Part 24

Of these, the last of July, 1858, only the _Aster acuminatus_ and great round-leaved orchis were conspicuously in bloom.

The most common flowers of the _river_ and _lake shores_ were: _Thalictrum cornuti_ (meadow-rue); _Hypericum ellipticum_, _mutilum_, and _Canadense_ (St. John’s-wort); horsemint; horehound, _Lycopus Virginicus_ and _Europæus_, var. _sinuatus_ (bugle-weed); _Scutellaria galericulata_ (skullcap); _Solidago lanceolata_ and _squarrosa_, East Branch, (goldenrod); _Diplopappus umbellatus_ (double-bristled aster); _Aster Radula_; _Cicuta maculata_ and _bulbifera_ (water hemlock); meadow-sweet; _Lysimachia stricta_ and _ciliata_ (loosestrife); _Galium trifidum_ (small bed-straw); _Lilium Canadense_ (wild yellow lily); _Platanthera peramœna_ and _psycodes_ (great purple orchis and small purple fringed orchis); _Mimulus ringens_ (monkey-flower); dock (water); blue flag; _Hydrocotyle Americana_ (marsh pennywort); _Sanicula Canadensis_ (_?_) (black snake-root); _Clematis Virginiana_ (_?_) (common virgin’s-bower); _Nasturtium palustre_ (marsh cress); _Ranunculus recurvatus_ (hooked crow-foot); _Asclepias incarnata_ (swamp milkweed); _Aster Tradescanti_ (Tradescant’s aster); _Aster miser_, also _longifolius_; _Eupatorium purpureum_, apparently, lake shores, (Joe-Pye-weed); _Apocynum Cannabinum_, East Branch, (Indian hemp); _Polygonum cilinode_ (bindweed); and others. Not to mention, among inferior orders, wool-grass and the sensitive fern.

In the water, _Nuphar advena_ (yellow pond-lily), some _potamogetons_ (pond-weed), _Sagittaria variabilis_ (arrowhead), _Sium lineare_ (_?_) (water-parsnip).

Of these, those conspicuously in flower the last of July, 1857, were: rue, _Solidago lanceolata_ and _squarrosa_, _Diplopappus umbellatus_, _Aster Radula_, _Lilium Canadense_, great and small purple orchis, _Mimulus ringens_, blue flag, virgin’s-bower, etc.

The characteristic flowers in _swamps_ were: _Rubus triflorus_ (dwarf raspberry); _Calla palustris_ (water-arum); and _Sarracenia purpurea_ (pitcher-plant). On _burnt grounds_: _Epilobium angustifolium_, in full bloom, (great willow-herb); and _Erechthites hieracifolia_ (fire-weed). On _cliffs_: _Campanula rotundifolia_ (harebell); _Cornus Canadensis_ (dwarf cornel); _Arctostaphylos Uva-Ursi_ (bear-berry); _Potentilla tridentata_ (mountain cinquefoil); _Pteris aquilina_ (common brake). At _old camps, carries, and logging-paths_: _Cirsium arvense_ (Canada thistle); _Prunella vulgaris_ (common self-heal); clover; herd’s-grass; _Achillea millefolium_ (common yarrow); _Leucanthemum vulgare_ (whiteweed); _Aster macrophyllus_; _Halenia deflexa_, East Branch, (spurred gentian); _Antennaria margaritacea_ (pearly everlasting); _Actæa rubra_ and _alba_, wet carries, (red and white cohosh); _Desmodium Canadense_ (tick-trefoil); sorrel.

The handsomest and most interesting flowers were the great purple orchises, rising ever and anon, with their great purple spikes perfectly erect, amid the shrubs and grasses of the shore. It seemed strange that they should be made to grow there in such profusion, seen of moose and moose-hunters only, while they are so rare in Concord. I have never seen this species flowering nearly so late with us, or with the small one.

The prevailing underwoods were: _Dirca palustris_ (moose-wood), _Acer spicatum_ (mountain maple), _Virburnum lantanoides_ (hobble-bush), and frequently _Taxus baccata_, var. _Canadensis_ (American yew).

