c., Pesth, 1866.
[180] Costanzo, _Follia anomale_, Palermo, 1876.
[181] Gwinner, _Schopenhauers Leben_, 1878; Ribot, _La Philosophie de Schopenhauer_, 1885; Carl von Sedlitz, _Schopenhauer vom Medizinischen Standpunkt_, Dorpat, 1872.
[182] Gwinner, p. 26.
[183] _Memorabilien_, ii. p. 332.
[184] _Parerga_, ii. p. 38.
[185] _Pensiero e Meteore_ in Biblioteca Scientifica Internazionale, Milan, 1878; _Azione degli Astri e delle Meteore sulla mente Umana_, Milan, 1871.
[186] Quetelet, _Physique Sociale_, Book iv. ch. i.
[187] Mantegazza, _op. cit._
[188] E. Neville, _Maine de Biran, Sa Vie_, &c., p. 129, 1854.
[189] _Revue Bleue_, 1888, No. 9.
[190] _Viaggio in Sicilia_, vol. vii.
[191] _Epistolario_, 1878.
[192] _Nature_, Nov. 1883.
[193] Réveillé-Parise, _Physiologie des hommes livrés aux travaux de l’esprit_, pp. 352-355.
[194] Giussani, _Vita_, &c., p. 188.
[195] _Epistolario_, p. 395.
[196] Lebin, _Sur l’époque de la composition de la Vita Nuova_, p. 28.
[197] _Life and Letters_, vol. i. p. 51.
[198] Stopfer, _Vie de Sterne_, Paris, 1870.
[199] Goethe, _Aus Meinem Leben_.
[200] Zanolini, _Rossini_, 1876.
[201] Clément, _Les Musiciens Célèbres_, Paris, 1878.
[202] Alborghetti, _Vita di Donizetti_, 1876.
[203] D’Este, _Memorie su Canova_, 1864.
[204] Gotti, _Vita di Michelangelo_, Florence, 1873.
[205] Milanesi, _Lettere di Michelangelo_, Florence, 1875.
[206] Amoretti, _Memorie storiche sulla vita e gli studi di Leonardo da Vinci_, Milan, 1874.
[207] W. Irving, _Columbus_, vol. i. p. 819; Roselly de Lorque, _Vie de Colomb._, 1857.
[208] According to Secchi (_Soleil_, 1875) Scheiner preceded Galileo, and was himself preceded by Fabricio, though the discovery of this last was not known until a later date.
[209] Galilei, _Opere_, vol. i. p. 69.
[210] Arago, _Œuvres_, 1851.
[211] Hœfer, _op. cit._
[212] Herschel, _Outlines of Astronomy_, 1874.
[213] Arago, _Notices Biographiques_, 1855.
[214] Atti, _Della Vita di Malpighi_, 1774.
[215] Hœfer, _Histoire de la Chimie_, 1869.
[216] _Briefe an Schiller._
[217] Gherardi, _Rapporti sui Manoscritti di Galvani_, 1839.
[218] Schiaparelli, _Intorno Alcune Lettere inedite di Lagrange_, 1877.
[219] Humboldt, _Correspondance_, Paris, 1868.
[220] _Letters from Humboldt to Varnhagen._
[221] Arago, _Notices Biographiques_, 1855.
[222] Whewell, _History of the Inductive Sciences_, 1857.
[223] N. Bianchi, _Vita di Matteucci_, Florence, 1874.
[224] The catalogue of small planets has been drawn from the _Annuaire du Bureau des Longitudes_ (Paris, 1877-8). The list of comets has been taken from Carl’s _Repertorium der Cometen Astronomie_ (Munich, 1864). It begins with the comet discovered by Hevelius in 1672, and ends with that found by Donati on the 23rd of July, 1864; Gambart’s comets, already separately enumerated, have been excluded. To keep the conditions analogous to those of the small planets, all the comets to which Carl does not assign a discoverer, have been omitted; this includes such as were expected from previous calculations or perceived with the naked eye by the general population. All those that were discovered simultaneously by several observers, unknown to one another, have, however, been included, for it is not a question of priority, but of the psychological moment of the discovery. Three comets discovered in the months of February, May, and December, were found in the southern hemisphere; they must, therefore, with reference to season be registered as for August, November, and June, and have so been counted.
[225] Atti, _Della Vita ed opere di Malpighi_, Bologna, 1774.
