Part 20

[301] _Journal of American Folk-Lore_, No. xviii. 1892.

[302] _The Washington Post_, November 27, 1894.

[303] William Henderson, _Notes on the Folk-Lore of the Northern Countries of England_.

[304] _Journal of American Folk-Lore_, No. 19. 1892.

[305] Keightley’s _Fairy Mythology_.

[306] Giuseppe Pitré, _Usi e costumi, credenze e pregiudizi del popolo Siciliano_, vol. iii. p. 426. Palermo, 1889.

[307] _Leechdoms, Wortcunning, and Starcraft_, edited by Rev. Oswald Cockayne. London, 1865.

[308] Rev. Charles Rogers, LL. D., _Scotland, Social and Domestic_.

[309] _Journal of American Folk-Lore_, No. 13. 1891.

[310] James M. Campbell, _Notes on the Spirit-Basis of Belief and Custom_.

[311] Lady Wilde, _Ancient Legends, Mystic Charms, and Superstitions of Ireland_.

[312] _Revue des traditions populaires_, tome vi. p. 43. 1891.

[313] _Zeitschrift für deutsche Mythologie und Sittenkunde_, Band iv.

[314] _Sitzungberichte der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften._

[315] Abraham Fornander, _An Account of the Polynesian Race_, vol. i.

[316] _Aus dem Volksleben der Magyaren_, p. 111.

[317] William Elliot Griffis, A. M., _The Mikado’s Empire_.

[318] Rogers, vol. iii. p. 288.

[319] Henderson, p. 217.

[320] Burkhardt’s _Nubia_.

[321] M. J. Schleiden, _Das Salz_.

[322] Waldron’s _History_.

[323] Pitré.

[324] M. J. Schleiden, _Das Salz_, p. 71.

[325] _The Leisure Hour_, vol. xliii. p. 805. 1894.

[326] _The Book of Ser Marco Polo._ London, 1874.

[327] Lieutenant-Colonel N. Prejevalsky, _Mongolia_, vol. i. p. 122.

[328] J. J. Manley, M. A., _Salt and Other Condiments_.

[329] J. J. Manley, p. 13.

[330] _Nares’ Glossary_, vol. ii. p. 763.

[331] _Cosmopolitan_, vol. xx. p. 94. 1894.

[332] _Contemporary Review_, vol. xxxi.

[333] R. H. Busk, _Roman Legends_.

[334] Schleiden, p. 73.

[335] M. Dacier, _The Life of Pythagoras_, p. 60. London, 1707.

[336] Feu M. Jean François Buddeus, _Traité de l’athéisme et de la superstition_.

[337] Thomas Wright, _A History of Domestic Manners in England during the Middle Ages_.

[338] Richard Boyle. 1612.

[339] Chambers’s _Book of Days_.

[340] Emily S. Holt, _Ye Olden Time_, p. 130.

[341] Fosbroke, _Encyclopædia of Antiquities_.

[342] _Leges Curiales Regis Canuti; apud Bartholin_, p. 583; J. S. Forsyth, _The Antiquary’s Portfolio_. London, 1825.

[343] Elizabeth Hodges, _Some Ancient English Homes_.

[344] Rogers, vol. i. p. 233.

[345] P. H. Ditchfield, M. A., F. S. A., _Old English Customs_. 1896.

[346] Martin Schoock, _De Sternutatione Tractatus Copiosus_. Amsterdam, 1664.

[347] Joh. Gerhardus Menschen, _Disquisitio Philologica de Ritu Salutandi Sternutantes_. Kiloni, 1704.

[348] John Potter, D. D., _Antiquities of Greece_.

[349] Francis Rous, _Archæologiæ Atticæ_. London, 1685.

[350] _Encyclopédie méthodique._ Paris, 1788.

[351] U. S. _Literary Gazette_, vol. iv. 1826.

[352] Eustace Neville Rolfe, B. A., _Pompeii, Popular and Practical_. London, 1888.

[353] Gerald Massey, _The Natural Genesis_, vol. i. pp. 83-85.

[354] Henderson, p. 128.

[355] _Mélusine_, vol. iv. 1888-89.

[356] William Jones, _Credulities_.

[357] John Beaumont, Gent., _A Treatise of Spirits_. London, 1705.