The prevailing shrubs and small trees along the shore were: _osier rouge_ and alders (before mentioned); sallows, or small willows, of two or three kinds, as _Salis humilis_, _rostrata_, and _discolor_ (_?_); _Sambucus Canadensis_ (black elder); rose; _Viburnum Opulus_ and _nudum_ (cranberry-tree and withe-rod); _Pyrus Americana_ (American mountain-ash); _Corylus rostrata_ (beaked hazelnut); _Diervilla trifida_ (bush honeysuckle); _Prunus Virginiana_ (choke-cherry); _Myrica gale_ (sweet-gale); _Nemopanthes Canadensis_ (mountain holly); _Cephalanthus occidentalis_ (button-bush); _Ribes prostratum_, in some places, (fetid currant).

More particularly of shrubs and small trees in _swamps_: some willows, _Kalmia glauca_ (pale laurel), _Ledum latifolium_ and _palustre_ (Labrador tea), _Ribes lacustre_ (swamp gooseberry), and in one place _Betula pumila_ (low birch). At _camps and carries_: raspberry, _Vaccinium Canadense_ (Canada blueberry), _Prunus Pennsylvanica_ (also alongshore) (wild red cherry), _Amelanchier Canadensis_ (shad-bush), _Sambucus pubens_ (red-berried elder). Among those peculiar to the _mountains_ would be the _Vaccinium Vitis-Idæa_ (cow-berry).

Of plants commonly regarded as _introduced_ from Europe, I observed at Ansel Smith’s clearing, Chesuncook, abundant in 1857: _Ranunculus acris_ (buttercups); _Plantago major_ (common plantain); _Chenopodium album_ (lamb’s-quarters); _Capsella Bursa-pastoris_, 1853, (shepherd’s-purse); _Spergula arvensis_, also north shore of Moosehead in 1853, and elsewhere, 1857, (corn-spurry); _Taraxacum Dens-leonis_--regarded as indigenous by Gray, but evidently introduced there--(common dandelion); _Polygonum Persicaria_ and _hydropiper_, by a logging-path in woods at Smith’s, (lady’s-thumb and smart-weed); _Rumex Acetosella_, common at carries, (sheep sorrel); _Trifolium pratense_, 1853, on carries, frequent, (red clover); _Leucanthemum vulgare_, carries, (whiteweed); _Phleum pratense_, carries, 1853 and 1857, (herd’s-grass); _Verbena hastata_ (blue vervain); _Cirsium arvense_, abundant at camps, 1857, (Canada thistle); _Rumex crispus_ (_?_), West Branch, 1853 (?), (curled dock); _Verbascum Thapsus_, between Bangor and lake, 1853, (common mullein).

It appears that I saw about a dozen plants which had accompanied man as far into the woods as Chesuncook, and had naturalized themselves there, in 1853. Plants begin thus early to spring by the side of a logging-path,--a mere vista through the woods, which can only be used in the winter, on account of the stumps and fallen trees,--which at length are the roadside plants in old settlements. The pioneers of such are planted in part by the first cattle, which cannot be summered in the woods.

III. LIST OF PLANTS

The following is a list of the plants which I noticed in the Maine woods, in the years 1853 and 1857. (Those marked * not in woods.)

1. THOSE WHICH ATTAINED THE HEIGHT OF TREES

_Alnus incana_ (speckled or hoary alder), abundant along streams, etc.

_Thuja occidentalis_ (American arbor-vitæ), one of the prevailing.

_Fraxinus sambucifolia_ (black ash), very common, especially near dead water. The Indian spoke of “yellow ash” as also found there.

_Populus tremuloides_ (American aspen), very common, especially on burnt lands, almost as white as birches.

_Populus grandidentata_ (large-toothed aspen), perhaps two or three.

_Fagus ferruginea_ (American beech), not uncommon, at least on the West Branch. (Saw more in 1846.)

_Betula papyracea_ (canoe birch), prevailing everywhere and about Bangor.

_Betula excelsa_ (yellow birch), very common.

