Part 24

67 (p. 209).--Named by Cartier (1535), Island of Bacchus, from the profusion of wild grapes found there. Thévet (_Gr. Insul._) says it was called by the natives Minigo. Its later name, Isle of Orleans, would seem to have been given by Cartier, during his first sojourn at Quebec. See Laverdière's _Champlain_, p. 88. Le Jeune (_Relation_ of 1632, _post_) mentions it as St. Lawrence Island. It is 20 miles long, and six miles in its greatest width.

68 (p. 211).--Pierre Coton (also written Cotton) was born in 1564, at Neronde, and belonged to a distinguished family of Forez; became a Jesuit priest, and confessor of Henry IV. (see _note_ 7, _ante_, and vol. i., _note_ 39), and afterwards of Louis XIII. This position he resigned about 1618, then spent six years at Rome. Returning to France (1624) as provincial of his order, he died at Paris, March 19, 1626.

69 (p. 217).--_Institutum_, the published collection of the laws regulating the order of Jesuits (official ed., Prague, 1757; new ed., Avignon, 1827-38). For description of this work, see McClintock & Strong's _Cyclopædia of Biblical Literature_, vol. iv., pp. 865, 866.

70 (p. 217).--See vol. i., _note_ 2.

71 (p. 221).--De Monts's lieutenant, Pontgravé, who is mentioned by Champlain as Sieur de Pont Gravé, also as Pont. Lescarbot, in _Nouv. France_, calls the lieutenant "du Pont, surnamed Gravé." He was a merchant of St. Malo, interested with Chauvin in the Canada trade, and an intimate friend of Champlain; he made trading voyages to Canada during some thirty years. Concerning his son, see vol. i., _notes_ 13, 44. See Dionne's account of Chauvin and his enterprises (_Nouv. France_, pp. 193-212, 318-328); on p. 198, he cites from Bréard some information regarding Pontgravé's family.

72 (p. 221).--Faillon discusses at length the statement of Charlevoix, that Canada was first called New France in 1609; and he brings much evidence, both circumstantial and direct, to show that this appellation was of much earlier date. He considers it highly probable that this name was applied to Canada at least as early as Cartier's first voyage (1534).--See his _Col. Fr._, vol. i., pp. 511-513. The "Shorte and briefe narration" of Cartier's second voyage, given in Goldsmid's _Hakluyt_, vol. xiii., p. 146, says: "Here endeth the Relation of Iames Cartiers discouery and Nauigation of the Newfoundlands, by him named New France." Biard says (_Relation_ of 1616, _post_): "I believe it was Jean Verazan who was godfather to the title of New France."

73 (p. 225).--Josse, the priest Jessé Fléché; see vol. i., _note_ 25.

74 (p. 233).--Probably referring to the anonymous author of the _Factum_; see _post_, _Relation_ of 1616, chap. x., and _note_ 97, on the _Factum_.

75 (p. 233).--Robin de Coulogne; see vol. i., _notes_ 31, 37.

76 (p. 235).--This man, whom Champlain calls Simon Imbert Sandrier, is said by Biard (chap. xx., _post_) to have been formerly a tavern keeper at Paris.

77 (p. 245).--_Chiquebi_, the "MicMac potato," as Bourinot calls it (_Canad. Mo._, vol. vii., p. 292); the ground-nut, _sgabun_ or _segubbun_, in the Micmac tongue. See _note_ 35, _ante_; also Trumbull, in _Conn. Hist. Colls._, vol. ii., p. 26.

78 (p. 247).--Father Jacques Quentin, born in February, 1572, at Abbeville, France; entered the order of Jesuits, June 30, 1604. He was appointed at the close of his novitiate, professor at Bourges; here and at Rouen he remained three years; and in 1609 he was sent to the college of Eu, as acting superior. Four years later, he went to Acadia. After returning to France he devoted himself to preaching in cities and villages. In 1616, he became a "spiritual coadjutor" in his order--according to Littré, one who publicly takes the three religious vows, but not the fourth, which is to go on whatever mission he may be sent. His death occurred April 18, 1647.--See Rochemonteix's _Jésuites_, vol. i., p. 83, _note_.

