Chapter 4

[Footnote 10: _Andromeda_ was the Daughter of _Cepheus_ King of _Aethiopia_ and of _Cassiope_. Her Mother having offended the _Nereids_, by contending with them for Superiority in Beauty, _Neptune_, at their Petition, sent a Sea-Monster, which greatly annoyed the _Aethiopians_. Upon this they consulted the Oracle of _Jupiter Ammon_, who ordered them to expose one of the Progeny of _Cepheus_ and _Cassiope_ to be devoured by the Monster. _Andromeda_ was accordingly ty'd to a Rock, where she was espied by _Perseus_, who killed the Monster, and rescued the Lady; for which he received her at the Hands of her Parents as his Reward. The Story is told in the 4th Book of the _Metamorphosis_.]

[Footnote 11: _Bunches of Grapes in _Methymna__; a City of _Lesbia_, the Wine of which Country was famous among the Ancients.]

[Footnote 12: _Ears of Corn in _Gargara__; which was in _Mysia_, a Province of the _Hellespont_.]

[Footnote 13: The Original is, _And the Mother of _AEneas_ resides in the City of her Son._ _AEneas_, from whom the Romans derived their Original, was the Son of _Venus_ by _Anchises_.]

[Footnote 14: The Original, rendered as literally as possible, is as follows: _Walk at your ease under the _Pompeian_ Shade, when the Sun enters the _Herculean_ Lion; or where the Mother hath added her Benefactions to those of her Son; a work rich in foreign Marble: Nor avoid that Portico adorned with ancient Pictures, which is called _Livia_, from the Name of its Founder: nor that adorned by the Statues of the _Belides_, who attempted the Lives of their unfortunate Cousins; and where you see the cruel Father standing with his drawn Sword: Nor pass by the Temple of _Venus_ and her lamented_ Adonis; _nor omit the Seventh-Day Festivals of the _Jews_; nor the _Egyptian_ Temples of the _Linnen-clad_ Heifer: She makes many Women to be that which she herself was to _Jupiter_._

To explain these several Particulars to an _English_ Reader, it must be known, that the Portico's in _Rome_ were the publick Walks; and here Persons of both Sexes used to assemble. Among these was one built by _Pompey_. The second Portico mentioned, is by the best Commentators understood of the _Octavian_, which was built by _Octavia_, Sister to _Augustus_, and Mother to _Marcellus_; and this adjoined to a Temple built by the same _Marcellus_. The third Portico was built by _Livia_ the Wife of _Augustus_, and called from her Name. The fourth, where the Picture of the _Belides_ was, is to be understood of the Portico of _Apollo Palatinus_, in which were the Statues of the fifty Daughters of _Danaus_ and Grandaughters of _Belus_. These being married to the fifty Sons of their Uncle _AEgyptus_, every one, by her Father's Command, slew her husband on the first Night, save only _Hypermnestra_. For this they were punished in the lower World, by being obliged to fill a Barrel full of Holes with Water. _Scaliger_ and others have here made a mistake, supposing the Picture of the _Belides_ was here hung up: But the contrary appears by many Authorities, particularly by this in _Qv. Trist. 3_.

_Signa peregrinis ubi sunt alterna columnis, Belides, & stricto barbarus ense pater._

It appears that the Number of Pillars was equalled by the Number of Statues. 5thly, The Temple of _Venus_, in which she was worshipped, together with _Adonis_, after the _Assyrian_ manner. This _Adonis_ was the Son of _Cinyras_ King of _Cyprus_, begotten by him on his own Daughter _Myrrha_. The Fame of his Beauty, and the Passion which _Venus_ bore towards him, are well known. 6thly, The _Jewish_ Synagogues. The _Jews_ having been encouraged by _Julius Caesar_, were very numerous in _Rome_ at that time; and the Strangeness and Pomp of their Ceremonies inviting the Curiosity of the _Roman_ Ladies, their Synagogues became famous Places of Intrigue. 7. The Temple of _Isis_. This Goddess, when a Woman, was called _Io_. She was the Daughter of _Inachus_; and being beloved by _Jupiter_, was by him, to preserve her from his Wife's Jealousy, turned into a Heifer, _Juno_ suspecting the Fact, obtained this Heifer of her Husband, and set Argus to watch over her. _Jupiter_ wanting to visit his old Friend, sent _Mercury_ to kill _Argus_; in revenge of which, _Juno_ ordered a Gad-Bee to sting the poor Heifer; which thereupon growing mad, ran to _Egypt_, where she was again restored to the Shape of a Woman, and married to _Osiris_. The Feast of _Isis_ was celebrated in _Rome_ ten Days together by the Women, and was a time of Carnival among them.]

