Chapter xi. is mainly devoted to an account of "The Lady-in-Chief

(Miss Nightingale).

1881

(28) _Narrative of Personal Experiences and Impressions during a Residence on the Bosphorus throughout the Crimean War._ By Lady Alicia Blackwood. London: Hatchard, 1881.

The narrative of one of Miss Nightingale's helpers (see Vol. I. p. 197).

1886

(29) _Life and Work of the 7th Earl of Shaftesbury._ By Edwin Hodder. 3 vols. (1886), popular ed. 1 vol. (1887).

This contains some references to the Crimean war, pp. 503 _seq._, and letters from F. N., 505, 581.

1887

(30) Mohl. _Letters and Recollections of Julius and Mary Mohl._ By M. C. M. Simpson. Kegan, Paul & Co., 1887.

Several references to Miss Nightingale ("F----"); also Lady Verney's recollections, cited at Vol. I. p. 21.

1895

(31) _Das Rote Kreuz_, No. 23, 1895. Published at Bern. At pp. 206-209 an article by Dr. Jordy, of Bern, on "Miss Florence Nightingale, the First Pioneer of the Red Cross," with a letter from her dated September 4, 1872.

The letter was of thanks for a Paper read by M. Dunant in London on the work of the Red Cross (see Vol. II. p. 205).

(32) _The Life and Correspondence of Sir Bartle Frere._ By John Martineau. 2 vols. John Murray, 1895.

Contains some letters from Miss Nightingale.

(33) _The Story of the Highland Brigade in the Crimea._ Founded on letters written 1854-56 by Lieut.-Colonel Anthony Stirling. Remington & Co., 1895.

The importance of this book for an understanding of Miss Nightingale's work is pointed out at Vol. I. p. 167.

1897

(34) _Life and Letters of Benjamin Jowett._ By Evelyn Abbott and Lewis Campbell. 2 vols. John Murray, 1897.

This contains extracts from a large number of Mr. Jowett's letters to Miss Nightingale (though not so stated), as well as occasional references to her.

1900

(35) Howe. _Reminiscences: 1819-1899._ By Julia Ward Howe.

Quoted, Vol. I. pp. 37, 43.

1904

(36) Aloysius. _Memories of the Crimea._ By Sister Mary Aloysius [Doyle]. London: Burns & Oates, 1904.

Personal recollections by one of the Irish Nuns, who went out, under Mrs. Bridgeman, with Miss Stanley's party.

(37) _Emma Darwin, Wife of Charles Darwin: A Century of Family Letters._ By her daughter, H. E. Litchfield. 2 vols. Privately printed, 1904.

Quoted Vol. I. pp. 15, 96, 446.

(38) Tooley. _The Life of Florence Nightingale._ By Sarah A. Tooley. London: S. H. Bousfield & Co., 1904.

Contains several letters, recollections by Crimean veterans, etc.

1905

(39) _William Rathbone: a Memoir._ By Eleanor F. Rathbone. Macmillan, 1905.

Numerous references to Miss Nightingale, and accounts of undertakings in which she was concerned with Mr. Rathbone.

1906

(40) Stanmore. _Sidney Herbert, Lord Herbert of Lea._ A Memoir. By Lord Stanmore. 2 vols. John Murray, 1906.

Important correspondence between Sidney Herbert and Miss Nightingale is here given.

1907

(41) _The History of Nursing._ By M. Adelaide Nutting and Lavinia L. Dock. 2 vols. G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1907.

An excellent account of "the evolution of nursing systems"; with a just appreciation of Miss Nightingale, and copious extracts from her writings.

(42) _The Letters of Queen Victoria, 1837-1861._ Edited by A. C. Benson and Viscount Esher. 3 vols. John Murray.

Quoted, or referred to, at Vol. I. pp. 217, 274.

1908

(43) Panmure. _The Panmure Papers_.... Edited by Sir George Douglas and Sir George Dalhousie Ramsay. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1908. 2 vols.

