Volume III, 1912.) It is interesting to compare the introduction to

it with the above note of Tolstoi’s in his Journal.

[113] As in the copy at the disposal of the editors.

[114] Afanasie Afanasevich Fet (Shenshin) (1820–1892), a Russian lyric poet and translator and friend of the Tolstoi family. Concerning the relations of Tolstoi with him, see _My Recollections_, by Fet (Volume II, 1890) and _The Biography of L. N. Tolstoi_ by Biriukov. In the letter of November 7, 1866, Tolstoi wrote to Fet: “You are a man whose mind, not to speak of anything else, I value higher than any one of my acquaintances’ and who in personal intercourse is the only one who gives me that bread by which it is _not alone_ that man lives.” Later Tolstoi and Fet became estranged from each other.

[115] Kant, the German philosopher (1724–1804). For the opinions of Tolstoi about him see the Journal, February 19, and September 22, 1904, and September 2, 1906; August 8th, 1907; March 26, 1909. _Kant’s Thoughts_, selected by Tolstoi, were published by _Posrednik_, Moscow, 1906.

[116] As a sixth sense, Tolstoi recognised the muscular sense. See the note of October 10, 1896.

[117] S. I. Tanyeev.

[118] The Shenshins--Tula landlords who lived on their estate, Sudakovo, five versts from Yasnaya Polyana.

[119] Prosper St. Thomas, tutor of Tolstoi and his brothers. The incident mentioned in the Journal produced a tremendous impression on Tolstoi. “It may have been that this incident was the cause of all the horror and aversion to all kinds of violence which I experienced throughout life,” Tolstoi wrote afterwards in his recollections. (See P. Biriukov: _The Biography of L. N. Tolstoi_, Moscow, issued by _Posrednik_, Volume I, pages 99–100.) In Tolstoi’s story _Boyhood_, St. Thomas is pictured under the name of Saint Jerome. The incident mentioned here is described in Chapters XIV, XV and XVI of that story.

[120] Written in English in the original.

[121] Tolstoi, together with Countess S. A. Tolstoi, visited his sister, Countess Maria Nicholaievna, living in the convent of Shamordino near the Optina Desert. In his letter to her of September 13, 1896, Tolstoi wrote, “With great pleasure and emotion I recall my stay with you.”

[122] The story, _Hadji Murad_. See Note 112.

[123] Count Sergei Lvovich, with his wife, Countess Maria Constantinovna (born Rachinsky, who died in 1899); Count Ilya Lvovich, with his wife, Countess Sophia Nicholaievna, and Count Leo Lvovich, with his wife, the Countess Dora Fedorovna.

[124] The Dutchman, Van-der-Veer, refused military service, as he declared in his letter to the Commander of the National Guard, on the grounds that he hated every kind of murder of men as well as of animals, especially murder at the order of other people. The military authorities sentenced him to three months’ solitary confinement. Later Van-der-Veer for several years published a magazine with a Christian tendency called _Vrede_.

[125] Van-der-Veer’s letter, with the appendix by Tolstoi under the title “The Beginning of the End” was printed in the edition of _The Free Press_, 1898, England, later in Russia in the _Obnovlenia_, Petrograd, 1906, which was soon confiscated.

[126] Alexandra Mikhailovna Kalmikov, a noted worker for popular education, who turned to Tolstoi with the request that he express himself in regard to the order then given by the Minister of the Interior to close the committees on illiteracy. In answer to her letter, Tolstoi expressed his opinion about the activity of the Russian Government in general and about the methods of resisting it used by the Liberals. His answer, under the title of “A Letter to the Liberals,” in revised form was printed in full in the publication of _The Free Press_: “Concerning the Attitude Towards the State” (England, 1898) and with omissions in the publication of _Obnovlenia_ (Petrograd, 1906,) which was confiscated.

[127] _Ioga’s Philosophy. Lectures on Rajah Ioga or Conquering Internal Nature, by Swâmi Vivekânanda_, New York, 1896.

[128] “The Teaching of the Twelve Apostles,” discovered in 1883. A document of the Christian literature of the First Centuries. Tolstoi translated it from the Greek and twice wrote a preface to it: in 1885 and twenty years later, in 1905. The passage mentioned in the Journal reads this way: “It is not good to love only those who love you. Heathens do the same. They love their own and hate their enemies and therefore they have enemies, but you should love those who hate you and then you will have no enemies.”

[129] Daniel Pavlovich Konissi, a Japanese, converted to the Greek Church, who studied in the Kiev Theological Academy, then came to Moscow and here made the acquaintance of Tolstoi. Later he became professor in the University in Kioto. Translated _Lao-Tze_ from the Chinese into the Russian (this translation was printed at first in _Problems of Philosophy and Psychology_ and later in separate pamphlet, _Lao-Se_, Tao-Te-King, Moscow, 1913.) For D. P. Konissi see article of I. Alexeev, “The Skies Are Different--the People Are the Same” (in the paper, _Nov_, 1914, No. 154.)

About the Japanese who visited him, Tolstoi wrote to Countess S. A. Tolstoi, September 26th: “This morning the Japanese arrived. Very interesting, fully educated, original and intelligent and free-thinking. One an editor of a paper, evidently a very rich man and an aristocrat there, no longer young; the other one, a little man, young, his assistant, also a literary man” (_Letters of Tolstoi to his Wife_, Moscow, 1913, page 507).

[130] Peter Vasilevich Verigin, the leader of the Dukhobors, when in exile in the town of Obdorsk, in the province of Tobolsk, wrote to Tolstoi about his life and expounded his views on the printing of books. Tolstoi’s reply, written on October 14, 1896, in which he answered the objections of Verigin against the printing of books, was printed in the book, _The Letters of the Dukhobor Leader, P. V. Verigin_, published by _The Free Press_, 1901, England. See also the letter of P. V. Verigin on his acquaintance with Tolstoi printed in the International Tolstoi Almanac compiled by P. A. Sergienko (issued by _Kniga_, 1909).

[131] _Further in Tolstoi’s manuscript, one page has been crossed out._ A note by M. L. Obolensky in the copy in possession of the editors.

[132] This letter was printed at first in an issue of _The Free Press_, No. 8, 1898, England, and later in Russia in _Obnovlenia_, Petrograd, 1906, and was confiscated.

[133] Brother of Tolstoi, Count S. N. Tolstoi.

[134] A peasant of the province of Kharkov in the district of Sumsk, Peter Vasilevich Olkhovik. Refused military service October 15, 1895, at recruiting, in the city of Bielopolie, province of Kharkov. Was sentenced by the Vladivostok military court to three years in a disciplinary battalion. The letters of Olkhovik to his relatives and acquaintances about his refusal were published by _The Free Press_, 1897, England, and in 1906 in Russia by _Obnoblenia_ (and were confiscated). Influenced by Olkhovic, the private, Cyril Sereda, also refused military service, with whom Olkhovic became friendly on the steamer on the way to Siberia, where he was appointed for service. Both of them were turned over to the Irkutsk disciplinary battalions. Tolstoi’s letter to the commanding officer of the regiment, in which he asks him “as a Christian and as a kind man to have pity on these people ...” was printed at first also in _The Free Press_ and afterwards in various publications in Russia. (See the Complete Works of Tolstoi, published by Sytin: subscribed edition,