The International Auxiliary Language Esperanto: Grammar & Commentary

PART V

Chapter 87,726 wordsPublic domain

LIST OF PRIMARY WORDS.

Adiaŭ = _adieu_, _farewell_, _good-bye_ (adv. and int.). Ajn = _ever_ (adv.). Al = _to_, _towards_ (prep.). Almenaŭ = _at least_ (conj. and adv.). Ambaŭ = _both_ (pron.). Ankaŭ = _also_, _too_ (conj. and adv.). Ankoraŭ = _yet_, _still_ (adv.). Anstataŭ = _instead of_ (prep.). Antaŭ = _before_, _in front of_, _ago_ (prep.). Apenaŭ = _hardly_, _scarcely_ (adv.). Apud = _near to_, _close by_, _beside_, _at the side of_ (prep.). Aŭ = _or_, _either_ (conj.).

Baldaŭ = _soon_ (adv.). Bis = _once more_, _encore_, _again_ (adv. and int.).

Ĉar = _because_, _for_, _since_ (conj.). Ĉe = _at_ (prep.). Cent = _hundred_ (num.). Ci = _thou_ (per. pron.). Ĉi = (_here_) _near_ (adv.). Ĉia = _each_, _every kind of_ (pron. adj.). Ĉial = _for every cause_, _for every reason_ (adv.). Ĉiam = _always_, _ever_ (adv.). Ĉie = _everywhere_ (adv.). Ĉiel = _in every way_ (adv.). Ĉies = _everyone's_ (indef. pron.). Ĉio = _everything_ (indef. pron.). Ĉiom = _all_, _every quantity_ (adv.). Ĉirkaŭ = _round_, _about_ (prep.). Ĉiu = _each_, _each one_ (pron. and pron. adj.). Ĉu = _whether_ (conj. and adv.).

Da = _of (for quantity)_ (prep.). De = _of_, _from_, _since (time)_, _by (agent)_ (prep.). Dek = _ten_ (num.). Des pli = _so much the_ ... (conj. and adv.). As:--Des pli bone = _so much the better_ (see _ju pli_). Do = _then_, _indeed_, _therefore_ (conj.). Du = _two_ (num.). Dum = _while_, _whilst_ (conj.), _during_ (prep.).

Eĉ = _even_ (adv.). Ekster = _outside_ (prep.). El = _out of_ (prep.). En = _in, into_ (prep.).

Fi! = _fie!_ (int.). For = _away_, _forth_ (adv. and int.).

Ĝi = _it_ (per. pron.). Ĝis = _till_, _until_, _up to_, _down to_, as far as (prep. and conj.).

Ha! = _ah!_ _ha!_ (int.). He! = _hey!_ _halloa!_ (int.). Hieraŭ = _yesterday_ (adv.). Ho! = _ho!_ _oh!_ (int.). Hodiaŭ = _to-day_ (adv.). Hura! = _hurrah!_ _huzza!_ (int.).

Ia = _some_, _some kind of (any)_ (pron. adj.). Ial = _for some (any) cause_ (adv.). Iam = _ever_, _at some (any) time_ (adv.). Ie = _somewhere (anywhere)_ (adv.). Iel = _somehow_, _in some (any) way_ (adv.). Ies = _someone's (anyone's)_ (indef. pron.). Ili = _they_ (per. pron.). Inter = _among_, _between_ (prep.). Io = _something (anything)_ (indef. pron.). Iom = _some quantity_, _somewhat_, _some (any)_ (adv.). Iu = _some one_ (indef. pron. and pron. adj.).

Ja = _in fact_, _indeed_ (adv.), _indeed!_ (int.). Jam = _already_, _now_, _yet_ (adv.). Je = an indefinite preposition (see par. 251). Jen = _here_, _there_ (adv. and conj.), _lo!_ _behold!_ (int.). Jen ... jen = _now ... now_. Jes = _yes_ (adv.). Ju pli ... des pli = _the more_ (conj. and adv.). Ĵus = _just_ (adv.).

Kaj = _and_, _both_ (conj.). Ke = _that_ (conj.). Kia = _what kind of_ (interrogative and pron. adj.), _what!_ (int.). Kial = _wherefore_, _why_ (conj., adv., and interrogative). Kiam = _when_ (conj., adv., and interrogative). Kie = _where_ (conj., adv., and interrogative). Kiel = _how_, _as_, _in what way_ (conj., adv., and interrogative). Kies = _whose_ (interrogative and relative pron.). Kio = _what (thing)_ (interrogative and relative pron.). Kiom = _how many_, _how much_ (adv. and interrogative). Kiu = _who_, _which_ (interrogative, pron., and pron. adj.). Kontraŭ = _against_, _facing_, _opposite to_ (prep.). Krom = _not including_, _apart from_; hence it can be used for "except, besides, save, without, but," etc. (prep.). Kun = _with_ (prep.), (not used in an instrumental sense). Kvankam = _although_, _though_ (conj.). Kvar = _four_ (num.). Kvazaŭ = _as if_, _as it were_ (conj. and adv.). Kvin = _five_ (num.).

La = _the_ (art.). Laŭ = _according to_ (prep.). Li = _he_ (per. pron.).

Malgraŭ = _notwithstanding_ (prep.). Mem = _self_, _selves_, _very_ (pron.). Mi = _I_ (per. pron.). Mil = _thousand_ (num.). Morgaŭ = _to-morrow_ (adv.).

Naŭ = _nine_ (num.). Ne = _no_, _not_, _nay_ (adv.). Nek = _neither_, _nor_ (conj. and adv.). Nenia = _none_, _no kind of_ (pron. adj.). Nenial = _for no cause_ (or, _reason_) (adv.). Neniam = _never_, _at no time_ (adv.). Nenie = _nowhere_ (adv.). Neniel = _nohow_, _in no way_, _not at all_ (adv.). Nenies = _no one's_ (pron.). Nenio = _nothing_ (noun). Neniom = _none_, _no quantity_ (adv.). Neniu = _nobody_, _no one_ (noun and pron. adj.). Ni = _we_ (per. pron.). Nu = _well!_ (int.). Nun = _now_ (adv.). Nur = _only_ (adv.).

Ok = _eight_ (num.). Ol = _than_ (comparison) (conj.). Oni = _they_, _one_, _people_ (per. pron.).

Per = _by_, _by means of_, _through_, _with_ (prep.). Plej = _most_ (adv.). Pli = _more_ (comparison) (conj. and adv.). Plu = _further_, _farther_, _more_ (adv.). Po = _at the rate of_, _apiece_ (prep.). Por = _for_, _in order to_ (prep.). Post = _after_ (prep.). Preskaŭ = _almost_ (adv.). Preter = _beyond_, _by_, _past_ (prep.). Pri = _concerning_, _of_, _about_ (prep.). Pro = _for_, _because of_, _by reason of_, _for the sake of_, _owing to_ (prep.).

Se = _if_ (conj.). Sed = _but_ (conj.). Sen = _without_ (prep.). Sep = _seven_ (num.). Ses = _six_ (num.). Si = _self_ (reflexive pron.). Ŝi = _she_ (per. pron.). Sub = _under_ (prep.). Super = _above, over_ (prep.). Sur = _on, upon_ (prep.).

Tamen = _however, yet, nevertheless, still_ (conj.). Tia = _that kind of, such a_ (dem. pron. and pron. adj.). Tial = _therefore, for that_ (or, _such_) _cause_ (or, _reason_) (adv. and conj.). Tiam = _then, at that time_ (adv.). Tie = _there, in that place_ (adv.). Tie ĉi = _here, in this place_ (adv.). Tiel = _thus, so, as, in that_ (or, _such_) _way_ (or, _manner_) (adv.). Ties = _that one's, of that, of those_ (dem. pron.). Tio = _that_ (_thing_) (dem. pron.). Tio ĉi = _this_ (_thing_) (dem. pron.). Tiom = _so much, so many, as much_ (adv.). Tiu = _that one, the former_ (dem. pron. and pron. adj.). Tiu ĉi = _this one, the latter_ (dem. pron. and pron. adj.). Tra = _through_ (prep.). Trans = _across, beyond, on the other side of_ (prep.). Tre = _very_ (adv.). Tri = three (num.). Tro = _too, too much_ (adv.). Tuj = _at once, immediately_ (adv.).