[Footnote 15: In _Caesar's Forum_, which was built on the _Appian_ Way, was the Temple of _Venus Genetrix_.]

[Footnote 16: Races were run at _Rome_ in _April_ in the _Circus Maximus_, which was likewise the Scene of many other public Exercises and Shews.]

[Footnote 17: _And when the Procession shall pass on with the Ivory Deities, do you applaud most the Statue of _Lady_ Venus._ Thus the Original. The Paraphrase preserves the same Sense, though in other Circumstances. These Statues were carried in Procession on many Occasions, particularly at the _Maegalesian_ Games.]

[Footnote 18: _Adjusting her cushion._]

[Footnote 19: _Putting a Foot-stool under her._]

[Footnote 20: The Original mentioned the Fights of the _Gladiators_. The Paraphrase comes as near as our Customs admit; for the _British_ Ladies never attend to see Men kill one another in jest.]

[Footnote 21: _Augustus Caesar_ among other rich Shews, with which he entertained the People, exhibited to them a Sea-Fight in a Place dug on purpose near the banks of the _Tyber_. The Poet takes this occasion of introducing many Compliments to the Grandson of this Prince. We have done little more than altered Names in this Place; and as we are assured all here said is as properly applicable to the noble Person to whom we have transferred it, the learned Reader will admire that any Passage in an antient Author can be so apposite to the present Times, and the true _English_ Reader will be no less delighted to see _Ovid_ introduced as singing forth the Praises of the _British Hero_.]

[Footnote 22: _Parthia._]

[Footnote 23: The _Crassi_.]

[Footnote 24: _Hercules._]

[Footnote 25: _Bacchus._]

[Footnote 26: The Original here described the many Nations who are led Captives.]

[Footnote 27: Here we have inverted the Original; but sure the Sense upholds us in so doing.]

[Footnote 28: _Baiae_, a Place not far from _Naples_, famous for wholesome as well as pleasant Baths. It is described very largely by _Diodorus_; and _Horace_ mentions it as the pleasantest Place in the World.]

[Footnote 29: In the Original, the Temple of _Diana_ in the Suburbs. It stood in a Grove not far from Rome. The next Line, _Partaque per gladios, &c._ alludes to a very singular Custom, by which the Priests of this Temple succeeded to each other, _viz._ by Conquest in single Combat, for which every Slave or Fugitive was admitted to contend, and the Victor was rewarded with the Priesthood. This Practice was renewed every Year, and was, as _Strabo_ informs us, originally taken from the _Scythians_.]

[Footnote 30: _Byblis_ fell in love with her Brother _Caunus_; and upon his rejecting her Addresses, hanged herself. The Poets feign she was afterwards turned into a Fountain. See _Metam._ IX.]

[Footnote 31: _Myrrha_ was the Daughter of _Cinyras_, who being in love with her Father, took an Opportunity, while her Mother was employed in the Sacrifices to _Ceres_, to supply her Place. Her Father discovering the Imposture, ran after her with a drawn Sword to kill her: But she escaped by means of the Night, and fled into _Sabeaea_. She was changed into the Myrrh-Tree. The Story of which is in _Metam._ X. But though the Poets have subjoined Fable to this Fact, it is related by _Pliny_ as a true History.]

[Footnote 32: _Pasiphaë_ was the Daughter of the Sun, married to _Minos_ King of _Crete_. The Poets feign that being in love with a Bull, she employed _Daedalus_, a famous Artist, to make her a wooden Cow, into which she conveyed herself, in order to enjoy her monstrous Desires. From this unnatural Coition sprung the _Minotaur_, a Monster half Man and half Bull, which was enclosed in a Labyrinth, and afterward destroyed by _Theseus_.]