This collection, though it does not throw any light on the most important of Miss Nightingale's dealings with Lord Panmure, contains several letters of interest.

(44) _St. John's House. A Brief Record of Sixty Years' Work, 1848-1908._ 12 Queen Square, Bloomsbury, London, W.C. A pamphlet.

Contains some account of the recruiting of nurses for the Crimean war, and two letters from Miss Nightingale.

1910

(45) Bibliography. _An Exhibit of some of the Writings of Florence Nightingale in the Educational Museum of Teachers' College, Columbia University, May 16 to June 1, 1910._ Pamphlet, pp. 8.

This catalogue contains (1) a brief "Biographical Note"; (2) a catalogue of the Writings by F. N. exhibited; (3) a short catalogue of "Writings about Florence Nightingale."

(46) _Exercises in Commemoration of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Founding by Florence Nightingale of the First Training School. Carnegie Hall, the City of New York, Wednesday, May 18th, 1910._ A pamphlet, pp. 24.

A report of various addresses, by Mr. Choate and others.

(47) _Florence Nightingale: a Force in Medicine._ Address at the Graduated Exercises of the Nurses Training School of the Johns Hopkins Hospital, May 19, 1910. By Henry M. Hurd, M.D., Baltimore, 1910.

An excellent appreciation of Miss Nightingale's work as the founder of modern nursing, as sanitarian, and as army reformer.

(48) _The Letters of John Stuart Mill._ Edited by Hugh S. R. Elliot. 2 vols. Longmans & Co., 1910.

Mill's Letters of 1860 (see Vol. I. p. 471) are at vol. i. pp. 238-242; his letter of December 31, 1867 (see above, p. 217), is at vol. ii. pp. 100-105.

(49) _Memoir of the Rt. Hon. Sir John McNeill, G.C.B., and of his second wife, Elizabeth Wilson._ By their Granddaughter. John Murray, 1910.

This contains some letters from Miss Nightingale.

(50) August 15, and later. _Obituary Notices_ of Miss Nightingale in the newspapers. Those written with most knowledge were in the _Times_ and the _Manchester Guardian_.

(51) "Some Personal Recollections of Miss Florence Nightingale," by "Lamorna" [with a series of letters from F. N.]. In the _Nursing Mirror and Midwives' Journal_, September 3, 1910, pp. 347-349.

(52) "Florence Nightingale, O.M., R.R.C." By Major C. E. Pollock, Royal Army Medical Corps. Reprinted from the _Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps_, October 1910. London: John Bale, Sons & Danielsson.

Contains several official documents (now at the Public Record Office) relating to Miss Nightingale's Crimean mission (see Vol. I. p. 188).

1911

(53) _The Life and Letters of Sir John Hall, M.D., K.C.B., F.R.C.S._ By S. M. Mitra. Longmans, Green & Co., 1911.

Of considerable interest (see Vol. I. p. 169).

1912

(54) _Eine Heldin unter Helden (Florence Nightingale)._ Von J. Friz. Stuttgart, 1912. Verlag der Evang. Gesellschaft.

From this book I have quoted at Vol. I. p. 92 _n._ It also contains a few letters from Miss Nightingale--chiefly to the Fliedner family.

No date

(55) Wintle. _The Story of Florence Nightingale._ By W. J. Wintle. London: Sunday School Union.

Contains some reminiscences by Crimean veterans.

APPENDIX C

LIST OF PORTRAITS, PHOTOGRAPHS, ETC., OF FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE

Authentic likenesses of Miss Nightingale, except in her earlier years, are very few. When she had become famous, she shrank from publicity. She was very seldom photographed, and as a general rule she refused to sit for her portrait. The demand for portraits of her was great, and the demand created a supply. This list includes, however, with one probable exception (No. 5), only such portraits as are authentic.

(1) 1820-1. Water-colour drawing of F. N. as a baby on the knee of her Italian nurse Balia. At Lea Hurst.

