Part 25

_Turdus melodus_ (wood thrush), common in all the woods.

_Turdus Wilsonii_ (Wilson’s thrush), Moosehead and beyond.

_Turdus aurocapillus_ (golden-crowned thrush or oven-bird), Moosehead.

_Fringilla albicollis_ (white-throated sparrow), Kineo and after, apparently nesting; the prevailing bird early and late.

_Fringilla melodia_ (song sparrow), at Moosehead or beyond.

_Sylvia pinus_ (pine warbler), one part of voyage.

_Trichas Marylandica_ (Maryland yellow-throat), everywhere.

_Coccyzus Americanus_ (_?_) (yellow-billed cuckoo), common.

_Picus erythrocephalus_ (red-headed woodpecker), heard and saw, and good to eat.

_Sitta Carolinensis_ (_?_) (white-breasted American nuthatch), heard.

_Alcedo alcyon_ (belted kingfisher), very common.

_Caprimulgus Americanus_ (nighthawk).

_Tetrao umbellus_ (partridge), Moosehead Carry, etc.

_Tetrao cupido_ (_?_) (pinnated grouse), Webster Stream.

_Ardea cærulea_ (blue heron), lower part of Penobscot.

_Totanus macularius_ (spotted sandpiper or peetweet), everywhere.

_Larus argentatus_ (_?_) (herring gull), Heron Lake on rocks, and Chamberlain. Smaller gull on Second Lake.

_Anas obscura_ (dusky or black duck), once in East Branch.

_Anas sponsa_ (summer or wood duck), everywhere.

_Fuligula albeola_ (spirit duck or dipper), common.

_Colymbus glacialis_ (great northern diver or loon), in all the lakes.

_Mergus Merganser_ (buff-breasted merganser or sheldrake), common on lakes and rivers.

A swallow; the night-warbler (?) once or twice.

V. QUADRUPEDS

A bat on West Branch; beaver skull at Grand Lake; Mr. Thatcher ate beaver with moose on the Caucomgomoc. A muskrat on the last stream; the red squirrel is common in the depths of the woods; a dead porcupine on Chamberlain road; a cow moose and tracks of calf; skin of a bear, just killed.

VI. OUTFIT FOR AN EXCURSION

The following will be a good outfit for one who wishes to make an excursion of _twelve_ days into the Maine woods in July, with a companion and one Indian, for the same purposes that I did.

_Wear_,--a check shirt, stout old shoes, thick socks, a neck-ribbon, thick waistcoat, thick pants, old Kossuth hat, a linen sack.

_Carry_,--in an india-rubber knapsack, with a large flap, two shirts (check), one pair thick socks, one pair drawers, one flannel shirt, two pocket-handkerchiefs, a light india-rubber coat or a thick woolen one, two bosoms and collars to go and come with, one napkin, pins, needles, thread, one blanket, best gray, seven feet long.

_Tent_,--six by seven feet, and four feet high in middle, will do; veil and gloves and insect-wash, or, better, mosquito-bars to cover all at night; best pocket map, and perhaps description of the route; compass; plant-book and red blotting-paper; paper and stamps, botany, small pocket spy-glass for birds, pocket microscope, tape-measure, insect-boxes.

Axe, full size if possible, jackknife, fish-lines, two only apiece, with a few hooks and corks ready, and with pork for bait in a packet, rigged; matches (some also in a small vial in the waistcoat pocket); soap, two pieces; large knife and iron spoon (for all); three or four old newspapers, much twine, and several rags for dish-cloths; twenty feet of strong cord, four-quart tin pail for kettle, two tin dippers, three tin plates, a fry-pan.

_Provisions._--Soft hard-bread, twenty-eight pounds; pork, sixteen pounds; sugar, twelve pounds; one pound black tea or three pounds coffee; one box or a pint of salt; one quart Indian meal, to fry fish in; six lemons, good to correct the pork and warm water; perhaps two or three pounds of rice, for variety. You will probably get some berries, fish, etc., beside.