[Footnote 33: The Original alludes to the _Cretans_, who were famous among the Antients for the Vice of lying.]

[Footnote 34: _Europa_ was the Daughter of _Agenor_ King of _Cydon_, beloved by _Jupiter_, and by him run away with in the Shape of a Bull.]

[Footnote 35: _AErope_ was the Wife of _Atreus_. She committed Adultery with her Husband's Brother _Thyestes_, by whom she had two Sons, whom _Atreus_ caused to be killed, and served up to his Brother's Table. To avoid this Sight, the Sun is said to have gone backward.]

[Footnote 36: _Scylla_ the Daughter of _Nisus_, King of the _Megarensians_, fell in love with _Minos_, while he was besieging her Father's City. She stole away her Father's Hair, on which the Fate of the City depended, and carried it to _Minos_; for which Fact she was rewarded by her Lover with Contempt only. She is by some said to have been changed into a Lark: But _Ovid_, who here seems to confound two Stories together, makes her Transformation to have been into a Rock, which lies between _Sicily_ and _Italy_; where the dashing of the Waves against the Rock representing the Sound of the Barking of Dogs, gave rise to the Fable which is here hinted at.]

[Footnote 37: _Clytemnestra_, the Wife of _Agamemnon_, who in the absence of her Husband committed Adultery with _AEgysthus_, and with him afterwards murdered _Agamemnon_, at his Return from _Troy_.]

[Footnote 38: _Creüsa_ was the Daughter of _Creon_ King of _Corinth_, and second Wife to _Jason_; to whom _Medea_, enraged with _Jason_, who had forsaken her, sent a Casket in which Wild-Fire was inclosed, and by which she was burnt as soon [as] it was opened. This _Medea_ afterwards, on account of the same Anger with _Jason_, tore to pieces her two Sons which she had bore to him.]

[Footnote 39: This _Phoenix_ having incensed his Father, by lying with a Woman who was beloved by the latter, fled to the Protection of _Peleus_ the Father of _Achilles_, and was by bim [_sic_] Preceptor of that young Hero.]

[Footnote 40: _Hippolytus_ being beloved by his Stepmother _Phaedra_, and refusing to gratify her Desires, was by her falsely accused to his Father _Theseus_; upon which account he was obliged to fly, and the Chariot Horses being frighted by Sea-Calves, dashed the Chariot to-pieces, and him also.]

[Footnote 41: _Phineus_ King of _Arcadia_, having repudiated his Wife _Cleopatra_, married _Harpalice_; by whose Instigation he put out the Eyes of his Sons: for which he was afterwards punished by Divine Vengeance with the Loss of his own.]

[Footnote 42: The _Romans_ paid a Religious Regard to their Birth-Day, as appears from many Passages in their Poets. At this time they used to receive Presents from their Relations and Acquaintance. We have here given the Sense of the Original, only varying the Customs (_Kalendae Martii_.) _Ovid_ advises the Lover to abstain from visiting his Mistress in the Kalends of _March_. At which time the _Matronalia_ were celebrated to _Juno Lucina_, and the Husbands used to pray to that Goddess to protect the Chastity of their Wives. _Horace_ likewise Lib. III. Ode 8. hints that this was not the proper Season for Batchelors to give a Loose to their Gaieties. (_Sive erit ornatus Circus_, &c.) A third Caution _Ovid_ gives, is not to visit on those Days when the Wealth of the _Roman_ Conquests were exposed to the _Circus_, in admiring which, as _Mycellus_ observes, the Girls were too much taken up, to attend to the Desires of their Lovers. To say the truth, some Custom seems to be alluded to here, which is not sufficiently preserved from the Ruins of Antiquity.]

[Footnote 43: _Then the _Pleiades_ are at hand. Then the Goat is merged in the Sea_, _viz._ in the Month of _October_ and _November_.]