Unu = _one_ (num.).

Ve! = _woe! alas!_ (int.). Vi = _you, ye_ (per. pron.).

LIST OF USEFUL WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS.

In making use of the following list of Adverbs, Adjectives, Conjunctions, Prepositions, and adverbial and prepositional expressions, if the student has any doubt as to the correct Esperanto words he should select when more than one is given, he will generally find them explained (with examples) in the Alphabetical Lists of Adverbs, Prepositions, and Conjunctions at pages 166, 180, and 219.

A, per = _en; por,_ as:--_Kvar fojojn en tago_ = Four times a day. _Tri funtojn en monato_ = Three pounds per month. _Drapo po ses frankoj por metro_ = Cloth at six francs a (per) metre. About = _ĉirkaŭ; pri; pli-malpli; proksimume._ Above = _super; supre; pli ol._ Above all = _precipe; antaŭ ĉio._ Absolutely = _absolute._ Accidentally = _okaze; akcidente._ According ... _as = laŭ tio ... ke._ According to = _laŭ; konforme al (je); depende de._ According to circumstances = _laŭokaze; laŭcirkonstance._ Accordingly = _laŭe; tial; sekve._ Across = _trans; laŭlarĝe._ Actually = _efektive; fakte; ja; reale._ Adieu = _adiaŭ._ Afar = _malproksime; malproksime de._ After = _post; post kiam; poste._ After a time = _post kelka tempo._ After all = _malgraŭ ĉio._ After consideration = _konsiderinte; post pripenso._ After some time = _post kelke da tempo, iom poste._ Afterwards = _poste._ Again = _ree; denove; ankoraŭ unu fojon; bis._ Again and again = _foje kaj ree; refoje; multfoje, ripete._ Against = _kontraŭ._ Agreed that = _konsente ke._ All, all of it = _ĉiom._ All at once = _subite._ All right = _tute prave; ĉio bona; konsentite; bone._ All sorts of = _ĉiuspecaj (adj.)._ All that = _ĉio tio._ All the better = _tiom pli bone._ All the same = _tute egale._ All this = _ĉio ĉi tio; ĉio ĉi._ All together = _ĉiuj kune; ĉiuj samtempe._ All ways (in every way) = _ĉiel._ Almost = _preskaŭ._ Almost always = _preskaŭ ĉiam._ Along = _laŭlonge de; laŭ; apud; flanke de._ Along the river, road, etc. = _laŭ la rivero, vojo, k.c._ Along with = _kune kun._ Alongside = _flanke de; laŭlonge de._ Already = _jam; antaŭe._ Also = _ankaŭ._ Although = _kvankam._ Altogether = _tute; kune; samtempe._ Always = _ĉiam; ĉiufoje; senĉese; konstante._ Amid, amidst = _meze de._ Among, amongst = _inter; el._ Amongst other things = _interalie; inter aliaj aferoj._ And = _kaj._ And so forth (so on) = _k.t.p. (kaj tiel plu); k.c. (kaj ceteraj)._ Anew = _denove._ Annually = _ĉiujare._ Any = _ia, iu_ (some); _(k)ia ajn, (k)iu ajn; ĉia; iom; iom da._ Any more = _ankoraŭ pli; pli multe; ankoraŭ iom da._ Any time, at = _(k)iam ajn; iam_ (at some time). Anybody, anyone = _(k)iu ajn; iu_ (someone); _ĉiu._ Anybody's, anyone's = _(k)ies ajn; ies_ (somebody's), _ĉies._ Anyhow = _(k)iel ajn; iel_ (somehow); _ĉiel_ (in every way). Anyone (someone) else = _(k)iu ajn alia; iu alia; ĉiu alia._ Anything (something) else = _io (ajn) alia; ĉio alia; ankoraŭ io; alio ajn._ Anywhere = _(k)ie ajn; ie_ (somewhere); _ĉie_ (everywhere). Apart from = _krom; ekster._ Approximately = _ĉirkaŭe; proksimume; pli-malpli._ Around = _ĉirkaŭ._ As = _kiel; same kiel; ĉar; pro tio, ke._ As (time) = _kiam; dum._ As ... as = _tiel ... kiel._ As a whole = _entute; sume._ As also = _kiel ankaŭ._ As early as possible = _kiel eble plej frue._ As far as = _ĝis; kiom._ As far as possible = _laŭeble._ As far as I know (remember) = _kiom mi scias (memoras)._ As far back (as long) as two years ago = _jam antaŭ du jaroj._ As for = _pri; rilate al; koncerne._ As for example = _kiel ekzemple._ As follows = _jene._ As if = _kvazaŭ; kiel se._ As it was (happened) = _kiel okazis._ As long as = _tiel longe, kiel; se nur._ As many (much) = _tiom._ As regards = _pri; koncerne; rilate al._ As ... so = _same ... kiel; kiel ... tiel._ As soon as = _tuj kiam._ As soon as possible = _kiel eble plej baldaŭ._ As though = _kvazaŭ._ As to = _pri; rilate al._ As well as = _kiel ankaŭ; same kiel; kune kun; tiel bone, kiel._ As yet = _ĝis nun; ankoraŭ._ Aside = _aparte; flanke._ At = _ĉe; je; apud; laŭ; sur; po,_ etc., according to sense. At a distance = _malproksime; en malproksimo._ At a gallop = _galope._ At a run = _kure; kurante._ At all = _tute, iomete._ At all events = _kio ajn okazos; en ĉia okazo._ At all times = _ĉiam; ĉiufoje._ At any rate = _ĉiaokaze; almenaŭ._ At any time = _iam ajn; iatempe_ (sometime); _en ĉiu horo._ At first = _unue; komence; en la komenco; en la unua tempo; unuafoje; unuan fojon._ At first sight = _unuavide._ At hand = _apud; apude; sub la mano; proksime._ At home = _hejme; dome,_ as:--_Mi estas hejme_ = I am at home; or, _mi estas dome,_ or, _en la domo._ At last, at length = _fine; en la fino._ At least = _almenaŭ; malpleje; plej malmulte._ At most = _plej multe; pleje._ At once = _tuj; samtempe._ At option = _laŭvole; laŭ elekto; laŭ (via) bontrovo; laŭ deziro._ At our house = _ĉe ni; en nia domo; hejme._ At present = _nun; nune; nuntempe._ At some distance = _en kelka malproksim-o-eco._ At that = _ĉe tio._ At that time = _tiam; en tiu tempo._ At the distance of = _en la interspaco de._ At the earliest = _plej frue_. At the latest = _plej malfrue_. At the least = _plej malmulte_. At the moment = _ĵus; en la momento_. At the most = _plej multe_. At the outset = _en la unua tempo; komence_. At the rate of = _po_. At the same time = _samtempe_. At the side of = _apud; flanke de_. At this = _ĉe tio (ĉi)_. At times = _iafoje; kelkafoje_. At what time = _kiam; je kioma horo_. At will = _laŭvole; laŭplaĉe; laŭdezire; laŭ bontrovo_. Athwart = _laŭlarĝe_. Away = _malproksime; for_. Away from = _for de; malproksime de_.