A gun is not worth the carriage, unless you go as hunters. The pork should be in an open keg, sawed to fit; the sugar, tea or coffee, meal, salt, etc., should be put in separate water-tight india-rubber bags, tied with a leather string; and all the provisions, and part of the rest of the baggage, put into two large india-rubber bags, which have been proved to be water-tight and durable.

Expense of preceding outfit is twenty-four dollars.

An Indian may be hired for about one dollar and fifty cents per day, and perhaps fifty cents a week for his canoe (this depends on the demand). The canoe should be a strong and tight one. This expense will be nineteen dollars.

Such an excursion need not cost more than twenty-five dollars apiece, starting at the foot of Moosehead, if you already possess or can borrow a reasonable part of the outfit. If you take an Indian and canoe at Oldtown, it will cost seven or eight dollars more to transport them to the lake.

VII. A LIST OF INDIAN WORDS

1. _Ktaadn_, said to mean _Highest Land_, Rasles puts for _Mt. Pemadene_; for _Grai, pierre à aiguiser_, _Kitadaügan_. (_Vide_ Potter.)

_Mattawamkeag_, place where two rivers meet. (Indian of carry.) (_Vide_ Williamson’s History of Maine, and Willis.)

_Molunkus._

_Ebeeme_, rock.

_Noliseemack_; other name, Shad Pond.

_Kecunnilessu_, chickadee. } } _Nipsquecohossus_, woodcock. } } _Skuscumonsuk_, kingfisher. Has it not the pl. termination } _uk_ here, or _suk_? } Joe. } _Wassus_, bear, _aouessous_ (Rasles). } } _Lunxus_, Indian-devil. } } _Upahsis_, mountain-ash. }

_Moose_ (is it called, or does it mean, wood-eater?), _mous_ (Rasles).

_Katahdinauguoh_, said to mean mountains about Ktaadn.

_Ebemena_, tree-cranberry. _Ibibimin_, _nar_, red, bad }Joe fruit. (Rasles.) }

_Wighiggin_, a bill or writing, _aouixigan_, } Ind’n of “_livre_, _lettre_, _peinture_, _ceinture_” (Rasles). } carry.

_Sebamook_, Large-bay Lake, _Peqouasebem_; add _ar_ } for plural, _lac_ or _étang_, (Rasles). _Ouaürinaügamek_, } Nicholai. _anse dans un lac_, (Rasles). _Mspame_, large water. } Polis. }

_Sebago_ and _Sebec_, large open water.

_Chesuncook_, place where many streams empty in. } (_Vide_ Willis and Potter.) } } Tahmunt, _Caucomgomoc_, Gull Lake. (_Caucomgomoc_, the lake; } etc. _Caucomgomoc-took_, the river, Polis.) }

_Pammadumcook._

_Kenduskieg_, Little Eel River. (_Vide_ Willis.) Nicholai.

_Penobscot_, Rocky River. _Puapeskou_, stone. (Rasles } Ind’n of v. Springer.) } carry.

_Umbazookskus_, meadow stream. (Much-meadow } river, Polis.) } } _Millinocket_, place of islands. } Nicholai. } _Souneunk_, that runs between mountains. } } _Aboljacarmegus_, Smooth-ledge Falls and Deadwater. }

_Aboljacarmeguscook_, the river there.

_Muskiticook_, dead stream. (Indian of carry.) _Meskikou_, or _Meskikouikou_, a place where there is grass, (Rasles). _Muskéeticook_, deadwater, (Polis).

_Mattahumkeag_, Sand-creek Pond. } } Nicholai. _Piscataquis_, branch of river. }

_Shecorways_, sheldrakes. } } _Naramekechus_, peetweet. } Polis. } _Medawisla_, loon. }

_Orignal_, Moosehead Lake. (Montresor.)

_Chor-chor-que_, usnea. } } _Adelungquamooktum_, wood thrush. } } _Bematruichtik_, high land generally. } Polis. (_Mt. Pemadené._ Rasles). } } _Maquoxigil_, bark of red osier, Indian tobacco. }

_Kineo_, flint (Williamson; old Indian hunter). (Hodge.)

