CHAPTER X

ANTIOCHUS THE MANIFEST GOD

Footnote 126:

Polybius, XXVI. i. 1: Ἀντίοχος ὁ ν Ἐπιφανὴς μὲν κληθεὶς Επιμανὴς δ’ ἐκ τῶν πράξεων ὀνομασθείς. Cf. also Athenaeus, v. 5 (193), and x. 10 (439).

Footnote 127:

Ptolemy Euergetes II (Athenaeus, x. 10, 438 D).

Footnote 128:

It is usual to speak of the Seleucid kingdom as Syria. That, however, conveys a wholly wrong impression of either the pretensions of the house or the actual extent of its dominion. Seleucus himself actually maintained his authority within what is now Hindustan and was styled “king of Asia,” where he was not called simply “the king” as Alexander and the Persians had been before him. Even when Antiochus the Great gave up all his Asiatic possessions north of the Taurus, he did not renounce his claim to the Persian and Oriental patrimony of Alexander.

Footnote 129:

Zeitschr. d. deut. morg. Gesell. xxiii. 371; Nöldeke, Die sem. Spr. 41 f.; Zeitschr. f. Assyr. vi. 26. Cf. also Gardner, Greek and Scythic Kings of Bactria and India.

Footnote 130:

The full title is Θεὸς Επιφανής, as it appears upon coins.

Footnote 131:

The στρατηγός ἐπὶ τὰ ὅ πλα _i.e._ “general of infantry,” was at that time practically equivalent to the chief magistracy. Athenian coins of the year 175 B.C.E. bear his name and the elephant which was the heraldic emblem of his house. Reinach, Rev. d. et. gr. 1888, 163 f.

Footnote 132:

Josephus, Ant. XII. v.

Footnote 133:

The titles ἀγοράνομος and δήμαρχος are translations of “aedilis” and “tribunus,” which Antiochus sought to transfer to his capital. Polyb. XXVI. i. 5-6. Livy XLI. xx.

Footnote 134:

Livy (_loc. cit._), Polyb. (_loc. cit._), Athenaeus, x. 438 D and E.

Footnote 135:

Hybristas is mentioned in Livy XXXVII. xiii. 12.

Footnote 136:

Polyb. XXXI. xi. 3; Josephus, Ant. XI. ix.

Footnote 137:

I Macc. i.

Footnote 138:

Cf. ch. I., n. 22.

Footnote 139:

Cf. the article Druidae, Pauly-Wissowa, Realenzykl.

Footnote 140:

Isocrates Nicocles (III), 54. King Nicocles of Salamis in Cyprus, the type and exemplar of a benevolent despot, states to his subjects: ἑταιρείας μὴ ποιεῖσθε μήτε συνόδους ἄνευ τῆς ἐμῆς γνώμης αἱ γὰρ τοιαῦται συστάσεις ἐν μἐν ταῖς ἄλλαις πολιτείαις πλεονεκτοῦσιν, ἐν δὲ ταῖς μοναρχίαις κινδυνεύουσιν.

Footnote 141:

Jerome in Dan. xi. 21 f.

Footnote 142:

So the Spartans actively assisted the oligarchical party in Megara, Argos, Sicyon, and Achaea (Thuc. iv. 74; v. 81; v. 82).