Part 42

[161] _Journal Anthrop. Inst._, vol. iv. p. 464.

[162] _Limits of Natural Selection, as applied to Man._

[163] _Bull. de la Soc. d’Anthropologie de Paris_, 1861, ii. p. 501; 1862, iii. p. 192.

[164] _Mem. Anthropol. Soc. London_, vol. i. p. 65.

[165] _Crania Ægyptiaca_, p. 21.

[166] _Vide_ “Physical Characteristics of the Ancient and Modern Celt”: _Canadian Journal_, vol. vii. p. 369.

[167] _Thesaurus Craniorum_ (Appendix), p. 347.

[168] _Archæologia Scotica_, vol. ii. p. 450.

[169] _Phrenological Development of Robert Burns_, by George Combe, p. 7.

[170] The use of different standards of weights and measures, and of diverse materials for determining the capacity of the skull in different countries, greatly complicates the researches of the craniologist. Some pains have been taken here to bring the various weights and measurements to a common standard. In attempting to do so in reference to the weight of brain of Italy’s great poet, the following process was adopted: It was ascertained by experiment that 912.5 grms. of rice, well shaken down, occupied the space of 1000 grms. of water. Hence 3.1321 lbs. rice = 3.4324 water. Multiplying this by 1.04, the s.g. of brain, the result is the capacity of the skull, viz. 3.5697 lbs., or 57 oz., as given above. In this and other investigations embodied in the present paper, I was indebted to the valuable co-operation of my late friend and colleague, Professor H. H. Croft.

[171] Dr. J. B. Davis, Supp. _Thesaurus Craniorum_, p. 7.

[172] Sir H. Holland’s _Recollections of Past Life_, p. 254.

[173] _The Descent of Man_, vol. i. p. 120. Appleton ed.

[174] _Memoirs of Anthrop. Soc. London_, vol. i. p. 289. _Thesaurus Craniorum_, p. 49.

[175] Grey’s _Elegy_.

[176] _Mem. Anthropol. Soc. London_, vol. i. p. 465.

[177] _Peabody Museum Annual Report_, 1868, p. 7.

[178] _Journal of Anthropol. Inst._, vol. iii. p. 92.

[179] _Crania Americana_, p. 260.

[180] _Ibid._, p. 132.

[181] _Crania Americana_, p. 261.

[182] Same as Footnote 181.

[183] _Introductory Note, Catalogue_, p. 10.

[184] _Peabody Museum Report_, 1874, p. 10.

[185] _Ibid_. 1871, p. 11.

[186] _Crania Americana_, p. 261.

[187] _Thesaurus Craniorum_, p. 148.

INDEX

Abbeville, bones of extinct mammalia at, 154 Abbot, Dr. Charles C., _Primitive Industry of the Native Races_, quoted, 89, 98; discoveries at Trenton, 100, 158, 160, 162, 163, 164, 165, 167, 180 Abercrombie, Dr., 374, 376 Adam, M. Lucien, papers by, 19 Africa, circumnavigation of, in 611 B.C., 9 African hybrid, the, 311 Agassiz, Professor, 20, 150, 216, 375, 376, 385, 390, 396, 399 Akkad, language of the Sumerian class, 27 Alaska, peopled by Eskimo, 66, 234 Aleutian Island, 66, 117 Algonkins, 18, 66, 106, 173, 206, 207, 216, 229, 234, 237, 241, 243, 244, 248, 252, 254, 265, 268, 270, 274, 275, 276, 280, 281, 282, 300, 304, 318 Alleghans, 106, 172, 174, 175 Alligéwi, 103, 172, 215, 251, 253, 267, 269, 273, 287 Alphabet, Indian, 237 Alton, find of flint implements, 97 Andaman Islander, 348, 387 Andastes, 253 Andastogues, 253 Anderdon, Indian reserve, 280, 284, 295, 306 Anne, Queen, gift to the Mohawks, 314 _Antiquitates Americanæ_, 51, 57, 58, 61 Apaches, 175, 229 Arapahoes, 235 Arifrode’s Icelandic Saga, 51 Arnold, Dr., 137 Arrowhead-makers, 224 Artist, the Indian, 193 Ashbrandsson, Biorn, 37 Assiniboins, 120, 121 Athabaska river, 121, 126 Athabascan, language of, 18 Atkinson, Henry George, 353 Atlantis, legend of, 1; supposed geographical position, 2 Attiwendaronks, 177, 220, 254, 256, 277, 278, 282, 294 Aughey, Professor, 148 Avalldamon, Skræling chief, 69 Aymaras, 387, 389 Aztecs, 20, 103, 238, 268, 287, 387