_Artoosoqu’_, phosphorescence. } } _Subekoondark_, white spruce. } } _Skusk_, black spruce. } } _Beskabekuk_, the “Lobster Lake” of maps. } Polis. } _Beskabekukskishtuk_, the deadwater below the island. } } _Paytaytequick_, Burnt-Ground Stream, what Joe } called _Ragmuff_. } } _Nonlangyis_, the name of a deadwater between the } last and Pine Stream. }

_Karsaootuk_, Black River (or Pine Stream). _Mkazéouighen_, } black, (Rasles). } } _Michigan, fimus._ Polis applied it to a sucker, or } a poor, good-for-nothing fish. _Fiante (?) mitsegan_ } (Rasles). (Pickering puts the ? after the first word.) } } _Cowosnebagosar_, _Chiogenes hispidula_, means, grows } where trees have rotted. } } Polis. _Pockadunkquaywayle_, echo. _Pagadaükoueouérré_ } (Rasles). } } _Bororquasis_, moose-fly. } } _Nerlumskeechtcook_ (or _quoik_?), (or _skeetcook_), } Deadwater, and applied to the mountains near. } } _Apmoojenegamook_, lake that is crossed. } } _Allegash_, hemlock bark. (_Vide_ Willis.) }

_Paytaywecongomec_, Burnt-Ground Lake, _Telos_.

_Madunkehunk_, Height-of-Land Stream (Webster } Stream). } } _Madunkehunk-gamooc_, Height-of-Land Lake. } } _Matungamooc_, Grand Lake. } } _Uncardnerheese_, Trout Stream. } } _Wassataquoik_ (or _-cook_), Salmon River, East Branch. } (_Vide_ Willis.) } } Polis. _Pemoymenuk_, amelanchier berries, “_Pemouaimin, } nak_, a black fruit. Rasles.” Has it not here the plural } ending? } } _Sheepnoc_, _Lilium Canadense_ bulbs. “_Sipen, nak_, } white, larger than _penak_” (Rasles). } } _Paytgumkiss_, Petticoat (where a small river comes } into the Penobscot below Nicketow). } } _Burntibus_, a lake-like reach in the Penobscot. }

_Passadumkeag_, “where the water falls into the Penobscot above the falls” (Williamson). _Paüsidaükioui_ is, _au dessus de la montagne_ (Rasles).

_Olarmon_, or _larmon_ (Polis), red paint. “Vermilion, paint, _Ouramaü_” (Rasles).

_Sunkhaze_, “See canoe come out; no see ’em stream” (Polis). The mouth of a river, according to Rasles, is _Saüghedétegoue_. The place where one stream empties into another, thus [Symbol] is _saüktaüoui_. (_Vide_ Willis.)

_Tomhegan_ Br. (at Moosehead). “_Hatchet_, _temahigan_” (Rasles).

_Nicketow_, “_Nicketaoutegué_, or _Niketoutegoue_, _rivière qui fourche_” (Rasles).

2. From WILLIAM WILLIS, on the Language of the Abnaquies, Maine Hist. Coll., Vol. IV.

_Abalajako-megus_ (river near Ktaadn).

_Aitteon_ (name of a pond and sachem).

_Apmogenegamook_ (name of a lake).

_Allagash_ (a bark camp). Sockbasin, a Penobscot, told him, “The Indians gave this name to the lake from the fact of their keeping a hunting-camp there.”

_Bamonewengamock_, head of Allegash, Cross Lake. (Sockbasin.)

_Chesuncook_, Big Lake. (Sockbasin.)

_Caucongamock_ (a lake).

_Ebeeme_, mountains that have plums on them. (Sockbasin).

_Ktaadn_. Sockbasin pronounces this Ka-tah-din, and said it meant “large mountain or large thing.”

_Kenduskeag_ (the place of eels).

_Kineo_ (flint), mountain on the border, etc.

_Metawamkeag_, a river with a smooth, gravelly bottom. (Sockbasin.)

_Metanawcook._

_Millinoket_, a lake with many islands in it. (Sockbasin.)

_Matakeunk_ (river).

_Molunkus_ (river).

_Nicketow_, Neccotoh, where two streams meet (“Forks of the Penobscot”).

_Negas_ (Indian village on the Kenduskeag).