[226] _History of Civilisation_, i.
[227] _Études sur la Selection_, &c., Paris, 1881.
[228] _Biographie Universelle des Musiciens_, Paris, 1868-80.
[229] _Histoire des Musiciens Célèbres_, Paris, 1878.
[230] _Dizionario dei Pittori_, 1858.
[231]
Naples 216 Rome 127 Venice 124 Milan 95 Bologna 91 Florence 70 Lucca 37 Parma 34 Genoa 30 Turin 27 Verona 24 Brescia 22 Mantua 19 Modena 19 Cremona 17 Palermo 17 Novara 17 Bergamo 16 Bari 16 Ferrara 15 Padua 15 Pisa 13 Reggio 12 Piacenza 11 Siena 10 Ravenna 10 Vicenza 10 Perugia 9 Pesaro 9 Alessandria 8 Treviso 8 Catania 7 Arezzo 6 Lecce 6 Como 5 Ancona 5 Udine 5 Macerata 5 Caserta 4 Livorno 3 Forlì 3 Messina 3 Rovigo 3 Chieti 3 Foggia 2 Cuneo 2 Pavia 2 Massa 2 Teramo 2 Siracusa 2 Ascoli 2 Campobasso 2 Belluno 1 Catanzaro 1 Avellino 1 Potenza 1 Reggio-Calabria 1 Caltanisetta 1
[232] _La Scuola Musicale di Napoli_, 1883.
[233] See my _Pensiero e Meteore_, 1872, and _Archivio di Psichiatria_, 1880, p. 157.
[234]
Bologna 262 Florence 252 Venice 138 Milan 127 Rome 100 Genoa 100 Naples 95 Ferrara 85 Verona 83 Siena 73 Perugia 68 Cremona 65 Modena 61 Pesaro 61 Brescia 50 Turin 46 Messina 43 Padua 40 Parma 39 Vicenza 39 Lucca 38 Bergamo 37 Udine 36 Arezzo 33 Ravenna 30 Reggio 29 Pisa 29 Treviso 24 Ascoli 23 Novara 22 Pavia 20 Mantua 19 Forlì 19 Como 17 Ancona 16 Alessandria 15 Belluno 13 Macerata 13 Piacenza 6 Caserta 6 Rovigo 5 Palermo 4 Salerno 3 Lecce 3 Cuneo 3 Massa 3 Catania 2 Livorno 1 Aquila 1 Siracusa 1
[235] The difference with reference to painters is caused by the numerical weakness of Udine and the superiority of Catania and Palermo.
[236] _Il Censimento dei Poeti Veronesi_, Dec. 31, 1881.
[237] _American Nervousness._
[238] See Sternberg, _Archivio di Psichiatria_, vol. x. 1889, p. 389.
[239] _Statura degli Italiani_, 1874; _Della Influenza orografica nella Statura_, 1878.
[240] _Étude sur la Taille._
[241] _Démographie de la France_, 1878.
[242] Inhabitants to the square _kilomètre_:--
Seine 3636.56 Rhône 224.40 Nord 213.40 Haut-Rhin 123.00 Pas-de-Calais 108.60 Loire 106.38 Manche 100.20 Bouches-du-Rhône 92.27 Landes 33.80 Lozère 27.39 Hautes-Alpes 23.40 Basses-Alpes 21.90
[243] “Les Antiquités Égyptiennes,” in _Revue des Deux Mondes_, April, 1865.
[244] _Archivio di Psichiatria_, vol. viii. fasc. 3.
[245] Libri, _Histoire des Mathématiques_, vol. iii.
[246] De Candolle, _Histoire des Sciences_, 1873.
[247] Joseph Jacobs, “The Comparative Distribution of Jewish Ability,” _Journal of Anthropological Institute of Great Britain_, 1886, pp. 351-379.
[248] _Gli Israeliti di Europa_, 1872.
[249] _Archivio di Statistica_, Rome, 1880.
[250] _Die Verbreit, der Blind,_ &c., 1872.
[251] Renan in his _Souvenirs de Jeunesse_ remarks that since Germany has given herself up to militarism she would have no men of genius, if it were not for the Jews, to whom she should be at least grateful. But he forgets Haeckel, Virchow, and Wagner.