Babeens, 90, 121, 207, 312 Bacon, quoted, 34 Bancroft’s _Native Races of the Pacific States_, quoted, 6, 70 Barlow, Dr. H. C., 369 Basket-work, 224 Bastian, 343 Bateman, 83, 188 Batoche, 334 Bauchman’s Beach, arrow-makers of, 128 Bay of Quinté, 314 Bearfoot, Rev. Isaac, 302 Bear Skin, a Haidah chief, and Judge Pemberton, 211 Beatty, Mr., 326 Beechy, Captain, 204 Belgium caves, 357 Bell, Dr. Robert, 101, 120, 125, 126 Bentham, Jeremy, 352 Berkeley landed at Rhode Island in 1728, 79 Bertram, the Cherokees described by, 173 Bible, Indian, translation of, 298, 299 Blackfeet, 120, 175, 178, 206, 226, 229, 234, 312, 329, 333 Blankets, drawings on Haidah, 211 Boas, Dr. Franz, 393 Bone implements, 167 Borlase, 83 Boucher de Perthes, M., 5, 88, 91, 112 Boyd, Dr., 367, 377, 380, 381, 382 Boyle, Robert, 289 Brain, the weight in proportion to the body, 341 Brain, the average weight of, 353, 360 Brant, a native chief, 321 Brasseur de Bourbourg, Abbé, 5 Brazil, discovery of, 13, 38; caves, 148, 149 Brewster, Sir David, 182 Brinton, Dr., 14, 20, 28, 241, 243 British Association at Montreal, 61, 69 British Columbia, tribes of, 115, 324 Brown, George, 376 —— J. Allan, 88 Brownell’s _Indian Races_, 251 Broca, Professor, 354, 357, 358, 373, 376, 377, 381, 402 Bronze, sword, leaf-shaped, 85; workers in, 95 Bruce, King Robert the, 354, 369, 374 Buckland’s, Dean, _Reliquiæ Diluvianæ_, 145 Buffalo, 178, 325 Buffalo robe, pictured, 35, 89 Bulmer, J. Y., 55 Bünger, Professor, 372, 374 Burns’s head, 369, 374, 379 Busk, Professor, 390 Buslyde, Hierome, 76 Byron, 355, 375, 376

