Part 4

238 _lauatiza_: Lauona, CA;=Vona Bay (ibid.).

239 _simiso_: =Samsun (ibid.).

240 _sinopi_: =anct. Sinope, mod. Sinob. (ibid.).

241 _do..s..l.._(?): Docastelli (ibid., 650);=Kidros (ibid.).

242 _borli_: =?Boli (which, however, is in the interior).

243 _samastro_: =Amasra (ibid.).

244 _chio_: Thio, CA;=anct. Thios Prom. (ibid.).

245 _punta rachia_: =anct. Heraclea Pontica, mod. Bender Ergli (ibid.).

246 _algiro_: =Anadoli Kawak (ibid.).

(C) Aegean coast

247 _lesm_|_ire_: =Smyrna (ibid., 653).

IX. Armenia, Caucasia, and Southeastern Russia

Mountain

248 Mt. Ararat is labeled _larche de noe_.

Rivers

249 A river connecting the Sea of Azof with the Caspian is shown on CA and CE, but without the branches reaching the Black Sea; on Piz. this river is named Flm’ Cicopo (the Cicopa of CA and other portolan maps being a north branch of the Kuban delta; Kret., Port., 646);=Kuban River (ibid.).

Caspian Sea

250 _Mare de Abachu_(?) (Sea of Baku): Mar de Sarra e de Bacu, CA; Mar de Sala e de Bacu, CE.

Edifices

(A) West Coast of the Caspian Sea

251 Illeg.: =?

252 _famach_|_i_: Siamachi, Vat. (Pullé, 9);=?Shemakha (ibid., 8, n. 4).

253 _baram_|_achi_: Barmachu, CA;=?

254 _abachu_: Bacu, CA;=Baku.

(B) Between the Black and Caspian Seas

255 _porte_ | _deuee_(?): ?Porte de Fer (see 72 and Hallb., 414).

256 _armin_|_ia_.

257 _armin_|_ia_: Dupl. of 256.

(C) Coasts of Sea of Azof and Black Sea

258 _..na_(?): =?Tana, important medieval commercial city at mouth of the Don;=mod. Azof (Kret., Port., 645; Hallb., 503-504).

259 _trab_|_exon_|_da_: =Trebizond (Kret., Port., 648).

Place Names in Southeastern Russia

260 _seuastopoli_: =anct. and med. Sebastopolis on coast of Abkhasia (Kret., Port., 647).

261 _auogaxi_: =Abkhasia (ibid., 646).

262 _mengreli_: Mingrelians or Mingrelia (ibid., 647).

263 _zichia_: =“regional name of Circassia” (ibid., 646).

264 _copa_: =Copa (ibid.).

265 _matraca_: =Matrega, Genoese trading town on Taiman Peninsula (ibid.).

X. Indian Ocean, Persian Gulf, and Red Sea

266 _Ma....dicho_: Mare Indicho.

267 _Mare de persia._

268 _M......._: Mare rosso.

269 ... _Taprobana_: Trapobana, CA, CE; the Taprobane of the ancient geographers was Ceylon; in the Middle Ages the name was probably applied to Sumatra (Cordier, CA, 57-58; Kret., CE, 107; for suggested identifications of places shown in Trapobana on CA see Gerini, 646-647).

270 _famda_|_bo_(?): ?Regio Femarum (for Feminarum) on island of Iana, CA, which is perhaps a reflection of Polo’s story of the Male and Female Islands (ii, 404-405); see also Gerini, 647, n. 2.

271 Illeg.: =?

272 _m..._(?): ?Malao, on both Trapobana and Iana, CA; Mallao, on Jaua, CE:=?.

273 _leuia_: Leroa, on Trapobana, CA;=?

274 _y. caina_: Caynam, CA, CE;=?Andaman Islands (Buchon and Tastu, p. 137).

275 _ixole doue na_[se] _p_ | _et altre spe_[z] _ie_ (islands where pepper and other spices are produced): Legend on CA runs: “In the sea of the Indies are 7548 islands of which we cannot enumerate here the marvelous riches, not only in gold and silver but also in spices and precious stones”; from Polo (ii, 264), who also, like Leardo, mentions pepper.

