Letter XXI.

Eshohok. II, 7. Much penetrate. _Eschoochwen_, to go through. Z.

Essop. I, 2, 3. He was.

Essopak. I, 17. Were. II, i, 2. Had become. A form from _lissin_, to be _or_ do so.

Ewak. III, 3. They go. _Ewak_, they go. Z.; from _aan_, to go.

Ewenikiktit. V, 60. Who are they? _Auwenik_, who are they? Z. _Gram._, 116. The term _Awanuts_ was that applied to the whites in general by the New England Indians. The Abbé Maurault derives it from _a8eni_, who, _uji_, whence; = whence come they? _Histoire des Abénakis_, p. 10.

Gahani. II, 10. Shallow water. _Gahan_, shallow. K.

Gaho. I, 12. Mother. See _Nigoha_.

Gandhaton. IV, 7. Concealing or hiding themselves. _Gandhatton_, to hide, to conceal. K.

Ganshowenik. V, 50. Noisy place (Niagara). _Ganschewen_, to roar, to make a great noise, Z.; or from _kanti_. See above, p. 73.

Gattamin. 1, 19. Fat fruits. _N'gattamen_, I wish, desire. Z. See note to passage.

Gattawisi. V, 25. Becoming fat. _Gatta_, do you want? Z.; _gattawisi_, becoming fat, proper form of Catawissa. Heck., _Ind. Names_, p. 360. See note.

Gentikalanep. IV, 39. Festivals he made. _Kanti_, to sing and dance. See p. 73.

Gichi. II, 5. Ready. See the root _kich_, p. 102.

Gikenopalat. V, 23. Great warrior. _Gischigin_, to be born; _netopalisak_ = warrior. Z.

Gishelendam. IV, 62. Conspiring. _Gischelendam_, to hatch or meditate something good or bad. See p. 103.

Gishikin. II, 9. Being born. _Gischigin_, to be born. See pp. 102-3.

Gishikshawipek. V, 26. Sun salt sea. _Gischihan_, to make; _schejek_, wampum.

Gishuk. I, 5. Sun. See p. 103.

Gotatamen. IV, 51. He desires. _N'gattamen_, I want, _or_ wish. Z.

Gunehunga. IV, 33. They tarry. _Guneúnga_, they stay long. Heck., _Ind. Names_, p. 365.

Gunehungtit. IV, 61. They settle. _Gunehunga_, they stay.

Guneunga. III, 12, 20. They tarry. See _Gunehunga_.

Gunitakan. IV, 62. Long-and-mild. _Guneu_, long.

Gunokim. IV, 22. Long while fatherly. _Guno_, snow. Z. _Ooch_, father.

Gutikuni. III, 18. Single night. _Gutti_, one; _nuktogunak_, one night. R. W.

Hackung. I, 2. Above. _Hacki_, the earth. Z. _Hackunk_, on or at the earth. Raf. translates it as _hockung_, the place above, the sky, heaven. Camp.

Hakhsinipek. III, 17. On hard, stony sea. _Achsin_, a stone; _pek_, a sea. It may mean "stony sea;" but in the connection I think it is metaphorical "stone-hard," _i. e._, frozen sea.

Hakik. I, 4. Much land. _Hacki_, the earth. Z.

Hallemiwis. I, 3. Eternal being. _Hallemiwi_, eternally. Z.

Hanaholend. V, 24. River loving. _Amhanne_, river. H. _Ahoala_, to love.

Hattanwulaton. IV, 60. He-has-possession. _Hattan_, to have; _wulaton_ to own, to possess.

Huminiend. IV, 25. Corn eater. _Pach-hamineu_, parched and beaten corn, R. W., whence our word _hominy_.

Ikalawit. V, 55. Yonder between. _Ikali_, thither.

Init'ako. I, 21. Worship snake. _Aan_, to come; _aki_, earth. Raf. derives the suffix from _achgook_, snake.

Italissipek. IV, 28. Far from the sea. _Ikalissi_, further, more; _pek_, standing water, or sea.

Janotowi. IV, 9. True-maker. _W'nutikowi_, he keeps watch. Z. Doubtful.

Jinwis. I, 11. Man-being. See note to passage.

Kamik. I, 24. Age or foretime. "_Kamig_, at the end of words, alludes to the ground." Baraga, _Otch. Dic. Gamunk_, on the other side of the water. Z.

Kelik. III, 3. Much. Comp. _Kwelik._ An intensive prefix.

Kelitgeman. V, 3. Much planting corn. Comp. _kelik_; _min_, corn or berry.

Kichipek. V, 26. Big sea. _Kitschi_, great; _pek_, a body of still water. See p. 100.

Kichitamak. V, 11, 36. Big Beaver. _Kitschi_, great; _tamaque_, beaver.

Kicholen. III, 14. Big bird. _Kitchi_, great; _tscholens_, bird.

Kihillalend. IV, 6. Thou killest some. _Nihillan_, to kill, _k'_, thou.

Kimi. I, 21. Secretly. _Kimi_, privately. Z.

Kiminikwi. IV, 32. Secretly far off. _Kimi_, privately.

Kinchepend. IV, 55. Sharp he was. _Kineu_, sharp.

Kipemapekan. V, 47. Big Lake going. _Kitschi_, great; _pek_, lake; _aan_, to go.

Kitahikan. I, 21. Great ocean. III, 17. Of great ocean. _Kitahican_, the sea, ocean. Z.

Kitanitowit. I, 2, 3, 9. God-Creator. See p. 218.

Kitelendam. III, 9. Earnestly. To be in earnest. Z.

Kitohatewa. V, 60. Big ships or birds. _Kito_, great; _haten_, he has.

Kitshinaki. IV, 13. Big firland. _Kitschi_, great, and _shinaki_.

Kiwis. I, 17. Thou being. _Kitschiwi_, truly, verily. Z.

Kiwikhotan. V, 48. Visiting. _Kiwiken_, to visit.

Kolachusien. V, 6. Pretty bluebird. _Kola_ = _wulit_, pretty. Doubtful.

Kolakwaming. IV, 29. Fine plain at. _Wulit_, fine, beautiful. The sense is doubtful.

Kolawil. Beautiful head. IV, 5, 8. _Wulit_, fine; _wil_, head.

Komelendam. III, 11. Having no trouble. To be free from trouble or care. K.

Kowiyey-tulpaking. III, 20. Old turtle land at. _Kikey_, old. K. _Tulpe_, turtle. Doubtful.

Kshakan. I, 7. It blows hard. III, 2. It storms. _Kschachan_, the wind blows hard. K.

Kshipehelen. II, 16. Water running off. _Kschippehellan_, the water flows rapidly, a strong current. Z. Z. also uses _higih hilleu_, the waterfalls. _Spelling Book_, p. 122.

Kshipehelep. I, 7. It ran off. _K'schippehelleup_, the water ran off. Zeis. _Gram._, p. 224.

Ksin. I, 20. Easy. _Ksinachpo_, he is at leisure.

Kundokanup. IV, 3. Searching when. _N'doniken_, I seek, or, _n'donam_. Z.

Kwamipokho. II, 16. Plain and mountain. _Klampeecheneu_, it is still or stagnant water. Z.

Kwelik. I, 2, 4. Much water. I, 7. Deep water. _Quenek_ = _kwelek_, long, extended. Z. Compare _kelik_.

Kwitikwond. IV, 31. Reprover. _Quittel_, to reprove. Z.

Lakka welendam. III, 8. Troubled _or_ afraid. _Lachan welendam_, to be troubled in mind. K.

Lamatanitis. V, 44. _Lamatan_ (Huron), friends. See above, p. 16.

Lanewapi. III, 19. Eagle manly. _Woapalanne_, bald eagle. Z.

Langomuwak. V, 60. Friendly they. _Langamu winaxu_. he looks friendly. Z.

Langomuwi. V, 54. Friendly he. _Langundo_, peaceful, Z. From _langan_, light, easy.

Langundit. V, 32. Made peace. _Langundo_, peaceful.

Langundo. V, 1. Peaceful. _Langundo_, peaceful. Z.

Langundowi. IV, 18. Peaceful he. See above.

Lapawin. IV, 40. Whitened. _Lappi_, again; _pawa_, rich.

Lappimahuk. IV, 41. Again there is war. _Lappi_, again; _machtagewak_, they are at war. Z.

Lappinup. I, 9. Again when. Mr. Anthony translates this "again he spoke;" _aptonen_, to speak. Zeis.

Lapihaneng. V, 27. Tide water at. _Lappi_, again; _amhanne_, flowing water. H.