Cabral, Pedro Alvares de, 12, 45 Caliban, references to, 74, 84, 247 Calori, Professor C. L., 342 Campbell, Lord Chancellor, 376, 385 Canarses of Long Island, 269 Caniengas, or Flint People, 264, 285, 294 Cape Breton Island, 53, 54, 69 Cape Cod, 62 Carantouans, 253 Caribbees, shell-workers of the, 94 Caribs, 190 Carpenter, Dr., 336 Carr, Lucien, 393 Cartier, Jacques, 53, 176, 253, 262, 268, 274, 275, 277, 280, 281, 282, 295 Carved lodge-poles, 210, 212 Cassiterides, 181 Catawbas, 103, 173, 274 Catlin, Mr., artist, 123 Caughnawaga, 306 Cave-men, 152, 153, 165, 195, 196 Cayugas, 253, 278, 289, 294, 297, 305, 318 Centennial Exposition of Philadelphia in 1876, 166 Chalmers, Dr., 376, 378, 385 Champlain, 252, 268, 274, 275, 276, 277, 281 Charlevoix, Père, 117, 277 Charles River, 49 Charlton, B. E., 220 Chattahoochee River, 97 Chatta-Muskogees, 103, 173 Cherohakahs, 253, 296 Cherokees, 103, 172, 173, 174, 253, 274, 287, 298 Chesapeake Bay, 269 Cheyennes, 175, 229 Chickasaws, 103, 286 Chichenitza sculptured tablets, 34 Chimpseyans, 121, 138, 207, 208 China, money of, 22 Chincha, Indians of, 391 Chinooks, 130, 134, 227, 234, 312 Chippeways, 121, 124, 134, 225, 312, 318, 329, 351 Choctaws, 103, 173, 286, 287 Chuakouet, grape vine at, in 1606, 53 Cisneros, Dr., 362 Cissbury, flint pits at, 92 Clalam Indians, 121, 138, 312 Clarke, Hyde, _Examination of the Legend_, quoted, 2; _Khita and Khita-Peruvian Epoch_, quoted, 4, 26 Clarke, Lockhart, 340 Clatsops, 130, 226, 234 Claussen, M., 148 Cliff dwellings, 135 Cloyne, Bishop of, 77 Colbert, shipment of emigrants under direction of, 316 Coles, the, 348 Columbus, 1, 7, 11, 13, 37, 40, 72, 73, 74, 77, 131, 325 Columns, ornamental, 209 Comanches, 175 Combe, George, 369 Comparative cerebral capacity of races, 400, 401 Compass, the, of the Norse rovers, 12 Conestogas, 253 Cook, Captain, 14 Copan, statue at, 34, 35 Copenhagen, rune-stones at, 42, 56 Copper of Lake Superior, 35, 115, 170, 179, 262, 313; of Mexico, 179, 181 —— implements, 106, 116, 179, 182, 212, 262 —— ornaments, 116, 212 —— smelting, 180 Coral islands of the Pacific, 21 Correa, Pedro, 74 Corvo, coins found at, 9, 36 Cowlitz, 130, 226, 227, 312 Crania of Pacific coast tribes, 394 Creeks, 103, 274 Crees, 175, 178, 206, 227, 229, 312, 329, 333 Cresson, H. T., 99, 100, 162 Cristineaux, 143, 323 Cromagnon cavern, 85, 357, 358, 361 Cross-ness, 61 Cumshewa, 115 Cunningham’s Island, 177, 278 Curtius, Professor, 10 Cushing, Mr., 244, 300 Cusick, David, 252, 277 Cuvier, 373, 374, 375, 376, 377 Cuoq, M., 297 Cuzco, 389

Dakota, 229, 256 Dakotan, language of, 18, 296 Dall, W. H., 117, 152, 205, 323 D’Allyon, Father, 177 Dalton, Dr., 352 Dante, 368, 369, 374 Darwin, 339, 372 Davis, Dr. J. Barnard, 117, 342, 344, 345, 347, 348, 349, 355, 362, 365, 366, 370, 373, 383, 390, 391, 397, 398, 400, 402 —— Straits, 65 Dawkins, Professor Boyd, 150, 151, 152, 165, 358, 359 Dawson, Dr. G. M., 114, 120, 125 —— S. J., 330 Dawson’s, Sir W., _Fossil Men_, 219 Delaware gravel beds, 98, 158 Delawares, 103, 175, 251, 269 De Leon, Pedro de Cieza, 391 Denham, Admiral H. M., 347 Designs on pottery, Indian, 121, 189, 190, 195, 220; by cave-men, 196 De Quatrefages, Professor, 206, 215, 216 De Quincey, 378 _Descriptio insularum aquilonis_, 52 De Soto, 173 Dighton Rock, 46, 47, 54, 61, 79, 206 Dirichlet, the mathematician, 376 Dobson, G. E., 348, 349 Donnelly’s _Atlantis_, 6 Dooyentate, Peter, 252, 274, 276, 295 D’Orbigny, 143, 398 Dordogne cave, 239; valley, 64 Dorion, L, A., 296 Dowler, Dr., 149, 150, 154 Drawings of Animals, Indian, 217 Dupuytren, Surgeon, 376, 386 Dyes employed by Indians, 240-243