276 _y^a de ceridus_: Ceredim, CE; ?Serendib, Arabic name for Ceylon.

277 _y ..corto_(?): ?Setrocha, CE;=?Socotra.

278 Nameless island, corresponds in shape and position to the Iana of CA and Jaua of CE;=Java (Cordier, CA, p. 61);=Sumatra (Gerini, p. 834).

279 Legends on this island illegible; it is, however, similar in shape to Salam or Silan of CE;=?Ceylon.

280 Illeg.: =?

281 _y .. siliraoil_(?): =?

XI. Southern Africa

Mountains

282 _M^o elefans_: Elephas Mons on the east coast of Africa, Ptol. (IV, 7:10 (FA15));=Ras el-Fil (Vivien de St. Martin, 288).

283 _Monti doue se caua m ... ro_ [molto oro, Leardo, 1448] (mountain where much gold is mined): Pliny (Nat. hist., VI, 189) mentions the abundance of gold in Ethiopia between Napata and the Red Sea.

Edifices

(A) South Shore of the Red Sea

284 _gobari_: Zobar or Gobar, Leardo, 1448;=?Zanzibar (Santarem, iii, 437).

285 _uigie_: ?Vuigie, in interior of Prester John’s realm, Mauro;=?

286 _tobo_|_let_(?): =?

287 _scuendn_(?): Stuendi, Mauro;=?Suakin.

288 _traged_|_it_(?): Tragoditi, Mauro; Troglodytica Regio, in East Africa, Ptol. (IV, 7: 27 (FA 15));=country along W coast of Red Sea between Egypt and Abyssinia (Vivien de St. Martin, 471-474).

289 _satoris_(?): Catoris, Mauro;=?

290 _basag .._ |_r_(?): =?

(B) Eastern “Horn” of Africa

291 _acoan_: Aicoum de Afra, Leardo, 1448 (Santarem, iii, 437); Hascum, Mauro;=?Axum in Abyssinia (La R., ii, 115).

292 _safola_: Sofrala, Mauro;=?Sofala.

293 _medi_|_fola_: =?—294 _prouinzie_ | _dofir_: P. Davaro, Mauro;=?Dawaro in Abyssinia (La R., ii, 113, 132).

295 _gfen_|_uj_(?): =?

296 _flmodo_(?): =?

297 _dela .._ (?): =?

(C) Central Region

298 _milua_|_s_(?): =?

299 _Inperio del_ | _presto Jani_ (Empire of Prester John): Prester John is shown in this part of Africa on CA and CE. On the origins of the legend of Prester John and on the transference of the realm of this mythical potentate from Asia to Africa in popular tradition see Kret., CE, 99-101; Wright, Lore, 283-286.

300 _ta . . ._ |_n_(?): =?

301 _grafai_: =?

302 _fe . . ._(?): =?

303 _mesa_: Con. (36) says that Prester John always resides at Malsa (Jiménez de la Espada, 222; La R., i, 61).

304 _carap_(?): =?

Longer Legends

305 _DIXERTO DEXABITADO PER CALDO_ (desert uninhabited on account of heat): Leardo, 1448, Walsperger, 1448, and Borgia, 1452, “all show a similar torrid zone, though the theory was protested against by Fra Mauro, Diogo Gomez, and doubtless by others” (A. Rainaud, Le continent austral: hypothèses et découvertes, Paris, 1893, 199); on the development and history of this theory see especially Rainaud, passim; also Wright, Lore, 18, 157-161.

306 _dixerto_.

307 _qui nase homeni | che ano Il uolto | nel petto_ (here are born men who have the face in the chest): Such monsters are described by Solinus, 31,5; Isidore, Etym., XI, 3, 17; and shown on the Hereford map (Miller, Mappaemundi, iv, 45).

XII. Middle and Lower Nile Region

Mountains

308 _M^o. dimas_: Mons dimas, Mauro;=?