[252] One case is known in which parents zealously sought to educate and favour by every means poetic genius in their son. The outcome of their fervent efforts was Chapelain, the too famous singer of the _Pucelle_.
[253] _Hereditary Genius_, 1868.
[254] _L’Hérédité Psychologique_, 1878.
[255] _Biographie Universelle des Musiciens._
[256] Ribot in his _L’Hérédité Psychologique_ refers to French statistics of 1861 according to which in 1000 lunatics of each sex, there was hereditary influence in 264 men and in 266 women.
[257] Galton himself remarks that of 31 great families of lawyers raised to the peerage before the end of the reign of George IV., twelve are extinct, especially those which contracted alliances with heiresses. Out of 487 families admitted to citizenship at Berne from 1583 to 1654 only 168 remained in 1783. “When a grandee of Spain is announced we expect to see an abortion” (Ribot, _De l’Hérédité_, p. 820). The French and Italian nobility to-day has become for the most part an inert instrument in the hands of the clergy. And how many of the sovereigns of Europe yet preserve those ancestral virtues to the presumed transmission of which they owe in large part their throne and _prestige_?
[258] Dante, _Purgatorio_, canto vii.
[259] Lucas, _De l’Hérédité_.
[260] Ribot, _L’Hérédité Psychologique_.
[261] Dugdale, _The Jukes_.
[262] _Académie des Sciences_, 1871. Five cases of epilepsy, and of insanity, two of general paralysis, one of idiocy and several of microcephaly were observed under these circumstances. The microcephalic condition which so often appears among the hereditary results of alcoholism may be understood when we recall the atrophies, the cerebral scleroses (a kind of histologic microcephaly) which are so constantly found in the drunkard himself.
[263] Bertolotti, _Testamenti di Cardano_, 1882.
[264] _De Vita Propria._
[265] _Famil_ XIII. 2, XXIII. 12.
[266] Ireland, _The Blot upon the Brain_, 1885, p. 147; Déjerine, _L’Hérédité dans les Maladies_, 1886.
[267] _Bilder aus mein. Knabenzeit_, 1837.
[268] _Memorie_, p. 341. _I.e._, “The heads of the Taparelli are not in the right place.” Taparelli was a family name of D’Azeglio.
[269] _Souvenirs d’Enfance_, p. 20.
[270] Meynert, _Jahresber. für Psychiatr._, Vienna, 1880.
[271] Ribot, _L’Hérédité Psychologique_, p. 171.
[272] The same kind of influence may be traced among the insane and degenerate. A son of Louis XIV. and Madame de Montespan, conceived during a crisis of remorse and grief, at the epoch of the Jubilee, was called “_l’enfant du jubilé_,” on account of his condition of permanent melancholy. A man of talent, subject to attacks of mental exaltation, had several children, of whom two, conceived during these attacks, were insane. Déjerine, _L’Hérédité dans les Maladies du Système Nerveux_, 1886.
[273] _Nature_, Nov., 1883.
[274] _Physiologie du Cerveau_, p. 21.
[275] _Journal of Mental Science_, 1872.
[276] _Correspondance Inédite_, Paris, 1877.
[277] _Revue Scientifique_, April, 1888.
[278] Taine, _Les origines de la France Contemporaine_, Paris 1885.
[279] _Atlantic Monthly_, 1881.
[280]
“_A cui natura non lo volle dire_ _Nol dirian mille Atēne e mille Rome._”
[281] E. Fournier, _Le Vieux-Neuf_, Paris, 1887.
[282] Ch. Nodier, _Les Bas bleus_, 1846, p. 217.
[283] _Voyage en Italie_, Paris, 1880.
[284] Trélat, _Recherches historiques sur la folie_, p. 81. Paris, 1839.
[285] Moreau, _Psychologie morbide_, Paris, 1859.
[286] Marcé, “De la valeur des écrits des aliénés”; _Journal de médecine mentale_, 1864.
[287] Leuret, _Fragments psychologiques sur la folie_.
[288] _Annales médico-psychologiques_, tome iii. p. 93, 1864.
[289] _Annales médico-psychologiques_, 1850, p. 48; Parchappe, _Symptomatologie de la folie_.
[290] Tissot, _Des nerfs et de leurs maladies_, p. 133.
[291] _Médecine de l’esprit_, vol. ii. p. 32.
[292] _Symptomotalogie de la folie._
[293] J. Frank, _Pathologie interne; Manie fantastique_.