Backwards = _malantaŭ-e-en_. Backwards and forwards = _tien kaj reen; tien-reen_. Because = _ĉar; tial, ke; pro tio, ke; tial, ĉar_. Because of = _pro; kaŭze de_. Before = _antaŭ; antaŭ ol; antaŭe; pli frue, ol_. Before everything = _antaŭ ĉio_. Before long = _baldaŭ; post ne longatempe; post ne longe_. Behind = _post; malantaŭ; malantaŭe_. Behold! = _jen!_ Below = _sub; sube; malsupre de_. Beneath = _sub; sube_. Beside = _apud; flanke de; laŭlonge de_. Besides = _ekster; krom; krom tio; krome; cetere_. Betimes = _frue; frutempe_. Between, betwixt = _inter_. Beyond = _trans_ (across); _preter_ (past). Beyond measure = _supermezure_. Both = _ambaŭ; la du_. Both ... and = _kaj ... kaj; tiel ... kiel_. Broadways = _laŭlarĝe_. But = _sed; krom; nur_ (only); _tamen_. But then = _sed ... do; sed tiuokaze; sed tiam_. By = _per; de; laŭ; po; apud; preter; apude_, etc., according to sense. By and by = _baldaŭ; tre baldaŭ; iom poste_. By all means = _per ĉiu rimedo; ĉiel; certege; kompreneble_. By chance = _okaze_. By consent = _konsente_. By day = _tage; en la tago_. By degrees = _grade; laŭgrade; iom post iom_. By express = _rapidire; per ekspreso; eksprese_. By half = _poduone_. By heart = _parkere_. By means of = _per; per helpo de_. By night = _nokte; en la nokto_. By no means = _neniel; tute ne; per nenia rimedo_. By no other means = _neniel alie ol; per neniu alia rimedo_. By reason of = _pro; kaŭze de_. By some means, somehow = _iel; per ia rimedo, iarimede_. By the day = _laŭtage_. By the hour = _laŭhore_. By the month = _laŭmonate_. By the side of = _apud; flanke de; laŭ; laŭlonge de_. By the way = _okaze; parenteze; rilate al tio; pasante (mi volus diri)_. By the week = _laŭsemajne_. By the year = _laŭjare_. By this means = _per ĉi tio; per ĉi tiu rimedo; ĉi tiel_. By this time = _jam; nun; jam nun_. By twos and threes = _du-triope_. By way of = _en la celo de_.

Careful of = _zorga pri_. Close by = _apud; apude; proksime_. Close to = _apud; proksime de_. Compared with = _kompare kun_. Concerning = _pri; koncerne; rilate al_. Consequently = _do; sekve; tial_. Consistently = _konsekvence_.

Daily = _ĉiutage_. Day after (by) day = _tagon post tago_. Day after to-morrow = _postmorgaŭ_. Day before yesterday = _antaŭhieraŭ_. Direct = _rekte; senpere_. Directly = _tuj; baldaŭ; tuj kiam_. Down = _malsupren_. Down to = _ĝis_ (if _down_ is implied by the context). Downwards = _malsupren_. During = _en; en la daŭro de; dum_; or, the accusative.

Each one's = _ĉies_. Early = _frue; frua_. Either = _aŭ; ambaŭ; nek mi ankaŭ_ (nor I either). Either ... or = _aŭ ... aŭ_. Else = _alie; alia; se ne_. Elsewhere = _aliloke; aliloken_. Encore = _bis_. Enough = _sufiĉe_. Entirely = _tute; plene_. Ere = _antaŭ; antaŭ ol_. Especially = _precipe; aparte_. Especially as = _precipe ĉar_. Even = _eĉ_. Even if = _eĉ se; eĉ en la okazo, ke_. Ever = _iam; ajn; ĉiam_. Ever since = _de tiu tempo; de tiam_. Every = _ĉia; ĉiu_. Every day = _ĉiutage_. Every kind of (sort of) = _ĉia; ĉiuspeca_. Every other = _ĉiu alia_. Every other day = _ĉiudutage; je alternaj tagoj_. Every other line, on = _sur ĉiu dua linio_. Every quantity = _ĉiom_. Every time when = _ĉiufoje, kiam; ĉiun fojon, kiam_. Every two days = _ĉiudutage_. Everyone's = _ĉies_. Everything = _ĉio_. Everything else but = _ĉio alia, ol_. Everything else is = _ĉio alia (cetera) estas_. Everywhere = _ĉie; ĉien; tutmonde_. Evidently = _videble; evidente_. Exactly = _ĝuste; precize; akurate_. Exactly the same as = _tute egale, kiel_. Exceedingly = _treege_. Except = _kun escepto de; krom; esceptinte; se ne_. Excepting = _esceptinte_. Excepting that = _se ne, ke; esceptinte, ke; krom ke_. Excessively = _troe_. Expressly = _speciale; ĝuste; precize_. Extremely = _treege; ekstreme_.

Facing = _kontraŭ; antaŭ_. Far from = _malproksime de_. Far off = _malproksime, fore_. Farther = _pli malproksime; plu; pli fore_. Favourable to = _favora al_. Few = _ne multe da; malmulte da; malmultaj (el)_. Few, a = _kelke da; iom da; kelkaj (el)_. Few days ago, a = _antaŭ kelkaj tagoj; antaŭ nemulte da tagoj_. Finally = _fine; laste; en la fino_. First-ly = _unue; komence_. First ... then = _unue ... due_. First of all = _antaŭ ĉio_. First time, the = _unuafoje; unuan fojon; en la unua fojo_. For = _ĉar; por; pro_, etc., according to sense. For a long time = _de longe; jam de longe; longan tempon_. For all reasons = _ĉial_. For all that = _malgraŭ ĉio; spite ĉio_. For better or worse = _por pli aŭ malpli bone_. For ever = _por ĉiam_. For evermore = _eterne_. For every reason = _ĉial_. For example = _ekzemple_. For fear that = _timante, ke; pro timo, ke_. For many reasons = _pro multe da kaŭzoj_. For no cause = _nenial_. For no other cause than (but) = _nenial alie, ol_. For some cause (or, reason) = _ial_. For such a purpose = _tiacele; en tia celo_. For that reason = _tial; pro tio; kaŭze de tio_. For the benefit of = _por; por la profito de_. For the last time = _je la lasta fojo; lastfoje_. For the most part = _plejparte; pleje_. For the purpose of = _por; en la celo de; celante_. For the reason that = _pro tio, ke; tial, ke_. For the rest, for the matter of that = _cetere_. For the sake of (owing to) = _pro_; (with a view to) _por_. For the same purpose = _samcele_. For the same reason = _samkaŭze_. For this reason = _(ĉi) tial; pro tio; kaŭze de tio (ĉi)_. For want of = _pro manko de_. For what reason = _kial; pro kio_. Formerly = _antaŭe_. Fortnightly = _(ĉiu)dusemajne; (ĉiu)duonmonate_. Forwards = _antaŭen!_ Frequently = _ofte; multfoje_. From = _de_; (in sense of "out of" = _el_); (cause = _pro_). From above = _de supre; el supre_. From among, amongst = _de inter, el inter_. From another cause = _alikaŭze_. From another quarter = _de aliloke; de aliparte_. From day to day = _tagon post tago; de tago al tago_. From inside = _el interne_. From now = _de nun_. From outside = _el ekstere; de ekster (la domo)_. From the time when = _de la tempo, kiam_. From time to time = _de tempo al tempo_. From top to bottom = _de supra ĝis fundo; de supre malsupren_. From under = _de sub; el sub_. From within the = _de en la; el interne de la_. From without the = _de ekster la_. Full of = _plena de_. Further = _plie; plu_. Furthermore = _plie; krom tio_.

Generally = _plejofte; ĝenerale; ordinare; kutime_. Good-bye = _adiaŭ_. Good enough = _sufiĉe bona_.

