Part 22

Fort Riley, Kan., 293.

Fort Scott, Kan., 294.

Fort Smith, 223 (_note_).

Fort Walla Walla, 238.

France contends with Spain for dominion, and is defeated, 6; cedes Louisiana to Spain, 163; plays her own game, 168 (_note_); attitude hostile toward us, 171; sells us Louisiana, 174.

Free-soil party formed, 290.

Fremont, J. C., meets Senator Benton, 234; sent to explore South Pass, 234; ascends Fremont's Peak, 236; what he accomplished or recommended, 236; corrects the popular error about the Great Desert, 236; sent to the Lower Columbia, 237; finds a new pass through the Rockies, 238; explores Great Salt Lake, 238; in California, 256; is there again as war is impending, 258; ordered out of the country, 259; heads the American settlers in a revolt against the Mexican Government, 260.

Fremont's Peak ascended, 236.

French Spoliation Fund, its origin, 174.

Frontenac (Louis de Buade) Comte de, made governor of Canada, 83; his character, 84; builds a post on Lake Ontario, 97.

Garrison, William Lloyd, leads anti-slavery men, 247.

Gilpin, William, predicts mineral wealth of Rocky Mountains, 308.

Golden Gate named, 279 (_note_).

Gray, Robert, first sails into the Columbia River, 161, 162 (_note_).

Great American Desert described by Long, 223; its bearing on the Oregon question, 231; Fremont corrects the popular error, 236; its present condition, 325, 329.

Great Salt Lake first mentioned, 35.

Great Salt Lake explored by Fremont, 238, 241 (_note_).

Gregory Diggings, Col., 312.

Gregory, John H., finds gold on Clear Creek, Col., 312.

Gulf of California, missions on, 38.

Gulf of Mexico, early knowledge of, 10, 17 (_note_); coasts described, 114.

Hearne, Samuel, goes to Coppermine River, 137.

Hennepin, Fr. Louis, 99; sent by La Salle to explore the Lower Illinois, 101; described, 105, 106; ascends the Upper Mississippi, 105; taken by Sioux, 106; names Falls of St. Anthony, 107; released by French traders, 108; his account of his explorations, 109 (_note_).

Hot Springs of the Washita, 222.

Houston, Samuel, made president of Texas, 243.

Hudson, Henry, 132, 135 (_note_).

Hudson's Bay explored, 132, 133.

Hudson's Bay Company formed, 134; its early struggles, 134; intent of the grant, 136.

Humboldt Mountains and River named, 258.

Hurons, 71, 72; driven from Lake Huron, 76, 79 (_note_).

Iberville, Le Moyne de, 118, 123 (_note_); arrives at Pensacola, 119, and Mobile Bay, 119; in the Mississippi River, 120; gets a letter from La Salle, 120; forms settlements in Biloxi Bay and Mobile, 121; death, 123.

Idaho, 323, 325 (_note_).

Illinois nation, Joliet and Marquette among, 88.

INDIANS OF FLORIDA, earliest accounts of them, 20; arms and implements, 21; singular tradition about the whites, 24; villages, 24, 25; dress, 25, 26; worship, 26; mode of life, 27. INDIANS OF NEW MEXICO, their houses and villages, 34, 35, 40-43; folk-lore, 45-49; customs, 50; government, 52; Pimos Indians, 39 (_note_). INDIANS OF GREAT LAKES, Hurons, 71-72; Iroquois, 72. INDIANS OF CALIFORNIA, do honor to Drake, 56; as inhabitants of missions, 61-64; in mines, 279. INDIANS OF HUDSON'S BAY, 137. INDIANS OF VANCOUVER ISLAND, 144 (_note_). INDIANS OF NORTH-WEST TERRITORY, 168. INDIANS OF OREGON, 194-196, 197 (_note_); missions among, 233 (_note_). INDIANS OF KANSAS, 293. INDIANS OF TEXAS, 242. INDIANS OF GREAT PLAINS, 186, 221.