[294] _Traité des maladies mentales_, 1858.
[295] _Revue Philosophique_, 1888.
[296] Esquiros, _Paris au dix-neuvième siècle--Les maisons de fous_, tome ii. p. 163.
[297] See Appendix. I regret that in the English edition of my work it has not been found possible to give a more copious selection from the poems by the insane which I have at my disposal. For these I must refer the reader to the original Italian or to the French edition.
[298] See my _L’Uomo Delinquente_.
[299] _Les prisons de Paris_, 1881.
[300] _Diario del Manicomio di Pesaro_, 1879.
[301] Prescott, _Conquest of Peru_, i.
[302] Lieut.-Col. Mark Wilks, _Historical Sketch of the South of India_.
[303] Mungo Park, _Travels_, i.
[304] Ellis, _Polynesian Researches_, vol. iv. p. 462, 1834.
[305] _La Paranoia_, 1886.
[306] Ludwig II.
[307] P. Regnard, _Les maladies épidémiques de l’esprit_, p. 370.
[308] Regnard, _Les maladies, &c._, p. 390.
[309] Quoted by M. Luys, _Actions réflexes du cerveau_, p. 170
[310] _Revue Philosophique_, 1888, No. 8.
[311] _Annales Med. Psych._, 1876.
[312] Regnard has also touched upon the subject, but without going into it deeply, in his _Sorcellerie_, Paris, 1887.
[313] _Gazzetta del Manicomio di Reggio_, 1867.
[314] O. Delepierre, _Histoire littéraire des fous_, Paris, 1860.
[315] Regnard, _op. cit._
[316] Ruggieri, _Histoire du crucifiement opéré sur sa propre personne par M. Lovat_, Venice, 1806.
[317] Frigerio, Letter of November 2, 1887.
[318] _Diario del Manicomio di Pesaro_, 1879.
[319] De Renzis, _L’opera d’un pazzo_, Rome, 1887.
[320] Simon, _Ann. Med. Psych._, 1876.
[321] _Archivio di Psichiatria_, 1880.
[322] Steinthal, _Entwicklung der Schrift_, 1852.
[323] Boddart, _Palæography of America_, London, 1865.
[324] Lombroso, _Uomo bianco ed uomo di colore_, 1871.
[325] _Archivio di Psichiatria_, 1881, fasc. iii.
[326]
“_Un veleno ho preparato_ _Due pugnali tengo in seno:_ _Questo viver disgraziato_ _Finirà una volta almeno_ _T’amerò fino alla tomba_ _E anche morto t’amerò._
_La campana lamentosa_ _Sonerà la morte mia,_ _Ed allor tu udrai curiosa_ _Quella funebre armonia._ _T’amerò, ecc. ecc._
_Una lunga e mesta croce_ _Nella via vedrai passar;_ _Ed un prete sulla forca_ _Miserere recitar_. _T’amerò, ecc. ecc._”
“I have prepared a poison; I have two daggers in my bosom; this unhappy life, at least, shall end one day. I will love thee to my grave, and even when dead, I will love thee still.
“The mournful bell shall sound for my death, and thou shall listen wonderingly to that funereal harmony.--I will love thee, &c.
“A long and sad _cross_ (_i.e._, procession) thou shalt see passing along the road, and a priest standing by the gallows, reciting the Miserere.--I will love thee, &c.”
[327] “Paranoia: A Study of the Evolution of Systematized Delusions of Grandeur,” in _American Journal of Psychology_, May, 1888, and May, 1889.
[328] Hécart, _op. cit._
[329] Magnan.
[330] Simon.
[331] Delepierre.
[332] Vasari, _Vite dei pittori celebri_.
[333] Clément, _Les musiciens célèbres_, Paris, 1878.
[334] “_Voci alte e fioche e suon di man con elle_” (Dante, _Inf._ iii. 27.)
[335] Cato, _De Re Rustica_.
[336] _Essays_, vol. ii. pp. 401, &c.
[337] My attention was called many years ago to the frequent occurrence of insanity among great musicians by Dr. Arnaldo Bargoni, and afterwards by Mastriani, of Naples, in an excellent article in _Roma_, 1881.
[338] Jasnot, _Vérités positives_, 1854.
[339] _Les fous littéraires_, p. 51.
