Part 1

Transcriber's Note:

Notes and lists in smaller type in the original have been indented two spaces.

Illustrations on separate plates have been incorporated in the text.

Small capitals have been replaced by full capitals, italics are indicated by _underscores_, and "oe" ligatures have been removed.

Apparent typographical errors have been corrected. The use of hyphens is not always consistent.

THE

Lives of the Saints

REV. S. BARING-GOULD

_SIXTEEN VOLUMES_

VOLUME THE SECOND

THE

Lives of the Saints

BY THE

REV. S. BARING-GOULD, M.A.

New Edition in 16 Volumes

Revised with Introduction and Additional Lives of English Martyrs, Cornish and Welsh Saints, and a full Index to the Entire Work

_ILLUSTRATED BY OVER 400 ENGRAVINGS_

VOLUME THE SECOND

February

LONDON JOHN C. NIMMO 14 KING WILLIAM STREET, STRAND MDCCCXCVII

_Printed by_ BALLANTYNE, HANSON & CO _At the Ballantyne Press_

CONTENTS

A PAGE S. Abraham 298 " Adalbald 41 " Adelheid 140 " Adeloga 42 " Æmilian 212 " Agatha 136 " Aldetrudis 413 " Alexander 433 " Alnoth 448 " Amandus 182 SS. Ananias and comp. 412 S. Andrew Corsini 105 " Angilbert 337 " Ansbert 246 " Anskar 56 " Apollonia 231 " Aristion 366 " Athracta 236 " Augulus 190 " Auxentius 299 " Auxibius 339 " Aventine of Chateaudun 86 " Aventine of Troyes 84 " Avitus 138

B

S. Baldomer 447 " Baradatus 368 " Barbatus 342 " Belina 344 " Benedict of Aniane 284 " Berach 307 " Berlinda 50 " Bertulf 139 " Besas 442 " Blaise 47 " Boniface, Lausanne 343 " Bridget 14 " Bruno 304

C

S. Cæsarius 412 " Castor 289 " Catharine de Ricci 295 " Ceadmon 272 " Celerina 46 SS. Celerinus and comp. 46 " Charalampius and comp. 248 S. Chronion 442 " Chrysolius 189 " Clara of Rimini 256 SS. Claudius and comp. 329 " Constantia and comp. 330 S. Cornelius of Rome. 314 " Cornelius the Cent. 38 " Cuthman 220

D

S. Damian 376 " Darlugdach 22 SS. Dionysius and others 212 S. Dionysius (Augsburg) 432 " Dorothy 176 " Dositheus 378

E

S. Earcongotha 382 " Eleutherius 350 " Elfleda 214 SS. Elias and others 314 S. Ephraem, Syrian 7 " Ermenilda 292 " Ethelbert 406 " Ethelwold 283 " Eubulus 449 " Eucher 355 " Eulalia 276 " Euphrosyne 264 " Eusebius 306

F

SS. Faustinus and Jovita 305 S. Finan 325 " Fintan 324 " Flavian 331 " Fortchern 321 " Fortunatus 47 " Fulcran 294 SS. Fusca and Maura 286

G

S. Gabinius 340 " Gelasius, Boy 83 " Gelasius, Actor at Heliopolis 443 " George of Amastris 363 " Georgia 306 SS. German and Randoald 361 S. Gilbert 99 " Gregory II. (Pope) 293

H

S. Hadelin 49 " Honestus 313 " Honorina 444 " Hrabanus Maurus 91

I

S. Ignatius, Antioch 1 " Ignatius, Africa 46 " Ina 186 " Indract and comp. 140 " Isaias 314 " Isidore 84

J

S. Jeremias 314 " Joan of Valois 109 " John de Britto 112 " John of the Grate 26 " John of Matha 226 " John William 255 " Jonas the Gardener 263 " Joseph of Leonissa 111 " Jovita 305 " Julian of Cæsarea 320 " Julian in Africa 395 " Julian, Alexandria 442 " Juliana 316 " Juventius 211

L

S. Laurence, Cant. 39 " Laurence, the Illuminator 49 " Laurentinus 46 " Lazarus, B. Milan 264 " Lazarus, Constantinople 386 " Leander 445 " Licinius 292 " Limnæus 367 SS. Loman and Fortchern 321 S. Lucius 395