Lekhihitin. V, 5. Writer writing. _Lekhiket_, writer; _lekhiken_, to write. K.

Leksahowen. IV, 23. Writing who. _Lekhasik_, written. K.

Lennowak. I, 11, 18. Men. II, 1, 5. Men also. _Lenno_, man.

Lessin. III, 4. To be. _Lissin_, to be _or_ do so.

Linapi-ma. II, 14. Men there. _Lenape_, with suffix _ma_, there.

Linapioken. IV, 1. Men fathers. Qy. "The fathers of the Linapi."

Linkwekinuk. V, 19. Looking well about. _Linquechin_, to look, behold; _linquechinock_ Look here, behold! Z.

Linnapewi. III, 1. True manly. III, 7. True men. "They are Lenape."

Linni wulamen. IV, 63. Man of truth. _Lenno_, man; _wulamen_. See p. 104.

Linowi. II, 10. Men. _Lenno-wi_, he is a man.

Linowimokom. II, 8, 13. Of men grandfather. _Lenno_, man; _mohomus_, grandfather.

Lissilma. IV, 5. Be thou there. _Lissil_, imperative of _lissin_. Zeis. _Gram._, p. 118.

Lohxin. II, 9. To move and dwell. _Lowin_, to pass by. K. _Lauchsin_, to walk, to live. Zeis. _Gram._, p. 132.

Lokwelend. V, 15. Walker. _Lauchsin_, to live, to walk.

Lowako. V, 16. North snake. _Lowan_, winter; _aki_, land.

Lowaniwi. III, 6, II, 16. Northerlings _Lowan_, winter; _lowaneu_, north. Z.

Lowanaki. III, 7. North country _Lowan_, winter; _aki_, land.

Lowanapi. III, 19. Northern manly. _Lowan_, winter; _ape_, man, a _nomen gentile_.

Lowanipekis. IV, 61. North of the lakes _Lowan_, winter; _pek_, lake; or _lowan, ape_, man; _aki_, land, "the land of the Northern men."

Lowankwamink. III, 3. In northerly plain. _Lowan_, winter or north; _wemenque_, as we came from. Z; with the locative suffix _nk_.

Lowanuski. IV, 45. Northern foes. _Lowan_, north or winter.

Lowaponskan. V, 50. North walker. _Lowan_, winter; north; _pomsin_, to walk. Z.

Lowashawa. IV, 41; V, 59. North and south, _Lowan_, north; _shawano_, south.

Lowushkaking. V, 18. North land going. _Lowan_, north; _aki_, land. Doubtful.

Luchundi. III, 14. They saying. _Luchundi_, they say, or, it is said. Z. _Gram_, p. 175.

Lumowaki. III, 7. White country. _Loamoe_, long ago, ancient; _aki_, land.

Lungundowin. II, 3. Peaceful or keeping peace. _Langundowi_, peaceful.

Lusasaki. III, 10. Burned land. _Lussin_, to burn; _lusasu_, burnt. Z.

Machelinik. IV, 58. Many places or towns. _Macheh_, much. K.

Machigoklos. IV, 38. Big owl. _Macheu_, great; _goklos_, owl.

Machiton. II, 3. Spoiling. _Matschihilleu_, spoiled. K. _Matschiton_, to spoil something, to make mischief. Z _Gram._, p. 222.

Machitonanep. IV, 17. Much warfare then. Made mischief. See _Ante._

Madawasim. IV, 34. Great meadow. _Matta_, no, not; _assin_, stone.

Mahiliniki. V, 46. There was Hilinis. Perhaps "Illini," the Chipeways or Illinois.

Mahongwi. V, 31. There Hong (Mengui) _or_ lickings. Mengwe? See p. 14.

Mahongwipallat. V, 53. Mengwi was. See last word.

Mahongwichamen. V, 54. Mengwi frightened.

Makatapi. IV, 16. Blacking man. _Machit_, bad, evil; _ape_, man.

Makdopannik. V, 4, and Makdupannek, II, 11. They were many. _Macheh_, many.

Makeleyachick. V, 9. Many going. See above.

Makelohok. IV, 48. They are many. See above.

Makeliming. V, 6. Much fruits at. _Machelemuwi_, honorable, precious K. Or _macheli_, much; _min_, fruits.

Makelining. V, 8. Much river at. _Machelensin_, to be proud or high-minded. K. Or, _macheli_, much or many; _amhanne_, rivers, "the place of many streams."

Makelima. IV, 56. Much there is. _Macheli_, much or many.

Makelinik. V, 7. Many towns. _Macheli_, many; _wik_, houses.

Makeliwulit. V, 38. Much good done. _Macheli_, much; _wulit_, good.

Makelomush. V, 41. Much honored. _Machelemuxit_, he that is honored. Z.

Makhiawip. V, 27. Red arrow. _Machke_, red.

Makimani. I, 14. Bad spirit. _Machi manito_, the bad manito.

Makonowiki. V, 46. There was Konowis. Qy. _Achgunnan_, he is clothed. Z. _Mach_, = red; _mecaneu_, dog.

Makowini. I, 14; II, 1. Bad beings. _Mach_, from _machtit_, bad; _owini_, q. v.

Makpalliton. V, 15. Much warfare. _Macheli_, much, and _palliton_, q. v.

Maktapan. I, 23. Bad weather. _Machtapan_, stormy weather. K.

Maktaton. I, 22. Unhappiness. _Machtatemamoagan_, unhappiness. K.

Mangipitak. IV, 22. Big teeth. _Amangi_, big, great; _wipit_, his teeth.

Mani. I, 8. Made. _Maniton_, to make.

Manito. I, 9, 10. He made. II, 12. Spirit. See notes.

Manitoak. I, 9, 17. The spirits or makers.

Manup. IV, 1. There were then. Doubtful. Comp. _anup_.

Mapawaki. V, 22. There is rich land. _Pawa_, rich; _aki_, land. Doubtful.

Mashawoniki. V, 46. There was Shawonis. _Meshe_, great, in comp.

Mashkipokhing. IV, 7. Bear hills at. _Machk_, bear; but probably from _maskiek_, Chip. _mashkig_, swamp or marsh, and _pachkink_, the division or valley between the mountains.

Maskaboush. II, 8. Strong hare. _Maskan_ and _wabos_, hare. See anté, p. 130.

Maskan. II, 1, 2, 5, 16. Powerful or dire. _Meckek_, great, large; _mangain_, Nant. _mashka_, Chip. strong. _Màskane_, strong, rapid. Heck., _Ind. Names_, p. 355.

Maskanako. II, 1, 2, 5. Strong snake. _Maskan_, large or strong; _achgook_, snake.

Maskansisil. IV, 37. Strong buffalo. _Maskan_, and _sisil_.

Maskansini. IV, 43. Strong stone. _Maskan_, and _assin_, a stone.

Maskekitong. V, 28. Strong falls at (Trenton). _Maskan_, and _kithanne_, main stream. See Heck. _Ind. Names_, p. 355, where this word is given and analyzed.

Matemik. IV, 20. Builder of towns. _Matta_, not; _mequik_, blood. Z.

Matta. II, 3. Not. _Matta_, no, not.

Mattakohaki. V, 22. Without snake land. _Matta_, not; _achgook_, snake; _aki_, land.

Mattalogas. I, 22. Wickedness. _Machtit_, bad, evil; _mattalogasowagon_, a sinful act. Zeis _Gram_, p. 103.

Mattapewi. II, 4. Less man. _Mattapeu_, he is not at home. Z.

Matemenend. IV, 36 There _or_ now Tamenend.

Mawuhtenal. V, 22 There is good thing. _Wuht_, good.

Mayoksuwi. IV, 53. Of one mind. _Mawat_, one, only one. K.

Mboagan. I, 23. Death. _M'boagan_, death. Z.

Mekemkink. I, 21. On earth. _Mach_, prefix indicating evil or misfortune, from _machtit_.

Mekwazoan. II, 4. Fighting. _Mechtagan_, to fight. K.

Menak. I, 8 Islands. _Menatey_, an island.

Menalting. IV, 4, 42 In assembly met. Menachtin, to drink together. K, _Menaltink_, the place where we drank H _Ind. Names_, p. 371.

Menapit. II, 8. At that island. _Menatey_, island, _epit_, at.

Meshautang. III, 3. Game. _Mechtit_, much, _achtu_, deer Z. In the N. J. dialect, deer is _aatu_; hence the meaning is "many deer."