Half ... half = _duone ... duone_. Hardly = _apenaŭ; preskaŭ ne_. Hence = (cause) _tial; pro tio; kaŭze de tio;_ (time) _de nun; post;_ (place) _de ĉi tie_. Henceforth = _de nun_. Here = _jen; ĉi tie_. Here is (or, are) = _jen estas_. Here and there = _(ĉi) tie kaj tie; tie aŭ aliloke; diversloke; dise_. Hereafter = _de nun; estontece_. Herewith = _per ĉi tio; ĉi tie aldonita (enfermita); ĉi kune_. High up = _alte supre_. Hither = _ĉi tien; tien ĉi; pli proksima_. Hither and thither = _ĉi tien kaj tien, tien-reen_. Hitherto = _ĝis nun_. Hour by hour = _horon post horo_. Hourly = _ĉiuhore_. How = _kiel; kiamaniere_. How long = _ĝis kiam_. How many (much) = _kiom; kiom da_. However = _kiel ajn; tamen_. However little = _kiel ajn malmulte_. However many (much) = _kiom ajn_.

Identically = _idente; precize same; tute same; ĝuste_. If = _se_. If ever (at any time) = _se iam_. If however = _se tamen_. If not = _se ne_. If only = _se nur_. If perchance = _se okaze_. If so = _se tiel; se tio estas; se jes; se vere_. If still = _se ankoraŭ_. If then (therefore) = _se do;_ (time) _se tiam_. If though = _se tamen_. Immediately = _tuj_. Immediately after = _tuj post; tuj kiam; tuj poste_. Immediately when = _tuj kiam_. In = _en; laŭ; post_, etc., according to sense. In a few days = _post kelkaj_ (or, _nemultaj_) _tagoj_. In a few weeks = _post kelkaj_ (or, _nemultaj_) _semajnoj_. In a few words = _per kelkaj_ (or, _nemultaj_) _vortoj; kelkvorte_. In a great measure = _grandamezure_. In a little while = _post iom da tempo; post kelka (kelke da) tempo; post nelonge_. In a short time = _post mallonga (nelonga) tempo; baldaŭ_. In a word = _per unu vorto; unuvorte_. In accordance with = _laŭ; konforme al (je); en konsento kun_. In addition to = _aldone al; plie; krom_. In all cases = _ĉiuokaze_. In all particulars = _ĉiudetale_. In all respects = _ĉiel; ĉiumaniere; en ĉiu rilato; ĉiurilate_. In all sorts of ways = _ĉiel; ĉiumaniere_. In another manner, way = _alimaniere_. In answer to = _responde je; responde al_. In any case = _ĉiaokaze; ĉiusupoze; en ĉiu okazo_. In any other way = _alie ajn; alimaniere ajn_. In any place = _(k)ie ajn; ĉie_. In any way = _(k)iel ajn; ĉiel_. In bad condition = _malbonstate_. In breadth = _laŭlarĝe_. In case = _en la okazo, ke_; or, _se_. In case of = _en okazo de_. In comparison with = _kompare kun; en komparo kun_. In conclusion = _fine; laste; finante_. In conformity with = _konforme kun_ (or, _je_); _laŭ_. In consequence = _sekve; rezulte; sekve (de tio)_ (of that). In consequence of which = _sekve de kio_. In countenance (likeness) = _vizaĝe_. In countenance (unabashed) = _senhonte_. In course of = _en la daŭro (irado) de; dum_. In course of time = _en la daŭro de tempo_. In defiance (of) = _spite (de)_. In due course = _siatempe; ĝiatempe; ĝustatempe; devtempe_. In effect = _en la efektiveco; efektive; (laŭ)esence_. In every case = _ĉiuokaze_. In every manner (or, way) = _ĉiel; ĉiumaniere_. In excess = _troe_. In fact = _efektive; fakte; ja_. In favour of = _por_. In form = _forme_. In front = _antaŭe_. In front of = _antaŭ_. In good condition = _bonstate_. In good time = _ĝustatempe; akurate_. In harmony with = _harmonie kun; akorde kun; (inter)konsente kun; konforme al_. In large quantities = _grandanombre; grandakvante; pogrande_. In length = _laŭlonge_. In lieu of = _anstataŭ_. In my opinion = _miaopinie; laŭ mia opinio_. In no other way = _ne alie; per neniu alia rimedo_. In no way, not in any way = _neniel_. In no way whatever = _tute neniel; ne niel ajn_. In number = _nombre_. In order = _laŭ ordo; laŭvice_. In order that = _por ke_ (with imperative). In order to = _por_ (with infinitive). In other respects = _en aliaj rilatoj; alirilate_. In other words = _alivorte; alidire_. In particular = _precipe; aparte_. In point of fact = _fakte; efektive_. In reality = _efektive; en realeco_. In regard to = _rilate al_; or, _rilate_ (with accusative). In relation to = _rilate al_; to be in relation to = _rilati al_. In reply to = _responde je (al); respondante_. In rotation = _vice; laŭvice; laŭ vico_. In shape of = _forme de_. In short = _mallonge; malmultavorte_. In so many words = _per tiom da vortoj_. In so much = _tial, ke_; or, _tiom, ke_. In some cases = _en kelkaj okazoj_; or, _iaokaze_. In some degree = _ĝis ia grado; iagrade; iom_. In some manner = _iamaniere; iel_. In some other way = _laŭ iu alia maniero; alimaniere_. In some respects = _en kelkaj rilatoj; kelkrilate_. In some way = _iel_. In spite of = (notwithstanding) _malgraŭ_; (in defiance of) _spite de_. In spite of everything = _malgraŭ ĉio_. In succession = _vice; intersekve_. In such a case = _tiaokaze; en tia okazo_. In such a degree = _en tia grado; tiagrade_. In such a manner = _tiamaniere; tiel_. In such a manner that = _tiamaniere, ke; tiel, ke_. In that case = _tiuokaze; tiusupoze_. In that way = _tiel; tiumaniere; tiel_. In the afternoon = _posttagmeze_. In the best way = _per la plej bona metodo_. In the evening = _vespere; en la vespero_. In the event of = _se okaze; en la okazo, ke_. In the former case = _en tiu okazo; en la unua okazo_. In the latter case = _en ĉi tiu okazo; en la dua okazo_. In the least = _plej malmulte; iomete_. In the main = _plej; plejmulte; principe_. In the meantime = _intertempe; dume_. In the midst = _meze (de)_. In the morning = _matene; matenon; en la mateno_. In the proportion of = _proporcie je_. In the same proportion = _samproporcie_. In the same way = _sammaniere; per la sama metodo; same_. In the same way as = _same, kiel_. In the space of = _en la daŭro de; dum_ (time); _en la interspaco de_ (distance). In this respect = _pri ĉi tio; rilate al ĉi tio; rilate ĉi tion_. In time = _ĝustatempe; akurate_. In turn = _vice; laŭvice; laŭ vico_. In vain = _vane; senfrukte_. In what manner (or, way) = _kiel_. In whatever manner = _kiel ajn_. In width = _laŭlarĝe_. Inasmuch as = _ĉar; tial, ke_. Incidentally = _okaze; flanke_. Indeed = _ja; efektive_. Inevitably, infallibly = _nepre_. Inside = _en; interne de_. Inside out = _el interne; kun la interno ekstere_. Insomuch as = _tial, ke; tiom, ke_. Instead of = _anstataŭ_. Internally = _interne_. Into = _en_ (with accusative). Inwardly = _interne_. Is it not so? = _ĉu ne vere_? or, _ne vere_? or, _ĉu ne_? It is a pity = _estas domaĝe_. It is so = _jes; ja jes; tiel estas_. It may be = _eble; verŝajne; povas esti; estas kredeble_.

Jointly = _kune_. Just = _ĵus; ĝuste; tuj; nur; tute, same_, etc. Just as = _ĝuste kiam_ (time); _same kiel; ĝuste kiel_ (comparison). Just as ... so = _same kiel ... tiel_. Just as if = _ĝuste kvazaŭ; tute kvazaŭ_. Just as well as = _egale bone, kiel_. Just in time = _ĝustatempe_. Just in the same way as = _tute same, kiel_. Just now = _ĵus; tuj; nuntempe; en la nuna tempo_.