Ealing, palæolithic workshop at, 88 Earthworks, 105, 117 Edda, Red Indian, 178 Egilsson, Sveinbiorn, 51 Eider ducks, 59 Eliot, Indian Bible of, 298 El Moro rock, 231 Emigrants to New York, 32; to Canada, 316 Engis cave, 359 Eric Saga, 165 Eric the Red, 41, 44, 52, 59, 62 Eries, 172, 177, 254, 277, 278, 294 Eriksson, Leif, 44, 49, 51, 53, 58, 59, 62, 71 Eriksson, Thorwald, 49, 54, 66 Erlendsson Hauk, 71 Eskimo: a typical Mongol, 17, 18; in Greenland, 43, 64; migrations of, 65; in Alaska, 66; implements of, 84; pedigree, 133; half-breed in Labrador, 144, 151; implements of, 152, 153, 159, 165, 204; and cave-men, 203; designs by, 213, 234, 240, 247, 248, 267, 272; cranium of, 274; powers of endurance, 323 Evans, Sir John, 81, 155 Ewaipanoma, 247 Eyrbyggja Saga, 70

Farish, Dr. J. G., 54, 55 Farms, allocation of, 328 Fijians, 192 Figuier, M., 193 Five Nations, the, 260, 275, 286, 289 Flathead Indians, 130, 312 Flint as a fire-producer, 81 Flint Ridge, 101, 102, 111 Flint River, 126 Flint-workers, 92 Flores, island, 74 Flower, Professor, 17, 18 Forbes, Edward, 216 Fort M’Leod, Alberta, 115 Foscolo, Ugo, 370, 374 Foster, Dr. J. W., 149, 179, 180 Fox, Colonel A. Lane, 92 Franklin, 379 Fredericksburg, 118 French half-breeds, 330 Frere John, 87, 88 Freydisa, 62, 68 Fuchs, pathologist, 376 Fuegians of Tierra del Fuego, 84 Furdustrandir, 59, 63

Gallatin, 173, 253, 256, 286, 295, 296, 298 Gama, Vasco da, voyage of, 9, 12 Gamlison Thorhall, 58 Ganton, flint flakes at, 95 Garcilasso de la Vega, 391 Garnett, Rev. Richard, 28 Garonne, valleys of, 150, 151 Garrison, W. Lloyd, 225 Gauss, the mathematician, 370, 376 Geikie, Professor, 154 Gellisson Thorkell, 51 Gesture-language, 229, 233, 235 Gibbs, General Alfred, 221 Gibbs, George, 227 Gilbert, Sir Humphrey, 50 Giles, Peter, 76 Gilmour, Rev. J., 330 Gold, first metal wrought, 35 Goheen, Dr., 362 Gold ornaments, 181, 212, 223, 388 Gomara, 74 Goodsir, Professor, 343, 375, 398 Gosse, Dr. L. A., 188 Grænlendingathàttr, 62 Grand river reserves, 306, 314, 316 Grapes, wild, of North America, 48, 53, 60, 62 Grave Creek Stone, 214 Grave mounds, 116 Grave-posts, pictured, 35 Graves, flint implements in, 95, 96 Greenland, 41, 43, 53, 60, 63, 65 Greenwell, Rev. Canon, 83, 93, 95, 96 _Grenlands Historiske Mindesmærker_, 40 Grimolfson Bjarne, 58 Grinnel Leads, 97 Grote, 376, 386 Grupson, Erik, 49 Gudleif, a Norse leader, 38 Gudrida, Karlsefne’s wife, 67 Guysborough, 53 Gwyneth, Owen, 38