[Footnote 44: The Original points at the Day in which the _Romans_ were overthrown by the _Gauls_ on the Banks of the River _Allia_. This was the 15th of the Kalends of _August. A. U. C._ 363, and it was marked as a black Day in their Kalendar. As this Nation is too happy to produce any such Day, we have been obliged to give it a different Turn in our Paraphrase.]

[Footnote 45: _Cydippe_ was a beautiful virgin of the island of _Delos_. She was celebrating the Rites of _Diana_ when she was seen by _Acontius_, who falling in love with her, and not daring openly to declare his Passion, contrived to drop an Apple at her Feet, in which were inclosed these two Lines:

_I swear to you by the mystical Rites of _Diana_, That I will attend you as a Companion, and become your Bride._

_Cydippe_ took up the Apple and read the Lines; by repeating which words they became her own; and she was ignorantly betrothed to her Lover: For it was a Law, that whatever any persons said in _Diana_'s Temple, they were obliged to perform.]

[Footnote 46: _Ariadne_ was the Daughter of _Minos_ King of _Crete_. She fell in Love with _Theseus_, and with a Clew of Thread helped him out of the Labyrinth into which he went to kill the _Minotaur_. He afterwards basely deserted the poor Lady, of which our Poet will presently tell the Story.]

[Footnote 47: _Silenus_ was the Pedagogue of _Bacchus_, and his Foster-Father: He was likewise his Companion on all Occasions; and is often introduced in his drunken Mood by our Poet.]

[Footnote 48: At this Wedding _Eurytion_ the _Centaur_ getting drunk, attempted to ravish _Hippodamia_ the Bride of _Pyrithous_, but _Theseus_ knocked his Brains out with a Bowl. Upon this a Battle ensued between the _Centaurs_ and the _Lapithae_, who defending the Cause of their Prince _Pyrithous_, destroyed almost all the _Centaurs_. _Horace_ Lib. I. Ode 18. mentions this Story likewise, as a Caution to Men not to be quarrelsome in their Cups.]

[Footnote 49: Here and in many other Places, we have been obliged to supply that Connection, which is greatly wanting in the Original.]

[Footnote 50: _Phoebe_ and _Ilaira_ were two pretty Girls, the Daughters of _Leucippus_, and by their Father betrothed to two Brothers _Idas_ and _Lynceus_; but before the Celebration of their Nuptials, were ravished by _Castor_ and _Pollux_. This ended in the Death of _Castor_, by the Hands of _Lynceus_; and of _Lynceus_, by _Pollux_, whose Death while _Idas_ was attempting to revenge, he was struck dead by Thunder at the Feet of _Pollux_.]

[Footnote 51: _Orion_ the _Theban_ was in Love with _Merope_ the Daughter of _AEnopian_; but who this _Lyrice_ was, is not so plain, no Mention being made of her in any other Place.]

[Footnote 52: _Daphnis_ was the Son of _Mercury_; for his Love for this _Naïs_, we have here _Ovid_'s Authority.]

PUBLICATIONS OF THE AUGUSTAN REPRINT SOCIETY

First Year (1946-47)

Numbers 1-6 out of print.

Second Year (1947-1948)

7. John Gay's _The Present State of Wit_ (1711); and a section on Wit from _The English Theophrastus_ (1702).

8. Rapin's _De Carmine Pastorali_, translated by Creech (1684).

9. T. Hanmer's (?) _Some Remarks on the Tragedy of Hamlet_ (1736).

10. Corbyn Morris' _Essay towards Fixing the True Standards of Wit, etc._ (1744).

11. Thomas Purney's _Discourse on the Pastoral_ (1717).

12. Essays on the Stage, selected, with an Introduction by Joseph Wood Krutch.

Third Year (1948-1949)

13. Sir John Falstaff (pseud.), _The Theatre_ (1720).

14. Edward Moore's _The Gamester_ (1753).

15. John Oldmixon's _Reflections on Dr. Swift's Letter to Harley_ (1712); and Arthur Mainwaring's _The British Academy_ (1712).

16. Nevil Payne's _Fatal Jealousy_ (1673).

17. Nicholas Rowe's _Some Account of the Life of Mr. William Shakespeare_ (1709).

18. "Of Genius," in _The Occasional Paper_, Vol. III, No. 10 (1719); and Aaron Hill's Preface to _The Creation_ (1720).

