vii. 9) the Idumean god was named Koze, who might of course have been

identified with the Seleucid patron Apollo. It may be a title connected with קצין (Josh. x. 24, Micah iii. 1, 9).

Footnote 174:

An inscription forbidding the approach of gentiles has been found at Jerusalem, and is now in Constantinople: μηθένα ἀλλογενῆ εἰσπορεύεσθαι ἐντὸς τοῦ περὶ τὸ ιερὸν τρυφάκτου καί περιβόλου · ὅς δ’ ἂν ληφθῇ ἑαυτῷ αἴτιος ἔσται διὰ τὸ ἐξακολουθεῖν θάνατον.

Footnote 175:

Reinach, Textes, p. 56. For an estimate of the importance of Posidonius for his time, cf. Wendland, Hellenist. Kult. p. 60 seq. and 134 seq.

Footnote 176:

Molo in Reinach, Textes, p. 60 seq. Damocritus, _ibid._ p. 121.

Footnote 177:

Reinach, Textes, p. 131.

Footnote 178:

Plutarch, Moralia, ii. 813; Reinach, Textes, p. 139.

Footnote 179:

Pseud-Opp. Cyn. iv. 256. Lact. Inst. i. 21-27.

Footnote 180:

Cf. also Aelian Var. Hist. xii. 34. Strabo, xv. 1057.

Footnote 181:

Pseudo-Plut. Sept. Sap. Con. 5. Apul. Met. xi. 6. Ael. Hist. An. x. 28.

Footnote 182:

Juvenal, Sat. xv. 1-3. _Quis nescit Volusi Bithynice qualia demens Aegyptos portenta colat? crocodilon adorat pars haec, illa pavet saturam serpentibus ibïn_; cf. also _latrator Anubis_ (Verg. Aen. viii. 698, Prop. iv. 11, 41).

Footnote 183:

It is not to be inferred that ancient historians as such were unreliable. In those times, as in ours, the value of an historical narrative must be judged by estimating the character and capacity of the writer and the means at his disposal. Many modern historians have been special pleaders, some consciously, like Froude and von Treitschke, and most have been impelled by personal sympathies and antipathies of many kinds.

It is, however, a fact that the writers of antiquity consciously used falsehoods in what they believed to be details, if they supposed that they could thereby more forcibly present the essential character of a transaction, or better enforce a moral lesson. The extreme danger of such a practice need not be insisted on, nor did all writers engage in it. But Panaetius and Cicero (Cic. De Orat. ii. 59; De Off. ii. 14), Quintillian (ii. 26-39) and the Church Fathers, unhesitatingly defend it (Eusebius, Praep. Evan., John Chrysost. De Sac. i. 6-8, Clemens Alex. Strom, vii. 9).

Footnote 184:

Polybius shares the general estimate of Syrians (XVI. lx. 3), but that does not prevent him from acknowledging the loyalty and devotion of the people of Gaza, whom he classes as Syrians.