[340] See _Tre Tribuni_, 1887.
[341]
“Always mistress or slave--a foe to thine own children.”
[342] “_Il se trouvait là des philosophes plus forts que Leibnitz, mais sourdsmuets de naissance, ne pouvant produire que les gestes de leurs idées et pousser des arguments inarticulés; des peintres tourmentés de faire grand, mais qui posaient si singulièrement un homme sur ses pieds, un arbre sur ses racines, que toits leurs tableaux ressemblaient à des vues de tremblements de terre ou à des intérieurs de paquebots un jour de tempête. Des musiciens inventeurs de claviers intermédiaires, des savants à la façon du docteur Hitisch, de ces cervelles bric-à-brac, où il y a de tout mais où l’on ne trouve rien, à cause du désordre, de la poussière, et aussi parceque tous les objets sont cassés, incomplets, incapables du moindre service_” (Daudet, _Jack_).
[343] Delepierre, _Littérateur des fous_.
[344]
_Staccar potessi i due concetti uniti_ _Di me ed empio. Io giusto. Empio è Satana._
[345] Delepierre, _op. cit._
[346] “_Lève ce chef d’ici, je crains que ce chef prive de chef les miens par un nouveau méchef._”
[347] Philomneste, _Les fous littéraires_, 1881.
[348] “Have you ever noticed,” writes Daudet (_Jack_, ii. 58), speaking of mattoids, whom he called _les ratés_, “how these people seek each other in Paris, how they are attracted to each other, how they group themselves with their grievances, their demands, their idle and barren vanities? While, in reality, full of mutual contempt, they form a Mutual Admiration Society, outside which the world is a blank to them.”
[349] “_Mais parmi ces groupes tapageurs qui s’en allaient frédonnant, déclamant, discutant encore, personne ne prenait garde au froid sinistre de la nuit ni au brouillard humide qui tombait. A l’entrée de l’avenue, on s’aperçut que l’heure des omnibus était passée. Tous ces pauvres diables en prirent bravement leur parti. La chimére aux écailles d’or éclairait et abrégeait leur route, l’illusion leur tenait chaud, et répandus dans Paris désert, ils se tournaient courageusement aux misères obscures de la vie._
“_L’art est un si grand magicien! Il crée un soleil qui luit pour tous comme l’autre, et ceux qui s’en approchent, même les pauvres, même les laides, même les grotesques, emportent un peu de sa chaleur et de son rayonnement. Ce feu du ciel imprudemment ravi, que les ratés gardent au fond de leurs prunelles, les rend quelquefois redoutables, le plus souvent ridicules, mais leur existence en reçoit une sérénité grandiose, un mépris du mal, une grâce à souffrir que les autres misères ne connaissent pas_” (Daudet, _Jack_, i. p. 3).
[350] “_Toute une littérature est née de mon_ Insecte _et de mon_ Oiseau.--_L_’Amour _et la_ Femme _restent et resteront, comme ayant deux bases, l’une scientifique, la nature même,--l’autre morale, le cœur des citoyens_....
“_J’ai défini l’histoire une résurrection.--C’est le titre le plus approprié à mon 4 volumes...._
“_En 1870, dans le silence universel, seul, je parlai. Mon livre fait en 40 jours fut la seule défense de la patrie...._”
[351] He studies, as an important document, the journal of Louis XIV.’s digestion, and divides his reign into two periods--before and after the fistula. In the same way Francis I.’s reign is divided into the periods before and after the abscess. Conclusions of the following kind abound:--
“_De toute l’ancienne monarchie, il ne reste à la France qu’un nom, Henri IV.; et deux chansons_ Gabrielle _et_ Marlborough.”
[352] Pp. 119, 120, 121.
[353] Sbarbaro, _e.g._, in the midst of numberless absurdities, wrote: “The man who feels no hatred for the foul and unjust things which cumber our social life is the false phantom of a citizen, a eunuch in heart and mind” (Forche, 21).
“Parliamentary systems do not work well, since they do not allow of the best being at the top, and nonentities at the bottom” (Forche, 3). This, however, is borrowed from Machiavelli’s _Decades_.
“If you call me a malcontent,” he said to the Council of Public Instruction, “you do me honour: progress is due to rebels and malcontents. Christ Himself was a rebel and an agitator.”
[354] _Revue politique et littéraire_, 1888, No. 1.