Haidahs, of Queen Charlotte Islands, 90, 115, 116, 121, 130, 134, 138, 204, 207, 208, 209, 211, 393 Hake, the Scot, 58, 59, 60, 61 Haki, a Scot, 59, 60 Hakluyt, 50 Hale, Horatio, on currency in China, 22; grammar of the Hurons, 103; _Indian Migrations_, 140, 172, 235; _Iroquois Rites_, 237, 252, 253, 256, 263, 264, 268, 280, 287, 293, 296, 303 Half-breeds, 143, 144; powers of endurance, 323 Halliburton, R. G., 69 Hamilton, Sir. W., 380 Hamlet, quoted, 96 Hanno, voyage of, 9 Harkussen, 58, 60, 61 Harriot, 74 Harrison, Chief Justice, 376 _Hauks Vók_, 71 Hausmann, 376 Hawkins, Sir John, 50 Heinse, J. J. W., 371, 374 Helluland, 45, 52, 59, 62, 70 Henry the Navigator, 11 —— a traveller of last century, 143, 323 Herjulfson, Bjarni, 44, 60, 71 Hermann, 376, 386 Hiawatha, quoted, 265, 268 Hieroglyphics, Indian, 230, 231 Hind, Professor, 330 Hindoos, 397 Hittite capital, Ketesh, 30 Hoare, Sir R. C., 82, 83 Hochelaga, 221, 270, 272, 274, 275, 276, 278, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 293, 295 Hodges, Robert, 84 Hoffman, Dr. J. W., 195, 205, 210, 233 Holland, Sir Henry, 371 Holy Island, 42 Hóp, Mount Hope Bay, 60, 61, 63 Horetskey, Charles, 323 Horn, engraving on, 94, 197 Horsford, Professor E. N., 49 Hoxme, flint implements found at, 89 Huidœrk inscription, 57 Humboldt, 35, 169, 248, 260 Hunter, Archdeacon, 330, 331 Hurons, 65, 101, 176, 177, 224, 280, 318, 319 Huron-Iroquois, language of, 18, 64, 65, 66, 139, 172, 246 _et seq._ Huschke, 341, 364 Hutchinson, T. J., 390 Huxley, Professor, quoted, 248, 308, 340, 351, 352, 359, 374

Iceland, 41, 43, 44 Icelandic Sagas, 51, 70 Idols of the Haidah, 209 Igalikko runic monuments, 36 Ilium, 168 Illinois, 175 Incas, 389 Indians of California, money of, 23 Indian lodge, 211 Innuit designs, 213 Iroquois, 103, 106, 107, 172, 173, 175, 176, 177, 229, 234, 237, 244, 245, 316, 318 Isle de Bacchus, 53 —— of Orleans, 53 —— Royale, 116 Ivory, 94, 138, 151, 153, 197, 217

Jeffrey, Lord, 378 Jemez Indians, 232 Jones, Colonel C. C., 148, 180 Jossakeeds, 224 Jowett’s, Professor, _Dialogues of Plato_, quoted, 1 Jugs, double-necked, 223 Julian calendar, 34

Kablunet, 65 Kalapurgas, 227 Kane, Paul, 121, 130, 227, 228, 312, 324 —— Dr., 144, 323 Kanienga, 174 Karlsefne, Thorfinn, 41, 49, 58, 62, 63, 66, 67, 68, 71 Karlseven, 54 Keel-ness, 61 Keenan, Mr., 119 Kent’s Hole, 84 Kentucky skulls, 389 Kettle, stone, 84 Kewenaw peninsula, 106, 116 Khita or Hittites, 10 Kialarnes, 68 Kiatégamut Indians, 205 Kiawakaskaia, 226 Kingiktorsoak runic monuments, 36, 57 Kingsborough, Lord, 239 Kioosta village on Graham Island, 212 Kjalarnes, 53 Klaskane Indians, 130 Klikatat, 227 Kona, 65 Konegan, 66 Krossanes, 63