Last but one = _antaŭlasta_. Last night = _hieraŭ vespere; en la estinta (pasinta, hieraŭa) nokto_. Last Tuesday = _la lastan (pasintan) mardon_. Last Tuesday week = _la antaŭlastan mardon_. Last week = _la lastan semajnon_. Lastly = _fine; laste_. Lately = _antaŭ ne longe; en la lasta tempo_. Later on = _pli poste_. Least = _malplej_. Lengthways = _laŭlonge_. Less = _malpli_. Less and less = _malpli kaj malpli_. Less ... than = _malpli ... ol_. Lest = _timante ke; ke ... ne; por ke ... ne_. Like = _kiel; simil-e-a al; kvazaŭ_. Like that = _tiel; tiele; tiamaniere; simil-e-a al tio (tiu)_. Likewise = _ankaŭ; simile_. Little, a = _iom (da); ne multe (da); malmulte (da)_. Little by little = _iom post iom_. Long = _longe_. Long ago (since) = _de longe_; or, _jam de longe_. Long time, for a = _longe_. Long time afterwards = _longatempe poste_.

Many, many a = _multe da_. Many more of them = _multe pli multe da ili_. Many times = _multfoje_. Meantime, meanwhile = _dume; en la intertempo; atendante_. Merely = _nure; pure; nur; sole_. Moment ago, a = _antaŭ momento; ĵus_. Monthly = _ĉiumonate_. More = _pli; pli multe; ankoraŭ; plu_ (further). More (of something) = _pli da_. More and more = _pli kaj pli_. More or less = _pli aŭ malpli_; or, _pli-malpli_. More ... than = _pli ... ol_. Moreover = _plie; krom tio_. Most = _plej; la pleje; plej granda nombro (da); la plejmulto (da)_. Most often = _plejofte; pleje_. Mostly = _plej; pleje; plej multe_. Much = _multo; multe da_. Much more = _multe pli multe; multe pli_.

Namely = _nome; tio estas_, or, _t.e._ Nay = _ne_. Near (to) = _apud; proksime (de); proksime_. Nearest, the = _la plej proksima_. Nearly = _preskaŭ_. Neither = _nek_. Neither ... nor = _nek ... nek_. Never = _neniam_. Nevermore = _neniam plu_. Never mind = _ne ĝenu vin; ne (estas) grave; nenio grava_. Nevertheless = _tamen_. Next = _apuda; proksima; sekvanta; baldaŭa_. Next day = _la morgaŭan (postan) tagon; en la sekvanta tago_. Next Sunday = _la proksiman (venontan) dimanĉon_. Next time = _la proksiman fojon, kiam; kiam denove_. Next week = _la proksiman semajnon; en la proksima semajno_. Night after night = _nokton post nokto_. Nightly = _ĉiunokte; nokta_ (adj.). No = _ne_. No doubt = _sendube_. No farther (further) = _ne plu_. No longer = _jam ne; ne plu_. No matter = _ne malhelpas; negrave; ne gravas_. No matter (whether) = _tute egale (ĉu)_. No more than = _ne pli, ol; ne pli multe, ol_. No one's = _nenies_. No one else = _neniu alia_. No quantity = _neniom_. No sooner than = _tuj kiam_. No use = _senutile; senutila_. Nobody's = _nenies_. Nohow = _neniel_. None = _neniom; nenia; nenio; neniu_. Nor = _nek_. Nor ... also (either) (too) = _nek ... ankaŭ_. Not = _ne_. Not altogether (entire) = _ne tute_. Not any = neniom; _ne ... iom; neniu_. Not at all = _tute ne; neniel_. Not in the least = _neniel; tute ne_. Not long ago (since) = _antaŭ nelonge; antaŭ nelonga tempo; freŝ(dat)e_. Not long afterwards = _ne longe poste; post nelonge; baldaŭ poste_. Not many (much) = _nemulte (da)_. Not more than = _ne pli, ol_. Not only = _ne nur; ne sole_. Not till after that = _ne pli frue, ol post tio; nur poste; ne ĝis poste_. Not yet = _ankoraŭ ne; ne ĝis nun_. Nothing = _nenio_. Nothing at all = _neniom (ajn)_. Nothing more = _nenio pli (plu)_. Notwithstanding = _tamen; malgraŭ_. Notwithstanding all that = _malgraŭ ĉio_. Notwithstanding that = _malgraŭ (tio), ke_. Now = _nun; nune_. Now ... now = _jen ... jen_. Now and then = _iafoje; okaze; de tempo al tempo_. Nowadays = _nuntempe_. Nowhere, not anywhere = _nenie_.

Of = _da; de; el; en; inter; pri_, etc., according to sense. Of course = _kompreneble_. Of late = _en la lasta tempo; de mallonga tempo_. Off = _for de; de_. Often = _ofte; multfoje_. On = _de; en; por; sur_, etc., according to sense. On account of = _kaŭze de; pro_. On arrival = _alvenante; alveninte; ĉe alveno_. On behalf of = _por; por la profito de_. On condition that = _kondiĉe, ke_; or, _kun la kondiĉo, ke_. On consideration = _konsiderinte; pripensinte_. On every occasion = _en ĉiu okazo; ĉiuokaze_. On first thoughts = _ekpensinte; unuapense_. On (for) hire = _luebla; luata_. On loan = _prunte_. On my account = _por mi_ (for my sake); _pro mi_ (because of me). On my part = _miaflanke; de mia flanko; miaparte_. On no account = _nenial_. On one's own account = _pro (por) si mem_. On purpose = _intence; cele_. On sale = _vendata; vendebla_. On second thoughts = _post plua konsiderado; duapense_. On that = _ĉe tio_. On that account = _pro tio; tial_. On the contrary = _kontraŭe; male; inverse_. On the day = _en la tago; la tagon_. On the other hand = _aliflanke; aliparte_. On the other side of = _trans; aliflanke de_. On the supposition that = _supoze, ke_. On the part of = _flanke de_. On the way = _en (sur) la vojo; survoje_. On the whole = _entute_. On this = _ĉe tio (ĉi)_. On this account = _pro ĉi tio; (ĉi) tial_. On view = _elmontrata_. Once = _foje; iam_ (sometime), _unufoje_ (once); _unu fojon_ (one time, on one occasion). Once a week = _unu fojon semajne (en semajno)_. Once again = _denove; ankoraŭ unu fojon_. Once for all = _unufoje por ĉiam; unu fojon por ĉiam_. Once in a way = _por unu fojo; okaze_. Once more = _bis; denove; ree; ankoraŭ unufoje (unu fojon)_. Once upon a time = _iam; foje_. Once when = _foje, kiam_. One = _unu_. One after another = _unu post (la) ilia_. One and the other = _ambaŭ_. One another = _unu la alian; sin reciproke_. One at a time = _unuope_. One by one = _unu post unu; unuope_. One day = _iam; en unu tago; foje; unu tagon_. One day when = _foje kiam; iam, kiam; en unu tago, kiam_. One or other of them = _unu aŭ alia el ili_. One to another = _unu al alia_. Only = _nur; sed_ (but); _sole; sola_. Only just = _apenaŭ, preskaŭ ne_. Opposite to = _kontraŭ_. Or = _aŭ; alie_. Other = _alia_. Other kinds = _alispecoj_; or, _aliaj specoj_. Other than = _krom; alia ol_. Others, the = _la aliaj_; (the rest remaining = _la ceteraj_). Otherwise = _alie; se ne; alimaniere; en alia okazo_. Out of = _el_. Out of date = _malnovmoda; ne laŭ modo; ne laŭmoda_. Out of order = _malorda; malordigita; ekstervise_. Out of place = _ne ĝustaloke_. Out of print = _elvendita_ (sold out); _elĉerpita_ (exhausted). Outside = _ekster; ekstere de_. Over = _super; pli ol_. Over against = _kontraŭ_. Over and above = _pli ol; troe_. Overlooking = _kontraŭ; rigardante sur_. Owing to = _kaŭze de; pro; dank'al; ŝuldata al; pere de_.