309 _M^o. libuzio_: Montes Libyci, Ptol. (IV, 5: 19 (FA14));=escarpment overlooking Nile Valley on W (PW, xiii, 148).

310 _M^o. pilazi_: Mons Pollaza, Mauro; ?Pylaei Montes in Ethiopia, Ptol. (IV, 7: 26 (FA15));=?

311 _M^o. arazas_: Arangas Mons, in Lybia Interior, Ptol. (IV, 6: 12 (FA15));=?

Rivers and Lakes

312 _f. nillo_: The course of the Nile and its tributaries corresponds essentially with that of CE (Kret., CE, 89-91; see also 338).

313 _f. stapus_: Astapus Fl. in Ethiopia, Ptol. (IV, 7:24 (FA15));=Bahr al-Azraq, or Blue Nile (PW, ii, 1775-1776; Besnier, 96).

Other Natural Features

314 _Etiopia dezito_: Ethiopian desert.

315 _Libia dixerta_; Deserta Libya, Ptol. (IV, 3:27 (FA13)).

316 _dixerta arenoxa | qui nase animali quat|rupedi che ano Il uolto | domo_ (sandy desert where are born quadruped animals which have the face of a man): Possibly refers to the mantichora of Pliny (Nat. hist., VIII, 21; see Wright, Lore, 468).

317 _y^a. meroe_: Island of Meroë, Ptol. (IV, 7 (FA15)).

Edifices

(A) West Coast of Red Sea

318 _filistina_: =Palestine.

319 _aid . p_(?): Aydip, CA;=Aidhab.

320 _cidor_(?): =?

321 _climas_: Climas, Mauro;=?

(B) On the Nile and Stapus

322 _alesan|dria_: Alexandria, CA.

323 _babilonia_: Babillonja, CA; Babilonia, CE;=the medieval name of Old Cairo.

324 _sacon_: Sohan, CA; Soan, CE;=anct. Syene, mod. Aswan.

325 _bac ._(?): =?

326, 327, 328, 329 Illeg.

(C) On North Shore of West African Gulf

330, 331 Illeg.

Place Name, West Coast of Red Sea

332 _tes_ (or _tos_): ?Chos, CA; Con.;=?Qoseir

XIII. Upper Nile Region and West Africa

Mountains

333 _M^o. Bardtion_(?): Bardetus Mons in Ethiopia Interior, Ptol. (IV, 8: 6 (FA15)).

334 _M^o. Lune docho | nasitur nillo_ (Mountains of the Moon from which the Nile rises): According to a long legend on CE these mountains are called “Gibel Camar by the Saracens, which means Mountains of the Moon in our tongue”; they are so high that although they lie on the equator both poles may be seen from them. The famous Mountains of the Moon were first mentioned by Ptolemy (IV, 8: 3); see also Kret., CE. 91-92.

335 _M^o. capis_: Caphas Mons in Libya Interior, Ptol. (IV, 6: 9 (FA15)); see PW, x, 1892.

336 _M^o. deo ue | chulum_(?): ?Deorum Currus Mons in Libya Interior, Ptol. (IV, 6:9 (FA15)); farthest point south on W coast of Africa reached by Hanno;=Mt. Sagres in Sierra Leone (Vivien de St. Martin, 394-396);=Cameroons Mountain (see articles by J. de Hart in Journ. African Soc., xxv, 1926, 264-277 (noted in Geogr. Rev., xvi, 1926, 661-662), and by R. Hennig in Geogr. Zeitschr., xxxiii, 1927, 378-392).

Island

337 _y^a. de prenje_: ?Insula Palola, Carignano, Piz. (Fischer, 141);=?

Rivers, Lake, Seacoast

338 The upper course of the Nile with the great lake and its tributaries rising in the Mountains of the Moon (334) corresponds essentially to CE (Kret., CE, 89-91); CE, however, shows a subterranean passage of the river W of Meroe. On ancient and medieval theories regarding the course of the Nile, see Simar, passim; Langenmaier, 47-48; Wright, Lore, 304-306. See also 312, 334.