[358] _Twelfth Annual Report of the Thirteen Club of New York_, January, 1894. The writer has also consulted the original manuscript.

[359] Grimm’s _Teutonic Mythology_.

[360] A. Featherman, _The Social History of the Races of Mankind_.

[361] R. H. Codrington, D. D., _The Melanesians_.

[362] _Notes and Queries_, 1st series, vol. xii.

[363] Rev. Charles Rogers, LL. D., F. S. A., _Scotland, Social and Domestic_.

[364] Alexandre Desrousseaux, _Mœurs populaires de la Flandre française_.

[365] _Gentleman’s Magazine_, vol. 252, p. 237. January, 1882.

[366] Wuttke, p. 243.

[367] _Philadelphia Inquirer_, February 24, 1898.

[368] Eugene Schuyler, _Turkistan_, p. 29.

[369] Griffis, _Japan_, p. 187.

[370] _Journal of American Folk-Lore_, vol. x. p. 272. 1897.

[371] Henderson, p. 206.

[372] Vol. 73, pp. 41, 42. 1896.

[373] _Cornhill Magazine_, vol. 76.

[374] Lecture by Dr. D. G. Brinton, at the Lowell Institute, Boston, Mass., November 9, 1896.

[375] Elijah M. Haines, _The American Indian_, p. 416.

[376] D. G. Brinton, _Myths of the New World_, p. 307.

[377] Andree, _Ethnographische Parallelen_, p. 177.

[378] Herbert Spencer, _Principles of Sociology_, vol. iii. p. 186.

[379] Rev. William Wyatt Gill, B. A., _Myths and Songs from the South Pacific_.

[380] L. Maria Child, _The Progress of Religious Ideas_, vol. i. p. 276.

[381] Schuyler, _Turkistan_, p. 29.

[382] Isabella L. Bishop, _Among the Tibetans_, p. 104.

[383] Rev. J. A. Graham, M. A., _On the Threshold of Three Closed Lands_, p. 76.

[384] G. Maspero, _The Dawn of Civilization_. 1894.

[385] Professor E. P. Evans, _Popular Science Monthly_, November, 1895.

[386] W. Crooke, B. A., _Popular Religion and Folk-Lore of Northern India_.

[387] S. Baring Gould, _Legends of the Patriarchs and Prophets_.

[388] _The Catholic World_, vol. iii. 1866.

[389] Brand’s _Popular Antiquities of Great Britain_.

[390] _Encyclopædia of Arts and Sciences._ Philadelphia, 1798.

[391] Pedro Mexio, _The Treasurie of Auncient and Moderne Times_. 1613.

[392] _Legends of Iceland_, collected by Jón Arnason, 2d series, p. 646.

[393] Edward B. Tylor, _Primitive Culture_.

[394] _Temple Bar_, vol. 43. 1875.

[395] _Dictionnaire des sciences occultes._

[396] William S. Walsh, _Handy-Book of Literary Curiosities_.

[397] Edward William Lane, _The Modern Egyptians_.

[398] James Owen Dorsey, “A Study of Siouan Cults,” _Eleventh Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology_, Washington, D. C.

[399] Lady Wilde’s _Ancient Cures, Charms, and Usages of Ireland_.

[400] M. l’Abbé Bertram, _Dictionnaire de toutes les religions_.

[401] _Cornhill Magazine_, vol. 76.

[402] Brand, vol. i. p. 361.

[403] C. F. Gordon-Cumming, _At Home in Fiji_, p. 105.

[404] E. Henry Carnay, _Litterature orale de la Picardie_. Paris, 1883.

[405] Ernst Meier, _Deutsche Sagen, Sitten und Gebräuche aus Schwaben_. Stuttgart, 1852.

[406] François Lenormant, _Chaldean Magic_.

[407] Adolf Erman, _Life in Ancient Egypt_, p. 351.

[408] F. Chabas, _Le calendrier des jours fastes et néfastes et de l’année egyptienne_, p. 124.

[409] M. Court de Gebelin, _Monde primitif_, vol. iv. Paris, 1776.

[410] Jean Baptiste Thiers, _Traité des superstitions_. Paris, 1679.

[411] _Historia litteraria_, vol. ii. London, 1731.

[412] Monsieur Danet, _A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities_. London, 1700.