79 (p. 247).--These colonial experiments were not, for a long time, favorably regarded by the Protestants, or by most Catholics. Sully, minister of Henry IV., says in his _Memoirs_ (Bonn's ed., London, 1856), vol. ii., p. 453: "The colony that was sent to Canada this year (1603) was among the number of those things that had not my approbation; there was no kind of riches to be expected from all those countries of the New World which are beyond the fortieth degree of latitude. His majesty gave the conduct of this expedition to the Sieur du Mont."

80 (p. 249).--Louis Hébert, born at Paris, an apothecary, was one of Pontrincourt's colony at Port Royal. In 1617, he returned to Canada with his family, at Champlain's request, as one of the latter's colonists at Quebec. He was the first settler with a family, and the first at Quebec to cultivate the soil as a means of livelihood; and on this account has sometimes been called "the father of Canada,"--an appellation also given, and with even more propriety, to Champlain. His dwelling was the first in Upper Town, and, according to Ferland (_Cours d'Histoire_, vol. i., p. 190), was between the present Ste. Famille and Couillard streets.--Cf. Laverdière's _Champlain_, p. 988. He was in many ways prominent in the early history of the colony. In 1621, he bore the title of "royal procurator." In 1622, he was, according to Champlain, in Tadoussac, acting as commander of De Caen's ship during the latter's temporary absence. In 1626, the fief of St. Joseph, on the river St. Charles, was granted by Ventadour to Hébert, under the title of Sieur d'Espinay. In January, 1627, a fall caused Hébert's death; he was buried in the cemetery of the Récollets, by whom, as well as by Champlain, he seems to have been greatly esteemed.--See Sagard's _Canada_, pp. 590, 591. When Quebec was taken by the English, in 1629, Louis Kirk, at Champlain's solicitation, sent a guard of soldiers to protect the widow Hébert's house, as well as the mission chapels. Many distinguished Canadian families trace their descent from Hébert; as is shown in Tanguay's _Dictionnaire Généalogique_ (Montreal, 1871-90), vol. i., p. 301.--Cf. Ferland's _Cours d'Histoire_, vol. i., p. 180, _note_. His daughter Anne married Stephen Jonquest, in the autumn of 1617--this was the first marriage in Canada according to church rites, and was performed by the Récollet Father Le Caron; she died in 1620. Another daughter, Guillemette, married William Couillard, August 26, 1621; she died in October, 1684. An island in the harbor of Port Royal was named for Hébert, but is now known as Bear Island.

81 (p. 249).--The name given by the natives to the river now called Kenduskeag, apparently a corruption of Kadesquit. It enters the Penobscot near the present city of Bangor, on which site Biard and Massé had intended to establish their mission. See _Champlain's Voyages_ (Prince Soc.), vol. i., p. 42.

82 (p. 249).--Frenchman's Bay; see vol. i., _note_ 61.

83 (p. 251).--Nicholas de la Mothe, or de la Motte le Vilin. After his capture by the English, he was among those taken to Virginia, and finally sent back to France. In 1618, he came with Champlain to Canada, where he remained during the following winter.

84 (p. 251).--Champlain says (Laverdière's ed., pp. 61, 1307), that Virginia was at first called Mocosa by the English. Ortelius's map of 1570 shows Mocosa lying southwest of New France; and his second map (1572) names the region south of the St. Lawrence and east of the Richelieu River, Moscosa. Biard (_Relation_ of 1616) seems to apply this name to the region of Chesapeake Bay.

85 (p. 253).--A group of islands 25 leagues from St. Sauveur, according to Biard's _Relation_ of 1616, _post_; but 16 leagues, according to Champlain (Laverdiere's ed., p. 773). Apparently the Matinic or Matinicus Islands (also spelled Emmetinic). See also Emmetenic, on p. 31 of this volume.

86 (p. 253).--Argall's ship was named "Treasurer." Champlain says (Laverdière's ed., p. 773), that ten other English ships were approaching, but without the knowledge of the French; these, however, were probably part of the usual fishing fleet, and not directly under Argall's command.