M

SS. Mael and others 178 S. Mansuetus 341 " Margaret of Cortona 371 " Mariamne 318 " Martha 373 " Martian 289 Martyrs at Alexandria 449 " in Arabia 367 " of Japan 141 " of Ebbecksdorf 45 S. Matthias, Ap. 393 " Maura 286 SS. Maurice and comp. 358 S. Maximian 369 " Maximus 329 " Mary, B. V., Purification of 34 " Melchu 178 " Meldan 193 " Meletius 278 " Mengold 220 " Milburgh 382 " Mildred 354 " Modan 91 " Modomnoc 291 SS. Montanus and comp. 395 " Moses and others 192 S. Moses of Syria 376 " Mun 178

N

S. Nestor 430 " Nicephorus 233 " Nicolas 92 " Nithard 56 SS. Nymphas and Eubulus 449

O

S. Odran 341 " Olcan 349 " Onesimus 312 " Oswald, York 455

P

S. Papias 366 " Parthenius 191 " Paula 348 " Paul of Verdun 213 " Pepin 360 " Peter Cambian 45 " Peter Damiani 387 " Peter's Chair at Antioch 365 SS. Phileas and others 80 S. Photinus 358 SS. Pionius and comp. 5 S. Polychronius, B. M. 319 " Polychronius, H. 376 " Polyeuctus 287 " Porphyrius 434 " Prætextatus 402 " Priamianus 376 " Proterius 451 Purification of B. V. Mary 34

R

S. Randoald 361 " Raymond of Fitero 29 " Rembert 98 " Richard 194 " Rioch 178 " Robert of Arbrissel 426 " Romanus 452 " Romuald 194

S

S. Sabine 241 " Saturninus 259 " Scholastica 250 " Sebastian 212 " Serenus 374 " Sergius 402 " Severus (Avranches) 23 " Severus (Ravenna) 12 " Severus (Valeria) 306 " Sigebert 24 " Sigfried 310 " Simeon 328 " Soteris 248 " Stephen of Grandmont 224 " Sura 252 " Susanna 246 " Symphorian 451

T

S. Tanco 317 " Taraghta 236 " Tarasius 416 " Teilo 238 SS. Thalassius and Limnæus 367 S. Thalelæus 444 " Theodora, Empress 275 " Theodore of Apamea 358 " Theodore of Heraclea 190 SS. Theodulus and Julian 320 S. Theophilus, Penitent 88 " Tresan 192 SS. Tyrannio and comp. 346

V

S. Valentine 296 " Vedast 179 " Verdiana 31 " Veronica 73 " Victor 410 SS. Victor and Susanna 246 " Victorinus and comp. in Egypt 410 S. Vitalina 359

W

S. Walburga 414 " Walfrid 309 " Werburga 52 " William of Maleval 253 " Wulfric 356

Z

S. Zabdas 341 " Zacharias (Jerusalem) 359 SS. Zebinus and others 376 S. Zeno 249

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

THE REPOSE IN EGYPT, WITH DANCING ANGELS _Frontispiece_ _After_ LUCA CRANACH.

MARTYRDOM OF S. IGNATIUS _to face p._ 2 _From the "Menologium Græcorum."_

S. EPHRAEM " 8 _After_ CAHIER.

S. BRIDGET " 16 _After_ CAHIER.

TOMB OF JOSHUA _on p._ 33 _The Greek Menology_.

PURIFICATION OF S. MARY THE VIRGIN _to face p._ 34 _From the Great Vienna Missal._

THE FLIGHT INTO EGYPT " 36 _After_ FRA ANGELICO.

S. BLAISE " 48 _From_ CAHIER.

S. WERBURGA " 52 _From_ CAHIER.

S. GILBERT, PRIOR OF SEMPRINGHAM _to face p._ 104 _From a Drawing by_ A. WELBY PUGIN.

S. VERONICA (_see p. 73_) _on p._ 135

SS. AGNES, CECILIA, AND DOROTHY _to face p._ 176 _After_ ANGELICA DE FIESOLE.

S. AMANDUS (_see p. 184_) _on p._ 188

S. RICHARD THE SAXON AND HIS SONS _to face p._ 192 _From_ CAHIER.

FAMILY OF S. RICHARD THE SAXON " 194 _From a Drawing by_ A. WELBY PUGIN.

A LEARNED DOCTOR AND CHURCH HISTORIAN _on p._ 210

AN ENTHUSIASTIC COLLECTOR OF SAINTLY LEGENDS " 230

S. EUPHROSYNE, FINDING HERSELF AT DEATH'S DOOR, MAKES HERSELF KNOWN TO HER FATHER _to face p._ 272 _From the "Menologium Græcorum" of_ CARDINAL ALBANI.