_Betula lenta_ (black birch), on the West Branch in 1853.

_Betula alba_ (American white birch), about Bangor only.

_Ulmus Americana_ (American or white elm), West Branch and low down the East Branch, _i. e._ on the lower and alluvial part of the river, very common.

_Larix Americana_ (American or black larch), very common on the Umbazookskus; some elsewhere.

_Abies Canadensis_ (hemlock spruce); not abundant; some on the West Branch, and a little everywhere.

_Acer saccharinum_ (sugar maple), very common.

_Acer rubrum_ (red or swamp maple), very common.

_Acer dasycarpum_ (white or silver maple), a little low on East Branch and in Chesuncook woods.

_Quercus rubra_ (red oak), one on an island in Grand Lake, East Branch, and, according to a settler, a few on the east side of Chesuncook Lake; a few also about Bangor in 1853.

_Pinus Strobus_ (white pine), scattered along, most abundant at Heron Lake.

_Pinus resinosa_ (red pine), Telos and Grand Lake, a little afterwards here and there.

_Abies balsamea_ (balsam fir), perhaps the most common tree, especially in the upper parts of rivers.

_Abies nigra_ (black or double spruce), next to the last the most common, if not equally common, and on mountains.

_Abies alba_ (white or single spruce), common with the last along the rivers.

_Pinus Banksiana_ (gray or Northern scrub pine), a few on an island in Grand Lake.

Twenty-three in all (23).

2. SMALL TREES AND SHRUBS

_Prunus depressa_ (dwarf cherry), on gravel-bars, East Branch, near Hunt’s, with green fruit; obviously distinct from the _pumila_ of river and meadows.

_Vaccinium corymbosum_ (common swamp blueberry), Bucksport.

_Vaccinium Canadense_ (Canada blueberry), carries and rocky hills everywhere as far south as Bucksport.

_Vaccinium Pennsylvanicum_ (dwarf-blueberry?), Whetstone Falls.

_Betula pumila_ (low birch), Mud Pond Swamp.

_Prinos verticillatus_ (black alder), 1857, now placed with _Ilex_ by Gray, 2d ed.

_Cephalanthus occidentalis_ (button-bush).

_Prunus Pennsylvanica_ (wild red cherry), very common at camps, carries, etc., along rivers; fruit ripe August 1, 1857.

_Prunus Virginiana_ (choke-cherry), riverside, common.

_Cornus alternifolia_ (alternate-leaved cornel), West Branch, 1853.

_Ribes prostratum_ (fetid currant), common along streams; on Webster Stream.

_Sambucus Canadensis_ (common elder), common along riversides.

_Sambucus pubens_ (red-berried elder), not quite so common; roadsides toward Moosehead, and on carries afterward; fruit beautiful.

_Ribes lacustre_ (swamp-gooseberry), swamps, common; Mud Pond Swamp and Webster Stream; not ripe July 29, 1857.

_Corylus rostrata_ (beaked hazelnut), common.

_Taxus baccata_, var. _Canadensis_ (American yew), a common undershrub at an island in West Branch and Chesuncook woods.

_Viburnum lantanoides_ (hobble-bush), common, especially in Chesuncook woods; fruit ripe in September, 1853, not in July, 1857.

_Viburnum Opulus_ (cranberry-tree), on West Branch; one in flower still, July 25, 1857.

_Viburnum nudum_ (withe-rod), common along rivers.

_Kalmia glauca_ (pale laurel), swamps, common, as at Moosehead Carry and Chamberlain Swamp.

_Kalmia angustifolia_ (lambkill), with _Kalmia glauca_.

_Acer spicatum_ (mountain maple), a prevailing underwood.

_Acer striatum_ (striped maple), in fruit July 30, 1857; green the first year; green, striped with white, the second; darker, the third, with dark blotches.

_Cornus stolonifera_ (red-osier dogwood), prevailing shrub on shore of West Branch; fruit still white in August, 1857.

_Pyrus Americana_ (American mountain-ash), common along shores.

_Amelanchier Canadensis_ (shad-bush), rocky carries, etc., considerable fruit in 1857.