[413] Chabas, p. 124.

[414] Rev. Edward Cockayne, M. A., _Leechdoms, Wortcunning, and Starcraft of Early England_.

[415] Brand’s _Popular Antiquities_.

[416] Dr. C. Edward Sachan, _The Chronology of Ancient Nations_. London, 1879.

[417] Israel Abrahams, M. A., _Jewish Life in the Middle Ages_, p. 184.

[418] Bowring, _Siam_, vol. i. p. 158.

[419] Mallet’s _Northern Antiquities_.

[420] Mallet, p. 426.

[421] Clifford Howard, _Sex Worship_, p. 119.

[422] Mélusine, tome iv. 1888-89.

[423] Cockayne, vol. iii. p. 163.

[424] “Popular Superstitions,” _Gentleman’s Magazine Library_, vol. i.

[425] William Jones, _Credulities Past and Present_.

[426] T. F. Thiselton Dyer, _British Popular Customs_.

[427] Isaac Disraeli, _Curiosities of Literature_, vol. i. p. 280.

[428] Sir William Muir, K. C. S. I., _The Life of Mahomet_.

[429] John J. Pool, _Studies in Mohammedanism_, p. 103.

[430] M. l’Abbé Bertrand, _Dictionnaire universel de toutes les religions_.

[431] Thomas Patrick Hughes, B. D., M. R. A. S., _A Dictionary of Islam_.

[432] S. S. Thorburn, _Bannú_.

[433] Israel Abrahams, M. A., _Jewish Life in the Middle Ages_, p. 186.

[434] Gerald Massey, _The Natural Genesis_, vol. ii. p. 298.

[435] Moritz Busch, _Deutscher Volksglaube_.

[436] Rogers, vol. iii. p. 278.

[437] Lady Wilde, _Ancient Legends, Mystic Charms, and Superstitions of Ireland_, p. 136.

[438] Lady Wilde, _Ancient Cures, Charms, and Usages of Ireland_.

[439] P. G. Heims, _Seespuk_, p. 135.

[440] Wilhelm Kolbe, _Hessische Volks-Sitten und Gebräuche_.

[441] _Shropshire Folk-Lore_, p. 260.

[442] “Wily Beguiled,” Hawkins’s _English Drama_, vol. iii. p. 356.

[443] Dr. Adolf Wuttke, _Der deutsche Volksaberglaube_. Berlin, 1869.

[444] E. L. Rochholz, _Alt-deutsches Bürgerleben_, pp. 52, 53.

[445] Wlislocki, _Aus dem Volksleben der Magyaren_, p. 68.

[446] _Zeitschrift des Vereins für Volkskunde_, vol. iv. p. 307. 1894.

[447] Giuseppe Pitré, _Usi e costumi, credenze e pregiudizi del popolo Siciliano_. 1889.

[448] M. Jean-François Bladé, _Contes populaires de la Gascogne_. Paris, 1886.

[449] M. l’Abbé Migne, _Dictionnaire des superstitions populaires_.

[450] Giuseppe Pitré, _Il venerdi nelle tradizioni popolari italiane_.

[451] Busch, _op. cit._

[452] _A World of Wonders_, edited by Albany Poyntz.

[453] _Zeitschrift für deutsche Mythologie_, iv. 147.

[454] _Boston Herald_, May 1, 1898.

[455] W. R. S. Ralston, M. A., _Russian Folk-Tales_.

[456] Larousse, _Grand dictionnaire universel_.

[457] M. D. Conway, _Demonology and Devil-Lore_.

[458] Fr. Noel, _Dictionnaire de la fable_.

[459] Danet’s _Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities_. London, 1700.

[460] Andrew Lang, _Custom and Myth_.

[461] Ermete Pierotti, _Customs and Traditions of Palestine_.

[462] _Journal of American Folk-Lore_, vol. x. No. 39, p. 274. 1897.

[463] Leland’s _Gypsy Sorcery_.

[464] Brewer’s _Dictionary of Miracles_.

[465] Rev. Walter Gregor, M. A., _Notes on the Folk-Lore of the Northeast of Scotland_.

[466] Hulme, _Natural History Lore and Legend_, p. 241.

[467] Thorpe, ii. p. 84.

[468] Schuyler, _Turkestan_, p. 30.