Labrador (Helluland), 62 La-crosse clubs, 224 Laennec, Dr., 347 La Jeune Lorette, 276 Lake-dwellings of Switzerland, 90 Lake Simcoe, 283 La Madeleine cave, 213 Lamb, Charles, quoted, 235 Lane, 74 Languages—Huron-Iroquois, 257, 281; Indian, 66, 255; Mohawk, 291; significance of, 15; of uncivilised races, 17 La Salle, 110, 269 Latham, Dr., 182, 248, 260, 263 Laugerie Basse, cave at, 206, 359 League of the Hodenosauneega, 174 Leavenworth, 111 Left-hand drawings, 197 Leidy, Professor Joseph, 89, 156 Le Moyne, Father, 278 Lenape, 172, 214, 229, 241, 269 Lenni-Lenape, 251 Les Eysies, cave of, 216 Lewis, Professor H. C., 99, 163 Lewis, Edmonia, 225 Lindsay, Sir David, 76 Lion from Marash, 30 Lion of Piræus, 30 Liston, Robert, 369 Little Falls, Minnesota, 148 Locke’s _Journal_, 176 Lombrive cave, 359 Longfellow, quoted, 178 Long, Major J. H., 123 Lorette, 275, 283, 295, 319 Los Ojos Calientes, 232 Lucae, Dr. J. C. Gustav, 371, 399 Lukins, Mr., 123 Lund, Dr., 148, 149 Luschan, Dr. F. von, 309 Lyell’s, Sir Charles, _Principles of Geology_, quoted, 6, 145, 154 Lynx or wild cat, 177

Macaulay, Lord, 378 M’Dowell, Dr., 362 MacEnery, J., 147 Mackenzie, Major Colin, 83 Macrocephali, 363 Madoc, a Welsh prince, 38 Maeshowe, Orkney, 30, 42 Magnusen, Finn, 51 Malay race, 192 Malformation, artificial, 24 Mammoth, bones of, 88; carvings of, 213, 217 Mandans, 175 Mangue language, 28 Manhattans, 269 Manitoba, 184 Maps, earliest, 53 —— by Rafn, 62 —— of Vinland, 49 Marchand’s voyage, 208 Markham, Mr., 391 Markland, 57, 59, 69 Martin, Hugh, 240 Martineau, Harriet, 352 Mascagni, 362, 385 Massat, cave of, 216 Massénat, M., 215 Mayas, 13, 25, 31, 387 Meigs, Dr. J. Aitken, 247, 395, 396, 402 Melanochroi or dark whites, 308 _Mémoires de la Société Royale des Antiquaires du Nord_, 51 Mentone, skeleton found at, 359 Mercer, H. C., 214 Metallurgy, American, 35 Metis, the, 311 Mexican calendar, 33, 169 —— sculptured monuments, 39 —— terra-cotta human masks, 215 Mexicans, 190 Mexico, ruins of, 137 Micmacs, 55, 64, 65, 125, 242, 318, 319 Middleton, General, 334 Miller, Joaquin, 325 Millicet Indians, 55, 65 Milton’s _Paradise Lost_, 50 Minsi, 175 Mississagas, 318 Missouries, 274 Moccasins, 224 Mohawks, 174, 253, 264, 289, 290, 294, 297, 299, 302, 305, 314, 318 Money, Origin of Primitive, 22 Montgomery’s _Greenland_ epic, 46 More, Sir Thomas, 75, 76, 77 Morgan, Hon. L. H., 174, 265, 285 Moro rock, 230 Morris, Hon. Alexander, 326, 327 —— William, quoted, 37, 71 Morton, Dr., 247, 261, 337, 344, 345, 348, 362, 365, 366, 371, 387, 392, 395, 396, 397, 400, 402 Mound builders, 102, 103, 104, 108, 167, 214, 215, 267, 270, 273 Mount Hope Bay, 46 Müller, Professor Max, 19, 266, 290, 291 Munch, Professor, 51 Musical instruments in the form of animals, 222 Muskogees, 106, 173, 286

Naaman’s Creek, rock shelter, 99 Nanticokes, 254, 269 Nantucket, 45 Napoleon, 376, 377 Narraganset Bible, 28 Nasquallie, 312 Natchez, 103, 106, 173 Naticokes, 175 Navajo Expedition, 230, 231 Neanderthal skull, 354, 359, 373 Neepigon River, 119, 121, 236, 351 Negroes, brain-weights of, 362, 363, 385, 395 Neolithians, 309 Newark earthworks, 102 Newatees, 130, 312 New England, 64 Newfoundland, 53 New Jersey, old implement-maker at, 90, 98 New Orleans, skeleton of, 161 Newport in Narragansett Bay, 79 “Nina,” the, 75 Nipissing, Lake, 125 Nisqually, 227 Nootkas, 134, 227 North Fork, 117 Norumbega, ancient city of, 50 Nott, Dr. J. C., 247, 375 Nottawa saga, 304 Nottoways, 253, 296, 305 Nova Scotia, 45, 47, 53, 54, 59, 61, 64