(_See_ also under various tribal names.)

Iowa admitted to the Union, 248.

Iroquois, 72; they block up Lakes Ontario and Erie to the French, 76; conquer and disperse the Hurons, 76, 79 (_note_).

Isthmus of Darien crossed by Balboa, 7.

Jefferson, Thomas, moves to unravel the Mississippi question, 172; sets exploration of Louisiana on foot, 184; sends Lewis and Clarke to the Pacific, 187.

Jesuit missionaries in Canada, 74, 79 (_note_).

Joliet, Louis, sent to find the Mississippi River, with Marquette, 85; reaches it, 87; visits the Illinois, 88; reaches the Arkansas nation, 90; turns back, 91, 92 (_note_).

Kansas explored by Pike, 200.

Kansas, parties to the struggle over, 290; passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, 292; described, 292; adapted to slave labor, 294; first advantages with the party of slavery, 295; emigration to, 296; first settlements in, 296; Free-State settlements, 298, 299 (_note_); Missourians seize Territorial government, 302; Topeka Constitution, 302; Lawrence besieged, 302; Free-State leaders held for treason, 303; Lawrence suffers from outrages, 303; Free-State legislature dispersed, 303; Free-State leaders, 304; in a state of anarchy, 305; Lecompton Constitution formed, 305; defeated, 306; ballot-stuffing, 306; admitted to the Union, 320.

Kansas City, beginnings of, 234, 241 (_note_).

Kearney, Stephen W., marches to New Mexico, 252; takes possession, 254; goes on to California, 255, 256 (_note_); beaten at San Pasqual, 263.

Kendrick, John, sails through the Straits of Fuca, 147 (_note_), 158.

Kentucky admitted to the Union, 167.

Kino, Fr. Eusebius, founds missions, 38.

La Chine, origin of name, 96, 99 (_note_).

Laclede, Pierre, founds St. Louis, 179, 183 (_note_).

Lake Michigan, 92 (_note_).

Lake Pepin, 107, 109 (_note_).

Lake Superior Indians at Quebec, 77.

Lane, James H., 304, 307 (_note_).

La Peyrouse, 64, 66 (_note_).

Larkin, Thomas O., 264 (_note_); describes gold discovery, 274, 275.

La Salle, Robert Cavelier de, described, 93, 94; goes in search of the Ohio, 97; Frontenac his friend, 97; plans a colony at mouth of the Mississippi, 98; gets a patent from Louis XIV., 98, 99 (_note_); builds a fort and vessel on Niagara River, 99; sails for Green Bay, 100; starts hence for the Mississippi River, and descends the Illinois, 101; winters among the Illinois, 101; returns to Frontenac, 101; again sets out, 102; finds Crèvecœur in ruins and deserted, 102; makes a third attempt, 103; builds Fort Prudhomme, 103; reaches the Gulf and takes possession of Louisiana, 103, 104; goes to France, 111; sails for the Mississippi River, 112; lands on the coast of Texas, 112; a chapter of disasters, 113; builds Fort St. Louis on Lavaca River, 113; sets out for the Mississippi, 115; is killed, 117 (and _note_); name honored, 123 (_note_).

Law, John, his Mississippi scheme, 126, 130 (_note_).

Lawrence, Kan., founded, 298, 299 (_note_); besieged, 302; destruction of property at, 303.

Leavenworth, Kan., founded, 296, 299 (_note_).

Lecompton settled, 297, 299 (_note_); pro-slavery party form a State constitution at, 305.

Ledyard, John, 144, 145; his idea, 153, 156 (_note_); a deserter, 154; goes to France, 154; Jefferson's advice taken, 155; attempts to reach the north-west coast by way of Kamschatka, and fails, 156.

Lewis, Meriwether, explores Louisiana, 187, 191 (_note_); ascends the Missouri, 188; among the Mandans, 189; reaches the Great Falls, 191; sets out across the mountains, 192; brings back guides and horses, 194; sufferings in the mountains, 195; reaches Lewis River, 195; descends the Columbia, 195; and reaches the sea, 197.