Messisuwi. IV, 44. Whole he. _Metschi schawi_, very, ready Z.

Metzipannek. II, 11. They did eat. _Mitzopannik_, they have eaten. Zeis. _Gram_, p. 124.

Michihaki. IV, 3. Big land. _Mechti_, much, _aki_, land.

Michimini. IV, 34. Much corn. _Mechtil_, much, _min_, edible fruit.

Milap. I, 12, 13 He gave him. _Mil_ or _miltin_, to give. The terminal _p_ marks the pretent.

Minigeman. IV, 25. Corn planting. _Min_, edible fruit; for corn, see p. 48.

Minihaking. IV, 24 Corn land at. _Min_, edible fruit; _aki_, land.

Minsimini. V, 52. Wolf tribe. See p. 36.

Mitzi. I, 19. Food. _Mitzin_, to eat.

Mokol. II, 12 Boat. _Amochol_, a boat Zeis. _Gram_, p. 101

Mokolakolin. V, 17. In boats he snaking. See above. _Aki_, land.

Mokom. V, 17. Grandfather. _Muchomsena_, our grandfather Z.

Mokolmokom. V, 17. Boats grandfather. _Amochol_, boat; _muchom_, ancestor.

Moshakwat. I, 7. It clears up. _Moschkakquat_, clear weather. K.

Mukum. I, 11. Ancestor. _Muchomes_, grandfather. K.

Nahiwi. II, 10. Above water or afloat. _Nahiwi_, down the water, down stream. K.

Nakhagattamen. V, 52. 3 desiring. _Nacha_, three; _gattamen_, to wish.

Nakkalisin. V, 52. 3 to be. _Nacha_, three; _lissin_, to be _or_ do so.

Nakopowa. III, 8. The snake priest. _Pawa_, priest. See above, p. 70. The prefix doubtful.

Nakowa. II, 6. Black snake. _Nachoak_, three persons. Z.

Nakowak. I, 14. Black snakes. _Nachohaneu_, he is alone. Z. _Sukachgook_, black snake. Z. Doubtful.

Nallahemen. III, 13. Navigating. _Nallahemen_, to boat up the stream. K.

Nallimetzin. IV, 29. At last to eat. _Nall_, that, at last; _mitzin_, to eat.

Namenep. I, 20. Pleased. _Namen_, to know, understand.

Namesaki. IV, 14. Fish land; _Namaes_, fish; _aki_, land.

Namesik. I, 13. Fishes. _Namessall_, fishes. Zeis. _Gram._, p. 101.

Namesuagipek. III, 12. Fish resort sea. _Namaes_, fish; _pek_, lake.

Nanaboush. II, 8, 13. Nana-hare. See p. 130.

Nantiné. I, 19. The fairies. _Naten_, to fetch. Z.

Nantinewak. I, 18. Fairies also. Pl. form from _naten_, to fetch.

Nekama. IV, 9, 10, 19. Him. Him, them.

Nekohatami. IV, 35. Alone the first. _Netami_, the first.

Nemassipi. IV, 49. Fish river. _Namaes_, fish; _sipi_, river.

Nenachihat. V, 58. Watcher. _Nenachgistawachtin_, to listen to one another, to hear one. K. Hence _hearer_.

Nentegowi. V, 16. The Nentegos. _Nentégo_ is the proper name of the Nanticokes, who inhabited the eastern shore of Maryland. See p. 22.

Netamaki. I, 24. First land. _Netami_, first; _aki_, land.

Netami. I, 12, 18, 19. The first. _Netami_, the first. Z. _Gram._, p. 108.

Nguttichin. III, 16. All agreed. _'Nguttitehen_, to be of one heart and mind. Z.

Nigoha. I, 18. Mother. _Ngahomes_, my mother. See Zeis. _Gram._, p. 100.

Nihantowit. II, 4. Dead keeper. _'Nihillowet_, murderer (_nihillanowet_). See p. 102.

Nihillanep. IV, 43. He killed. See p. 102.

Nihillapewin. III, 11. Being free. _Nihillapewi_, free. Z. See p. 101.

Nihillen. III, 15. To kill _or_ annihilate. _Nihilla_, I kill. Z. See p. 101.

Nijini. I, 10, 19; II, 2. The Jins. _Nik_, these, those. K. _Nigani_, the first, the foremost. Z. See notes.

Nillawi. III, 18. By night or in the dark. _Nipahwi_, by night. Z.

Nipahum. I, 5. Moon. _Nipahump_, moon, _Min_.

Nishawi. II, 3. Both, _Nischa_, two.

Nitaton. IV, 11. To be able. To know how to do it. Z.

Nitatonep. IV, 43. He was able. See above. Preterit.

Nitisak. I, 16. Friends. _Nitis_, confidential friend. (Heck, p. 438.)

Nitilowan. IV, 54. Friends of north. _Nitis_, and _lowan_, north.

Nolandowak. IV, 49. Lazy they. _Nolhand_, lazy. K.

Nolemiwi. I, 3. Invisible. Invisible. Z.

Nungihillan. III, 10. By trembling. _Nungihillan_, to tremble. K.

Nungiwi. IV, 64. Trembling he. See above.

Okwewi. I, 18. Wives. _Ochquewak_, women. Z.

Okwisapi. III, 19 With wives or women of man. _Ochque_, woman; _ape_, man.

Oligonunk. IV, 29. Hollow mountain over. _Wahlo_, a cavern _or_ a hollow between hills. _Oley_, in Berks county, Pa., the name of a Moravian settlement, is from this root.

Olini. III, 18. The men _or_ people. From root _ni_, p. 101.

Olumapi. IV, 23. Bundler of written sticks. See p. 161.

Onowutok. V, 12. Prophet. _Owoatan_, to know. K.

Opannek. III, 16. They went. From _aan_, to go, and perhaps with prefix _wab_ or _op_, east.

Opekasit. IV, 47. Easterly looking. _Waopink_ or _opūnk_, opossum. From the root _wab_, white. See p. 43.

Opeleken. I, 8. It looks bright. Root _wab_ or _op_. See last word.

Otaliwako. V, 43. There snake _or_ Otalis (Cherokis).

Otaliwi. V, 56. Cherokees of Mts.

Ouken. III, 12. Fathers. _Ochwall_, his father. Zeis. _Gram_, p. 100.

Owagan. I, 22, or Owagon, I, 7. Deeds, action. A verbal suffix. See p. 101.

Owak. I, 4. Much air or clouds. An error for _woak_, and. Comp. Zeis. _Spelling Book_, p. 122.

Owanaku. I, 2. Foggy. _Awonn_. Z. _Auan_, N. J., fog.

Owini. I, 12. First beings I, 16; II, 5, 9. Beings. Rafinesque says of this word, that it "may be analyzed _o-wi-ni_, 'such they men' or beings." It would seem to be a form of the substantive verb termination _wi_.

Owinkwak. I, 10. First beings also. _Owini_, and _wak_, and.

Paganchihilla. IV, 59. Great fulfiller. _Pachgihillan_, to break, break asunder. K.

Pakimitzin. V, 49. Cranberry eating. _Pakihm_, cranberries; _mitzin_, to eat.

Pallalogas. I, 22. Crime. _Pallalogosawagan_, crime, evil deed. Zeis. _Gram._, p. 103.

Palliaal. III, 9. Go away. The same. Zeis. _Gram._, p. 243. An imperative; but not so used in the text.

Pailihilla. IV, 56. Spoil and killing. From _pallilissin_, to do wrong. Zeis. _Gram._, p. 243.

Palliton. II, 3. Fighting. II, 5. To destroy or spoil. II, 7. Much spoiling or destroying. _Palliton_, to do ill, to spoil. Zeis. _Gram._, p. 222.

Pallitonep. IV, 44, 46. He war made. It is the imperfect of _palliton_, to despoil, fight.

Pallitonepit. IV, 47. At the warfare. Preterit of the above.

Palliwi. II, 16. Elsewhere. Ibid. Z.

Palpal. II, 12. Come, come. _Palite_, when he comes. Z.

Paniton. II, 15. Let it be. _Paliton_, to spoil, injure. Z.

Pataman. II, 15. Praying. _Pataman_, to pray. K.

Pawanami. V, 14. Rich water turtle. _Pawalessin_, to be rich.

Pawasinep. III, 13. Rich was. _Pawa_, rich.

Payat. I, 23. Coming. _Paan_, to come. Conjugated in Zeis. _Gram._, p. 148. _Payat_, he who comes _or_ is coming. From the root _an_, to move. Cf. _Aan_.