_Orignal_ (Montresor’s name for Moosehead Lake).

_Ponguongamook_, Allagash, name of a Mohawk Indian killed there. (Sockbasin.)

_Penobscot_, _Penobskeag_, French _Pentagoet_, etc.

_Pougohwaken_ (Heron Lake).

_Pemadumcook_ (lake).

_Passadumkeag_, where water goes into the river above falls. (Williamson.)

_Ripogenus_ (river).

_Sunkhaze_ (river), deadwater.

_Souneunk._

_Seboomook._ Sockbasin says this word means “the shape of a Moose’s head, and was given to the lake,” etc. Howard says differently.

_Seboois_, a brook, a small river. (Sockbasin.)

_Sebec_ (river).

_Sebago_ (great water).

_Telos_ (lake).

_Telasius_ (lake).

_Umbagog_ (lake), doubled up; so called from its form. (Sockbasin.)

_Umbazookskus_ (lake).

_Wassatiquoik_, a mountain river. (Sockbasin.)

Judge C. E. Potter of Manchester, New Hampshire, adds in November, 1855:--

“_Chesuncook._ This is formed from _Chesunk_, or _Schunk_ (a goose), and _Auke_ (a place), and means ‘The Goose Place.’ Chesunk, or Schunk, is the sound made by the wild geese when flying.”

_Ktaadn._ This is doubtless a corruption of _kees_ (high), and _auke_ (a place).

_Penobscot_, _penapse_ (stone, rock place), and _auke_ (place).

_Suncook_, goose place, _Schunk-auke_.

The Judge says that _schoot_ means to rush, and hence _schoodic_ from this and _auke_ (a place where water rushes), and that _schoon_ means the same; and that the Marblehead people and others have derived the words “scoon” and “scoot” from the Indians, and hence “schooner”; refers to a Mr. Chute.

INDEX

ABBOT (Me.), 97.

Aboljacarmegus Falls, 58, 82; meaning of the name, 157.

Aboljacarmegus, Lake, 51.

Aboljacknagesic Stream, 51, 58, 59, 62.

Aitteon, Joe, 94, 99, 100, 210, 233, 313.

ALLEGASH AND EAST BRANCH, THE, 174-327.

Allegash Lakes, the, 78, 175, 250, 257.

Allegash River, the, 40, 80, 161, 178, 233, 250, 254-257, 260, 270.

Ambejijis Falls, 50; portage round, 52; 84.

Ambejijis Lake, 45-47, 49, 50, 84, 291.

Ambejijis Stream, 50.

America, the newness of, 90.

Apmoojenegamook Lake, 244; meaning of, 250; 260; a storm on, 263, 264; hard paddling on, 267.

Aroostook (Me.) road, 3, 13, 14; river, 4; wagon, an, 14; valley, 23; sleds of the, 261.

Asters, 97.

Atlas, the General, 95.

Bailey, Prof. J. W., 4.

Bangor (Me.), 3, 4, 9, 12; passage to, 16; 23, 36, 38, 74, 86, 91, 94-98; the deer that went a-shopping in, 154; 160, 161, 166, 167, 174, 175; House, the, 177; 250, 251, 256, 257, 290, 307.

Batteaux, 6, 35.

Bears, abundance of, 235.

Bed, a cedar-twig, 60; of arbor-vitæ twigs, 265; the primitive, by all rivers, 317.

Birds, in the wilderness, 118; about Moosehead Lake, 186; about Mud Pond Carry, 237; near Chamberlain Lake, 240, 241; on Heron Lake, 255; on East Branch, 309.

Black flies, protection against, 236; 246.

Blueberries, 66, 298.

Boston (Mass.), countrified minds in towns about, 24.

Bowlin Stream, 308.

Burnt Land, the, 29, 77.

“Burntibus,” 319.

Camp, loggers’, 20; reading matter in a, 37, 38; on side of Ktaadn, a, 68; the routine for making, 210-212; darkness about a, 303, 304.

Canadian boat-song, 42; a blind, 234.