(2) 1828. Water-colour drawing of Mrs. Nightingale with her two daughters (Florence is on her mother's knee). In the possession of Mrs. Leonard Cunliffe, daughter of Sir Douglas Galton. Reproduced as frontispiece to Vol. I.

(3) 1828. Water-colour drawing of Mrs. Nightingale with her two daughters, by A. E. Chalon. At Claydon. (Similar to, but not identical in costume with, the foregoing.)

(4) 1839. Water-colour portrait, by William White, of Florence Nightingale (sitting) and her sister, Parthenope, standing. In possession of Mrs. Coltman.

(5) _circ._ 1840. Small oil portrait by Augustus L. Egg, R.A. In the National Portrait Gallery (No. 1578). This picture was bought from Mrs. Salis Schwabe (an admirer of Miss Nightingale with whom she had a slight acquaintance) by Mr. William Rathbone, with a view to its presentation to the nation; and was given to the Portrait Gallery in 1910 by Mrs. Rathbone in accordance with her husband's desire. In view of these facts, and as the attribution to Egg agrees with dates, the Trustees accepted the portrait as authentic. Miss Nightingale's family, however, doubt whether it is so. There is no general resemblance. The face is plump, and all other portraits at that age show a thin face. The narrow ridge of F. N.'s nose is not given. The chestnut colour of the hair in the portrait is not true to life. The eyebrows are unlike. The expression is most uncharacteristic. All other early portraits, even quite slight ones, are remarkable for a peculiarly contained, self-possessed expression. The dress and ornaments are out of character; and Miss Nightingale never wore ear-rings. If the portrait be indeed of her, and by a practised artist, it can hardly have been made from the life.

(6) _c._ 1845. Pencil sketch by Miss Hilary Bonham Carter. In the possession of Miss B. A. Clough. Reproduced in Vol. I. p. 38.

(7) _c._ 1850. Full-length, standing beside a pedestal, on which stands an owl. Engraved by F. Holl from a pencil drawing by Parthenope Nightingale (Lady Verney). Reproduced in the _Illustrated Times_, February 2, 1856, and as frontispiece to the _Victoria Miniature Almanack and Fashionable Remembrancer_ for 1857.

(8) _c._ 1852. Large pencil head, copied about 1880 by J. R. Parsons from a drawing by Lady Eastlake. The original was in bad condition and is believed to have been destroyed. The copy is at Lea Hurst.

(9) _c._ 1852. Photograph, three-quarter face, almost profile; three-quarter length, seated, reading. A striped scarf. Taken in Germany. At Claydon.

(10) 1854. Photograph, seated, looking down, by Kilburn, then 222 Regent Street. Taken during Miss Nightingale's time at Harley Street. There were two positions as mentioned in the letter of Mrs. Sutherland noticed under No. 15, "looking down in one, in the other the eyes raised." These are the photographs which some of Miss Nightingale's family considered the best.

(11) 1854. A sketch; seated, reading a book; white flower in her hair; red cross on her neck. "H. M. B. C. del." [Miss Hilary Bonham Carter, whose initials, however, were J. H. B. C.] "Published November 28, 1854, by P. and D. Colnaghi: Colnaghi's Authentic Series." There was also published an uncoloured print of the same drawing, which in turn was adapted in various forms--as in a print published by W. Bemrose & Sons, lettered "Miss Florence Nightingale, the Good Samaritan of Derbyshire, reading the accounts of the dreadful sufferings of our brave wounded soldiers," etc., etc.

(12) 1855. Miss Florence Nightingale and Mr. Bracebridge on Cathcart's Hill, May 8, 1855. Lithographed by Day, and published. This drawing was made up by Lady Verney and Lady Anne Blunt from a slight sketch by Mrs. Bracebridge. Many other prints, still further removed from life, were published--such as: "Florence Nightingale in the Military Hospital at Scutari" (a coloured print published, March 16, 1855, by Read & Co., 10 Johnson's Court, Fleet Street); "Miss Florence Nightingale, the Soldiers' Friend" (drawn by Elston, published May 1, 1856, by Ellis, 51 Jewin Street, City); and "The Great Military Hospital at Scutari" (published, with a sentimental legend, Feb. 24, 1855, by Stannard & Dixon, 7 Poland Street).