[469] Edward Jewitt Robinson, _Tales and Poems of South India_, p. 378.

[470] E. Rolland, _Faune populaire de la France_. Paris, 1877.

[471] Wuttke, p. 118.

[472] Wuttke, p. 276.

[473] Dr. Joseph Virgil Grohmann, _Aberglauben und Gebräuche aus Böhmen und Mähren_, p. 232.

[474] _Encyclopédie theologique_, tome, “Sciences occultes.”

[475] John Thrupp, _The Anglo-Saxon Home_. London, 1852.

[476] _Leechdoms, Wortcunning, and Starcraft_, edited by the Rev. Oswald Cockayne.

[477] Francis Lenormant, _Chaldean Magic and Sorcery_.

[478] Francis Rous, _Archæologiæ Atticæ_. London, 1635.

[479] Grohmann, _Apollo Smintheus_, p. 60.

[480] Grohmann, _Aberglauben_, vol. i. p. 59.

[481] Grohmann, _Aberglauben_, vol. i. p. 61.

[482] Thomas Gage, _A New Survey of the West Indies_. London, 1677.

[483] Rev. Hilderic Friend, _Flowers and Flower-Lore_, p. 554.

[484] John Henry Gray, M. A., LL. D., _China_, p. 169.

[485] Martin Frederick Blumber, _A History of Amulets_.

[486] Richard Folkard, Jr., _Plant-Lore_, p. 160.

[487] _The Buddhism of Tibet._

[488] _The Nation._ June 15, 1866.

[489] R. T. Hampson, _Medii Ævi Kalendarium_. See, also, article by W. W. Newell in _Journal of American Folk-Lore_, vol. v. No. 14.

[490] Anthon’s _Classical Dictionary_.

[491] Garnett, p. 340.

[492] Lucy M. J. Garnett, _The Women of Turkey_, p. 286.

[493] Jean Frederic Bernard, _Superstitions anciennes et modernes_, tome i. p. 101. 1733.

[494] Scot’s _Discoverie of Witchcraft_.

[495] _The Folk-Lorist_, vol. i. July, 1893.

[496] William Jones, _Credulities Past and Present_.

[497] J. B. Thiers, _Traité des superstitions_.

[498] W. Crooke, B. A., _North Indian Folk-Lore_.

[499] _Folk-Lore._ June, 1896.

[500] W. W. Newell, _Journal of American Folk-Lore_, No. 16. 1892.

[501] M. D. Conway, _Demonology and Devil-Lore_.

[502] James M. Campbell, _Notes on the Spirit Basis of Belief and Custom_.

[503] _Bulletin de la societé d’ethnographie._ July, 1887.

[504] Rev. J. G. Wood, M. A., _The Uncivilized Races of Men_.

[505] _The Occult Sciences_, from the French of Eusebe Salverte.

[506] _Journal of American Folk-Lore_, No. 13. 1891.

[507] L. Lalanne, _Curiosités des traditions_. Paris, 1847.

[508] E. P. Evans, _Atlantic Monthly_, vol. 54. 1884.

[509] W. Lander Lindsay, M. D., _Mind in the Lower Animals_.

[510] Banier’s _Mythology_.

[511] J. B. Thiers, _Traité des superstitions_.

[512] Louis Duval, _Rôle des croyances populaires dans la protection des animaux_. 1889.

[513] _The Student and Intellectual Observer_, vol. iii. 1869.

[514] Rev. G. Oliver, D. D., _The Pythagorean Triangle_.

[515] Pliny, _Natural History_, book xxviii.

[516] _Century Dictionary._

[517] Sir John Bowring, F. R. S., _The Kingdom and People of Siam_, vol. i. p. 139.

[518] Mallet’s _Northern Antiquities_, p. 112.

[519] Folkard, p. 377.

[520] Robert Vilvain, of Excester, _Enchiridium Epigrammatum_, p. 148. 1654.

[521] T. Wain, _The Wonderful Number Seven_.

[522] Charles De B. Mills, _The Tree of Mythology_.

[523] _The International Cyclopædia_, vol. xiii. p. 360.

[524] Smith’s _Dictionary of the Bible_, art. “Seven.”

[525] F. Lenormant, _Chaldean Magic and Sorcery_.

[526] _Enchiridium Epigrammatum_, p. 141. 1654.