_Rubus strigosus_ (wild red raspberry), very abundant, burnt grounds, camps, and carries, but not ripe till we got to Chamberlain dam and on East Branch.

_Rosa Carolina_ (swamp rose), common on the shores of lakes, etc.

_Rhus typhina_* (staghorn sumach).

_Myrica Gale_ (sweet-gale), common.

_Nemopanthes Canadensis_ (mountain holly), common in low ground, Moosehead Carry, and on Mount Kineo.

_Cratægus_ (_coccinea_? scarlet-fruited thorn), not uncommon; with hard fruit in September, 1853.

_Salix_ (near to _petiolaris_, petioled willow), very common in Umbazookskus meadows.

_Salix rostrata_ (long-beaked willow), common.

_Salix humilis_ (low bush willow), common.

_Salix discolor_ (glaucous willow) (?).

_Salix lucida_ (shining willow), at island in Heron Lake.

_Dirca palustris_ (moose-wood), common.

In all, 38.

3. SMALL SHRUBS AND HERBACEOUS PLANTS

_Agrimonia Eupatoria_ (common agrimony), not uncommon.

_Circæa alpina_ (enchanter’s nightshade), very common in woods.

_Nasturtium palustre_ (marsh cress), var. _hispidum_, common, as at A. Smith’s.

_Aralia hispida_ (bristly sarsaparilla), on West Branch, both years.

_Aralia nudicaulis_ (wild sarsaparilla), Chesuncook woods.

_Sagittaria variabilis_ (arrowhead), common at Moosehead and afterward.

_Arum triphyllum_ (Indian turnip), now _arisæma_, Moosehead Carry in 1853.

_Asclepias incarnata_ (swamp milkweed), Umbazookskus River and after; redder than ours, and a different variety from our var. _pulchra_.

_Aster acuminatus_ (pointed-leaved aster), the prevailing aster in woods, not long open on South Branch, July 31; two or more feet high.

_Aster macrophyllus_ (large-leaved aster), common, and the whole plant surprisingly fragrant, like a medicinal herb; just out at Telos Dam, July 29, 1857, and after to Bangor and Bucksport; bluish flower (in woods on Pine Stream and at Chesuncook in 1853).

_Aster Radula_ (rough-leaved aster), common, Moosehead Carry and after.

_Aster miser_ (petty aster), in 1853 on West Branch, and common on Chesuncook shore.

_Aster longifolius_ (willow-leaved blue aster), 1853, Moosehead and Chesuncook shores.

_Aster cordifolius_ (heart-leaved aster), 1853, West Branch.

_Aster Tradescanti_ (Tradescant’s aster), 1857. A narrow-leaved one, Chesuncook shore, 1853.

_Aster_, _longifolius_-like, with small flowers, West Branch, 1853.

_Aster puniceus_ (rough-stemmed aster), Pine Stream.

_Diplopappus umbellatus_ (large diplopappus aster), common along river.

_Arctostaphylos Uva-Ursi_ (bear-berry), Kineo, etc., 1857.

_Polygonum cilinode_ (fringe-jointed false-buckwheat), common.

_Bidens cernua_ (bur-marigold), 1853, West Branch.

_Ranunculus acris_ (buttercups), abundant at Smith’s dam, Chesuncook, 1853.

_Rubus triflorus_ (dwarf raspberry), low grounds and swamps, common.

_Utricularia vulgaris_* (greater bladderwort), Pushaw.

_Iris versicolor_ (larger blue flag), common, Moosehead, West Branch, Umbazookskus, etc.

_Sparganium_ (bur-reed).

_Calla palustris_ (water-arum), in bloom July 27, 1857, Mud Pond Swamp.

_Lobelia cardinalis_ (cardinal-flower), apparently common, but out of bloom August, 1857.

_Cerastium nutans_ (clammy wild chickweed) (?).

_Gaultheria procumbens_ (checkerberry), prevailing everywhere in woods along banks of rivers.

_Stellaria media_* (common chickweed), Bangor.