Payat-chik. I, 22. Coming them. See above.

Payaking. III, 20. Coming at. See above.

Payat payat. II, 12. Coming, coming. See above.

Pechimin. III, 10. Thus escaping. _Pach-_, to separate, divide, to split asunder.

Pehella. II, 7. Much water rushing. II, 10. Flood. See _Kschippehellen_.

Peklinkwekin. V, 59. Sea looking. _Pek_, still water, lake, sea.

Pekochilowan. V, 23. Near north. _Lowan_, north.

Pemaholend. IV, 20. Constantly beloved. _Ahoala_, to love.

Pemapaki. IV, 14. Lake land. Apparently for _menuppekink_, at the lake.

Pematalli. V, 17. Constant those. _Talli_, there.

Penauwelendamep. II, 5. Resolved. _Penauwelendam_, to consider about something. Z.

Penkwihilen. II, 16. It is drying. _Penquihillen_, dried. K.

Pepomahemen. V, 8. Navigator up. Doubtful.

Petonep. II, 6. He brought. _Peton_, to bring. Z.

Peyachik. III, 4. Comers. See _Payat_.

Pikihil. III, 10. Is torn. _Pikihillen_, torn, rent in pieces. K.

Pilwhalin. IV, 21. Holy goer. _Pilhik_, clean, pure.

Pimikhasuwi. IV, 57. Stirring about he.

Piskwilowan. V, 31. Against north. _Tipisqui_, against. Z. _Lowan_, north.

Pitenumen. V, 39. Mistaken. _Pitenummen_, to make a mistake. Z.

Pohoka. II, 7. Much go to hills. _Pokawachne_, creek between two hills. The word does not refer to hills, but to the division, cleft or valley between hills.

Pokhapokhapek. III, 12. Gaping sea, _Pocqueu_, a muscle, clam. Z. An important article of food to the natives; _pek_, a lake or sea.

Pokhakhopak. III, 17. At gap snake sea. See above.

Pokwihil. III, 4. Divided or broken. III, 10. Is broken. _Poquihilleu_ or _poquiecheu_, broken. K. The root is _pach_, to split, divide.

Pomisinep. IV, 52. Went _or_ passed. _Pomsin_, to walk. K.

Pommixin. II, 9, 10. Creeping. _Pommisgen_, to begin to walk; _pommixin_, to creep. K.

Ponskan. III, 18. Much walking. _Pommauchsin_, to walk.

Powa. III, 4. Rich, for _Pawa_, rich, etc. See p. 70. See words under _pawa_.

Powako. I, 21. Priest snake. See above.

Powatanep. IV, 39. Pontiff was. See above.

Powatapi. III, 19. Priest manly. See above.

Psakwiken. III, 1. Close together. _Psakquiechen_, close together. K.

Pungelika. V, 31. Lynx well like (Eries). _Pongus_, sand fly. K. Doubtful.

Pungusak. I, 15. Gnats. _Pongus_, sand fly, K.

Sakelendam. IV, 47. Being sad. _Sakquelendam_, to be sad. K.

Sakima. IV, 5. King. See p. 46.

Sakimachik. IV, 26. See above.

Sakimak. IV, 17. Kings. See above.

Sakimakichwon. V, 33. With this great king. See above.

Sakimalanop. IV, 33. King was made. See above.

Sakimanep. IV, 8, 9, 15, 18. King was. See above. Preterite form.

Saskwihanang. V, 24. Susquehanah (branchy R.) at. See p. 14.

Sayewis. I, 3. First being. _Schawi_, immediately, directly. Z.

Shabigaki. IV, 13. Shore land. This seems a more correct form than Heckewelder's _scheyichbi_. See p. 40.

Shak. I, 14. But. _Schuk_, but.

Shakagapewi. IV, 64. Just and upright he. _Schachachgapewi_, he is honest, righteous. K.

Shakagapip. IV, 19. A just man he was. _Schachach_, straight; here used in a metaphorical sense for just.

Shawaniwaen. IV, 12, 24. South he goes. _Shawano_, south.

Shawanaki. IV, 13. South land. _Shawano_, south; _aki_, land. Zeis. gives _schawenneu_ for south.

Shawanaking. V, 10. South land at. See above.

Shawanapi. III, 19. Southern manly. _Shawano_, and _ape_, man.

Shawaniluen. IV, 10. South he saying. _Shawano_, and _luen_, to say.

Shawaniwak. IV, 59. South they go. _Shawano_, and _ewak_.

Shawanipalat. V, 42. South warrior. _Shawano_, and _itapalat_.

Shawanipekis. IV, 60. South of the lakes. _Shawano_, and _pek_, lake.

Shawaniwi. III, 6. Southerlings. _Shawano_, with suffix _wi_.

Shawanowi. V, 10. The Shawani. See above.

Shawapama. IV, 17. South and east there. _Shawano_, _wapan_, east, and _ma_, there.

Shawelendamep. II, 2. Become troubled. _Acquiwelendam_, to disquiet. Z. With intensive prefix _ksch_.

Shawoken. III, 10. So far going. _Schewak_, weak?

Shayabinitis. V, 57. Shore friend. See next words. _Nitis_, friend.

Shayabian. V, 37. Shore (or Jersey) going. _Schejek_, a string of wampum. Z.

Sheyabing. V, 51. At New Jersey _or_ shore. _Scheyichbi_, Indian name of New Jersey. (Heck., p. 51.) See p. 40.

Shinaking. III, 20; IV, 1, 5. At fir-land. Chip. _jin-goh_, spruce fir. Bar. _Schind_, spruce. Z. _Aki_, land; _nk_, locative termination, "the place of spruce firs."

Shingalan. II, 2. Hating. _Schingalan_, to hate somebody. K.

Shingalusit. II, 2; V, 56. Foe, foes. _Schingalusit_, enemy, adversary. K.

Shiwapi. IV, 27. Salt man. _Schwewak_, salt meat; _sikey_, salt.

Showihilla. IV, 7. Weak. _Schawek_, weak.

Shukand. I, 20. But then. _Schukund_, only, but then.

Sili. III, 3. Cattle. _Sisili_, a buffalo. See note to verse.

Sin. III, 4. To be. _Lissin_, to be _or_ do so.

Sinako. V, 16. Strong snake. _Assin_, stone; _aki_, land.

Sipakgamen. IV, 55. River over against. _Sipi_, river. See _Agamunk_.

Sisilaki. IV, 14. Cattle land. _Sisiliamuus_, a buffalo, N. J.

Sisilaking. IV, 29. Cattle land at. _Sisili_, buffalo; _aki_, land.

Sittamaganat. V, 2. Path leader. Pipe-bearer. See note to IV, 2.

Sitwahikho. II, 16. Path of cave. _Tschitqui_, silent; _tschitquihillewak_, they are silent. Z.

Slangelendam. IV, 31. Disliking. _Skattelendam_, to loathe, to hate.

Sohalawak. I, 4, 5, 6, 14, 15; IV, 23. He causes them. See note.

Sohalgol. IV, 25. He causes it. See last word.

Taquachi. IV, 24. Shiverer with cold. _Tachquatten_, frozen. K.

Takauwesit. III, 5. The best. _Tach_, together, to tie, etc. Hence united, harmonious.

Talamatan. IV, 54, 61, 63, 64. Hurons. See p. 16.

Talamatanitis. IV, 61. Huron friends. See _Lamatanitis_.

Talegachukang. V, 19. Allegheny Mts going. Doubtful.

Talegaking. V, 1. Talega land at. See p. 230.

Taleganah. V, 14. Talega R, at. See p. 230.

Talegawik. IV, 56. Talega they. See p. 230.

Talegawil. IV, 52. Talega head _or_ emperor. See p. 230. _Wil_, head.

Talegawunkik. V, 45. Talegas west visitor. See p. 230. _Wunken_, west; _kiwiken_, to visit.

Talligewi. IV, 50. Talegas _or_ there found. See p. 229.

Tamaganat. IV, 55. Leader. _Gelelemend_ = the leader. Heck. _Ind. Names_, p. 392. See note to IV, 2.

Tamaganena. V, 2. Chieftain such _or_ Beaver leader. Pipe-bearer. See note to IV, 2.

Tamakwapi. III, 19. Beaver manly. _Tamaque_. Camp. _Ktemaque_. Zeis. A beaver. Mohegan, _amuchke_, Schmick.

Tamakwi. IV, 12. Beaver he. See last word.

Tamenend. IV, 35; Tamanend, V, 32. Affable (beaver like). _Temenend_, affable. Heck.