Particular = _aparta; speciala_. Particularly = _precipe; aparte_. Per, _see_ "A." Possibly = _eble_. Post free = _afrankite_. Precisely = _ĝuste; precize_. Precisely the same as = _tute same, kiel_. Presently = _baldaŭ; tuj; post iom da tempo_. Probably = _kredeble; verŝajne; probable_. Promptly = _rapide; tuj; akurate; baldaŭ_. Provided that = _se nur; kondiĉe, ke_. Putting aside the question = _lasante flanke la demandon_.

Quite = _tute_. Quite at home = _tute hejme; komforta_. Quite right = _tute prava; tute ĝusta_.

Rarely = _malofte_. Rather = _plivole; prefere; iom_. Readily = _volonte; preteme; facile_. Recently = _antaŭ nelonge; freŝe_. Regarding, respecting, re = _pri; rilate al_. Relative to = _rilate al; pri_. Rest, the (those remaining) = _la ceteraj_. Right through = _trae; tute tra; tra la tuta_. Round = _ĉirkaŭ; ronde_. Round about = _ĉirkaŭe; ĉirkaŭen_.

Save, saving = _krom_. Save one = _krom unu_. Scarcely = _apenaŭ_. Secondly = _due_. Seeing that = _tial, ke; vidante, ke; konsiderinte, ke_. Seldom = _malofte_. Self, selves = _mem; si; sin_. Several = _diversaj; kelkaj_. Several times = _kelkajn fojojn; diversfoje_. Short time, a = _mallongatempe_. Short time afterwards, a = _baldaŭ poste_. Short time ago, a = _antaŭ nelonge_. Shortly = _mallonge; baldaŭ; lakone; abrupte_. Shortly afterwards = _iom poste; baldaŭ poste_. Since = _ĉar; tial, ke; pro tio, ke; de; de la tempo, kiam; de kiam; de tiam; de tiu tempo_. Since then = _de tiu tempo; de tiam; de post_. Spite of = _malgraŭ_. So = _tial; do; tiel; tiamaniere_. So and so = _tia kaj tia_; Mr. So-and-so = S-ro Ajnulo. So as to = _por ke; tiel, ke; tiamaniere, ke_. So far as = _ĝis_. So far, so good = _ĝis tie, bone_. So many (much) = _tiom_. So many (much) that = _tiom, ke_. So much so = _tiel; tiom_. So much so that = _tiel, ke; tiom, ke_. So much the better = _des pli bone; tiom pli bone_. So much the more = _tiom pli_. So much the worse = _des pli malbone; tiom pli malbone_. So that = _por ke; tiamaniere, ke; tiel, ke_. So to say = _tiel diri_. Some = _iom; kelke; kelke da; kelkaj; unuj; iuj; iaj_. Some days ago = _antaŭ kelkaj tagoj_. Some manner, in = _iel_. Some of = _iom da; kelke da_. Some one's = _ies_. Some ... or other = _ia_. Some other = _ia alia; iu alia_. Some quantity = _iom_. Some time, at = _iatempe; iam_. Some time ago = _antaŭ kelka tempo_. Some way, in = _iel_. Somebody, some one = _iu_. Somebody else = _iu alia_. Somebody's = _ies_. Somehow = _iel; iamaniere_. Something = _io_. Something else = _io alia; alio_. Something of that kind = _io tiuspeca; io tia_. Some time, at = _iam_. Sometimes = _kelkafoje_. Sometimes ... at other times = _jen ... jen_. Somewhat = _iom_. Somewhat later = _iom poste_. Somewhere = _ie_. Soon = _baldaŭ_. Soon afterwards = _baldaŭ poste_. Sooner or later = _pli-malpli baldaŭ; nepre_. Sooner than = _pli frue, ol_ (time); _plivole ol_ (rather than). Specially = _aparte; precipe; speciale_. Still = _ankoraŭ; ankoraŭ nun_. Still, if = _tamen, se_. Subsequently = _plue; poste_. Such = _tia; tiaj_. Such (a one), the like = _tiela; tielaj_. Such a one's = _ties_. Such and such = _tia kaj tia; tiu kaj tiu_. Such as = _tia, kia_. Such being the case = _en tiu okazo_. Such that = _tia, ke_. Suddenly = _subite_. Suffice it to say = _sufiĉas diri_. Suppose, supposing that = _supoze, ke; ni supozu, ke_. Surely = _certe; nepre_.

Taking into consideration that = _konsiderante, ke; ne forgesante, ke_. Than = _ol_. Thanks to (your advice) = _dank' al (via konsilo)_. That (conj.) = _ke_. That is = _(t.e.) tio estas; or, nome_. That is the reason = _jen kial; jen (estas) la kaŭzo; tio estas la kaŭzo_. That is why = _tio estas, kial; jen kial_. That one's = _ties_. The day after (following), the next day = _la morgaŭan (proksiman, sekvantan, postan) tagon_. The day after to-morrow = _postmorgaŭ_. The day before yesterday = _antaŭhieraŭ_. The day but one after = _la duan tagon poste_. The less ... the less = _ju malpli ... des malpli_. The less ... the more = _ju malpli ... des pli_. The more ... the less = _ju pli ... des malpli_. The more ... the more = _ju pli ... des pli_. The more so, as (that) = _des pli, ke_. The sooner the better = _ju pli baldaŭ (frue), des pli bone_. The time will come when = _venos la tempo, kiam_. Then = _do; tiam_; or, _tiam, kiam; poste; tiuokaze_. Then, when = _tiam, kiam_. Thence = _de tie; el tie_. There = _tie; tien_. There and back again = _tien kaj reen_. Thereabouts = _pli aŭ malpli; pli-malpli_. Therefore = _tial; sekve; do_. Thereupon = _post tio; sekve de tio; ĉe tio_. Thither = _tien_. This afternoon = _hodiaŭ posttagmeze_. This day week = _post sep tagoj; semajnon post hodiaŭ_. This evening = _hodiaŭ vespere_. This moment = _ĵus; tuj_. This morning = _hodiaŭ matene_. Though = _kvankam_. Through = _per; pro; tra_, etc., according to sense. Throughout = _tute tra_. Thus = _tiel_. Thus for example = _tiel ekzemple_. Till = _ĝis_. Time after time = _fojon post fojo; foje kaj ree_. To = _al; ĉe; ĝis; kun; por_, etc., according to sense. To a great extent = _grandamezure_. To and fro = _tien kaj reen_. To my surprise = _miasurprize_. To no purpose = _senefike; vane_. To no place = _nenien_. To some extent = _iom; en ia amplekso; iagrade_. To that effect = _en (laŭ) tiu senco_. To the effect that = _tiel, ke; por ke_. To the end that = _por ke_. To the full extent = _en tuta amplekso_. To the left = _maldekstren_. To the right = _dekstren_. To the same extent = _samamplekse; laŭ sama grado; samgrade_. To what extent = _laŭ kia mezuro; kiom_. To wit = _nome; tio estas_. To-day = _hodiaŭ_. Together = _kune_. Together with = _kune kun; kun_. To-morrow = _morgaŭ_. To-morrow afternoon = _morgaŭ posttagmeze_. To-morrow evening = _morgaŭ vespere_; or, _morgaŭ nokte_. To-morrow morning = _morgaŭ matene_. To-night = _hodiaŭ nokte_. Too = _ankaŭ; tro_. Too much = _tro_. Too many, much (of) = _tro da_. Touching = _pri; tuŝante; rilate al_. Towards = _al; kontraŭ_. Truly = _vere_. Twice = _dufoje_. Twice a day = _du fojojn en unu tago; dufoje ĉiutage_. Twice as large (much) = _duoble pli granda (multa)_.