87 (p. 255).--_English heretic_: Captain Samuel Argall, of Virginia, afterwards governor of that colony (see vol. i., _note_ 63): during the first quarter of the 17th century, prominent as an English naval commander. His mother was married a second time, to Laurence Washington, an ancestor of George Washington. His destruction of the French settlements has been bitterly censured by some writers, as the act of a buccaneer and pirate; but he was commissioned to do this by the Virginia colonial authorities, who afterwards declared that, in the encounter at St. Sauveur, the first shot was fired by the French. A letter was written by Montmorency, admiral of France, to King James of England, October 28, 1613, asking for the release of the Jesuit fathers, and redress for the injuries done to the property of Madame de Guercheville. The Virginia Council, when called to account for Argall's doings, made a spirited reply in his and their own defense; and the English Privy Council refused to make any reparation to Madame de Guercheville, alleging that "her ship entered by force the territory of the said colony [Virginia] to settle there, and to trade without their permission." These documents are given in Brown's _Genesis of the United States_, pp. 573, 664, 665, 725-734. Cf. "Aspinwall Papers," pp. 41-46, in _Mass. Hist. Colls._, 4th series, vol. ix. The ship, however, was afterwards restored (see Biard's _Relation_ of 1616, _post_).

88 (p. 259).--This pilot is called Le Bailleur, of Rouen, in Biard's _Relation_ of 1616. Charlevoix (Shea's ed., vol. i., pp. 280-281) erroneously confounds him with one Lamets, named by Champlain as among the five who escaped from the ship, but after the pilot had left it on his reconnoitring trip. These men seem to have later joined the pilot, as he had 14 men when he encountered La Saussaye.

89 (p. 261).--See vol. i., _note_ 66.

90 (p. 263).--_Orignac_, in the original; see _note_ 34, _ante_.

91 (p. 263).--_Passepec_, shown on Sanson's map (1656), as Paspey; on Bellin's (1744) and D'Anville's (1746), as Paspebiac; named Sheet Harbor on Gesner's (1849).

92 (p. 265).--This allusion is a word-play upon Argall's name--_argali_ being an appellation of the wild ram (_Ovis aries_), found in the mountains of Greece, in Corsica, and in the steppes of Tartary.

93 (p. 273).--_Vuallia_; Wales.

94 (p. 275).--Sieur de Buisseaux (also spelled Bisseaux); he also aided Sieur de la Motte to regain his liberty, as Biard narrates in his _Relation_ of 1616. In 1617, he was addressed by Raleigh as "member of the Council of State of France."

95 (p. 275).--_Itius Portus_, the place whence Cæsar sailed for Britain; generally identified with Wissant, a village in Pas-du-Calais, ten miles S. W. of Calais. Biard says, however, in the _Relation_ of 1616, that it was Calais where they landed.

96 (p. 275).--The modern Amiens occupies the site of the ancient Samarobriva, capital of the Ambiani; hence its name.

This extra copy of the "MAP OF NEW FRANCE, 1610-1791," is sent, with the compliments of THE BURROWS BROTHERS COMPANY, to subscribers to "THE JESUIT RELATIONS AND ALLIED DOCUMENTS." It may be found convenient in consulting volumes subsequent to Volume I.

Transcriber's Note.

Variable spelling and hyphenation have been retained. Minor punctuation inconsistencies have been silently repaired.

Corrections.

The first line indicates the original, the second the correction.

p. 12:

reste totalement rude, pauvre at confuse reste totalement rude, pauvre et confuse

p. 30:

Mais, départans un peu de pensée d avec eux, Mais, départans un peu de pensée d'avec eux,

p. 62:

in tenui exiguóque principio satis feliciter, próque disiderio esse assecuta.

in tenui exiguóque principio satis feliciter, próque desiderio esse assecuta.

p. 64:

aut fuccessu Societas missionem aut successu Societas missionem

p. 68:

quod finum Frācicum excipit. quod sinum Frācicum excipit.

p. 76:

aruspicum multum iam de auctoriate aruspicum multum iam de auctoritate

p. 98:

cruciculas ænaes aut imagunculas cruciculas æneas aut imagunculas

p. 108:

imminente morte assueti sunt imlare imminente morte assueti sunt immolare

p. 158:

on a donné des filleules à celles qui enfuiuent on a donné des filleules à celles qui ensuiuent

p. 186:

ici le renouveau, pour aller revoir les qens. ici le renouveau, pour aller revoir les gens.

p. 216:

doudenis diebus, quotannis ferè liquari. duodenis diebus, quotannis ferè liquari.

p. 220:

animos gauiter afflixit animos grauiter afflixit

p. 240:

Non committam, vd quod mones Non committam, vt quod mones

p. 252:

neqj ab æneis tormentis validè instructam neq; ab æneis tormentis validè instructam

p. 264:

annonam beneuolentissimè diuiferunt. annonam beneuolentissimè diuiserunt.