Lewis River (Snake River of Oregon), named, 195.

Little Rock, 223 (_note_).

Livingston, Robert R., opens negotiations for the purchase of Louisiana, 173, 175 (_note_).

Long, Stephen Harriman, sent to explore the Platte Valley, 219; ascends the Missouri in a steamboat, 219, 223 (_note_); winters near Council Bluffs, 221; goes down the South Platte to the mountains, 222; thence by the Canadian to Fort Smith, 222; pronounces the Great Plains a desert, 223.

Long's Peak ascended, 222.

Louis XIV., beginning of his reign, 81; its character described, 130 (_note_).

Louisiana, the name, 104; La Salle's colony, 109, 123 (_note_); Iberville's colony, 118; under Crozat, 125; under Law, 126; settlements begun, 127; ceded to Spain, 163; upper settlements, 166; lower settlements, 167; ceded to the United States, 174; settlements and population in 1803, 176-183; a State, 214.

Louisville founded, 168.

Mackenzie, Alexander, discovers the Mackenzie River, 138; reaches the Pacific, 139.

Mandan tradition, 39 (_note_).

Marco de Niza explores New Mexico, 32, 39 (_note_).

Marquette, Fr. James, goes to Lake Superior, 78, 80 (_note_); goes with Joliet to find the Mississippi River (_see_ Joliet).

Marshall, James W., discovers gold in California, 272.

Mendoza, Antonio de, sends explorers into New Mexico, 32.

McCormick, Cyrus H., his reaping-machine, 327.

Meramec lead-mines, 182.

Mexico, conquest of, 5; an historic initial-point, 7.

Mexico, war with her, 250 (_note_); it is unpopular in the North, 251 (_note_); peace and its results, 263.

Minnesota explored by Hennepin, 105-107; by Carver, 150-152; posts in, 183; by Pike, 198; by Nicollet and Fremont, 234, 241 (_note_); admitted to the Union, 307.

Mississippi River, The, nearly discovered, 10; De Soto finds it, 16; name, 17 (_note_); the Sioux describe it, 78, 80 (_note_); acquires a first importance with the French, 82; fables about, 89; explored by Joliet and Marquette, 85-92; by La Salle, 103, 104.

Mississippi Territory formed, 167.

Missions in New Mexico, 37; in California, 60-64, 66 (_note_); on Lake Huron, 74, 75; Lake Superior, 77, 78, 79; Oregon, 233 (_note_), 238, 240; Texas, 246 (_note_); Kansas, 293.

Missouri, settlements in, 1819, 219; struggle over her admission as a State, 223-227; her growth, 228.

Missouri Compromise, the, 226; set aside, 292, 294 (_note_).

Missouri River first mentioned, 89, 92 (_note_); its sources unknown, 1783, 162, 168 (_note_), 185, 191 (_note_).

Monroe Doctrine enunciated, 231, 233 (_note_).

Montana, 323, 325 (_note_).

Monterey visited, 59; mission at, 61; name, 66 (_note_).

Montezuma, 48, 52 (_note_).

Mormons as soldiers, 253; rise of the sect, 268 (_note_); decide to go to Salt Lake, and why, 266; their city, 266, 268 (_note_); their growth, 267; and creed, 267; in California, 273, 275 (_note_).

Mormon Diggings, 273, 274, 275 (_note_).

Moscoso, Luis de, succeeds De Soto and saves his men, 17 (_note_), 18.

Mount St. Elias discovered, 141.

Natchez Indians, 123, 124.

Natchez, its importance to Louisiana, 123; fort at, 124.

Natchitoches occupied by French, 124, 130 (_note_).

Nebraska, Act forming the Territory, 292; not adapted for slave labor, 294; Pacific Railroad begun in, 318, 320 (_note_); growth of, 321; admitted to the Union, 321, 322 (_note_).