_Chiogenes hispidula_ (creeping snowberry), very common in woods.

_Cicuta maculata_ (water hemlock).

_Cicuta bulbifera_ (bulb-bearing water hemlock), Penobscot and Chesuncook shore, 1853.

_Galium trifidum_ (small bed-straw), common.

_Galium Aparine_ (cleavers) (?), Chesuncook, 1853.

_Galium_, one kind on Pine Stream, 1853.

_Trifolium pratense_ (red clover), on carries, etc.

_Actæa spicata_, var. _alba_ (white cohosh), Chesuncook woods, 1853, and East Branch, 1857.

_Actæa_, var. _rubra_ (red cohosh), East Branch, 1857.

_Vaccinium Vitis-Idæa_ (cow-berry), Ktaadn, very abundant.

_Cornus Canadensis_ (dwarf cornel), in woods Chesuncook, 1853; just ripe at Kineo, July 24, 1857, common; still in bloom, Moosehead Carry, September 16, 1853.

_Medeola Virginica_ (Indian cucumber-root), West Branch and Chesuncook woods.

_Dalibarda repens_ (dalibarda), Moosehead Carry and after, common. In flower still, August 1, 1857.

_Taraxacum Dens-leonis_ (common dandelion), Smith’s, 1853; only there. Is it not foreign?

_Diervilla trifida_ (bush honeysuckle), very common.

_Rumex Hydrolapathum_ (_?_) (great water dock), in 1857; noticed it was large-seeded in 1853; common.

_Rumex crispus_ (_?_) (curled dock), West Branch, 1853.

_Apocynum cannabinum_ (Indian hemp), Kineo (Bradford) and East Branch, 1857, at Whetstone Falls.

_Apocynum androsæmifolium_ (spreading dogbane), Kineo (Bradford).

_Clintonia borealis_ (clintonia), all over woods; fruit just ripening, July 25, 1857.

A _Lemna_ (duckweed), Pushaw, 1857.

_Elodea Virginica_ (marsh St. John’s-wort), Moosehead, 1853.

_Epilobium angustifolium_ (great willow-herb), great fields on burnt lands; some white at Webster Stream.

_Epilobium coloratum_ (purple-veined willow-herb), once in 1857.

_Eupatorium purpureum_ (Joe-Pye-weed), Heron, Moosehead, and Chesuncook lake shores, common.

_Allium_ (onion), a new kind to me in bloom, without bulbs above, on rocks near Whetstone Falls (?), East Branch.

_Halenia deflexa_ (spurred gentian), carries on East Branch, common.

_Geranium Robertianum_ (herb-robert).

_Solidago lanceolata_ (bushy goldenrod), very common.

_Solidago_, one of the three-ribbed, in both years.

_Solidago thyrsoidea_ (large mountain goldenrod), one on Webster Stream.

_Solidago squarrosa_ (large-spiked goldenrod), the most common on East Branch.

_Solidago altissima_ (rough hairy goldenrod), not uncommon both years.

_Coptis trifolia_ (three-leaved gold-thread).

_Smilax herbacea_ (carrion-flower), not uncommon both years.

_Spiræa tomentosa_* (hardhack), Bangor.

_Campanula rotundifolia_ (harebell), cliffs, Kineo, Grand Lake, etc.

_Hieracium_ (hawkweed), not uncommon.

_Veratrum viride_ (American white hellebore).

_Lycopus Virginicus_ (bugle-weed), 1857.

_Lycopus Europæus_ (water horehound), var. _sinuatus_, Heron Lake shore.

_Chenopodium album_ (lamb’s-quarters), Smith’s.

_Mentha Canadensis_ (wild mint), very common.

_Galeopsis tetrahit_ (common hemp-nettle), Olamon Isle, abundant, and below, in prime, August 3, 1857.

_Houstonia cærulea_ (bluets), now _Oldenlandia_ (Gray, 2d ed.), 1857.

_Hydrocotyle Americana_ (marsh pennywort), common.

_Hypericum ellipticum_ (elliptical-leaved St. John’s-wort), common.