[527] T. Wain, _The Wonderful Number Seven_.

[528] S. Pancoast, M. D., _The Kabbala_, p. 247.

[529] _The National Review_, vol. xxi. p. 199. 1893.

[530] D. Person, _Varieties_.

[531] _All the Year Round_, vol. iii. 1870.

[532] Cockayne, vol. ii. p. 335.

[533] Crooke, p. 199.

[534] Campbell, _Spirit Basis of Custom and Belief_, p. 208.

[535] _Times’ Whistle._

[536] Fräulein Helene Raff.

[537] _Leechdoms, Wortcunning, and Starcraft_, edited by the Rev. Oswald Cockayne.

[538] _Archæologia_, vol. xxx. p. 427. 1844.

[539] _Celtic Magazine_, vol. viii. p. 252.

[540] William G. Black, _Folk-Medicine_.

[541] _Social Life in Scotland_, vol. iii. p. 227.

[542] C. G. Leland, _Gypsy Sorcery_.

[543] _Das Kloster_, Band xii. p. 771; Thorpe’s _Northern Mythology_, vol. i. p. 227; Grimm’s _Teutonic Mythology_, vol. i. pp. 272 _et seq._

[544] Gerald Massey, _Luniolatry_, p. 17.

[545] J. B. Salgues, _Des erreurs et des préjuges_.

[546] _Zeitschrift des Vereins für Volkskunde_, vol. iv. p. 250. 1894.

[547] _Boston Transcript_, December 30, 1897.

[548] Surgeon-General Edward Balfour, _The Encyclopædia of India_.

[549] _Journal of American Folk-Lore_, No. 17. April, 1892.

[550] Brewers’ _Dictionary of Phrase and Fable_.

[551] _The Century Dictionary._

TOPICAL INDEX

Above and below the salt, 202-205.

Æsir, the twelve; demigods, 331.

Animals, superstitious dealings with, 279-311. charms against, 292-297. spirits assume the forms of black, 284-287. legal prosecution of, 308-311.

Archangels, 321, 322.

Artisans, dwarfish, 28, 49.

Astrology, 19, 20, 248-253, 255-257.

Auguries derived from the sneeze of a cat, 212, 218, 219.

Augustine, Saint, quoted, 211.

Aureole or nimbus, 120, 121.

Avadanas, or Buddhist parables, 235.

Beelzebub, the fly-god, 283.

_Bhúts_, or malignant spirits, 160, 227.

Black animals not more vicious than others, 287.

Blacksmiths, credited with supernatural attributes, 40-53. usually able to recognize the Devil, 50.

Board’s end, 202.

British Apollo quoted, 170.

Camels instinctively browse upon saline plants, 187.

Ceremonies associated with sneezing, 231.

Cernabog, the black Slav demon, 285.

Chah-Miran, the serpent-king, 304.

Changelings, 176, 177, 271.

Chinese pagodas have always an odd number of stories, 314.

Chkaï, the Mordvine sun-god, 276, 277.

Clement, Saint, 46, 47.

Copernican system, 248.

Cosmopolitan condiment, salt thus termed, 188.

Covenant of salt, 157, 164-166.

Crescent, the Turkish symbol, 21, 22.

Crescents and half-moon-shaped amulets, 18-26.

Cross, the, most potent of talismans, 99.

Crows, as foreboders, 285-287.

Cure for deafness, 219, 220.

Cyclops, the, 41, 49.

Dactyls, mythical artisans, 41.

Days, of good and evil omen, 239-278. Egyptian, 239-243. Roman superstition concerning, 243-245. mediæval belief in day-fatality, 245-253. modern belief in day-fatality, 253-257. the sixth day of the week, 258-263. Friday in modern times, 263-278.

Demon-mare, 74.

Deodand, obsolete term of English law, 309.

Deuz or Deuce, the number two, 313.

Devil, the, 26, 31, 50, 69, 98, 123, 124, 130, 135, 136, 158, 159, 167, 218, 238, 254, 279, 285, 286, 290, 313.

Devil’s foot, imprint of, 136.

_Dies atri_, 244.

_Dies Egyptiaci_, 239-243, 247.

_Dies fasti_ and _nefasti_, 243, 244.

_Dies mala_, 246.

_Dies Veneris_, 262.