[355] We have seen that a love of symbolism is one of the characteristics of monomaniacs.
[356] M. Jules Tellier has not inaptly called him, in Victor Hugo’s style, “_l’homme-frisson_.”
[357] _Responsibility in Mental Disease_, p. 47.
[358] Knutzen, of Schleswig, in 1674, preached that there was neither God nor devil, that priests and magistrates were useless and pernicious, that marriage was unnecessary, that man ended with death, and that every one ought to be guided by his own inner consciousness of right. For this reason he gave to his disciples the name of the _Conscientarii_, garnishing his discourses with grotesque quotations. He went about begging and preaching in strange garments. It is not known what became of him after 1674. His writings are _Epistola amici ad amicum_, _Schediasma de lacrimis Christi_, &c.
[359] _Responsibility_, p. 53.
[360] _Revue des Deux Mondes_, 1880.
[361] Dubois, _People of India_, p. 360.
[362] 1 Samuel xxi. 14, 15.
[363] Ibid., xix. 9, 10, 23.
[364] Ibid., xix. 24.
[365] Berbrugger, _Exploration Scientifique de l’Algérie_, 1855.
[366] _Western Barbary_, p. 60.
[367] _Travels_, p. 133.
[368] Beck, _Allegemeine Schilderung des Othom. Reiches._, p. 177.
[369] Ibid., p. 529.
[370] Ida Pfeiffer, _Voyage_, vols. v., vi.
[371] Medhurst, _State and Prospects_, London, 1838, p. 75.
[372] Cook, _Voyages_, vol. ii. p. 19.
[373] Vol. iv. p. 49.
[374] D’Orbigny, _L’Homme Américain_, ii. p. 92.
[375] Müller, _Geschichte der Urreligion_, Basle, 1853.
[376] _Revue Scientifique_, 1887.
[377] See my _Tre Tribuni_, 1887.
[378] Ideler, _Versuch einer Theorie des Wahnsinnes_, p. 236 (1842).
[379] Hecker, _Tanzmanie_, Berlin, 1834, p. 120. Traces exist even to-day, as at Echternach, in Luxembourg.
[380] _Pensiero e Meteore_, 1878, p. 129.
[381] _Archivio di Psichiatria_, 1880, Fasc. ii.
[382] Nasse, _Zeitschrift_, 1814, i. p. 255.
[383] _Versuch_, i. p. 274.
[384] _Swedenborg_, by M. de Beaumont-Vassy, 1842; Mattei, _Em. de Swedenborg, sa vie_, 1863.
[385] Mayor, _Madame de Krüdener_, Turin, 1884.
[386] See Macaulay, _History_, vol. ii.
[387] Bonghi, _Vita di S. F. d’Assisi_, 1885.
[388] Bonghi.
[389] _Archiv für Psychiatrie_, 1881.
[390] Villari, _Vita di Savonarola_, pp. 11, 304.
[391] _De Veritate Prophetica_, 1497.
[392] Villari, p. 406.
[393] Villari, ii. p. 408.
[394] See Perrens, _E. Marcel_, 1880; _Démocratie en France dans le Moyen Age_, 1875.
[395] Letter to Charles IV. Document 33 in Papencordt.
[396] “_Invidia e fuoco._” Thus the anonymous historian, and Zeffirino Re. Muratori reads _juoco_, “gaming,” but not even thus can the sentence be explained; for it was certainly other vices than envy and gambling that were consuming the nobility of those days.
[397] Even after the first _plébiscite_, Stefano Colonna, in opposing him, said, “If this madman makes me angry, I will have him thrown from the Capitol” (p. 349).
[398] See Papencordt, _Cola di Rienzi_, 1844; Gregorovius, _Geschichte der Stadt Rom_, vi. p. 267.
[399] Papencordt.
[400] _Life_, i. 32.
[401] _Ibid._, i. 17.
[402] Papencordt, doc. 83.
[403] See letter to Fra Michele.
[404] Hoxemio, _De actis pontif._, vols. ii. and iii.
[405] Muratori, _Cronaca Estense_, xviii. p. 409.
[406] Chronaca, p. 140.
[407] Book x.
[408] Gregorovius, vol. vi. p. 294.
[409] “He said that they had bewitched him in prison” (Anonimo).