Fourth Year (1949-1950)

19. Susanna Centlivre's _The Busie Body_ (1709).

20. Lewis Theobold's _Preface to The Works of Shakespeare_ (1734).

21. Out of print.

22. Samuel Johnson's _The Vanity of Human Wishes_ (1749) and Two _Rambler_ papers (1750).

23. John Dryden's _His Majesties Declaration Defended_ (1681).

24. Out of print.

Fifth Year (1950-1951)

25. Thomas Baker's _The Fine Lady's Airs_ (1709).

26. Charles Macklin's _The Man of the World_ (1792).

27. Out of print.

28. John Evelyn's _An Apologie for the Royal Party_ (1659); and _A Panegyric to Charles the Second_ (1661).

29. Daniel Defoe's _A Vindication of the Press_ (1718).

30. Essays on Taste from John Gilbert Cooper's _Letters Concerning Taste_, 3rd edition (1757), & John Armstrong's _Miscellanies_ (1770).

Sixth Year (1951-1952)

31. Thomas Gray's _An Elegy Wrote in a Country Church Yard_ (1751); and _The Eton College Manuscript_.

32. Prefaces to Fiction; Georges de Scudéry's Preface to _Ibrahim_ (1674), etc.

33. Henry Gally's _A Critical Essay_ on Characteristic-Writings (1725).

34. Thomas Tyers' _A Biographical Sketch of Dr. Samuel Johnson_ (1785).

35. James Boswell, Andrew Erskine, and George Dempster. _Critical Strictures on the New Tragedy of Elvira, Written by Mr. David Mallock_ (1763).

36. Joseph Harris's _The City Bride_ (1696).

Seventh Year (1952-1953)

37. Thomas Morrison's _A Pindarick Ode on Painting_ (1767).

38. John Phillips' _A Satyr Against Hypocrites_ (1655).

39. Thomas Warton's _A History of English Poetry_.

40. Edward Bysshe's _The Art of English Poetry_ (1708).

41. Bernard Mandeville's _A Letter to Dion_ (1732).

42. Prefaces to Four Seventeenth-Century Romances.

Eighth Year (1953-1954)

43. John Baillie's _An Essay on the Sublime_ (1747).

44. Mathias Casimire Sarbiewski's _The Odes of Casimire_, Translated by G. Hils (1646).

45. John Robert Scott's _Dissertation on the Progress of the Fine Arts_.

46. Selections from Seventeenth Century Songbooks.

47. Contemporaries of the _Tatler_ and _Spectator_.

48. Samuel Richardson's Introduction to _Pamela_.

Ninth Year (1954-1955)

49. Two St. Cecilia's Day Sermons (1696-1697).

50. Hervey Aston's _A Sermon Before the Sons of the Clergy_, (1745).

51. Lewis Maidwell's _An Essay upon the Necessity and Excellency of Education_ (1705).

52. Pappity Stampoy's _A Collection of Scotch Proverbs_ (1663).

53. Urian Oakes' _The Soveraign Efficacy of Divine Providence_ (1682)

54. Mary Davys' _Familiar Letters Betwixt a Gentleman and a Lady_ (1725).

Tenth Year (1955-1956)

55. Samuel Say's _An Essay on the Harmony, Variety, and Power of Numbers_ (1745).

56. _Theologia Ruris, sive Schola & Scala Naturae_ (1686).

57. Out of print.

58. Eighteenth-Century Book Illustrations.

59. Samuel Johnson's _Notes to Shakespeare_. Vol. I, Comedies, Part I.

60. Samuel Johnson's _Notes to Shakespeare_. Vol. I, Comedies, Part II.

Eleventh Year (1956-1957)

61. Elizabeth Elstob's _An Apology for the Study of Northern Antiquities_ (1715).

62. _Two Funeral Sermons_ (1635).

63. _Parodies of Ballad Criticism_ (1711-1787).

64. _Prefaces to Three Eighteenth-Century Novels_ (1708, 1751, 1797).