Tankawun. V, 9. Little cloud. _Tangelensuwi_, modest, humble; _tangitti_, small.

Tapitawi. II, 14. Altogether. _Tachguiwi_, together. Z.

Tashawinso. V, 51. At leisure gatherer.

Tasukamend. IV, 19. Never black _or_ bad. _Ta_, not, _suckeu_, black. Z.

Tatalli. II, 10. Which way _or_ shall there. _Tatalli_, whitherwards. K.

Tawanitip. V, 49. Ottawas made friends; _nitis_, friend.

Tellen. IV, 17. Ten.

Tellenchen kittapakki. III, 18. 10,000.

Tenche kentit. IV, 58. Opening path. _Tenk_, _titit_, little. K. Doubtful.

Tendki. III, 8. Being there. _Tindey_, fire. Z. _Tenden_, _Min_.; _yawagan tendki_, the cabin-fires.

Tenk wonwi. IV, 27, 30. Dry-he. _Teng_- or _tenk_- = little. K.

Thupin. III, 2. It is cold. _Teu_, it is cold. K.

Tihill. III, 3. Coolness. _Tillihan_, it is cool. K.

Topan. III, 2. It freezes. _Tepan_, white frost.

Topanpek. III, 16. Frozen sea. _Tepan_, and; _pek_, lake.

Towakon. IV, 46. Towako. V, 16. Father snake. _Tawa_ and _aki_, the Ottawas or Twightees. See note to V, 16.

Tsehepicken. IV, 49. Separated. _Tschetschpiechen_, to separate. K.

Tulagishatten. II, 9. At Tula he is ready. _Tulpe_, turtle; _gischatten_, it is ready, done, finished.

Tulamokom. II, 13. A turtle's grandfather. _Tulpe_, turtle. See _Mokom_.

Tulapewi. II, 14. Turtle there. _Tulpe_, a water turtle. K.

Tulapewini. III, 1. Turtle being. See above.

Tulapima. II, 14. Turtle there. _Tulpe_, and _ma_, there.

Tulapin. II, 10. Turtle-back. _Tulpe_, turtle.

Tulapit. II, 8. At Tula or turtle land. _Tulpe_, and _epit_, q. v.

Tulapiwi. III, 7. The turtling. _Tulpe_, and suffix _wi_.

Tulpenaki. III, 7. Turtle country. _Tulpe_, and _aki_, land.

Tulpewi. II, 15. Turtle he. See above. _Tulapewi_.

Tulpewik. I, 13. Turtles. See above.

Tumaskan. IV, 42. Wolf strong. _Temmeu_, wolf, Z.

Tumewand. V, 29. The wolfers (mohican). _Temmeu_, wolf, _anit_ = the wolf god, or magician.

Tumewapi. III, 19. Wolf manly. _Temmeu_, and _ape_ man; a _nomen gentile_.

Uchewak. I, 15. Flies. _Utschewak_, flies. Z.

Unamini. V, 52. Turtle tribe. See p. 36.

Unchihillen. V, 39. Coming from somewhere. _Untschihilleu_ it comes from somewhere rapidly, to flow out.

Wagan. II, 16. Action. See _Owagan_.

Wak. I, 2. And. Id.

Wakaholend. IV, 33. Loving, beloved. _Ahoalan_, to love. _Woakaholend_. Heck. _Ind. Names_, p. 395.

Wakon. I, 21. Snake god. _Wachunk_, high (Min.) Perhaps a form of _akiuk_, earthward.

Wallama. IV, 40. Painted. See p. 161.

Wallamolumin. V, 5. Painted-booking. See p. 161.

Wangomend. V, 55. Saluted. Id. Heck. _Ind. Names_, p. 395.

Wapachikis. V. 57. White crab. _Woapeu_, white. Z. The root _wab, wap_, or _op_, white, light, the east, etc., occurs in numerous words.

Wapagumoshki. V, 44. White otter. See above.

Wapagishik. IV, 48. East sun or sunrise. _Wap_, and _gischuch_.

Wapagokhos. IV, 8. White owl. _Wap_, and _gokhos_, owl. Z.

Wapahacki. V, 37. White body. _Wap_, and _hackey_, body.

Wapahoning. V, 11. White Lick at. _Wap_, and _mahoning_. Z. At the deer lick.

Wapakisinep. V, 21. East land was. _Wap_, and _aki_, land, with preterit suffix.

Wapalaneng. V, 2. White river at. _Wap_, and _amkannink_ at the river.

Wapala wikwan. V, 20. East settling place. _Wap_, and _wikwam_, house.

Wapallanewa. IV, 2. White eagle. _Woaplanne_, the bald eagle. Z.

Wapallendi. IV, 52. East some. _Wap_, east; _allende_, some.

Wapanaki. III, 18. Eastern land. _Wap_, east; _aki_, land.

Wapanapi. III, 19. Eastern manly. _Wap_, east or white; _ape_, man.

Wapaneken. IV, 48. East going together. _Wap_, east; see _Eken_.

Wapanen. III, 9. Easterly. _Wap_, east.

Wapanand. V, 29. The easters. _Wap_, east.

Wapanichan. IV, 32. East moving. _Wap_, east.

Wapaniwaen. IV, 12, 28. East he goes. _Wap_, east; _aan_, to go.

Wapaniwi. III, 6, 16. Easterlings. _Wap_, east; _wi_, substantive verb suffix.

Wapashum. V, 45. White big horn. _Wap_, white; _wschummo_, horn. Z.

Wapasinep. III, 13. East was _or_ bright. _Wap_, east; preterit termination.

Wapawaki. IV, 51. East rich land.

Wapawullaton. IV, 50. East possessing. _Wap_, east; _wullaton_, to possess.

Wapayachik. V, 59. White or east coming. _Wap_, east; _payat_, q. v.

Wapekunchi. V, 40. East sea from. _Wap_, east; doubtful.

Wapkicholan. IV, 38. White crane _or_ big bird. _Wap_, white; _tscholen_, bird.

Waplanowa. III, 12. White eagle. _Woaplanne_, a bald eagle. Z.

Waplowaan. V, 29. East, north, do go. _Wap_, east; _lowan_, north, _aan_, to go.

Wapsipayat. V, 40. Whites coming. _Wap_, white; _payat_, q. v.

Waptalegawing. V, 20. East of Talega at. _Wap_ east; _talega_, q. v.

Waptipatit. IV, 41. White chicken. _Wap_, white; _tipatit_, chicken.

Waptumewi. III, 12. White wolf. _Wap_, white; _temmeu_, wolf.

Wapushuwi. V, 3. White lynx he. _Wap_, white.

Wasiotowi. V. 56. Wasioto. Doubtful.

W'delsinewap. I, 16. Were there. Preterit of _lissin_, to be so.

Wekwochella. IV, 30. Much fatigued. _Wiquehilla_, to be tired. Z.

Wellaki. IV, 3. Fine land. _Wulit_, fine; _aki_, land.

Wemaken. III, 15. All snaking. _Wemi_, all; _aki_, land, earth; the whole land.

Wematan. III, 14. All let us go. _Wemi_, and _atam_, q. v.

Wemelowichik. V, 26. All hunters. _Wemi_, all; _elauwitschik_, hunters.

Wemi. I, 7, 6, 16, 20. All. Id. Wemiako. III, 8. All the snakes. _Wemi_, all; _achgook_, snake; or, _aki_, land.

Wemiamik. V. 48. All children (Miamis). Doubtful.

Wemichemap. II, 12. All helped. _Wemi_, all; _mitschemuk_, he helps me. Z.

Wemiguma. I, 1. _Wemi_, all; _guma_, sea water. See note to passage.

Wemiluen. III, 15. All saying. _Wemi_, all; _luen_, to say.

Wemimokom. II, 13. Of all grandfather. _Wemi_, and _mokom_, q. v.

Wemilowi. IV, 53. All say. _Wemi_, all; _luen_, to say.

Weminitis. IV, 35. All being friends. V, 33. All friendly. _Wemi_, all; _nitis_, friends.

Wemipalliton. IV, 43. To war on all. _Wemi_, and _palliton_, q. v.

Wemima. IV, 2. All there. _Wemi_, all; _ma_, there.

Wemilat. IV, 58. All given to him. _Wemi_, and _miltin_, q. v.

Wemilo. IV, 5. All say to him. _Wemi_, and _luen_, to say.

Weminilluk. IV, 15. All warred. _Wemi_, and _nihillan_, q. v.

Weminitik. V, 48. All friends _or_ allies. _Wemi_, and _nitis_.