339 The bay with the red, cross-shaped island is represented on CE by an island in the delta of the West-African river.

Desert

340 _mare | arenoxe_ (Sandy Sea): On CE there are two legends indicating sandy areas in West Africa (Kret., CE, 96).

Edifices

(A) North of Nile-Senegal

341 _R^o doga|n ._(?): ?Organa, CA; Rey dOrgana, CE;=empire of Ghana or Kanem (La R., i, 136).

342 _R^o....._(?): =?

343 _almesia_: Almesia, CA;=Mzab (La R., i, 136).

344 _ma .._ (?): =?

(B) South of Nile-Senegal

345-349 Illeg.

350 _R^o m...|nel_(?): =?.

351 Illeg.

Place Names

(A) Between Mt. Bardtion and the Mountains of the Moon

352 _elcor_(?): Probably an Arabic name with article, el;=?

353 _anesa_: =?

354 _elundia_: see 352;=?

355 _dendenie_: ?Dendi of Antony Malfant’s narrative of a voyage to Tuat in 1447 (La R., i, 154).

356 _dris|na_: =?

357 _solla_: Soll, CE; ?Sala, Idrisi;=?Sele, S of Timbuktu (Miller, Arab., 162).

358 _burga_: Burga, CE, a mountain in Gotonye, Con. (34);=?Burda, “mountain region of the Sudan E of river Shari, which flows into Lake Chad, and S of town of Kengas” (Jiménez de la Espada, 186).

359 _quilan_: Quilam, CE;=?

(B) North of Headwaters of the Nile

360 _ganugia_: ?Geugeu, CA;=Gâo (La R., i, 136).

361 _geuene_: Ginyia, CA; Guineua, CE;=Ghana (La R., i, 135; Kret., CE, 96-97).

362 _atelas_: =?

363 _ansica_: Anzicha, CA;=In Ziza (La R., i, 136, 138).

364 _tablet_: Tabelbelt, CA; Tibalbert, Con. (30);=Tabelbert (La R., i, 118).

365 _artixe_: =?

366 _tocor_: Tacort, CA;=Tuggurt (La R., i, 136). See also 368.

(C) Eastern Row of Names N of River Senegal

367 _tutega_: Tutega, Vilad.;=Tijikja (La R., i, 135).

368 _tocor_: Dupl. of 366.

369 _udam_: Sudan, CA;=Sudan (La R., i, 136).

370 _tusont_: =?

371 _tagaza_: Tagaza, CA;=Teghaza (La R., i, 136). See also 373.

372 _getulla_: Gaetulia, Ptol. (IV, 6: 15 (FA15));=desert region S of Morocco.

373 _tagase_: Dupl. of 371.

374 _temenadis_: Temenasin, CA;=?Tlemsen.

375 _Regnio de belemon_: Rex Belmarin, Bianco; “dynasty of Beni Marin which ruled in Fez in the thirteenth century and at Tremcen [Tlemsen] until 1407” (Simar, 295, from Santarem, iii, 368).

(D) Western Row of Names N of River Senegal

376 _Fisengan_: Ihsengam, Vilad.; “name now used by the negroes to designate the sandy regions on the west bank of the Senegal” (La R., i, 134).

377 _uilodesci_: This name is so much like that of the map-maker, Mecia de Viladestes, that one is almost tempted to believe that his signature has somehow found its way as a place name to Leardo’s map.

378 _tasu_: =?

379 _mascarota_: Mascarota, CA; Masquarota, CE;=Tamgrut (La R., i, 137).

380 _agof_: =?

381 _dunardin_: ?Tarudant, Idrisi (Miller, Arab., 177);=?Tarudant.

382 _ubêda_: Ubaâduch, CA;=?

383 _altamar_: Alamara, CA; Zichialhamara, Con. (29);=the Saghuiet el-Hamra in northern Rio d’Oro (La R., i, 134).

384 _safinet_(?): =?

XIV. North Africa

Mountains

To the mountain range of North Africa, a stock feature on medieval maps, Leardo adds at random garbled Ptolemaic names.