[410] Even within a few months from his first assumption of the tribunate he became “addicted to rich food, and began to multiply suppers, banquets, and revels of divers meats and wines. About the end of December he began to grow stout and ruddy, and eat with a better appetite” (Anonimo, p. 92).
[411] Gaye, _Carteggio inedito d’artisti_, Florence, 1839; Hoxemio, _Qui Gesta Pontificum_, &c., &c., Leodii, 1822, ii. pp. 272-514; Papencordt, _Cola di Rienzi_, Hamburg, 1847; Hobhouse, _Historic Illustrations of Childe Harold_, 1818; De Sade, _Mémoires de Pétrarque_, iii.
[412] Even in the autograph MSS. we find _cotidie_ for _quotidie_; _Capitalo_ for _Capitolis_; _patrabantur_ for _perpetrabantur_; _speraverim_ for _spreverim_; _michi_ for _mihi_. I have already noted the strange blunder of explaining the _Pomærium_--the district between the inner and outer walls of Rome--by “the _garden of Italy_.” All this indicates a scholarship which was neither very full nor very accurate. As to his caligraphy, there is nothing particular to remark.
[413] Among his vagaries, we have already noted that of crowning himself with seven crowns. In his seals there were seven stars and seven rays, which, under the second Tribunate, became eight.
[414] Monomaniacs while remaining constant to a fixed erroneous idea, vary, to a degree which amounts to contradiction, in the accessory details. It is thus that I explain the fact that, in his second tribunate he claimed to be the son, not of the emperor, but of a bastard of his. There has been found, near the Ponte Senatorio, in excavating the ruins of a building, restored apparently by Rienzi, this inscription dictated by him--according to Gabrini--in order to publish to the world his disgraceful delusion: “Nicolaus, Tribunus, Severus, Clemens, Laurentii, Teutonici filius, Gabrinius, Romae Senator,” with a timid allusion to a German, who was not Henry, but an illegitimate son of his (Gabrini, _Osservazioni storico-critiche sulla Vita di Rienzi_, 1706, p. 96).
[415] Anonimo, p. 92.
[416] See for other proofs my _Tre Tribuni_, 1887.
[417] P. C. Falletti, _Del carattere di Fra Tommaso Campanella_, Turin, 1889; _Rivista Storica Italiana_, vol. vi. fasciculo 2; Amabile, _Fra T. Campanella e la sua congiura_, Naples, 1882; _Fra T. C. nei Castelli di Napoli_, &c., vol. ii.; _Fra T. Pignatelli e la sua congiura_, 1887; Berti, _Lettere inedite di T. Campanella_, 1878; Idem, _Nuovi documenti su Campanella_, 1881.
[418] Abbé Saglier, _Vie de Saint Jean de Dios_; M. duCamp, _La Charité à Paris_, 1885.
[419] It is a curious point, that all these saints (Lazzaretti, Loyola, &c.) began by leading a wild life.
[420] Maxime du Camp, _Souvenirs Littéraires_, 1882 (2nd ed.)
[421] See the paper on David Lazzaretti, by Nocito and Lombroso, in the _Archivio di Psichiatria_, 1881, vol. i. fasc. ii. iii.; Verga, _Lazzaretti e la pazzia sensoria_, Milan, 1880; Caravaggio, _Inchiesta e Relazione su Arcidosso_, 1878, _Gazzetta Ufficiale_, for October 1, No. 321.
[422] _Signes physiques des manies raisonnantes_, 1876.
[423] Verga, _Lazzaretti_, 1880.
[424] At Pesaro I had under my care several nuns from Roman convents, whose language I never heard surpassed in obscene blasphemy. I have also attended exceedingly devout Jews, whose first symptom was the wish to be baptised, and who, immediately after their recovery, became more orthodox than before.
[425] Deposition of the witness Vichi.
[426] His first arrest took place in the island of Monte Cristo, for preaching sedition among the fishermen. Thence, he was transferred to Orbetello (see Verga, _Su Lazzaretti e la follia sensoria_, 1880).
[427] Nocito and Lombroso, Davide Lazzaretti (_Archivio di Psichiatria_, 1880, ii. Turin). In this article are detailed the causes of the error into which the experts fell--an error which cost the country an enormous expenditure and several human lives.
[428] _Lo Statute Civile del Regno Pontificio in Italia._
[429] See Lombroso, _Remarks on the Passanante Trial_, 1876, pp. 16, 17.