Oar, with runic inscription, 43 Ohio Holy Stone, 214 Ohio Valley, earthworks of, 38, 101 Ojibways, 206, 242, 243, 245, 252, 257, 268 Oka, 306 Olaf, the Saint, 37 O’Meara, Rev. Dr., 236 Oneidas, 174, 253, 264, 285, 286, 289, 294, 297, 305, 318 Onondagas, chief, 178, 237, 253, 260, 264, 278, 286, 289, 294, 305, 318 Ontonagon, 116 Orang, brain of, 340 Orinoco River, 72 Oronhyatekha, Dr., 296, 298, 302 Osages, 274 Otouacha, 275 Ottawas, 318 Ottoes, 274 Owen, Professor, 339, 346, 348

Pabahmesad, the old Chippewa, 224 Pacasset River, 46, 62 Paisley Block, 101 Palenque, sculptured tablets, 34, 35 Parker, Rev. Samuel, 227 Parkman, Francis, 248, 262, 275, 278 Patagonians of Tierra del Fuego, 84 Paton, Sir Noel, 197 Patterson, George, 126 Pattison, Rev. Mark, _note_ 228 Pavloff, Ivan, 324 Peacock, Dr., 343, 362, 367, 377, 381 Peat mosses of Denmark and Ireland, 90 Pequot, 320 Perkins, Mr., 179, 180 Peruvian, natives, 190; pottery, 215; skulls, 387, 388; crania, 395 Petun Indians, 101 Philadelphia gravel beds, 99 Phillips, H., jun., 57, 59, 60 Phœnician, Cadmus, 35 Picard, Paul, 295, 296 Pickering, Dr. Charles, 24, 227, 260 Pictou harbour, 54 Picture-writing, 33, 40, 233, 238, 239, 244 Pierce, William, 320 “Pinta,” the, 75 Piræus, lion of, 42 Plato’s _Critias_, quoted, 1, 2, 75 Point Oken, 122 Population, and number of villages, 275; coloured, 311, 318, 324, 329 Porpoise, brain of, 341 Port Dover, implements at, 101 Potomac, rock at the, 57 Pottawattomies, 318 Pottery, 153, 167, 168, 171, 189, 192, 194, 218, 219, 220, 240, 262, 267, 271, 273, 282, 388 Powell, York, 62 Powhattan, 269 Pre-Aryan Man, 130 _et seq._ Pre-Columbian America, Copenhagen volume on, 43, 131; intercourse between Europe and America, 7 Prescott, 285 Prestwich, Professor, 162 Pritchard, Dr., 16 _Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society_, 57 Pruner-Bey, Dr., 356, 402 Pueblo Indians, 190, 231, 236, 240, 244, 299

Quebec and the Huron Indians, 251 Quichuas, 387, 389; skulls, 398 Quiriqua sculptured tablets, 34

Race-types, 18 Rae, Dr., 144 Rafn, Professor Christian, 40, 46, 47, 51, 52, 61, 78 Ragnvald, Earl, 42 Rainy River, 126 Raleigh, 74, 77 Rand, Rev. Silas T., 242, 319 Rau, Charles, 118, 119, 180 Red Lake Indians, 327 Red River, 328, 330, 334 Reeve of Anderdon, 321 Reeves’ _The Finding of Wineland the Good_, 49, 51, 52, 71 Reid, Dr., 385 Reindeer’s horn, engraving on, 215 Rhode Island, 52, 54, 60, 61, 62, 78 Riel, Louis, 334 Rink, Dr. Henry, 18, 66, 144 Rites, revolting, 282 Riverview Cemetery, 118 Rocky Dell Creek, 231 Rolleston, Dr., 353, 361 Rosehill, Lord, 82 Royal Society of Canada, 60 Rune-stones, 42 Runic inscriptions, 42, 131 Russians in Alaska, 323