Diet regulated by the days of the week, 255.

Divining rod, 15.

Elf-bolt, 33.

Eloy, Saint, 47, 48, 235.

England, the day formerly divided into thirteen parts, 339.

Exorcism, of haunted house, 93. of vermin, 287.

Evil eye, 10-13.

Evil spirits, keep aloof from iron, 38. dislike salt, 159. cause sickness, 220-227.

Fairies, when especially alert, 266, 267.

Farriers, 52.

Farriery, introduction of modern, 4.

Fire, a spirit-scaring element, 54-58.

Fires, midsummer, 55, 56.

Fireflies, 28.

Fish, an emblem of Freyja, 259.

Fortune, the Roman goddess, 141-149.

Fortune and luck, 145-153. temples of, 149, 150.

Foxes, charm against, 303.

French Canadian legend, 97, 98.

Freyja, the Northern goddess of love, 258, 259, 269, 274.

Friday, 258-278. Moslem beliefs regarding, 264. Jewish beliefs regarding, 265.

Froth from a horse’s mouth repels demons, 68.

Geoponica, the, Grecian treatise on agriculture, 287, 306.

George, Saint, 126, 127.

Gertrude, Saint, patron saint of travelers and cats, 288.

Half-moon tavern symbols, 120.

Hamlin, the pied piper of, 288, 289.

Hammer, Thor’s emblem, 127.

Hand, symbol of the open, 16-18. in Palestine, 16. in Syria, 17.

Hand, symbol of the open, in Germany, 17.

Hatto II., Archbishop of Mayence, legend concerning, 282, 283.

Hebrides, preference for odd numbers, in the, 329.

Hecate, 23.

Hernia, cure for, 37.

Holy water, 182.

Horapollon, a treatise on Egyptian hieroglyphics, 210, 279.

Horn, of the fabulous unicorn, 9.

Horns, and other two-pronged objects, 8-15.

Horns of animals, used as amulets:— of the stag, 10, 14. of cattle, 10, 11. of antelopes, 11. of reindeer, 14.

Horse, the, a luck-bringer, 68. a divinatory animal, 69, 70.

Horse-shoe, history of the, 1-6. as a safeguard, 7, 8. as a symbol of the horse, 68-78. as a favorite anti-witch charm, 88-94. position of, as a protector of buildings, 99-104. as an emblem of good luck, 104-116. as a phallic symbol, 116-118. on tavern sign-boards, 118-120. on church-doors, 120-127. legendary lore, 128-136.

Horse-shoe arch, in Caledonian hieroglyphics, 65-68.

Horse-Shoe of Luck, story for children, 107, 108.

Horse-worship, 73.

Horses, Wodan’s favorite animals, 76.

Horses’ heads, as talismans, 78-87. on house gables, 82.

Horses’ hoofs, the sound of, frightens spirits, 71.

Horses’ skulls, 86, 87.

Houses, haunted, 93, 94.

Huixtocihuatl, Mexican goddess of salt, 155.

Idiots alleged to be incapable of sneezing, 216.

Inscriptions above entrances of dwellings, 101.

Intellectual force not incompatible with superstitious fancies, 274.

Ireland, origin of name, 30, 31.

Iron, as a protective charm, 26-40. use of, in folk-medicine, 36, 37. religious prejudice against, 29.

Iron and flint, affinity between, 33.

Iron-workers, regarded as sorcerers, 48.

Jinn, the, mythical demons, 29, 30.

Kalevalla, ancient Finnish epic poem, 42.

Legends, 30-32, 43-46, 50, 69, 70, 79, 91, 128-136, 154, 155, 160, 192, 193, 227, 228, 236, 237.

Leonard, Saint, 124, 126.

Lesbos, charm against insects in vogue in, 305.

Lincoln Cathedral, 123, 124.

Lincoln Imp, 123.

Locusts invade fields, 295.

Loki, the Principle of Evil in Northern mythology, 331.

_Lutins_, mischievous imps, 179, 236.

_Mano cornuta_, or anti-witch gesture, 12-14.

Medical superstitions regarding days, 251, 252.

Metal working and sorcery, early association of, 53.

Mexican priests, use magical ointment as a charm against wild beasts, 307.

Moon, superstitions concerning the, 19-21.

Moon-worship, 19.