385 _M^o. Jouis_: Dios vel Jovis Mons in Province of Africa (Tunisia), Ptol. (IV, 3: 18 (FA13)), badly out of place;=?Jebel Zaghwan, SW of Tunis (Müller, i, 635).

386 _M^o. galcas_: Zalacus Mons in Mauretania Caesariensis (Algeria), Ptol. (IV, 2, 14 (FA12));=a part of the Lesser Atlas SW of Algiers (see Müller, i, 601).

387 _M^o. usalatu|s_: Usalaetus Mons in Province of Africa (Tunisia), Ptol. (IV, 3:18 (FA13));=Jebel Usselet near site of Hadrumetum (Müller, i, 635).

388 _M^o. masarus_: Mampsarus Mons in Province of Africa (Tunisia), Ptol. (l. c.).

389 _Mons. bur.ea_(?): Buzara Mons where Mauretania Caesariensis, the Province of Africa, and Libya Interior meet, Ptol. (IV, 2:16; IV, 3:16 (FA13));=?Jebel bu-Kahil, S of Bu-Saada, Algeria (PW, iii, 1094).

390 _M^o flruxu_(?): Phrouraesus Mons in Mauretania Caesariensis (Algeria), Ptol. (IV, 2:16 (FA12));=?Jurjura, SE of Algiers (Müller, i, 602).

391 _M^o. garis_: Garas Mons in Mauretania Caesariensis, Ptol. (l. c.).

392 _Alta mons_: Atlas Mons Minor on Atlantic coast of Mauretania Tingitana (Morocco), Ptol. (IV, 1:2 (FA12)); see PW, ii, 2119.—

River

393 A river rising SW of the Atlas Mountains and entering the western Mediterranean is shown on many fourteenth and fifteenth century maps. On CA, instead of rising in a lake with three tributaries, as Leardo represents it, the river encircles the city of Sigilmessa (=Tissimi, in oasis of Tafilet, Miller, Arab., 177), where it is entered by four tributaries from the south; a branch is also shown entering the Atlantic. On CE the river corresponds essentially to that of CA, except that the branch to the Atlantic has been made the main stream and the arm leading to the Mediterranean has been separated from that sea and converted into a doubled-channeled tributary of the main stream.

Edifices

(A) On or Near the Mediterranean Coast

394, 395 Illeg.

396 _africa_(?): The Roman Province of Africa (Tunisia), Ptol. (IV, 3 (FA13)).

397 _tunixi_: =Tunis (Kret., Port., 679).

398 _bona_: =Bône (ibid., 680).

399 _se ..._(?): Septa of Portolan charts;=Ceuta (ibid., 683).

(B) Interior, Along Northern Base of Mountain Range

400 Illeg.

401 _bizesta_(?): ?Bichest, CA;=?Biskra.

402, 403 Illeg.

Place Names

(A) On Mediterranean Coast

404 _lucha_: =“A place near Cape Lukka” or Ras el-Melh (Kret., Port., 675).

405 _c. bonand|rea_: Cape Bonandrea of Portolan charts;=Ras el-Hillil (ibid.).

406 Illeg.

407 _bnicho_(?): Bernicho of Portolan charts;=anct. Berenice, mod. Benghazi (ibid., 676).

408 Illeg.

409 _licodia_: =Ras el-Omja (ibid.).

410 _siden_: ?Sidra, CA;=island of Abu Sheifa (Bu Sceifa of Italian maps) (ibid.).

411 _casero sensor_: =Sensur (ibid., 677).

412 _rasimabaxi_: =Ras el-Makhbez (ibid.).

413 _stora_: =Stora (ibid., 680).

414 _ancol_: =Collo (ibid.).

415 _zizeri_: =Jijeli (ibid.).

416 _buzia_: =Bougie (ibid., 681).

417 _titelis_: =Cape Tedless (ibid.).

418 _arzeia_: =Arzeu (ibid., 682).

419 _or.m_(?): =Oran (ibid.).