Weminungwi. V, 31. All trembling. _Wemi_ and _nungihillan_, to tremble.

Wemi owenluen. III, 8. To all saying. _Wemi_, and _luen_, to say.

Wemi tackwicken. V, 33. All united. _Tachquiwi_, together.

Wemiten. III, 11. All go out. IV, 54. To go all united. _Wemiten_ (infin), to go all forth or abroad. Z. _Gr._ 244.

Wemoltin. II, 10. All go forth. III, 9, 18. They go forth. They are all going forth. Z. _Gr._ p. 244.

Wemopannek. III, 17. All went. _Wemi_, with past preterit suffix.

Wenchikit. V, 52. Offspring. _Wentschiken_, to descend, to grow out of. Z.

Wetamalowi. IV, 33. The wise they. _Wewoatamamine_, wise man. Z.

Wewoattan. IV, 42. To be wise _or_ by wise. _Woaton_, to know. Z.

Wich. I, 7. With. _Witschi_, with.

Wichemap. II, 12. Helped. _Witscheman_, to help somebody.

Wihillan. I, 23. Destroying or distemper. _Nihillan_, to destroy.

Wiblamok. III, 14. Head beaver. _Wil_, head; _amuchke_, beaver. Moh.

Wikhichik. III, 4. Tillers. _Wikhetschik_, cultivators of the earth. Z.

Wiki. II, 4. With. _Witschi_, with.

Wikwan. V, 20. _Wikwam_, house.

Wilawapi. III, 19. Rich manly. _Wil_, head; _ape_, man.

Winakicking. V, 25, 27. Sassafras land at or Penna. _Winak_, sassafras. Z.

Winakununda. V, 36. Sassafras tarry. _Winak_, sassafras, _guneunga_, q. v.

Winelowich. V, 18. Snow hunter. _Wineu_, snow; _elauwitsch_, hunter.

Wineu. III, 2. It snows. _Wineu_, it snows.

Wingelendam. IV, 60. _Wingelendam_, to approve, to like. Z.

Wingenund. IV, 39. Mindful.

Wingi. I, 20. Willingly. _Wingi_, fain, gladly, willing.

Winiaken. III, 11. At the land of snow. _Wineu_, it snows; _aki_, land.

Winimokom. II, 13. Of beings grandfather. _Owini_ and _Mokom_, q. v.

Wisawana. IV, 34. Yellow River. _Wisaweu_, yellow; _amhanne_, river.

Wishanem. II, 15. Frightened. _Wischaleu_, he is frightened. Z.

Wishi. I, 17. Good. Probably for _mesitche_ = Chip. _mitcha, etc._, great.

Witchen. III, 15. Going with. _Witen_, to go with. K.

Wittank. IV, 34. Town. _Witen_, to go or dwell with.

Wittanktalli. III, 1. Dwelling of Talli. _Witen_, to go with. Z. _talli_, there. Z.

Wiwunch. I, 24. Very long. _Wiwuntschi_, before now, of old. K.

Wokenapi. IV, 11. Fathers men. _Woaklappi_ repeatedly, again. K.

Wokgetaki. I, 1. _Wokget_, on the top; _aki_, land. _Wochgitschi_, above, on top; _aki_, land, earth.

Woliwikgun. III, 1. Cane house. _Walak_, hole; _walkeu_, he is digging a hole. Z.

Wolomenap. V, 28. Hollow men. _Wahhillemato_, wide, far. K.

Won. I, 24. This. _Won_, this, this one. K.

Wonwihil. V, 40, 59. At this time. _Won_, this, _wil_, head.

Wsamimaskan. IV, 57. Too much strong. _Maskan_, great.

W'shakuppek. III, 17. Smooth deep water. _Wschacheu_, it is slippery, smooth, glossy; _pek_, lake, sea.

Wtakan. III, 3. Mild. _Wtakeu_, soft, tender. Z.

W'tamaganat. IV, 37. And chieftain. The smoker or pipe bearer. See note to IV, 2.

Wtenk. I, 11. After. Ibid.

Wulakeningus. V, 42. Well praised. _Wulakenimgussin_, to be praised. K.

Wulamo. II, 1; IV, 1; V, 1. Long ago. _Wulamoe_, long ago.

Wulaton. III, 3; IV, 11. To possess.

Wulliton. III, 16. _Wulaton_, to save, to put up. K. _Wuliton_, to make well. K.

Wulatenamen. V, 41. To be happy. Ibid.

Wulelemil. III, 17. Wonderful. _Wulelemi_, wonderful.

Wuliton. II, 15. To make well, to do well. Z. _Gr._ p. 222.

Wulitowin. IV, 20. Good who (did). See last word.

Wulitshinik. V, 4. Good stony _or_ well, hardy. _Wulit_, good; _assin_, stone.

Wulitpallat. V, 30. Good warrior. _Wulit_, good; _itopallat_, warrior.

Wunand. I, 17. A good god. Root _Wun_. See p. 104.

Wundanuksin. IV, 32. Being angry. _Wundanuxin_, to be angry at or for. K.

Wunkenahep. V, 12. West he went. _Wundcheneu_, it is west.

Wunkenapi. III, 20. Western man. _Wundchen_, west; _ape_, man.

Wunkeniwi. III, 6. Westerlings. See above.

Wunkiwikwotank. V, 13. West he visited. See above. _Kiwichen_, to visit.

Wunpakitonis. V, 13. West abandoned. _Pakiton_, to throw away.

Wunshawononis. V, 13. West southerners. _Shawano_, south.

Yagawan. III, 8. (In the) huts. Ibid.

Yagawanend. IV, 50. Hut maker. See last word.

Yuch. I, 6. Well. _Yuh_. H. _Yuch_. K. _Yuk_, these. K.

Yukepechi. IV, 1. Till there. _Yukepetschi_, till now, hitherto. K.

Yuknohokluen. IV, 48. Let us go saying. Doubtful.

Yulik. I, 6. These. _Yukik_, these. K.

Yutali. I, 2, 22. There. _Jutalli_, just here. K.

APPENDIX.

AGOZHAGÀUTA. (_page_ 14. _Note_.)

With reference to this word I have been favored with the opinions of Gen. Clark, Mr. Horatio Hale, and the Rev. J. A. Cuoq, all able Iroquois scholars.

Gen. Clark and Mr. Hale believe that it is a dialectic or corrupt form for _agotsaganha_, which is a derivature from _atsagannen_ (Bruyas, _Radices Verborum Iroquaeorum_, p. 42). This verbal means, in one conjugation, "to speak a foreign language," and in another, "to be of a different language, to be a foreigner." The prefix _ago_ or _ako_ is an indefinite pronoun, having the same form in both singular and plural, and is used with national or tribal appellations, as in _akononsionni_, "People of the Long House," the general name of the Five Nations. Gen. Clark notes that the term _agotsaganens_, or _agotsaganes_, was the term applied by the Iroquois to the Mohegans, = "People who speak a foreign tongue." (Jogues, _Novum Belgium_ (1646), and _Pa. Colonial Records_, vol. vi, p. 183.)

The Rev. Mr. Cuoq believes that the proper form is _akotsakannha_, which in his alphabet is the same as _agotsaganha_, but he limits its meaning to "on est Abnaquis," from _aktsakann_, "être Abnaquis." (See his _Lexique de la Langue Iroquoise_, pp. 1, 155.) The general name applied by the Iroquois to the Algonkins he gives as _Ratirontaks_, from _karonta_, tree, and _ikeks_, to eat, "Tree-eaters" (_Lexique_, p. 88); probably they were so called from their love of the product of the sugar maple.

DIALECT OF THE NEW JERSEY LENAPE. (_p. 46_)

An interesting specimen of the South Jersey dialect of the Lenape is preserved in the office of the Secretary of State, Trenton, N.J. It is a list of 237 words and phrases obtained in 1684, at Salem, N.J. It was published in the _American Historical Record_, vol. I, pp. 308-311, 1872. The orthography is English, and it is evidently the same trader's jargon which Gabriel Thomas gives. (See p. 76.) The _r_ is frequent; man is _renus leno_; devil is _manitto_; God is _hockung tappin_ (literally, "he who is above"). There are several typographical errors in the printed vocabulary.

REV. ADAM GRUBE. (_p. 84._)

His full name was Bernhard Adam Grube. Between 1760-63 he was missionary in charge of the Moravian mission at Wechquetank, Monroe County, Pa., and there translated into Delaware, with the aid of a native named Anton, a "Harmony of the Gospels," and prepared an "Essay of a Delaware Hymn Book." Both these were printed by J. Brandmüller, at Friedensthal, Pa., and issued in 1763; but no copy of either is known to exist.

