CHAPTER VIII

JEWS IN PTOLEMAIC EGYPT

Footnote 101:

Naucratis was founded, on the Canopic mouth of the Nile, about 550 B.C.E.

Footnote 102:

However completely oligarchical in practice the government became, the sovereignty of the dēmos was recognized in theory. In the ancient doom ascribed to Lycurgus (Plutarch, Lyc. 6), which may be said to form the constitution of Sparta, occur the words δάμῳ δὲ κὰν κυρίαν ἦμεν καὶ κράτος.

Footnote 103:

Fränkel, Inschriften, v. Perg. no. 5, 18 _et passim_.

Footnote 104:

Mitteis und Wilcken, Grundzüge und Chrestomathie der Papyruskunde, I. v. i, pp. 14 seq.

Footnote 105:

Mitteis-Wilcken, _op. cit._ p. 15.

Footnote 106:

Xenophon, De Reditibus, ii. 4-7.

Footnote 107:

Josephus often refers to the Jews of Alexandria as oἱ ἐν Ἀλεξανδρείᾳ Ἰουδαῖοι (Ant. XIII. iii. 4) or oἱ ἐν Ἀλεξανδρείᾳ κατοικούντες Ἰουδαῖοι (Ant. XIV. vii. 2), but he refers similarly to the Greeks there (Ant. XVIII. viii. i), and plainly understands κατοικεῖν simply as “inhabit.” The question is fully discussed in Contra Ap. ii. 5, where the general statement is made that Jews might and did become Alexandrian citizens, but that Egyptians were at first excluded.

Footnote 108:

Jewish Μακεδόνες, Berliner Griechische Urkunden (B. G. U.), iv. 1068 (62). In other classes of citizenship, B. G. U. iv. 1140; iv. 1151, 7. For humbler classes of Jews cf. ch. VII., n. 2. A Jewish house-slave is manumitted in Oxyrhyncus Pap. ix. 1205.

Footnote 109:

The discussion is fully set forth by Brandis, s. v. Arabarches in the Pauly-Wissowa Realenzyklopädie, ii. 342. The word “alabarch” or “arabarch” impressed the Romans somewhat as “mogul” impresses the English, and was used with the same jocular intent. Cic. ad Att. II. xvii. 3. Juvenal, Satires, i. 130.

Footnote 110:

Apuleius, Met. xi. 30. Drexler in Roscher’s Lexikon Myth., s. v. Isis, ii. 409 seq. gives a list of the cities through which the worship of Isis spread.

Footnote 111:

Sarapis was not Osiris-Apis, but a deity of Sinope in Asia Minor, duly “evoked” into Alexandria by Ptolemy. The matter is left an open question by Cumont, Les religions orientales dans le paganisme romain, p. 112, but the general consensus of opinion is in favor of the theory just mentioned. The opposition referred to in the text was less an aggressive one than it was an assertion of the distinction between Greeks and Egyptians. It broke down with the fourth Ptolemy, and Sarapis was more or less officially identified with Osiris.

Footnote 112:

Alexandronesus. Cf. Reinach, in Mélanges Nicolle, p. 451; Pap. of Magdola, n. 35.

Footnote 113:

Greek Pap. of the Brit. Mus. iii. 183, the ἄρχοντες α Ἰουδαίων προσευχῆς pay their water tax.

Footnote 114:

B. G. U. iv. n. 562.

Footnote 115:

The cartouches representing the Ptolemies contain all the royal titles of the Pharaohs.

Footnote 116:

Mitteis-Wilcken, Grundzüge und Chrestomathie, I. p. 42.