420 _serem_: =?River Senam (ibid.).

421 _om.e_(?): =Honain, Cape Noe (ibid.).

422 _milela_: =Mellila (ibid., 683).

423 _larandie_: Larcudia of the Portolan charts (ibid.);=?

424 _molc|mar_(?): Molcemar of Portolan charts;=Alhucemas Islands (ibid.).

(B) Interior of Morocco

425 _manosa_: ?Manora of Portolan charts;=Mehedia (Kret., Port., 684).

426 _mosa_: ?Messa of Portolan charts;=?Massa (ibid., 685).

427 _maran_: =?

428 _zemar_: Zamor of Portolan charts;=Azammur (ibid., 684).

(C) Coast of Morocco

429 _ninfe_: Niffe of Portolan charts;=Casablanca (ibid.).

430 _sofin_: =Safi (ibid.).

XV. Black and Mediterranean Seas

Names of Seas

431 [Mare] _mauro_(?): Unnamed on CA and CE;=Black Sea.

432 [Mare] _de adriano_: =Adriatic Sea.

433 _Mare Me_[diterr]_ano_.

434 _Mare de Leone_: =Gulf of Lions.

Islands

435 _Cip_[ro]: =Cyprus.

436 _rodo_: =Rhodes.

437 _sio_: =Chios (Kret., Port., 660).

438 _arcipellago_.

439 _negropo_[nte]: =Euboea.

440 _y^a de chrete_ (?): =Crete.

441 _crsicha_.

442 _sardignia_.

443 _minoricha_: =Minorca.

444 _Maioricha_: =Majorca.

445 Illeg.

XVI. Southwestern Europe

Rivers

446 The Guadalquivir: similar course on CA and CE.

447 _f. lizer_: =Loire.

448 _f. stequana_: =Seine.

449 _f. rode|nus_: =Rhône.

Edifices

450 _gr ..._ (?): =Granada.

451 Illeg.

452 _span ..._ (?): =Spain.

453, 454 Illeg.

455 _bart.|nia_: =Brittany.

456 _fr ... |a_: =France.

457 Illeg.

458 _. ugn ..._(?): =?Avignon.

459 _proui|.._(?): =?Provence.

Place Names

(A) Atlantic Coast

460 _sibilia_(?): =Seville.

461 _lisbo|na_.

462 _galizia_.

463 _astora_: =Asturias.

464 _ganti|et_: =?

(B) Mediterranean Coast

465 _malica_: =Malaga.

466 _sarauignia_: =Salobrena (Kret., Port., 581).

467 _al_(?)_meria_.

467a _carta._(?)_enia_: =Cartagena.

468 _lacantera_:= Alicante (ibid., 584-585).

469 _denia_.

470 _toloxa_: =Tolosa.

471 _ualenza_: =Valencia.

472 _tortoxa_: =Tortosa.

473 _sale_: =Salou.

474 _taragona_.

475 _barzelona_.

476 _anpurie_: =Ampurias.

477 _coliuro_: =Collioure

478 _narbona_.

479 _monpolier_: =Montpelier.

480 _aquemorte_: =Aigues Mortes.

Regional Name

481 _guascognia_: =Gascony.

XVII. Atlantic Ocean and Islands

482 _Mare de spagnia._

483 Illeg.;=Canary Islands.

484 _Ingilterra._

485 _Schoz._(?): Scotia;=Scotland.

XVIII. Central Europe

Mountains

486 The Alps run due north from northern Italy.

Rivers and Lake

487 _f. renus_: =Rhine.

488 The Elbe, unnamed (see, however, 513); similar course on CE, CA, Bianco, and other maps.

489 _f. prexant_: =?

490 _f. sudum^r_(?): Sudumera, CA;=river of Sandomir, or Vistula (Hamy, 402).

491 _lacus senire_(?): ?Lacus Alech, CD; Lacus Nerja, CA;=?Bay of Putzig (Hamy, 400).

Edifices

492-497 All illeg.

498 _polana_: Polonia, CA;=Poland.