_Hypericum mutilum_ (small St. John’s-wort), both years, common.

_Hypericum Canadense_ (Canadian St. John’s-wort), Moosehead Lake and Chesuncook shores, 1853.

_Trientalis Americana_ (star-flower), Pine Stream, 1853.

_Lobelia inflata_ (Indian tobacco).

_Spiranthes cernua_ (ladies’-tresses), Kineo and after.

_Nabalus_ (rattlesnake-root), 1857; _altissimus_ (tall white lettuce), Chesuncook woods, 1853.

_Antennaria margaritacea_ (pearly everlasting), common, Moosehead, Smith’s, etc.

_Lilium Canadense_ (wild yellow lily), very common and large, West and East Branch; one on East Branch, 1857, with strongly revolute petals, and leaves perfectly smooth beneath, but not larger than the last, and apparently only a variety.

_Linnæa borealis_ (linnæa), almost everywhere in woods.

_Lobelia Dortmanna_ (water lobelia), pond in Bucksport.

_Lysimachia ciliata_ (hairy-stalked loosestrife), very common, Chesuncook shore and East Branch.

_Lysimachia stricta_ (upright loosestrife), very common.

_Microstylis ophioglossoides_ (adder’s-mouth), Kineo.

_Spiræa salicifolia_ (common meadow-sweet), common.

_Mimulus ringens_ (monkey-flower), common, lake-shores, etc.

_Scutellaria galericulata_ (skullcap), very common.

_Scutellaria lateriflora_ (mad-dog skullcap), Heron Lake, 1857; Chesuncook, 1853.

_Platanthera psycodes_ (small purple fringed orchis), very common, East Branch and Chesuncook, 1853.

_Platanthera fimbriata_ (large purple fringed orchis), very common, West Branch and Umbazookskus, 1857.

_Platanthera orbiculata_ (large round-leaved orchis), very common in woods, Moosehead and Chamberlain carries, Caucomgomoc, etc.

_Amphicarpæa monoica_ (hog peanut).

_Aralia racemosa_ (spikenard), common, Moosehead Carry, Telos Lake, etc., and after; out about August 1, 1857.

_Plantago major_ (common plantain), common in open land at Smith’s in 1853.

_Pontederia cordata_* (pickerel-weed), only near Oldtown, 1857.

_Potamogeton_ (pondweed), not common.

_Potentilla tridentata_ (mountain cinquefoil), Kineo.

_Potentilla Norvegica_ (cinquefoil), Heron Lake shore and Smith’s.

_Polygonum amphibium_ (water persicaria), var. _aquaticum_ Second Lake.

_Polygonum Persicaria_ (lady’s-thumb), log-path, Chesuncook, 1853.

_Nuphar advena_ (yellow pond-lily), not abundant.

_Nymphæa odorata_ (sweet water-lily), a few in West Branch, 1853.

_Polygonum Hydropiper_ (smart-weed), log-path, Chesuncook.

_Pyrola secunda_ (one-sided pyrola), very common, Caucomgomoc.

_Pyrola elliptica_ (shin-leaf), Caucomgomoc River.

_Ranunculus Flammula_ (spearwort, var. _reptans_).

_Ranunculus recurvatus_ (hooked crowfoot), Umbazookskus landing, &c.

_Typha latifolia_* (common cat-tail or reed-mace), extremely abundant between Bangor and Portland.

_Sanicula Marylandica_ (black snake-root), Moosehead Carry and after.

_Aralia nudicaulis_ (wild sarsaparilla).

_Capsella Bursa-pastoris_ (shepherd’s-purse), Smith’s, 1853.

_Prunella vulgaris_ (self-heal), very common everywhere.

_Erechthites hieracifolia_ (fire-weed), 1857, and Smith’s open land, 1853.

_Sarracenia purpurea_ (pitcher-plant), Mud Pond Swamp.

_Smilacina bifolia_ (false Solomon’s-seal), 1857, and Chesuncook woods, 1853.

_Smilacina racemosa_ (false spikenard) (?), Umbazookskus Carry, July 27, 1853.

