chapter IV of _John Inglesant_. In 1896 Emma Marshall, in _A Haunt

of Ancient Peace_, also introduced the life of Little Gidding into a fictitious narrative. In 1899 the _Story Books_ of Little Gidding were edited by E. C. Shorland. In _Archæologia_ for 1888 is Captain J. E. Ackland's "Catalogue of the Gidding Concordances." In Thomas Hearne's _Caii Vindiciæ_, vol. II, pp. 713-94, is "Remains of the Maiden-Sisters' Exercises at Little Gidding." In _Bibliographica_ is an account of the Bindings. See also Godfrey's _Social Life under the Stuarts_, pp. 209-15.

[85] Carter, T. T.: _Life of Nicholas Ferrar_, p. 127.

[86] _Bibliographica_, vol. II, pp. 129-49. Article by Cyril Davenport.

[87] See p. 54.

[88] Monroe: _Cyclopædia of Education_, under "Private Schools."

[89] _Notes and Queries_, 1st Series, vol. XI, p. 279.

[90] Monroe, Paul: _Cyclopædia of Education_, under "Gerbier"; _Notes and Queries_, 1st Series, vol. III, p. 317.

[91] Hill, Georgiana: _Women in English Life_, vol. I, p. 150.

[92] See p. 46.

[93] See p. 74.

[94] See p. 69.

[95] See _The Philosophical and Physical Opinions, Written by her Excellency, the Lady Marchionesse of Newcastle_, London, 1655 (containing Lord Newcastle's "Epistle to justifie the Lady Newcastle, and Truth against falsehood, laying those false and malicious aspersions of her, that she was not Author of her Books." Also "To the Reader," "To the Two Universities," "An Epilogue" and several brief introductory epistles); _Philosophical Letters: or, Modest Reflections Upon some Opinions in Natural Philosophy, Maintained by several Famous and Learned Authors of this Age, Expressed by way of Letters: By the Thrice Noble, Illustrious, and Excellent Princess, the Lady Marchioness of Newcastle_, London, 1664 (containing "To His Excellency the Lord Marquis of Newcastle," "To the most Famous University of Cambridge" and "To the Reader"); _A True Relation of the Birth, Breeding, and Life of Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle, Written by Herself. With a Critical Preface, etc., by Sir Egerton Brydges, M.P. Printed at the private Press of Lee Priory_, 1814 (taken from _Nature's Pictures drawn by Fancy's Pencil_); _The Lives of William Cavendish Duke of Newcastle, and of his wife Margaret Duchess of Newcastle. Written by the thrice noble and illustrious Princess, Margaret, Duchess of Newcastle_, ed. by Mark Antony Lower, M.A., London, 1872 (a reprint of the first edition of 1667); _The Life of William Cavendish Duke of Newcastle to which is added, The True Relation of My Birth, Breeding, and Life by Margaret, Duchess of Newcastle_, ed. by C. H. Firth, M.A., Scribner, 1886; _Letters and Poems in Honour of the Incomparable Princess, Margaret, Dutchess of Newcastle, Written by Several Persons of Honour and Learning. In the Savoy_, 1676; Ballard: _Memoirs_, pp. 299-306; Walpole, Horace: _Royal and Noble Authors_.

[96] _Philosophical and Physical Opinions_, Duke of Newcastle's "Epistle."

[97] _Ibid._, "To the Reader."

[98] _Philosophical and Physical Opinions_, "To the Reader," pp. 100-101.

[99] _Philosophical and Physical Opinions_, Duke of Newcastle's "Epistle."

[100] _Ibid._, "Address to the Two Universities."

[101] _Life of Duke and Duchess of Newcastle_ (ed. Frith), p. xxxi.

[102] Scott, Sir Walter: _Peveril of the Peak_, chap. XLV.

[103] Osborne, Dorothy: _Letters_ (ed. Parry), pp. 92, 111.

[104] On swearing note the following extract from a sixteenth-century writer: "There is no regyon nor countrie that doth use more swearynge than is used in Englande, for a chyld that scarse can speake, a boy, a gyrle, a wenche, now-a-days wyl swere as great othes as an old knave and an old drabbe.... As for swearers a man nede not to seke for thym, for in the Kynges courte and lordes courtes in cities, borowes and in townes, and in every house, in maner there is abbominable swerynge, and no man dothe go about to redresse it, but doth take swearyng as for no sinne, which is a damnable synne; and they the which doth use it, be possessed of the Devill, and no man can helpe them but God and the Kynge." (Hill, Georgiana: _Women in English Life_, vol. I, p. 116.)

See p. 317 for reprobation of "female swearers" in _The Ladies' Calling_ (1671). Swift's _Polite Conversation_ (1738) bears the same implication as to the manners of good society in the first quarter of the eighteenth century.

[105] The "Matchless Orinda" gives us an inkling of the way some of this praise should be discounted. It seems that Waller was reported to have said that he would give all his own poems to have been the author of a poem written by the Duchess of Newcastle. On being taxed with insincerity he answered that he could "do no less in Gallantry than be willing to devote all his own Papers to save the Reputation of a Lady, and keep her from the Disgrace of having written anything so ill." (_Letters from Orinda to Poliarchus_, Letter XLII.)

[106] _Life of the Duchess of Newcastle_ (ed. Brydges), "Critical Preface."

[107] Aubrey: _Brief Lives_, vol. II, pp. 153-54.

[108] Keats, John: _Letters to his Family and Friends_, pp. 29-30.

[109] Philips, Mrs. Katherine: _Letters from Orinda to Poliarchus_,