499 _panon|ia_: =?anct. Pannonia.

500 _carcou|ia_(?): Cracouja, CA;=Cracow.

501 _podol|.a_: =Podolia.

Place Names

(A) On the Rhine

502 _austrua_(?): =Austria.

503 _colognia_.

(B) Between Rhine and Elbe and on Elbe

504 _bemia_: =Bohemia.

505 _praga_: =Prague.

506 _drensna_: =Dresden.

507 _misen_: =Meissen.

508 _guse_: Guise, CA;=Würtzen (Hamy, 407).

509 _aquis_: =?

510 _mogropes_: Mangobror, CA;=?Magdeburg.

511 _argenimon_|_de_: Argent Munde, CA; Tangermünde (Buchon and Tastu, 49).

512 _stendar_: =Stendal.

513 _albia_: River name made into a place name;=Elbe.

(C) Between Elbe and Baltic

514 _gara gorda_(?): Garagona, CA;=Glogau (Hamy, 403).

515 _schlauonia_: =Sclavania, the name applied to the Slavic frontier region of Germany in the Middle Ages (Spruner-Mencke, Histor. Atlas, Mittelalter, No. 31).

516 _sasonia_: =Saxony.

517 _ludus|maior_: Ludis Magna, CA; Lundis Magna on Ptolemaic maps of the type called Scandico-Byzantine by Nordenskiöld (Periplus, 88); Bondismaguc, Con. (7; see Jiménez de la Espada 184-185);=?Lüdershagen, near Stralsund (Lelewel, ii, 65; Hamy, 400).

518 _dazia_: =Denmark.

519 _prusia_: =Prussia; see 523.

520 _colbera_: =Kolberg.

521 _alec_: Alech, CA;=Hela (Lelewel, ii, 65).

522 _stetin_.

523 _pursia_: Dupl. of 519.

524 _godanse_: Godansse, CA;=Danzig.

525 _scheipe_(?): Scorpe, CA;=?Stolp (Hamy, 400).

526 _Sudana_: Sudona, CA;=Sandecz (ibid., 402).

527 _pante|nia_: Prutenja, CA;=Königsberg on the Pregel (ibid., 401).

528 _eue_(?): =?

529 _albig_: Albing, CA;=Elbing (ibid., 402).

XIX. Italy

River

530 _f. po_.

Edifices

531 Illeg.: =?Genoa.

532 Illeg.: =?Florence.

533 Illeg.: =?Rome.

534 Illeg.: =?Naples.

535 Illeg.: Vignette represents St. Mark’s and the Campanile;=Venice.

Place Names

536 _. . g . ._ (?): =?Reggio di Calabria.

537 _cotron_: =Cotrone (Kret., Port., 618).

538 _taranto_.

539 _o_[t]_ranto_.

540 _brandizo_: =Brindisi.

541 _manfredonia_.

542 _guasto_: =Vasto (ibid., 621).

543 _ortona_.

544 _ancona_.

545 _fano_.

546 _pexara_: =Pesaro.

547 _rimano_: =Rimini.

548 _zexen^o_: =Cesenatico (ibid., 623).

549 _rauena_: =Ravenna.

550 _ferara_.

551 _chioca_: =Chioggia (ibid.).

XX. Southeastern Europe

Rivers

The river system corresponds generally with that of CA and CE.

552 _f. donoia_: =Danube.

553 _f. morana_: =Morava.

554 _f. drina_: =Drin.

555 _f. moree_(?): =?Moldau.

556, 557, 558: Three unnamed islands in the Danube; on CA these are named: Insula de Jaurim, Insula Buda, Insula de Sermona(?).

Edifices

559 _bu . . ._(?): =?Buda.

560 _m . . l . ._(?): =?

561 _ongar_|_ia_: =Hungary.

562 _serui_|_a_: =Serbia.

563 _bosn_|_a_(?): =Bosnia.

564 _ulachia_: =Wallachia.

565 _bulga_|_ria_.

Place Names

566 _dalmazi_.

567 _albania_.