65. Samuel Johnson's _Notes to Shakespeare_. Vol. II, Histories, Part I.

66. Samuel Johnson's _Notes to Shakespeare_. Vol. II, Histories, Part II.

Twelfth Year (1957-1958)

67. Henry Fielding's _The Voyages of Mr. Job Vinegar_ (1740).

68. Elkanah Settle's _The Notorious Impostor_ (1692) and _Diego Redivivus_ (1692).

69. _An Historical View of the ... Political Writers in Great Britain_ (1740).

70. G.W., _Magazine_, or _Animadversions on the English Spelling_ (1703).

71. Samuel Johnson's _Notes to Shakespeare_. Vol. III, Tragedies, Part I.

72. Samuel Johnson's _Notes to Shakespeare_. Vol. III, Tragedies, Part II.

Thirteenth Year (1958-1959)

73. Samuel Johnson's _Notes to Shakespeare_. Vol. III, Tragedies, Part III.

74. _Seventeenth-Century Tales of the Supernatural_.

75. John Joyne, _A Journal_ (1679).

76. André Dacier, _Preface to Aristotle's Art of Poetry_ (1705).

77-78. David Hartley, _Various Conjectures on the Perception, Motion, and Generation of Ideas_ (1746).

Fourteenth Year (1959-1960)

79. William Herbert, Third Earl of Pembroke's _Poems_ (1660).

80. [P. Whalley's] _An Essay on the Manner of Writing History_ (1746).

81. Two Burlesques of Lord Chesterfield's Letters _The Graces_ (1774). _The Fine Gentleman's Etiquette_ (1776).

82. Henry Fuseli's _Remarks on the Writings and Conduct of J. J. Rousseau_ (1767).

83. _Sawney and Colley_ (1742) and other Pope Pamphlets.

84. Richard Savage's _An Author To Be Lett_ (1729).

Fifteenth Year (1960-1961)

85-86. _Essays on the Theatre from Eighteenth-Century Periodicals._ Selected, with an introduction, by John Loftis. [double issue]

87. Daniel Defoe, _Of Captain Misson and his Crew_ (1728). Introduction by Maximillian E. Novak.

88. Samuel Butler, _Poems_. Selected, with an introduction, by Alexander C. Spence.

89. Henry Fielding, _Ovid's Art of Love_ (1760). Introduction by Claude E. Jones.

90. Henry Needier, _Works_ (1728). Selected, with an introduction, by Marcia Allentuck.

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William Andrews Clark Memorial Library: University of California

THE AUGUSTAN REPRINT SOCIETY

_General Editors_

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RALPH COHEN University of California, Los Angeles

VINTON A. DEARING University of California, Los Angeles

LAWRENCE CLARK POWELL Wm. Andrews Clark Memorial Library

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The Society's purpose is to publish reprints (usually facsimile reproductions) of rare seventeenth and eighteenth century works. All income of the Society is devoted to defraying costs of publication and mailing.

Correspondence concerning subscriptions in the United States and Canada should be addressed to the William Andrews Clark Memorial Library, 2205 West Adams Boulevard, Los Angeles 18, California. Correspondence concerning editorial matters may be addressed to any of the general editors. The membership fee is $4.00 a year for subscribers in the United States and Canada and 15/- for subscribers in Great Britain and Europe. British and European subscribers should address B.H. Blackwell, Broad Street, Oxford, England.

Publications for the fifteenth year (1960-1961)

Six items, most of them from the following list, will be reprinted.

Samuel Butler, _Poems_. Selected, with an introduction, by Alexander C. Spence.

Daniel Defoe, _Of Captain Misson and his Crew_ (1728). Introduction by Maximillian E. Novak.

_Eighteenth-Century Illustrations to The Faerie Queene._ Introduction by Ralph Cohen.

_Essays on the Theatre from Eighteenth-Century Periodicals._ Selected, with an introduction, by John Loftis. [double issue]

Henry Fielding, _Ovid's Art of Love_ (1760). Introduction by Claude E. Jones.

Francis Hutcheson, _Reflections on Laughter_ (1729). Introduction by Scott Elledge.

Henry Needier, _Works_ (1728). Selected, with an introduction, by Marcia Allentuck.

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