[430] Esquirol mentions a madwoman who said to him, “I have not the courage to kill myself; I must kill some one else, so that I can die.” She attempted the life of her daughter.
[431] In spite of all this, six Italian mental specialists have declared Passanante free from all suspicion of insanity; and he is still confined in a convict prison.
[432] See, for further details, _Archivio di Psichiatria_, vol. iv.
[433] _Las Neurosis de los Hombres celebres en la Historia Argentina_, by José Maria Ramon Mejia, Buenos Ayres, 1878.
[434] _De Vita Propria._
[435] Schurz, ii.
[436] _Ibid._, p. 283.
[437] January, 1765.
[438] Of 45 insane writers referred to by Philomneste (_op. cit._) there were--15 who devoted themselves to poetry, 12 to theology, 5 to prophecy, 3 to autobiography, 2 to mathematics, 2 to mental pathology, 2 to politics. Poetry predominates for the reason above given, while, on the other hand, theology, philosophy, and the like are more prominent in the mattoids.
[439] Page 200.
[440] He declares that musk reminds him of scarlet and gold, and describes “perfumes which have the smell of infants’ flesh, or of the dawn,” &c., &c.
[441] Manso, _Vita_, p. 249.
[442] Du Vin, i. 1880.
[443] Schurz, i. 328.
[444] _Kreisler_ is, like himself, full of strange ideals, always at war with reality, and ends by becoming insane.
[445]
“_Francesco, inferma, entro le membra inferme_ _Ho l’anima._”
[446] _Epistolario_, iii. 1.
[447] “Mad Nat Lee,” who was for a long time an inmate of Bedlam, minutely describes the insanity of genius in his poems; _e.g._, in _Cæsar Borgia_:--
“Like a poor lunatic that makes his moan, And, for a while, beguiles his lookers-on, He reasons well. His eyes their wildness lose, He vows his keepers his wronged sense abuse, But if you hit the cause that hurts his brain, Then his teeth gnash, he foams, he shakes his chain.”
See Winslow, _Obscure Diseases of the Brain_, p. 210, London, 1863. See also the chapter “On the Art of Insanity,” for proofs of a like tendency on the part of insane painters.
[448]
“_Vi son dei giorni che il mio cor vien meno_ _E il fango mi conquista._”
[449]
“_Venga l’obbrobrio--dell’uomo sobrio;_ _Venga il disprezzo del genere umano;_ _Venga l’inferno--del Padre Eterno;_ _Vi scenderò col mio bicchiere in mano._”
[450] See Dilthey, _Dichterische Einbildungskraft und Wahnsinn_, Leipzig, 1886.
[451] Letter from Edmond de Goncourt to Emile Zola (_Lettres de Jules de Goncourt_, Paris, 1885).
[452] Déjerine, _De l’Hérédité dans les Maladies_, 1886; Ribot, _De l’Hérédité_, 1878; Ireland, _The Blot upon the Brain_, 1885.
[453] See Part II., pp. 126-132. I must rectify a mistake I have made in not assigning sufficient importance to the influence of race in France. In fact, in revising my studies on a large scale, I find that the departments peopled by the Belgio-Germanic race yield the maximum proportion of geniuses as 40 per cent., while the Celtic departments yielded only 13·5 per cent., and the Iberian 20 per cent.
[454] T. Gautier, according to the Goncourts, often declared that he could not--on account of his youth--convince himself that he was really the father of his daughter (_Journal des Goncourt_, 1888). “La Fontaine was not far removed from a bad man,” says Bourget. “What are we to think of a husband who deserts his young wife and his child, without any motive whatever?” Stendhal (Beyle) hated his father and was hated by him; he always declared his invincible repugnance towards compulsory family affection (Bourget, _Essais de Psychologie_, p. 310). “I consecrated myself to grief for her,” wrote Chateaubriand of Pauline de Baumont. “ ... She had not been dead six months, when her place was filled in my heart” (_Ibid._).
[455] _Revue Littéraire_, Aug. 15, 1887, No. 3.
[456] Lombroso, _Delitti politici_, 1890.
[457] _Correspondance_, 1889, p. 538.
[458] Feeri, _Nuova Antologia_, 1889.
[459] See _Archivio di Psichiatria_, vol. ii.; _L’Uomo Delinquente_,