The Life of Napoleon Bonaparte. Vol. 3 (of 4)

Diplomatic Fencing with Russia -- Caulaincourt and Rumianzoff -- Plight of the Czar -- Napoleon and the Papacy -- The Pope a Prisoner -- The House of Braganza -- Partition of Po...

[Footnote 19: References as before, and Mahan: Influence of Sea Power upon the French Revolution and Empire. Loir: Etudes d'histoire maritime. Clowes: The Royal Navy. Stanhope:...

[Footnote 24: See Yorck: Napoleon als Feldherr. Correspondence of Napoleon, vols. 17 and 18. Ducasse: Les rois freres de Napoleon Ier. Krones: Geschichte Oesterreich im Zeitalte...

[Footnote 16: See Blanc: Napoleon Ier. Taine: Le regime moderne. Pasquier: Memoires, Histoire de mon temps. Meneval: Napoleon et Marie-Louise. V^te de Broc: La vie en France sou...

[Footnote 21: See Baumgarten: Geschichte Spaniens vom Ausbruch der Franzoesischen Revolution bis auf unsere Tage. Manini: Historia de la marina real espanola. Arteche y Maro: Gu...

Strategic Preliminaries -- Final Orders -- The Defensive Plan of Austria -- Berthier's Failure -- Napoleon's Arrival at Donauwoerth -- The Height of Napoleon's Ability -- The Au...

The State of France -- Remedies Proposed by the Emperor -- Napoleon's Self-Indulgence -- Perplexities of both Combatants in Poland -- Opening of the Campaign -- Heilsberg -- Fri...

[Footnote 8: For the years of the Franco-Russian alliance the French archives contain a wealth of documentary material: regular despatches, verbatim reports of conversations bet...

The Marchfeld -- Tactics of the Two Armies -- The Battle in Aspern and Essling -- The Indecisive Result -- Napoleon's Retreat -- Character of the Battle -- Discontent in the Fre...

[Footnote 13: References: Jauffret: Memoires historiques sur les affaires ecclesiastiques de France pendant les premieres annees du XIXe siecle. Thorsoe: Den danske Statspolitis...

[Footnote 47: References: Haussonville: L'Eglise romaine et le premier empire. de Pradt: Les quatre concordats. de Fallois: L'Empereur Napoleon Ier et le Pape Pie VII. Seche: Le...

[Footnote 11: References as before. Further: Lefebvre: Histoire des cabinets de l'Europe. Tatistcheff: Alexandre Ier et Napoleon. Ranke: Hardenberg und die Geschichte des Preuss...

Condition of Affairs after Bautzen -- The Armistice of Poischwitz -- Austria's New Terms -- Napoleon's Reliance on his Dynastic Influence -- Intervention of British Agents -- Na...

[Footnote 48: References: Fain: Manuscrit de l'an 1813. Mueffling: Aus meinem Leben. Bade: Napoleon im Jahre 1813. Schimpf: 1813; Napoleon in Sachsen. Foucart: Bautzen une batai...

Napoleon's Preparations -- His Clever Strategy -- The Plan Discovered by the Russians -- The Armies at Eylau -- Failure of Napoleon's Tactics -- The Battle Indecisive -- The Fre...

Measures of Ecclesiastical Procedure -- Reforms in the Church -- Napoleon as Suzerain of the Pope -- Methods of Defying the Continental System -- Measures to Enforce it -- Rearr...

Estrangement of France and Russia -- Premonitions of War -- Alexander's Secret Policy -- The Various Factors in the Situation -- Bernadotte -- The Eve of a General Conflagration...

[Footnote 42: References: Tatistcheff: Alexandre Ier et Napoleon. Czartoryski: Memoirs. De Chambray: Oeuvres. Segur: La campagne de Russie. Labaume: Relation circonstanciee de l...

[Footnote 34: See Welschinger: Le Divorce de Napoleon. Vandal: Napoleon et Alexandre Ier, Vol. II, Le second mariage de Napoleon. Correspondance de Marie Louise 1799-1847. Lettr...

[Footnote 27: See Fischer: Goethe und Napoleon. Pingaud: Bernadotte, Napoleon et les Bourbons. Rose: Napoleonic Studies. Bernhardi: Geschichte Russlands und der europaeischen Po...

[Footnote 44: References as in the preceding chapter. Also: Cathcart: Commentaries on the War in Russia and Germany, 1812 to 1813. Clausewitz: Der Feldzug von 1812 in Russland,...

[Footnote 43: References: Marguerou: Campagne de Russie, specially part III. Bertin: La campagne de 1812 d'apres des temoins oculaires. Mosbach: Der Uebergang ueber die Beresina...

Poland and the Poles -- The Seat of War -- Change in the Character of Napoleon's Army -- The Battle of Pultusk -- Discontent in the Grand Army -- Homesickness of the French -- N...

[Footnote 32: See Majol de Lupe: Fournier: Gentz und der Friede von Schoenbrunn in Deutsche Rundschau, tom. 44. Un pape prisonnier a Savone, d'apres des documents inedits. In Le...

War Between Great Britain and the United States -- Napoleon Renews his Strength -- His Administrative Measures -- Social Forces and Political Results -- Ideas of Peace -- The Mi...

[Footnote 29: See Metternich: Nachgelassene Papiere (English translation as Memoirs). Mazade: Alexandre Ier et le Prince Czartoryski. Duncker: Friedr. Wilhelm im Jahre 1809. Ran...

[Footnote 39: References: Bernhardi, Geschichte Russlands, II. Ranke, Hardenberg u. Preussen (vol. 48 of his complete works, 1879). Lefebvre, Histoire des Cabinets de l'Europe....

[Footnote 45: References: Bertin, La campagne de 1812, d'apres des temoins oculaires. Du Casse, Memoires a l'histoire de la campagne de 1812 en Russie. Exner, Der Antheil der Ko...

[Footnote 28: See Jomini: Napoleon, III. Cevallos: Exposicion de los hechos y maquinaciones que han preparado la usurpation de la corona de Espana, y los medios que el emperador...

[Footnote 38: References as before, and Helfert: Marie Louise. Welschinger: La censure sous le premier empire. Wertheimer: Die Heirat der Erzherzogin Marie Louise mit Napoleon I...

[Footnote 41: References: Bittard des Portes: Les preliminaires de l'entrevue d'Erfurt (1808). In Revue d'histoire diplomatique, tom. IV, pp. 95-144. Sklower: Entrevue de Napole...

The Bayonne and Rambouillet Decrees -- Fouche Replaced by Savary -- Abdication of King Louis -- Conduct of Louis and Lucien -- Holland Incorporated into the Empire -- Napoleon's...

Napoleon's Explanations to Alexander -- His New Manner -- Sad Plight of Josephine -- The Divorce Announced and Confirmed by the Senate -- Negotiations for the Czar's Sister -- N...

Napoleon's Plans for Spain -- Character of the Troops Sent Thither -- Conflicting Policies in England -- The Battle of Busaco -- The Lines of Torres Vedras -- Soult's Dilatorine...

by offensive operations. If Massena had opened a bombardment from the opposite bank, its inhabitants would have risen in rebellion against the English general. The opposition pa...