THE PAPERMAKER _on p._ 285

AN EARLY RELIQUARY _to face p._ 318

S. AGATHA (_see p. 136_) _on p._ 338

THE PRINTER " 357

S. MARGARET CORTONA _to face p._ 370 _From_ CAHIER.

THE BOOKBINDER _on p._ 372

S. MILBURGH _to face p._ 384 _After_ CAHIER.

BEHEADING OF S. MATTHIAS " 392 _From_ CAHIER.

WINDOW IN THE CATHEDRAL AT TOURS (VIRGIN WITH ANGELS) " 408

ENAMELLED CHEST WHICH CONTAINED THE REMAINS OF KING ETHELBERT " 408

S. WALBURGA " 414 _From_ CAHIER.

LIVES OF THE SAINTS.

February 1.

SS. CÆCILIUS, _B. of Elvira_, AND COMPANIONS, _MM. in Spain, 1st cent._ S. IGNATIUS, _B. of Antioch, M. at Rome_, A.D. 107. SS. PIONIUS AND COMPANIONS, _MM. at Smyrna_, A.D. 251. S. EUBERT, _B. of Lisle, 4th cent._ S. EPHRAEM SYRUS, _D. C. at Edessa_, A.D. 378. SS. SEVERUS, _B._, VINCENTIA _his wife, and_ INNOCENTIA, _V., their daughter, at Ravenna, end of 4th cent._ S. PAUL, _B. of Trois-Chateaux in France, beginning of 5th cent._ S. PETER THE GALATIAN, _M. at Antioch in Syria, 5th cent._ S. KINNEA, _V. in Ireland, 5th cent._ S. BRIDGET, _V. Abs. at Kildare_, A.D. 525. S. DARLUGDACH, _V. at Kildare_, A.D. 526. S. SEVERUS, _B. of Avranches, 6th cent._ S. PRÆCORDIUS, _P. at Corbie, 6th cent._ S. SORUS, _H. at Perigeux, 6th cent._ SS. AGRIPANUS, _B._, AND URSICINUS, _MM. at Le Puy, after_ A.D. 650. S. SIGEBERT III., _K. C. at Metz_, A.D. 656. B. WOLFHOLD, _P. at Hohenwast in Bavaria, after_ A.D. 1100. S. JOHN OF THE GRATE, _B. of S. Malo_, A.D. 1163. S. RAYMOND, _of Fitero, A.C., Founder of the Order of Calatrava_, A.D. 1163. S. VERDIANA, _V. R. at Castel Fiorentino, in Tuscany_, A.D. 1242.

S. IGNATIUS, B. M.

(A.D. 107.)

[S. Ignatius is commemorated variously, on June 10th, Oct. 8th, Nov. 24th, Dec. 14th or 19th; but by the Roman Martyrology his festival is fixed for Feb. 1st. In the Bruges and Treves Martyrologies, his commemoration was placed on Jan. 31st, so as not to interfere with that of S. Bridget on this day. The authorities for his life and passion are his own genuine Epistles, the Acts of his martyrdom, Eusebius, and S. Chrysostom's Homily on S. Ignatius.]

Saint Ignatius was a convert and disciple of S. John the Evangelist. He was appointed by S. Peter to succeed Evodius in the see of Antioch, and he continued in his bishopric full forty years. He received the name of Theophorus, or one who carries God with him. In his Acts, Trajan is said to have asked him why he had the surname of God-bearing, and he answered, because he bore Christ in his heart.[1]

Socrates, in his "Ecclesiastical History," says, "We must make some allusion to the origin of the custom in the Church of singing hymns antiphonally. Ignatius, third bishop of Antioch in Syria from the apostle Peter, who also had conversed familiarly with the apostles themselves, saw a vision of angels, hymning in alternate chants the Holy Trinity; after which he introduced this mode of singing into the Antiochian Church, whence it was transmitted by tradition to all the other churches."[2]

It seems probable that Evodius vacated the see of Antioch about the year 70. There are traditions that represent Evodius to have been martyred; and Josephus speaks of a disturbance in Antioch about that period, which was the cause of many Jews being put to death.[3] There is a difficulty in supposing S. Peter to have appointed Ignatius bishop of Antioch, if he did not succeed Evodius till the year 70. But it is probable, that later writers have confounded the appointment of Ignatius to the see of Antioch, with his consecration to the episcopal office; and it is highly probable that he received this from the hands of the Prince of the Apostles.