Ultimately = _laste; fine; en la fino_. Under = _sub; sube_. Under any (all) circumstances = _ĉiuokaze_. Under consideration = _konsiderata_. Under no circumstances = _neniel; neniaokaze_. Under some circumstances = _iel; iaokaze_. Under such circumstances = _tiaokaze_. Under these circumstances = _tiuokaze_. Unless = _krom se; esceptinte, ke; se ... ne_. Until = _ĝis; ĝis kiam; ĝis la tempo, kiam_. Until late at night = _ĝis profunda nokto_. Until now = _ĝisnune; ĝis nun_. Until then = _ĝis tiam; ĝis tiu tempo_. Up = _supre; supren_. Up and down = _tien kaj reen; supren-malsupren_. Up to = _ĝis_ (if _up_ is implied by the context). Up to date = _ĝishodiaŭ-e-a; progresema; ĝisdat-e-a_. Up to now = _ĝisnune_. Up to then (that time) = _ĝis tiam; ĝistiama (adj.)_. Up to this = _ĝisnune_. Upon = _sur_. (To depend) upon = _(dependi) de_. Upon that = _ĉe tio_. Upon the whole = _entute_. Upon this = _ĉe tio (ĉi)_. Upon which = _ĉe kio_. Upside down = _kun la supro malsupre; renversite; kun la fundo supre_. Upstairs = _supre; supren_. Upwards = _supren_. Upwards of = _pli, ol_. Utterly = _tute; tutege; absolute_.

Verily = _vere_. Very = _tre_. Very seldom = _tre malofte_. Very soon = _tre baldaŭ_. Vice versa = _kontraŭe; inverse_. Virtually = _praktike; laŭintence_.

Weekly = _ĉiusemajne_. Well = _bone; nu!_ Well-nigh = _preskaŭ_. What = _kio; kia_. What else = _kia alia; kio alia_. What is to be done? = _kion fari?_ What matters it? = _Kiom gravas?_ Whatever = _kia ajn_. Whatever quantity = _kiom ajn_. When = _kiam_; or, _tiam, kiam_. Whence = _de kie_; or, _el kie_. Whencesoever = _de kie ajn_; or, _el kie ajn_. Whenever, whensoever = _kiam ajn; ĉiufoje kiam; ĉiun fojon kiam_. Where = _kie; kien_. Whereas = _kiam efektive; ĉar; tial ke; pro tio, ke_. Whereby = _per kio_. Wherefore = _kial_. Wherever, wheresoever = _kie ajn; kien ajn_. Wherein = _en kio_. Whereof = _pri kio; pri kiu; el kio_. Whereupon = _pro kio; sekve de kio; tuj post kio; ĉe kio_. Whether = _ĉu_. Whether ... or = _ĉu ... aŭ_. Whether ... whether = _ĉu ... ĉu_. Which = _kio; kiu_. Which of the two = _kiu el la du_. Whichever, whoever = _kiu ajn_. While, whilst = _dum; kiam efektive_. Whither = _kien_. Whithersoever = _kien ajn_. Whose = _kies_. Why = _kial; pro kio; por kio_. Willingly = _volonte_. With = _kiu; per; ĉe; el_, etc., according to sense. With a view to = _por ke; en la celo de_. With advantage = _profite; utile_. With difficulty = _malfacile_. With reference (regard, respect) to = _rilate al_; or, _pri_. With that object = _tiucele_. With the exception of = _kun escepto de; esceptinte; krom_. With the intention = _intencante; por_. Within = _en; interne_. Without = _ekster; krom; sen; ekstere_, etc., according to sense. Without any cause, reason = _sen ia kaŭzo; senkaŭze; nenial_. Without any exception = _sen ia escepto; tute senescepte_. Without cause, reason = _senkaŭze; nenial_. Without comparison = _senkompare_. Without contradiction = _senkontraŭdire_. Without doubt = _sendube_. Without exception = _senescepte_. Word for word = _laŭvorte_.

Year by year = _jaron post jaro_. Yearly = _ĉiujare_. Yes = _jes_. Yesterday = _hieraŭ_. Yesterday afternoon = _hieraŭ posttagmeze_. Yesterday evening = _hieraŭ vespere_. Yesterday morning = _hieraŭ matene_. Yet = _ankoraŭ; tamen_. Yonder = _tie; tien_.

HINTS TO LEARNERS.

These hints are principally for learners teaching themselves. Follow the advice of your instructor, if you have a good one.

(1). First study carefully the pronunciation (pars. 5-19).

(2). Learn, in the following order, Grammatical Terminations (par. 53); Suffixes and Prefixes (pars. 54, 55); Pronouns (pars. 126, 131); List of Prepositions (page 180); Correlative Words (par. 147); List of Primary Words (page 334); Use of the Accusative (pars. 65-68).

(3). Read _aloud_ daily some portion of the "Krestomatio," and Exercises on pages 259-315.

(4). Translate daily some portion of the "Krestomatio," or Kabe's "Unua Legolibro," into English, and then back into Esperanto, and compare. At first, translate the Esperanto fairly literally, so as to get a good idea of the usual order of words in Esperanto, and where it differs from English in construction. Afterwards translate into fluent English, and then back into Esperanto.

(5). Get readiness of expression by constantly asking yourself aloud questions, and then replying to them; by saying in Esperanto what you see when walking out, what you are doing, etc., as, "Now I must go to bed," "It is time to get up," "I must cross the street," "I wonder who lives there," etc., etc.

(6). Read anecdotes in the "Krestomatio," or in Kabe's "Unua Legolibro," and then try to repeat them, as if you were telling them to someone. Keep on repeating an anecdote until you can tell it as fluently in Esperanto as in English, but not necessarily in the exact words of the book.

(7). In writing, say aloud the sentences as you write them. Your ear will then often prevent errors.

(8). Write your diary in Esperanto.

(9). Read the _best_ authors, and mark in pencil any words or phrases which strike you as useful to remember. Write these in a notebook for future reference.

(10). Don't slavishly copy in your style any particular author. Note the good points in each, and remember that what is not easily understood is not good style, however correct it may be grammatically.

(11). After about a week's study, look out for recruits and teach them what you have learnt. In teaching others you teach yourself.

(12). When you read your daily newspaper, translate aloud a few sentences; that will give you facility of expression in many subjects.

(13). Always bear in mind the following:--

(_a_). Every letter and syllable is pronounced (par. 16).

(_b_). Do not clip or drag the vowels (pars. 8-10).

(_c_). The tonic accent is always on the last syllable but one (par. 17).

(_d_). Do not use the _compound_ forms of verbs unless necessary for the sense (pars. 167-170, 222-226).

(_e_). Remember that each preposition in Esperanto, except _je_, has a fixed meaning (pars. 250, 251).

(_f_). Note carefully the use of the accusative case (pars. 66-68).

(_g_). Avoid conundrums in the shape of long compound words of three or more different roots. A sentence in Esperanto is not a riddle!

INDEX

(_Numbers relate to paragraphs, unless otherwise stated_.)