New England Emigrant Aid Company, 297, 299 (_note_).

New Madrid, 178, 183 (_note_).

New Mexico first explored by Marco de Niza and Vasquez de Coronado, 32; fallacies concerning it, 30; obstacles in the way, 30; second exploration, 33; third do., 33, 34; villages and people described, 34, 35; named, 35; colonized, 37; missions in, 37; native insurrection in, 37; new invasion, 38; native cities described, 40-44; in 1807, 205-208; its importance to emigration, 251, 252; Kearney sent to take it, 252; yields without fighting, 254; insurrection at Taos, 256 (_note_); ceded to the United States, 263.

New Orleans founded, 128, 130 (_note_); described by Charlevoix, 129; in 1803, 177, 178; attempt of England to seize, 214.

Nevada, rise of, 321; a State, 321, 322 (_note_).

Nez Percés mission, 238.

Niagara River and Falls, 74, 79 (_note_); seized by La Salle, 99, 104 (_note_).

Nicolet, Jean, at Green Bay, 75, 79 (_note_).

Nootka Sound, 146 (_note_).

North-west Company, 183 (_note_).

North-west Territory formed and slavery excluded, 165; area and population, 166, 168 (_note_).

Northern Pacific Railway, 323, 325 (_note_).

Nueces River, 249, 251 (_note_).

Ohio River a boundary between slave and free States, 165.

Omaha, 321, 322 (_note_).

Ordinance of 1787, 165.

Oregon, name first mentioned, 152, 153 (_note_).

Oregon, first American establishments in, 212, 213; rivalries of the fur-traders, 229; quarrel with England about boundary, 230; public opinion about Oregon, 231; various settlements in, 232, 233 (notes); effort to keep Americans out of, 239; Dr. Whitman's heroic efforts to win Oregon for us, 239; Ashburton treaty, 239; Willamette Valley being settled, 240; admitted to the Union, 307.

Oregon trail, 229, 233 (_note_); Fremont explores, 234, 235; hard travelling it, 239.

Pacific Ocean, or Great South Sea, reached by Balboa and Cortez, 7.

Pacific Railroad talked of, 257; on the frontier, 316; authorized, 320 (_note_); begun during the civil war, 318; attacked by Indians, 319; completed, 319; effect on the growth of the Great West, 327.

Pensacola, 119, 123 (_note_).

Peter the Great attempts discoveries in the North-West, 140.

Philip II. (of Spain), last days of, 53, 54; his character, 81.

Pierce, Franklin, elected President, 292, 294 (_note_).

Pike, Zebulon M., explores the Arkansas, 198, 204 (_note_); in Kansas, 200; among the Pawnees, 200; ascends Pike's Peak, 202; lost in the mountains, 203; taken to Santa Fé, 203.

Pike's Peak ascended and named, 202; first name for Colorado gold-mines, 309.

Pimeria, 38, 39 (_note_).

Platte River, 185, 191 (_note_).

Platte Valley, Long explores it, 219.

Polk, James K., 246 (and _note_).

Ponce de Leon, Juan, discovers Florida, 6.

Pony express, 316, 320 (_note_).

Prairie du Chien, Joliet at, 87; Jonathan Carver at, 152; in 1803, 183.

Prince Rupert founds Hudson's Bay Company, 134, 135 (_note_).

Pursley, James, discovers gold in Colorado, 210.

Quebec founded, 69; taken, 75.

Robinson, Charles, in Kansas, 299; indicted for treason, 302, 307 (_note_).

Russian American Company, 142.

St. Charles (Mo.), 183 (_note_).

San Diego visited, 59; mission at, 61.

St. Domingo, 119, 123 (_note_).

St. Genevieve, 183 (_note_).

San Francisco, mission founded, 61.

San Francisco in 1849, 282, 284 (_note_).

Santa Fé founded, 37; in 1807, 206; taken by Gen. Kearney, 254.