(13) 1856. Oil picture of Miss Nightingale receiving the wounded at Scutari, by Jerry Barratt. Engraved as "Florence Nightingale at Scutari, A Mission of Mercy," by S. Bellin. The picture is in the possession of Sir Percy Bates, Bart.

(14) 1856. Photograph, three-quarter length, three-quarter face, standing, by The London Stereoscopic Co. This photograph was taken at the request of Queen Victoria, and has often been reproduced.

(15) 1856. Plaster statuette; standing, with a lamp in the right hand, by Miss Hilary Bonham Carter. At Lea Hurst. There are several replicas, or versions with some differences. One is at St. Thomas's Hospital; another, in Mr. Henry Bonham Carter's possession; another, at Claydon. A second version was, by advice of Mr. Woolner, R.A., made less full in the skirt. A small version, on a reduced scale (about 15 in. high), was also made, and is very widespread. There is a letter to Miss Nightingale from Mrs. Sutherland (June 1866), in which she says: "There are photographs of the statuette which (though it seems odd to say so) are more characteristic than the actual portraits, none of which but the 'owl' one [No. 7], which you deprecate, give a real idea of what you were ten years ago."

(16) _c._ 1858. Photograph, full-length, full face, standing, by Goodman. This was generally considered by Miss Nightingale's family to be the best likeness; reproduced in Vol. I. p. 394.

(17) 1862. Marble bust, by Sir John Steell. This bust, presented to Miss Nightingale by the non-commissioned officers and men of the British Army, has been placed in the Museum of the Royal United Service Institution in accordance with the provisions of her will. There is a replica at Lea Hurst.

(18) 1864. Commencement of a head by G. F. Watts, R.A. Miss Nightingale was persuaded by Sir Harry Verney to receive Mr. Watts on one or two occasions, who made a beginning only of a portrait. It is very slight, and Mr. Watts regarded it as so far a failure. He hoped to be able to resume the work, but abandoned the idea when Sir William Richmond made a portrait. The unfinished canvas is at Limnerslease.

(19) 1887. Oil portrait, half-length, by Sir W. B. Richmond, R.A. At Claydon. Reproduced as frontispiece to this volume. 1887 was the year of the final sittings; the portrait was begun at an earlier date.

(20) _c._ 1890. Photograph, side face, in veil, by Colonel G. Lloyd Verney.

(21) 1891. Photograph, three-quarter length, seated on a couch, full face, by S. G. Payne & Son, Aylesbury. Taken at Claydon.

(22) 1906. Two photographs of Miss Nightingale in her room; by Miss E. F. Bosanquet. One of these, enlarged, is reproduced above, p. 306.

(23) 1907. Two water-colour drawings (and a replica), by Miss F. Amicia de Biden Footner. One is reproduced above, p. 404. These drawings of Miss Nightingale in her room at South Street are in possession of various members of the family.

(24) 1908. Chalk-drawing, by Countess Feodora Gleichen. At Windsor, made (from life) by command of King Edward VII. for a collection of portraits of members of the Order of Merit.