EASTERN ORIGIN OF THE ALGONKINS. (_pp. 12_ and _145._)

Quite recently M. Emile Petitot, in an article entitled, "_De la pretendue Origine Orientale des Algonquins_" (_Bulletin de la Société d'Anthropologie_, 1884, p. 248), has attacked the theory that the Algonkin migrations were from the northeasterly portions of the American continent, toward the west and south. His arguments are based on two Cree legends which he relates, one of which is certainly and the other probably of modern date, as the incidents show; and on his criticism of the derivation of the name "Abnaki". Of this he says: "_Wabang_ signifie plutôt detroit que orient; et quant au mot _askiy_ ou _ahkiy_, il vent dire _terre_, et non pas _peuple_".

Now, no one ever claimed that _abnaki_ meant eastern people. The Abbé Maurault translates the form _Abanki_ by "terre au Levant." (_Histoire des Abénakis_, Introd. p. ii, Quebec, 1866.) In Cree _wapaw_, in Chipeway _wabi_, mean narrows or strait; but they are derivatives from the root _wab_, and mean a light or open place between two approaching shores, as Chip. _wabigama_, or _wabimagad_, "there is a strait between the two shores." (Baraga, _Otchipwe Dictionary_.) The name Abnaki is, moreover, no argument either for or against the eastern origin of the Algonkin stock, as it was merely a local term applied to a very small branch of it by the French. Hence M. Petitot's criticisms on the theory under consideration are misplaced and of no weight.

To what has been said in the text I may add that the Algonkins who visited Montreal early in the 17th century retained distinct traditions that they had once possessed the land to the east of that city, and had been driven south and west by the Huron-Iroquois. See the Abbé Maurault, _Histoire des Abénakis_, p. 111, and Wm. W. Warren, _Hist. of the Ojibways_, Chap. IV (Minnesota, Hist. Colls., 1885).

INDEX OF AUTHORS

(_The principal references are in full-faced type._)

Abbott, C. C., 44, 52, 57, 69. Adair, J., 61. Alsop, G., 14. Anthony, A., 156, 161, 219. Aupaumut, H., 18, 20, 23, 45, 113.

Baraga, J., 35, 59, 62. Barton, B. S., 146. Beach, W. W., 115, 125. Beatty, C., 23, 47, 69, 138. Bozman, J., 15, 23, 29. Brainerd, D., 46, 62, 65, 127, 137. Brickell, J., 64. Brunner, D. F., 52, 57.

Campanius, T., 66, =75=, 96, 116, 126, 131. Clark, W. P., 152. Copway, G., 61, 160, 219. Cummings, A., 87. Cuoq, F. H., 71, 105.

Darlington, W., 50. Darwin, C., 140. De Laet, 31. Dencke, C. F., 84. Denny, E., 86, 94. Donkers, J., 132. Drake, S. G., 163. Duponceau, P. S., 77, 102, 121, 155. Durant, M., 122.

Eager, 36. Ettwein, J., 14, 18, 47, 51, =83=, 132, 229, etc. Evelin, R., 41.

Fast, C., 125. Fleet, H., 27. Force, M. J., 29, 31. Foulke, W. P., 116.

Gallatin, A., 31, 112, 120. Gray, A., 149, 155. Grube, B. A., 83, 256. Guss, N. L., 14.

Haldeman, S. S., 150, 162. Hale, H., 12, 17, 18, 36, 95, 112, 156. Hammond, W. A., 110. Harrison, W. H., 64, 112. Haven, S. F., 150. Haywood, J., 17. Heckewelder, J., 15-16, 18, 20-23, 30, 35, 43, 78, 92, 128, 136, 140, 146, 219, etc. Hendricks, Capt., 21. Henry, M. J., 37, 45, =86=. Hoffman, W. J., 152. Holland, F. R., 85. Hough, 125, 229. Howse, J., 13, 94, 98, 103, 105.

James, E., 61, 152. Jogues, I., 225. Jones, D., 60. Jones, P., 16. Johnston, J., 26, 30, 125, 145.

Kalm, P., 46, 50, 52. Kampman, Rev., 28, 84.

Lacombe, A., 12, 26, 43, 103, etc. Lawson, J., 61. Lindstrom, 131. Long, J., 20. Loskiel, G. H., 18, 29, 47, 70, 91, 137, 229, etc. Luckenbach, A., 85.

McCoy, I., 125. McKenney, T. L., 224. Mallery, G., 152. Martin, H., 54. Maurault, J. A., 256. Mayer, B., 162. Meeker, J., 87. Mezzofanti, Cardinal, 108. Morgan, L. H., 12, 19, 21, 34, 40, 47, 93. Morse, J., 31, 113, 145. Murray, W. V., 24.

Neill, E. D., 27.

Occum, S., 67, 70.

Peale, F., 51. Peet, S. D., 124. Penn, Wm., 58, 75, 122. Petitot, E., 256. Pickering, J., 94. Porter, T. C., 57. Proud, R., 20, 37, 45.

Rafinesque, C. S., =148=, etc. Rasles, S., 60, 94, etc. Reichel, W. C., 22. Richardson, J., 58. Roth, J., =78=. Ruttenber, E. M., 20, 21, 36, 42, 55, 116, 119.

Schmick, J. J., 22. Schoolcraft, H. R., 20, 58, 62, 87, 109, 133, 160, 129, etc. Schweinitz, E. de, 25, 62, 129, etc. Scull, N., 36. Shea, J. G., 14, 231. Silliman, B., 155. Sluyter, Peter, 132. Smith, G., 38. Smith, J., 23, 26, 114. Smith, S., 37. Squier, E. G., 163, 167, 219, etc. Stiles, Pres., 35. Strachey, W., 67.

Tanner, J., 152, 160, 219. Thomas, C., 17. Thomas, G., 54, =75=, 91, 96. Thompson, C., 48, 115, 121. Tobias, G., 87, 88. Trumbull, J. H., 20, 30, 33, 46, 49, 71, 74, 90, 97, 105, 219, etc. Tryon, G. W., 150.

Van der Donck, 44, 51, 136. Vincent, F., 60.

Ward, Dr., 153-4. Wassenaer, 55, 72. Watson, J., Weiser, Conrad, 60, 123. Whipple, Lt., 87, 96. White, A., 27, 28. Wied, Prince of, 55. Williams, R., 30, 55, 61, 94.

Young, T., 38, 63.

Zeisberger, 35, 55, 62, 69, =76=, 105, 113, 129, 134, etc.

INDEX OF SUBJECTS

(_The principal references are in full-faced type_.)

Abnaki, 11, 19. derivation of name, 256. Age of Gold, 135, 222. Agozhagauta, 14, 255. derivation of, 255 Algonkins, location, 9. dialects, 11, 89, 93. dialects, traits of, 89. myths, 67, 130, 164, 167. legends, 145. eastern origin of, 14, 145, 256. Allemœbi, chief, 123. Alligewi, 141-2, 229-31. Alleghany, derivation, 229-31. Alternating consonants, 94. Andastes, 14. Arms, native, 53. Assigunaik, 228. Assiwikales, 32. Auquitsaukon, 35.

Bear, Naked, legend of, 146. Blackfeet, 9, 49, 130. Bones, preservation of, 25, 54. Book, Lenape word for, 59. Brandywine creek, Indians on, 48. Brant, Joseph, 122. Brush nets, 53. Buffalo, the, 226.

Cachnawayes, 26. Canai. See _Conoys_. Canassatego, 15, 114, 121. Canaways. See _Conoys_. Cantico, derivation, 73. Cape May, tribes at, 41. Cardinal Points, the, 67. Carolina, tribes from, 25, 31, 32. Catawbas, 31. Cherokees, 13, =16=, 166, 230. Chesapeake Bay, Indians on, 15, 23-5. Chicomoztoc, 139. Chihohockies, 37. Chiholacki, the, 20, 37. Chilicothe, 30. Chipeways, 9, 56, 62, 113, 130-1, 151-2, 222. Christina Creek, 15. Civility, chief, 48. Cohongorontas, 15. Condolence, custom of, 18. Conestoga Creek, 15. Conestogas, 14. Confederacy, Algonkin, 19. Conoys, =25=. Conoy town, 29. Copper, use of, 50, 52. Cree dialect, 10, 12, 98. Crees, 9. Crosweeksung, _or_ Crosswicks, 45.