Moonwort, 25.

Nagendra, Cingalese serpent-king, 65.

Nail, story of the, 6, 7.

Neapolitan evil-eye amulets, survivals of ancient Chaldean symbols, 13.

_Neck_, or Scandinavian river-spirit, 38.

North, the unblessed heathen quarter, 122, 123.

Numbers, the luck of odd, 302-339. early significance of, 312-314. the number three, 315-318. the number seven, 318-324. odd numbers in witchcraft, 324-327. odd numbers in folk-medicine, 327-330. thirteen, 331-339.

_Nundinæ_, or market days, 245.

Oakham castle in Rutlandshire, 4, 5.

Odd numbers, 312-339.

Ormuzd, chief deity of the Parsees, 57, 223.

Passover, Feast of the, 7, 8, 257.

Perforated stones as talismans, 75, 97.

Persians, share popular distrust of the number thirteen, 336.

Phelo, Chinese idol, 155.

Popiel II., king of Poland, pursued by rats, 282.

Position of horse-shoe as amulet, 94-103.

Prascovia, Saint, 274, 275.

Prometheus, myth concerning, 227, 228.

Put-sign, Egyptian, 66.

Pythagorean doctrine of numbers, 312.

Rats and mice as avengers, 279, 284.

Rats rhymed to death, 305.

Raven, the, a portentous bird, 285.

Recapitulation of theories of the origin of the horse-shoe superstition, 137, 138.

Rickets, cure for, in Scotland, 51.

Rites connected with sneezing, 230-233.

Rowan-tree, 92, 102, 196.

Salt, the folk-lore of common, 154-205. origin and history of, 154-157. uncongenial to witches and devils, 158-161. the Latin word _sal_, 161-163. employed to confirm an oath, 164-166. salt-spilling as an omen, 166-172. helping to salt at table, 172, 173. as a protection to infants, 173-177. as a magical substance, 177-184. miscellaneous remarks on, 184-196. used as money, 186, 187. regarded as an obnoxious article, 189-191. The Value of Salt. A Roman folk-tale, 193-196. the salt-cellar, 196-205.

Saxon superstitions, 260.

Septentriones, or seven stars of the constellation of the Great Bear, 319.

Serpent as an amuletic symbol, 58-60, 64, 65. as a tutelary divinity, 61. serpent-worship, 59-61.

Serpentine shape of the horse-shoe, 58-65.

Seven, the number, 318-324.

Shastra, or holy books of the Hindus, 224.

Sneezing, the omens of, 206-238. in ancient times, 206-211. mediæval beliefs concerning, 211-214. modern superstitions about, 215-220. doctrine of demoniacal possession, 220-227. salutation after sneezing, 227-236. alleged origin of custom, 229, 230. legends, 236-238.

Spite-stake, 79.

Talismanic coiffure, 14.

Talismans, complex, of the Tibetans, 100.

_Tantura_, head-dress, 15.

Teutonic beliefs about sneezing, 215.

Thieves fear to steal on a Friday, in Palermo, 271.

Thirteen, the number, 331-339.

Thirteen Club, 334.

Three, the number, 315-318. a favorite of witches, 316.

Threshold, a sacred place, 96-98.

Triads, in the codes of ancient Welsh laws, 315.

Tyche, Grecian goddess of good luck, 140, 141.

Typhon, the personification of evil, 26.

Ukko, a Finnish deity, 154.

Unit, a symbol of harmony and order, 312.

Universality of horse-shoe amulet noteworthy, 88.

Valhalla, 331.

Valkyrs, or thirteen virgins, 331.

Vermin, curious methods of expelling, 291, 294.

Vulcan, Roman god of fire, 40-42.

Water-sprites, active on Fridays, 267.

Witches crave salt, 159.

Witches’ sabbath, 265, 266.

Wodan or Odin, the chief Northern deity, 29, 44, 69, 76, 85, 111, 112, 126, 132, 136, 138, 258, 289.

Words used as charms, 300-306.

Xenophon, processes for strengthening the hoofs of horses recommended by, 1. regards sneezing as a happy omen, 208.

Yawning considered dangerous, 226.

_Yoni_ symbol, 117.

Zadkiel’s Almanac, 20, 256.

Zend-Avesta, or sacred Persian writings, 232.

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