Sa∫∫atannen, Rev. P. W., 275 Sachem, chief, 177 Saco, 53 Saga of Barthar Snæfellsass, 70 Saga of Eric the Red, 71 Saga of Halfdan Eysteinsson, 70 Sagard, 296 St. Brandon, Island of, 37 St. Charles river reserves, 306, 316, 318 St. John, New Brunswick, 53 St. Mansuy, 354 St. Molio’s Cave on the Clyde, 30 St. Olaf, 44 St. Peter Indians, 328 St. Regis, 306 Saline River, 108 Salmon River, 54, 115 San Esteban, convent of, 73 Sankey, Dr., 343 Saulteux, 328 Savannahs, 274 Schaaffhausen, Professor, 354 Schiller, 375, 376 Schliemann, Dr., 136 Schmerling, Dr., 359 Schumacher, Paul, 112 Scioto-mound skull, 273 Scott, Sir Walter, brain of, 355, 368, 374 Sculptured figures, 23; monuments of Mexico, Central America, and Peru, 39 Seal hunting, 65 Sea-rovers, literary memorials of, 11 Selkirk, Lord, 328 Sellers, G. E., 106, 107, 109, 122, 123 Seminoles, 274 Senecas, 253, 264, 276, 277, 278, 280, 281, 289, 294, 295, 305, 318 Seven Islands, the, 37 Shakespeare, brain of, 355 Shaler, Professor, 98, 99 Shawnees, 101, 175, 240, 241, 269, 274 Sheep, mountain, 115 Shell, mounds, British and Danish, 90; workers of the Caribbees, 94; ornaments on, 195 Ships of the Norse rovers, 12 Short, J. T., 180 Shoshones, 89, 97, 156 Sigurd, King of Norway, 42 Simpson, Lieut. James K., 230, 231, 232 Simpson, Sir James Y., 375, 376, 378, 385 Sioux, 120, 175, 178, 312, 325, 326, 327, 329, 333 Six Nation Indians, 143, 174, 176, 254, 256, 263, 264, 283, 289, 290, 301, 305, 314, 316, 318 Skrælings, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 69, 157, 165 Skulls, Mound-Builders, 105; cave-men, 153; Red Indian, 161; comparison of, 187; capacity, 261; Canadian, 274; Huron, 279; table of cubical capacity, 366 Smith, Captain John, 269 Smith, Dr. Southwood, 352 Snorrason, Thorbrand, 68 Snorre, 67 Snovri, 41 Snow Bird, 243 Snow-shoes, 224 Sœmmering, Professor, 380 Solon, 3, 75, 361 Soto, Dr., 103, 104 Southey, quoted, 38 Spenser, Edmund, quoted, 77 Spider Islands in Lake Winnipeg, 101 Spurzheim, Dr., 376 Squier, E. G., 118, 243, 388, 390, 396 Squier and Davis’ _Ancient Monuments_, 117, 180 Stadaconé, 274, 275, 280, 283 Ste-nah, capture of, 315 Stephens’ _Old Northern Runic Monuments_, 42, 56 Stirling, whale at, 199 Stone implements, 82, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 95, 97, 110, 111, 112, 116, 118, 122, 126, 147, 152, 153, 157, 167, 224, 262, 271; manufacture of, 88-92, 122, 124 Stone ornaments, 125, 214 Storm, Professor Gustav, 45, 46, 51, 52, 53 Straumey (Stream Isle), 59 Straumfiordr (Stream Firth), 59, 63, 68 Stuart, Rev. Dr., 290 Sturluson, Snorro, 78 Sun-worshippers, 103 Survey, Government, 326, 327 Susquehannocks, 175, 269 Swampies, 328, 329 Swan, James G., 211, 212 Symbols of the clans, 210