INDEX

Abercromby, James (Lord Dunfermline), i. 25 Aberdeen, 4th Earl of, government of, defeated, i. 217 Aberdeen, Countess of, ii. 457 Aborigines, protection of, ii. 78-80 Abu-Simbel, i. 85 Acland, Sir H. W., ii. 318, 357 Adams, General, i. 235 Adams, John Couch, i. 65 Administration _versus_ politics, ii. 382, 392 Adshead, Joseph, i. 423, 424 Aeschylus, ii. 229, 390 African exploration, ii. 315 Aga Khan, ii. 405, 428 Agincourt, ii. 201 Agrippa, Henry Cornelius, i. 226 Air, curative effects of, i. 419, ii. 118 Airey, General Sir Richard (Lord Airey), i. 357, 437, ii. 65, 73 Aitchison, Sir Charles, _Lord Lawrence_, ii. 45 Aitken, Sir W., M.D., i. 390, 391 Albert, Prince Consort: playing billiards, i. 37; designs jewel for F. N., i. 274; business-like capacity, i. 322; conversations with F. N. at Balmoral, i. 324, 326; opinion of F. N., i. 324; letter to F. N. (1858), i. 384; and the Queen's Proclamation to India (1858), ii. 324; correspondence with F. N., on a Lisbon Hospital, i. 421, 422; on St. Thomas's Hospital, i. 425, 426; death of, ii. 10, 26; F. N.'s appreciation of, ii. 10, 91 Alcock, Sir Rutherford, ii. 355 Aldershot Camp: Divisional reading-room, i. 351; exhibition of soldiers' trades, ii. 76; School of Cookery, i. 389, 398; Soldiers' Home, etc., ii. 5, 76; training at, i. 331 Alexander, Dr. Thomas, i. 328, 330, 331, 356, 364, 365, 372, 379, 394, 494, ii. 14, 16, 19, 338, 442; death of, i. 379 Alexandra, Queen (Princess of Wales), ii. 347, 348, 420 Alexandria, i. 87, 417 Alfred, Prince (Duke of Edinburgh), ii. 192 Algeria, sanitation in, ii. 110, 111, 158 Alice, Princess, of Hesse-Darmstadt, ii. 116, 187 Allen, C. H., _Life of General Gordon_, ii. 351 Allen, Fanny, i. 15, 96 Alma, battle of the, i. 145, 146, 205 Aloysius, Sister Mary, ii. 464 Ambler, Surgeon-Major Vincent, ii. 334 America, fame of F. N. in, ii. 419, 421, 451 American Civil War: and development of nursing, i. 441; F. N. sends reports, etc., to Washington, ii. 8; influence of her Crimean example, ii. 8, 9 _n._, 462 Ampère, J. J. Antoine, i. 19 _Amrita Bazar Patrika_, ii. 27 _n._ Anderson, Dr., i. 258 Anderson, Sir H., ii. 152, 153 Angels: "ministering," so called, ii. 263; the real, ii. 403, 413; "without hands," i. 246 Anglo-Russian relations in Asia, ii. 156 Anglo-Saxon character, i. 424 Apollo Belvedere, i. 70 Apothecaries' Warrant, ii. 70 Appointments Boards, ii. 259 Argyll, 8th Duke of, i. 269 Aristotle, ii. 317 Army, mortality at home (1857), i. 361, 376; reduced by F. N.'s and S. Herbert's reforms, i. 397-8, ii. 174 Army Hospital Service, reorganized 1860, i. 396; subsequent alterations, ii. 336, 338; inquiries into (1880, 1882), ii. 328, 337; reforms in (1883, 1884), ii. 338, 341 Army Medical Department, reorganized (1859), i. 394; question of succession to Dr. A. Smith, i. 378, 379; threatened with retrenchment, ii. 173; For successive Directors-General, _see_ Smith (Andrew), Alexander (T.), Muir, Crawford Army Medical School (now Royal Army Medical College): establishment of, urged by F. N., i. 327, 330; promised but delayed, i. 378; established (1859), opened (1860) at Chatham, i. 390; F. N. drafts Regulations and nominates Professors, i. 390; befriends the Professors, i. 391; good done by, i. 391-2; F. N. as its founder, i. 392; Herbert prize medal at, ii. 8; moved to Netley (1863), ii. 67, 73; threatened (1869), ii. 173, (1876) ii. 318-19; present buildings, etc., at Millbank,