Canoe, a birch, 106; used in third excursion to Maine Woods, 181; shipping water in a, 189; crossing lakes in a, 206; carrying a, 207, 208; running rapids in a, 275-277, 279, 280.

Carbuncle Mountain, 291.

Caribou Lake, 216.

Carry, Indian’s method with canoe at a, 207, 208; a wet, 235-244; berries at each, 305, 306; race at a, 314, 315.

Caucomgomoc Lake, meaning of the name, 156; 222, 223.

Caucomgomoc Mountain, 233.

Caucomgomoc Stream, 142, 147, 219, 229, 247, 297.

Cedar tea, arbor-vitæ, or, 60.

Chaleur, Bay of, 178.

Chamberlain Farm, the, 245, 264, 265.

Chamberlain Lake, 101, 145, 161, 233, 237, 239, 240; Apmoojenegamook or, 244; dams about, 251; 262, 267.

Checkerberry-Tea Camp, 301.

CHESUNCOOK, 93-173.

Chesuncook Deadwater, 217.

Chesuncook Lake, 5, 11, 36, 73, 80, 86, 94, 104, 105, 117, 119, 136, 137; meaning of the word, 156; 176; going to church on, 214; 234, 250, 254.

Chivin, silvery roaches, cousin-trout, or, 59; 312.

Civilization and landscape, 171-173.

Cloud, entering a, 70; factory, a, 70.

Cold Stream Pond, 9.

Colton’s Map of Maine, 104, 308.

Concord (Mass.), 1, 24, 76, 117; meaning of Indian name for, 157, 187; 214, 268; the Assabet in, 278.

Concord River, 229, 278, 299.

Cranberries, mountain, 27; tree-, 147.

Crosses in the wilderness, 50.

Curing moose meat and hide, 149, 150, 208.

De Bry’s _Collectio Peregrinationum_, 149.

Deep Cove, 45, 84.

Deer, 154.

Deer Island, 100, 183, 185, 188.

“Die and be buried who will,” verse, 90.

Dippers, a brood of, 184.

Dog, a troublesome, 177.

Double Top Mountain, 49.

Dream of fishing, a, 61.

Eagle Lake, 101, 161; road, 261.

EAST BRANCH, THE ALLEGASH AND, 174-327.

East Branch, mouth of the, 19; 23, 161, 175, 176, 249, 256, 257, 268; Hunt’s house on the, 269, 270, 273, 274, 288, 289, 298, 312, 315, 316.

Eel River, 256.

Elegy in a Country Churchyard, quoted, 19.

Enfield (Me.), 9.

Everlasting, the pearly, 97.

Fenwick, Bishop, 323.

Fire, a camp, 43, 115, 116.

Fire-weed, 95, 282.

Fishing, 58; the Caucomgomoc, 147.

Five Islands, the, 11, 31, 87, 320.

Fowler, Thomas, sheltered and joined by, 29-34.

Fredericton (N. B.), 16.

Freshet, the Great, 58.

Frontier houses, 144.

Fundy, Bay of, 254.

Goldenrod, 97.

Grand Falls of the Penobscot, 31; portage to avoid the, 32.

Grand Lake, 268; Indian name for, 295; 297, 307.

Grand Portage, the, 80.

Greenbush (Me.), 324.

Greenleaf’s Map of Maine, 16.

Greenville (Me.), 99, 101, 188, 194, 209.

Hedgehog, shooting a, 130.

Heron Lake, 254, 255.

Hide, stretching a, 147, 148; sale of a moose-, 152.

“Highlands” between the Penobscot and St. John, 238.

Hilton’s clearing, 105.

History, reading, 87.

Hobble-bush, wayfarer’s tree or, 96.

Hodge, assistant geologist, quoted, 29, 80.

Holland, the King of, in his element, 239.

Horns, uses for deer’s, 97, 98.

Hornstone, 194.

Houlton (Me.), road, the, 3, 8, 9, 12, 13.

Hunter, a “gentlemanly,” 178, 179; Indian, with hides, 231; enviable life of a, 269, 270.

Hunting, the degradation of, 132-134.