Santa Fé Trail, 229, 233 (_note_).

San Jacinto, 243, 246 (_note_).

St. Lawrence River, route of French discovery and settlement, 68; ascended by Cartier and Champlain, 69, 71 (_note_); the key of the continent, 69.

St. Louis, rise of, 179; in 1803, 181, 182; in 1816, 227.

St. Louis of Texas (La Salle's colony), 114, 117 (_note_).

St. Paul, 107, 109 (_note_).

St. Vrain's Fort, 235, 241 (_note_).

Sacramento City founded, 283.

Salt Lake City laid out, 266, 268 (_note_).

Sandwich Islands, discovered, 144; named, 146 (_note_).

Sault Ste. Marie, possession taken of the Great West by France, 79.

Scott, Winfield, conquest of Mexico, 263.

Sitka founded, 142 (_note_).

Sioux, first meeting with whites, 77; Hennepin among, 106, 107, 109 (_note_).

Sioux War (1876), 325.

Slavery introduced by De Soto into Florida, 13; as practised by the Indians, 17 (_note_); African slavery in Louisiana, 127, 130 (_note_); excluded from the North-west Territory, 165; admitted to Missouri, 223-227; in Texas, 243, 244; become a sectional issue, 246; party formed to antagonize it, 247; petitions against, refused by Congress, 248; struggle over the admission of California, 287; contest in Kansas, 289.

Southern Pacific Railway, 65.

South Pass, Fremont sent to explore it, 234, 241 (_note_).

South Sea, The. _See_ Pacific Ocean.

Spain, mistress of the seas, 2; what Columbus did for, 3; divides with Portugal dominion in the East and West, 3, 4; sends expeditions to Florida and Mexico, 4; reign of Charles V., 4-8; her invincibility broken, 59, 66 (_note_); gives up Vancouver Island to England, 146 (_note_); claim to north-west coast, 159; gets back Louisiana, 163; and Florida, 164; shuts up New Orleans to our commerce, 172, 175 (_notes 2 and 3_); loses Mexico, 241.

Steamboat first navigates the Missouri, 219.

Stockton, Robert F., 261; conquers California, 262.

Stockton, Cal., founded, 283.

Straits of Fuca discovered, 59; explored, 146 (_note_).

Sutter's Fort, 256, 263 (_note_); Fremont's headquarters at, 260.

Taylor, Zachary, commands in Mexico, 250, 263.

Tennessee admitted to the Union, 167.

Terra Firma, 9 (_note_).

Texas, 118 (_note_); _see also_ St. Louis of Texas; Americans invited to, 241; in 1821, 242, 246 (_note_); emigration, 2; and its character, 243; revolts against Mexico, 243; conquers her independence, 243; applies for admission to the Union, 244; is opposed by the North, 245; but comes in, 246; her boundary in dispute, 249.

Topeka Constitution, 307 (_note_).

Utah, 267, 268 (_note_).

Vancouver, George, 146 (_note_).

Vizcaino, Sebastian, enters San Diego and Monterey, 59.

Washington Territory, 323, 325 (_note_).

Webster, Daniel, his attitude toward slavery in new States, 291, 294 (_note_).

Whitman, Marcus, founds a mission in Oregon, 232, 233 (_note_), 238; his memorable ride to St. Louis, 239.

Wilkes, Charles, explores north-west coast, 240, 241 (_note_).

Willamette Valley settled, 240.

Wisconsin, first white man in, 75, 79 (_note_).

Wisconsin River found to be a tributary of the Mississippi, 78.

Wyeth, Nathaniel J., in Oregon, 232, 233 (_note_).

Wyoming Territory, 324.

Yellowstone Park, 324.

Yellowstone River, 185, 191 (_note_).

Yerba Buena, 282, 284 (_note_).

Young, Brigham, 265.

Zuñi visited by Spaniards, 35, 39 (_note_).

End of Project Gutenberg's The Making of the Great West, by Samuel Adams Drake