The date of the martyrdom of Ignatius can be fixed with tolerable certainty as occurring in the year 107. The Acts expressly state that Trajan was then at Antioch, and that Sura and Senecio were consuls: two events, which will be found to meet only in the year 107.

Trajan made his entry into Antioch in January; his first concern was to examine into the state of religion there, and the Christians were denounced to him as bringers-in of strange gods. Ignatius was brought before him, and boldly confessed Christ to be God. "Dost thou mean Him who was crucified?" asked the emperor, scornfully. Ignatius answered, "The very same, Who by His death overcame sin, and enabled those who bear Him in their hearts to trample under foot all the power of the devils."

Then Trajan ordered him to be taken to Rome, and exposed to wild beasts in the amphitheatre. It was generally a distinction reserved for Roman citizens, that if they had committed an offence in the provinces, they were sent for punishment to the capital. This, however, does not appear to have been the reason in the case of Ignatius. The punishment to which he was condemned was generally reserved for culprits of the lowest condition; and the Christians were perhaps viewed in this light by the heathen. Ecclesiastical history has scarcely preserved a more interesting and affecting narrative, than that of the journey of Ignatius from Antioch to Rome. In tracing the procession of the martyr to his final triumph, we forget that we are reading of a prisoner who was dragged to his death in chains. He was committed to a guard of ten soldiers, who appear to have treated him with severity; and, after taking ship at Seleucia, they landed for a time at Smyrna. He had here the gratification of meeting with Polycarp, who was bishop of that see, and who, like himself, had enjoyed a personal acquaintance with S. John. His arrival also excited a sensation through the whole of Asia Minor. Onesimus, bishop of Ephesus; Polybius, bishop of Tralles; and Demas, bishop of Magnesia, came from their respective cities, with a deputation of their clergy, to visit the venerable martyr. Ignatius took the opportunity of writing from Smyrna to the Churches over which these bishops presided; and his epistles to the Ephesians, Trallians, and Magnesians, are still extant. Hearing also of some Ephesians, who were going to Rome, and who were likely to arrive there more expeditiously than himself, he addressed a letter to the Church in that city. His principal object in writing was to prevent any attempt which the Roman Christians might have made to procure a reprieve from the death which was awaiting him. He expresses himself not only willing, but anxious, to meet the wild beasts in the amphitheatre; and there never, perhaps, was a more perfect pattern of resignation than that which we find in this letter.

From Smyrna he proceeded to Troas, where he was met by some of the neighbouring bishops, and the bishop of Philadelphia became the bearer of a letter which he wrote to the Christians in that city. He also wrote from the same place to the Church of Smyrna; and the personal regard which he had for Polycarp, the bishop of that see, will explain why he also wrote to him, and made it his dying request that he would attend to the Church of Antioch. These seven epistles, which were written by Ignatius from Smyrna and Troas, are still extant.

It appears that Ignatius had intended to write letters to some other Churches, from Troas; but his guards were impatient to proceed, and once more setting sail, they followed the course which S. Paul had taken upon his first journey into Greece, and landed at Neapolis. Hurrying through Macedonia, he embarked once more on the western coast of Epirus, and crossing the Adriatic, arrived at Rome. There was now an exhibition of games, which lasted some days; and it seems to have been intended that the death of Ignatius should form part of the spectacle. The voyage had been hurried on this account; and on the last day of the games, which was the 19th December, the holy martyr was led into the amphitheatre, and his death seems to have been the work of a moment. In his letter to the Roman Church, he had prayed that the wild beasts might despatch him speedily, and not refuse to touch him, as had sometimes been the case. His prayer was heard; and the Christians of Rome, who had thought themselves blessed to have even seen the apostolic bishop of Antioch among them, had now to pick up a few of the larger and harder bones, which was all that the wild beasts had spared. These were carried to Antioch, and it is evidence of the great reverence at that early age shown to the relics of the saints, that the same honours were paid to the sacred relics as had been paid to the holy martyr himself, when he touched at the different cities. The friends of Ignatius speak of his remains as "an invaluable treasure;" and as such they were deposited near one of the gates in the suburbs of Antioch.

The relics of S. Ignatius were retranslated to Rome, and are dispersed among several of the churches of the city. The head, however, is in the possession of the Jesuits of Prague.

SS. PIONIUS, P. AND COMPANIONS, MM.

(A.D. 251.)

[Roman and many ancient Martyrologies on this day. The Greeks on March 11th; the Martyrology attributed to S. Jerome, on March 12th. Authorities:--The genuine Acts of these martyrs, and the brief account in Eusebius, lib. iv. c. 15.]