Indian, extinction, 7; guides secured, 11; belief that river ran two ways, 35; words for some birds and animals, 108; camp, an, 146-159; language, 151; words for Maine waters, 155-157; houses at Oldtown, 161; relics, 166; speech, 187; singing, 198; methods of guiding, 204-206; manner of carrying canoes, 207, 208; inscription, an, 220; wardrobe, 249, 250; failure to understand avoidance of settlers, 258; medicines, 259; travel, 260, 261; as umpire, 267; skill in retracing steps, 277; relics and geographical names, 297; good manners, 300; devil (or cougar), the, 306; reticence and talkativeness, 318, 319; sickness, 319, 320; indifference, 326.

Indian Island, 92, 174, 326, 327.

Insect foes, 246.

Jackson, Dr. Charles T., 4, 10; quoted regarding altitude of Ktaadn, 72; on Moosehead Lake, 104; sketches in Reports of, 120; quoted, regarding hornstone on Mount Kineo, 194, 195.

Joe Merry Lakes, the, 45.

Joe Merry Mountain, 38, 51, 218.

Josselyn, John, quoted, 156, 164.

Katepskonegan Falls, 52; Carry, 81.

Katepskonegan Lake, 50, 57.

Katepskonegan Stream, 50.

Kenduskeag, meaning of, 156.

Kennebec River, the, 5, 40, 103, 183, 188, 233, 272.

Kineo, Mount, 9-103, 156, 183, 186, 189; Indian tradition of origin of, 190; hornstone on, 194; 196, 203, 260, 299.

Knife, an Indian, 156.

KTAADN, 3-90.

Ktaadn, Mt., 1; ascents of, 3-5; view of, 23; first view of, 36; 38; the flat summit of, 49; 58, 61; the ascent of, 63-76; altitude of, 72; 96, 121, 136, 167, 215, 218, 249, 257, 260, 297, 312, 313.

Lake country of New England, the, 40.

Larch, extensive wood of, 231.

Lescarbot quoted regarding abundance of fishes, 60.

Lily, the yellow, 209, 291; roots, gathering, 309; roots, soup of, 317.

Lily Bay, 97, 99.

Lincoln (Me.), 9, 85, 260, 319, 321, 322.

Little Schoodic River, the, 23.

Lobster Lake, 106.

Lobster Pond, 210.

Lobster Stream, 105, 210.

Locusts, 254.

Loggers, camps of, 20; a gang of, 38.

Log house, a, 138.

Logs, from woods to market, sending, 46-49.

Loon, Indian word for, 182; cry of the, 247, 248.

Lost, in the lakes, experienced woodmen, 41; in the woods, T.’s companion, 285-290.

Lovewell’s Fight, 245.

Madawaska, the, 80.

Maine, mountainous region of, 4; intelligence of backwoodsmen in, 24; view of, 73; the forest of, 88.

Map of the Public Lands of Maine and Massachusetts, 17, 101, 104, 308.

Marriage, a sign of, 232.

Mars’ Hill, 8.

Matahumkeag, 107; meaning of the word, 157; 210.

Matanancook River, the, 321.

Mattaseunk, 18.

Mattawamkeag, the, 12, 13, 16; meaning of the name, 157; 256.

Mattawamkeag Point, 4, 11, 38, 88, 316, 319.

Matungamook Lake, 295.

McCauslin, or “Uncle George,” weather-bound at farm of, 23-29; good services as guide by, 40-42.

Michaux on lumbering, quoted, 48.

Milford (Me.), 7.

Millinocket Lake, 29, 41, 73, 260.

Millinocket River, 29, 31, 86-88, 223.

Ministers, with, on Ktaadn, 214.

Mohawk Rips, the, 322.

Mohawk traditions, 154.

Molasses, Molly, 174.

Molunkus (Me.), 13, 15.

Monhegan Island, 94.

Monson (Me.), 97, 98, 161.

Moose, sign of, 58, 65, 108; carcass of a, 109; night expedition in vain hunt for, 110-115; shooting at and wounding a, 122-124; found, measured, and skinned, 125-130; Indian ideas about, 153; Indian tradition of evolution of, from the whale, 163; shooting and skinning a, on Second Lake, 292-295.

Moose-flies, 246.