Dance, sacred, 73. Deed, First Indian, 120. Delamattenos, 16. See _Talamatans_ and _Hurons_. Delawares. See _Lenape_. Deluge, Myth of, 134, 167. Dialects of the Lenni Lenape, 91. Dogs, 54. Dreams, belief in, 70. Dyes, use of, 53.

Eastlanders, 19. Eries, 13. Ermomex, 42. Eskimos, 70, 232.

Fairfield, founding of, 124. Fire worship, 65, 73. Fish River, 229. Five Nations. See _Iroquois_. "Four Sticks," the, 152. Four winds as deities, 65, 67. Foxes, tribe, 11, 113. Friends, their relations to the Indians, 63, 126. Frog Indians, 44.

Ganawese. See _Conoys_. Gekelemukpechunk, town, 123. Gesture-speech, native, 152. Glus-kap, Micmac god, 130. Gnadenhütten, 124-5, 128. Gollitchy, chief, 118. Gookin, Governor, 118. Gordon, Governor, 119. Grave Creek Mounds, 17. Grandfathers, Delawares as, 23, 113. Grandfathers, Fire as, 65, 73. Guaranis, the, 70.

Hare, the Great, 66. Head, idols of, 68. Heart, symbolic meaning of, 71. Hieroglyphics, native, 57. Hithquoquean, chief, 117. Hurons, 13, =16=, 144, 165, 168, 231.

Idols, 68. Indian corn. See _Maize_. Indian paths, the, 45. Inscribed stones, 57. Interments, 54. Iroquois, location, 13. history, 110, 114, 120.

Kanawha, derivation, 26. Kanawhas. See _Conoys_. Kansas, Delawares in, 126. Kikeron, 132-3. Kittawa-Cherokees, 16. Koquethagachton, chief. See _White Eyes_. Kuscarawocks, 23.

Lenape, the, =33=. myths of, 130. Lenape dialects, 91, sqq. prefixes, 99. grammatical structure, 105. derivation, 33. Light, worship of, 65, 130, 132. Long Island, Indians of, 67, 70. Long Walk, the, 115, 128.

Machtoga, a festival, 73. Macocks, 38. Mahicanni. See _Mohegans_. Maize, native name of, 48. origin of, 228. Manabozho, See _Michabo_. Manito, derivation of, 219. Mantes, 42, =44=. Manufactures, 51. Marcus Hook, derivation, 39. Masco, chief, 145. Meday worship, 71. Medicine men, 71, 135. rattle, 135. lodge, 71. Mengwe, derivation, 14, 116, 141. Mesukkummegokwa, 222. Miamis, 9, 144, 146. Michabo, 130, 167. Micmacs, 10, 48, 130. Milky Way, myth of, 70. Mingo, 15, 116, 118. Mingo Creek, 15. Minisink. See _Minsi_. Minquas, 14. Minsi, 19, 36, 114, 116-7, 122. dialect, 92. Mission Delaware dialect, 97. Mohegan dialect, 22, 93. Mohegans, 19, =20=, 165. myths of, 136, 139. Monsey. See _Minsi_. Montauk Indians, 67. Mounds, building of, 17, 51. builders, 231. Munsees. See _Minsi_, Myths of Lenapes, 130.

Namaes sipu, 141, 143. Nanabozho, 130-1, 166, 224. Nanticoke dialect, 24. Nanticokes, =22=, 145. traditions of, 139. Narraticons, 42. Neobagun, the, 151-2. Neutral Nation, 13. New Albion, 41. New Jersey Lenape, =40=, 127, 256. New Jersey Lenape, their dialect, 46, 93, 95. Ninniwas, 151. Nottoways, 13.

Obviative, in Lenape, 107. Ohio, Delawares in, 124-5. Okahokis, 38. Old Sack, 25 OLUM, derivation of, 153. Onas, name of Penn, derivation, 95. Onondagas, 117. Opings, 21, 42. Opossum, the, 43. Opuhnarke, the, 19. Osages, 151, 161. Ossuaries, 23, 54. Otayachgo, tribe, 22. Ottawas, 113, 122, 140, 145, 232.

Paint, word for, 60. Paints, use of, 53. Paint Creek, 60. Palisades, 51. Pascatoway, derivation, 26. Pascatoways, 15, =26=, 47. Passive voice, in American languages, 108. Peace-belt, the, 47, 114. Peace chiefs, 47. Penn, Wm., 75, 116, 122, 127. his Indian name, 95. his treaties, 120. Pequods, 30. Pictographs, 56. Pipes, 40, 118. Piquas, 29. Piscatoways. See _Pascatoways_. Playwickey, derivation, 39. Pohhegan, the, 35. Pomptons, 42-3. Potomac, Indians near, 25, 67. Iroquois name of, 15. Pottawatomies, 11, 113. Pottery, native, 51. Powwow, derivation, 70, 227. Priests, native, 70. Pueblo Indians, 110.

Record Sticks, 59. RED SCORE, the, 161.

Sachem, derivation, 46. Sacs _or_ Sauks, 11, 113. Safe Harbor, inscription, 57. Sanhicans, 43. Sapoonies, the, 31. Scheyichbi, 40, 143. Scythians, disease of, 110. Senecas, 117, 121. Serpent worship, 71-2, 167, 222, 231. Seven, as a sacred number, 139. Shamokin, 29, 115, 123. Shawnees, =29=, 39, 113, 119, 145, 219. sacred song of, 145, note. Shekomeko, 128. Sign-language, native, 152. Snake, the Great, 71, 167. Snake people, the, 165, 227, 231. land, the, 167, 231. water, 136. Soap-stone, use of, 52. Soul, doctrine of, 69. Spears, use of, 53. Stars, knowledge of, 55. Stockbridge Indians, 45, 113. Sun worship, 65. Susquehanna, derivation of, 14. lands, 120. Susquehannocks, =13=, 53, 116, 121.

Tadirighrones, 31. Talamatans, 165, 168, 231. Talega, the, 165-6. Talligewi, 141-2, 229, 231. Tamany, 41, 117, 229. Tatemy, Moses, 128. Taurus, constellation of, 55. Tawatawas, 146. Taway _or_ Tawas, 232. Tedpachxit, chief, 124-5. Tedyuscung, 33, 40. Thahutoolent, chief, 125. Thousand Isles, the, 165. Tiawoo, the, 22. Time, computation of, 55. Tobacco, name and culture, 49, 228. Tockwhoghs, 23. Tollan, 225. Totemic animals, the, 39, 68. marks, 39, 57. Towanda, derivation,23. Tsalaki, 166, 230. Tula, 225. Turkey River = Ohio, 39. Turkey sub-tribe. See _Unalachtgos._ Turtle, symbol of, 132-5. Turtle sub tribe. See _Unamis_, Twelve, a sacred number, 73. Twightees, 146, 232.

Unalachtgo, derivation, 36. Unalachtgos, 37. Unami, derivation, 36. dialect, 79-80, 91. Unamis, 37.

Virgin-mother, myth of, 131. Vowel change in Lenape, 107.

WALAM, derivation, 60, 104, 161. WALAM OLUM. evidences of its authenticity, 67, 89, 155-8, 225. history of, 151. phonetic system, 159. metrical form, 159. pictographic system, 160. MS. of, 162. synopsis of, 164. Wallamünk, 53, 60. Wampanos, 21, 128. Wampum belts, 47, 138. Wapanachki, the, =19=. Wapemmskmk, town, 124. Wapings, 21, 24, 128. Wappingers, the, 20. War captains, 47. Water god, the, 222. Wendats. See _Hurons._ We-shellaqua, 219-20. White Eyes, chief, 58, 121, 123. White River, the, 124, 144, 153. Winicaco, 24. Wingenund, chief, 58. Wiwash, the, 25. Women, the Lenape as, 109. Wonameys, 36. Wolf sub-tribe. See _Minsis_. Wyandots, 13, =16=, 231.

Year, the native, 55.

Zanzendorf, Count, 128.

LIBRARY --OF-- ABORIGINAL AMERICAN LITERATURE, GENERAL EDITOR AND PUBLISHER: D. G. BRINTON, M.D.

The aim of this series of publications is to put within the reach of scholars authentic materials for the study of the languages and culture of the native races of America. Each work is the production of the native mind, and is printed in the original tongue, with a translation and notes, and only such are selected as have some intrinsic historical or ethnological importance. The volumes of the series are sold separately, at the prices named.

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End of Project Gutenberg's The Lenâpé and their Legends, by Daniel G. Brinton