CHAPTER I. Fall of the Ecclesiastical-Civil States in

Germany--Character of Their Rulers--The Electors of Cologne in the Eighteenth Century--Joseph Clemens--Clemens August--Max Friedrich--Incidents and Achievements in Their Reigns--The Electoral Courts and Their Music--Earliest Records of the Beethovens in the Rhineland--Musical Culture in Bonn at the Time of Ludwig van Beethoven’s Birth--Operatic Repertories--Christian Gottlob Neefe--Appearance of the City 1