_Veronica scutellata_ (marsh speedwell).

_Spergula arvensis_ (corn-spurry), 1857, not uncommon, 1853, Moosehead and Smith’s.

_Fragaria_ (strawberry), 1853, Smith’s; 1857, Bucksport.

_Thalictrum Cornuti_ (meadow-rue), very common, especially along rivers, tall, and conspicuously in bloom in July, 1857.

_Cirsium arvense_ (Canada thistle), abundant at camps and highway-sides in the north of Maine.

_Cirsium muticum_ (swamp thistle), well in bloom, Webster Stream, August 31.

_Rumex acetosella_ (sheep sorrel), common by river and log-paths, as Chesuncook log-path.

_Impatiens fulva_ (spotted touch-me-not).

_Trillium erythrocarpum_ (painted trillium), common West Branch and Moosehead Carry.

_Verbena hastata_ (blue vervain).

_Clematis Virginiana_ (common virgin’s-bower), common on river-banks; feathered in September, 1853; in bloom July, 1857.

_Leucanthemum vulgare_ (whiteweed).

_Sium lineare_ (water-parsnip), 1857, and Chesuncook shore 1853.

_Achillea millefolium_ (common yarrow), by river and log-paths, and Smith’s.

_Desmodium Canadense_ (Canadian tick-trefoil), not uncommon.

_Oxalis Acetosella_ (common wood-sorrel), still out July 25 1853, at Moosehead Carry and after.

_Oxalis stricta_ (yellow wood-sorrel), 1853, at Smith’s and his wood-path.

_Liparis liliifolia_ (tway-blade), Kineo (Bradford).

_Uvularia grandiflora_ (large-flowered bellwort), woods, common.

_Uvularia sessilifolia_ (sessile-leaved bellwort), Chesuncook woods, 1853.

In all, 145.

4. OF LOWER ORDER

_Scirpus Eriophorum_ (wool-grass), very common, especially on low islands. A coarse grass, four or five feet high, along the river.

_Phleum pratense_ (herd’s-grass), on carries, at camps and clearings.

_Equisetum sylvaticum_ (sylvatic horse-tail).

_Pteris aquilina_ (brake), Kineo and after.

_Onoclea sensibilis_ (sensitive fern), very common along the riversides; some on the gravelly shore of Heron Lake Island.

_Polypodium Dryopteris_ (brittle polypody).

_Woodsia Ilvensis_ (rusty woodsia), Kineo.

_Lycopodium lucidulum_ (toothed club-moss).

_Usnea_ (a parmeliaceous lichen), common on various trees.

IV. LIST OF BIRDS

WHICH I SAW IN MAINE BETWEEN JULY 24 AND AUGUST 3, 1857

A very small hawk at Great Falls, on Webster Stream.

_Haliæetus leucocephalus_ (white-headed or bald eagle), at Ragmuff, and above and below Hunt’s, and on pond below Mattawamkeag.

_Pandion haliaëtus_ (fish hawk or osprey), heard, also seen on East Branch.

_Bubo Virginianus_ (cat owl), near Camp Island, also above mouth of Schoonis, from a stump back and forth, also near Hunt’s on a tree.

_Icterus phœniceus_ (red-winged blackbird), Umbazookskus River.

_Corvus Americanus_ (American crow), a few, as at outlet of Grand Lake; a peculiar cawing.

_Fringilla Canadensis_ (tree sparrow), think I saw one on Mount Kineo, July 24, which behaved as if it had a nest there.

_Garrulus cristatus_ (blue jay).

_Parus atricapillus_ (chickadee), a few.

_Muscicapa tyrannus_ (kingbird).

_Muscicapa Cooperii_ (olive-sided flycatcher), everywhere a prevailing bird.

_Muscicapa virens_ (wood pewee), Moosehead, and I think beyond.

_Muscicapa acadica_ (small pewee), common.

_Muscicapa ruticilla_ (American redstart), Moosehead.

_Vireo olivaceus_ (red-eyed vireo), everywhere common.

_Turdus migratorius_ (red-breasted robin), some everywhere.