568 _modon_: =Methone (Kret., Port., 635).

569 _coron_: =Corone (ibid.).

570 _salonichi_.

571 _filipopoli_.

572 _sofia_.

573 _andernopolli_: =Adrianople.

574 _garipolli_: =Gallipoli.

575 _pera_.

576 _costantinopoli_.

XXI. Baltic Sea

577 _Mar de alemani_: =Baltic Sea.

578 _y^a_(?) _gotlandia_: =Gottland.

579 Illeg.

XXII. Scandinavia

Mountains

580 The mountain system is a simplification of that shown on CE.

Rivers

581 _f. netur_: Flū Nectir, CE; Fl. Vectur, CD;=Motala, outlet of Lake Vettern (Hamy, 387).

582 _f. turontes_: Turuntus Fl. in Sarmatia, Ptol. (III, 5:2 (FA9));=Dvina (Müller, i, 412).

Longer Legends

583 _in q_[uesta par] _te si caualca su zervi_ | _tori et montoni et su queli fano le_ | _loro bataie_ (in this region they ride on deer, bulls, and sheep, and on these they make their battles): Compare legend on CE (Kret., CE, 214).

584 _In questa parte sta zente che non uide_ | _Il sole 4 mexe de lano_ (in this region there are people who do not see the sun for four months of the year): Santarem (iii, 409, note 2) suggests a relation between this and a passage in Jordanis, De rebus Geticis (Monumenta Germaniae historica, Auctorum antiquissimorum, Vol. 5, Part 1, Berlin, 1882, p. 58) descriptive of the Adogitae of Scanzia, who enjoy uninterrupted sunshine for forty days and darkness for an equal period each year (see also Fridtjof Nansen, In Northern Mists, New York, 1911, i, 130-134).

Place Names

585 _nouega_: =Norway.

586 _sechamor_: Scamor, CD;=Skanör (Hamy, 426).

587 _scarsa_: Scarsa, CD:=Skaraborg (Hamy, 383).

588 _zedina_: ?Andine, CD, which is possibly “nundinae,” with reference to the fairs of Skanör and Valsterbode (Hamy, 385).

589 _selandia_: =?Zealand, misplaced. See Nansen, Northern Mists, ii, 219.

590 _suzia_: Suecia, CD;=Sweden (Hamy, 383, 426).

591 _stochi_: Stocol, CD; Stocoll, CE;=Stockholm (Hamy, 386, 427).

592 _Erma_: ?Kalma, CD;=Kalmar (Hamy, 386, 427).

593 _sadezeflingt_(?): Suderpigel, CD; Sudechping, CE;=Söderköping (Hamy, 387, 427).

594 _saglat_: Asillang, CE; Assingland on fourteenth century map in Museo Borbonico, Naples (Hamy, 427);=?

595 _roder_|_in_: Roderin, CD; CE;=Roden, ancient name for the east coast of Sweden;=Rosladen (Hamy, 387, 427).

XXIII. Eastern Europe

Mountains

596 _M^o. ripei_: Dupl. of 2.

Rivers

597 Leardo’s unnamed river entering E extremity of Baltic is called Flum Nu on CD; Flum de Mi, CE;=Volkhof and Neva, confused (Hamy, 390).

598 _f. axiazes_: Axiaces Fl. of Sarmatia Europae, Ptol. (III, 5:18 (FA9)).

599 _f. turllo_: Kretschmer (Port., 642) records Flumen Turle only on an anonymous fifteenth century map in the Museum für Meereskunde, Berlin (ibid., pp. 133-135);=Dniester (ibid., 642).

Edifices

(A) North of Neva

600 _zimachia Inferior_: ?corruption of Sarmatia, Ptol. (passim (FA9)). See also 12.

601 _rosia_: =Russia.

(B) Between Don, Neva, and Black Sea

602 _Lordo_, applying to a group of tents;=the Golden Horde of Tatars (Hallb., 318-319).

603 _nogard_|_ia_: Nogorado, CD; Nogorodo, CE;=Novgorod (Hamy, 390).