Ablative Absolute, Not in Esperanto, 211_b_. Accent, 17, 19. ACCUSATIVE, 65-69. (1) Direct Object, 66. (2) O. Direction (Motion towards), 67, Ex. 12, 13. (3) Omitted Preposition, 68, Ex. 16; Duration of time, 68_b_; Price, weight, measure, 68_c_. (4) General remarks, 69. With adjectives, 36, 69_a_, 108, 110. With adverbs, 67_b_. With nouns, 109. With verb omitted, 64_a_, 105. ACTION, commencement of, 216_b_. Continuation of, 216_a_. Just happened, 225. Soon to happen, 225, 229. Aĉ, 270, Ex. 19. Ad, 270 (1), Ex. 19. ADJECTIVES, 107-114. Adverbs used for, 245, 269_a_. Case of, 108, 110. Classes of, 108. Comparison, 112. Degree of intensity, 114. Numeral, 116. Participial, 111, 209_b_, 213. Place of, 84. Possessive sense, 106_c_. Predicative, 36, 69_a_, 77, 108_b_. Qualifying, 36, 69_a_, 108_a_. Superlative, 113. Use in compound words, 106_c_. ADVERBS, 238-248, Ex. 3, 43. Accusative case, 67_b_. Classes of, 242. Comparison, 248. Followed by word in accusative, 247. From prepositions, 244. Instead of prepositional phrase, 252. List of, 248_b_. No influence on case, 243. Numeral, 117. Of quantity followed by da, 246. Participial, 209_c_, 245_a_. Place of, 87-88, 241. Used for adjectives, 245, 269_a_. Advice to the Learner, page 363. _Affect_, Ex. 41. Affirmation, 63-64, page 317. Affixes, See _Prefixes, Suffixes_. Ajn, 158 (_c-e_). Aĵ, 271, Ex. 20, Agreement of adjective and noun, 69_a_, 108, 110. Al, 259 (1). Alphabet, Esperanto, 1-4. An, 272, 278_c_ (1), Ex. 21. Ankoraŭ, pages 167, 170-171. Anstataŭ, 259 (2). Antaŭ, 259 (3). Antaŭ ol, pages 188, 220. _Any_ (= _any whatever_), 158_d_, (= _some_), 158_c_. _Appear,_ Ex. 40. Apposition, 69 (_c-d_). Apud, 259 (4). Ar, 273, Ex. 22. ARTICLES, 96-102. _A, an,_ 96. _The,_ 97-101. See "La." _At,_ 261_a_. Aŭ ... aŭ, page 220.

Bo, 286, Ex. 25. _Bring,_ Ex. 41. _By_, 261_b_.

_Can, could_, 237 (_f, l_), Ex. 42. Capitals, Use of, 70. Cardinal numerals, 115. Case, See "accusative," "nominative." Collective numerals, 121. Combinations of consonants 11-15; of vowels, 10. Comparison of adjectives, 112; of adverbs, 248: Ex. 4. COMPLEMENT: Circumstantial, 32, 80. Direct, 29, 30, 66, 78. Indirect, 31, 79; Accusative for, 251, 253; Adverb for, 239, 252. Compound tenses, 169, 195, 222-226. Compound words, 39_c_, 46, 49, 106_c_. Conditional Mood, See "Moods." Congresses, International, page viii. Conjugation: esti, 167; active verb 168-169; Reflexive verb, 170. CONJUNCTIONS and Conjunctive Adverbs, 262-268, Ex. 43. Case after, 105, 266. Co-ordinating, 264. List of, 268_a_. No influence on mood, 171, 263. Omission of, 267. Subordinating, 265. Consonants, 7. Contents, List of, page xxv. Conversation, pages 324-328. CORRELATIVES, 139-158. Ex. 10, 11. Initial and terminal letters, 141. Parts of speech, 140. Series beginning with i, 158 (_c-d_). Series ending with a, 149; al, 150, 158_a_; am, 151; e, 152; el, 153, 158_a_; es, 154; o, 155, 158_b_; om, 156; u, 157, 158_b_. Correspondence, pages 329-333. Titles and addresses, 283. Countries, names of, 278_c_.

Ĉe, 259 (5). Ĉef, 272 (_g_). Ĉi, 143. Ĉirkaŭ, 259 (6). Ĉj, 274, Ex. 23. Ĉu, 58, 63-64, 91, 170.

Da, 259 (7). De, 259 (8), 287, Ex. 31 Definitions, 20-39. Dev, 237_a_, Ex. 42. Direct complement, 29-30, 66, 78. Dis, 287, Ex. 31. Distributive numerals, 123. _Do_, _did_, 217, 237_j_, Ex. 38. Dum, 259 (9). Duon, 120, 286, Ex. 25.

Ebl, 275, Ex. 24. Ec, 271, Ex. 20. Edz, 276, Ex. 25, 44. _Effect_, Ex. 41. Eg, 114, 277, Ex. 26. Ej, 278, Ex. 27. Ek, 288, Ex. 19, 32. El, 259 (12). Elision, 56-57. Ellipsis, 58_a_, 64_a_, 105, 237_m_. Em, 275, Ex. 24. Emphasis: (order of words) 76, 84_a_, 87-88; (ja), 217. En, 259 (12). Er, 273, Ex. 22. "Espero, La," pages xxii, xxiii. Est, 163, 167, 234. Estr, 272, Ex. 21. Et, 52_b_, 114, 277, Ex. 26. Exercises and Translations, pages 259-316. Expressions, Useful, pages 340-362.

Fi, 270, Ex. 19. Foj, 122. For, 287, Ex. 31. _For_, 261_c_. Foreign words, 39_d_, 52. Formation of words, 39_c_, 40-50, 106_c_. Fractional numerals, 120. _From_, 261_d_. Fuŝ, 270.

Ge, 286, Ex. 25. _Get_, 237_k_, Ex. 39. _Give_, Ex. 41. GRAMMAR, 94. Adjectives, 107-114. Adverbs, 238-248. Article, 96-102. Commentary, 95-290. Conjunctions, 262-268. Interjections, 269. Nouns, 103-106. Parts of speech, 95. Prepositions, 249-261. Pronouns, 125-157. Rules, 94. Verbs, 159-237. GRAMMATICAL TERMINATIONS: Explanations, 40-42. List of, 53. Of verbs, 160.

Ĝis, 259 (13).

_Have_, Ex. 40. Hints to learners, page 363.

Id, 279, Ex. 25. Ig, 280, Ex. 28. Iĝ, 280, Ex. 28. Il, 281, Ex. 29. Imperative mood, See "Moods." Imperative phrases, pages 320-321. Impersonal verbs, 129, 164. In, 282, Ex. 25. _In_, 261_e_. Ind, 275, Ex. 24. Indicative mood, See "Moods." Indirect complement, 31, 79. Infinitive mood, See "Moods." Ing, 278, Ex. 27. Inter, 259 (14). Interjections and Exclamations, 269. Interrogation, 58-64, 91, 170, pages 318-320. Ism, 52_b_, 293. Ist, 272, Ex. 21.

Ja, 217, page 170. Jam, page 170, par. 226_a_. Je, 251, 259 (15), Ex. 16. Jes, 63, 64. Ju ... des, 112_d_, page 171.

Ĵus, 225, page 171.

Kaj ... kaj, Page 222. Ke, page 223; Ke ne, 63; Ke ... u, 200, por ke ... u, 201. _Know_, 237_c_, Ex. 40. Kon, sci, 237_c_, Ex. 40. Kontraŭ, 259 (16). Krom, 177, 179, 259 (17). Kun, 259 (18). Kuŝ, 237 (_b_).

LA, 97-102. Before numeral adjectives, 101. Before proper names, 99_b_. English and Esperanto uses compared, 99. Instead of possessive pronoun, 100. Invariable, 97. Optional use, 101_a_. Land-names, 278_c_. Las, 237_d_, Ex. 36, 41. Laŭ, 259 (19). League of Nations, page vii. _Leave_, Ex. 37. _Let_, Ex. 41. Letters, Names of, 4. Logical Tense, 220, 232.

Mal, 289, Ex. 33. Malgraŭ, 259 (20). Matrimony, Ex. 44. _May_, _might_, 237_m_, Ex. 42. Mem, 291. MOODS OF VERBS, 171-202. Conditional, 190-194; after se, 193; to soften an expression, 194. English and Esperanto compared, 171. How to determine, 172. Imperative, 195-202; after por ke, 201. Indicative, 171_a_, 186-189; when obligatory, 189. Infinitive, 173-185; as a noun, 181; place of, 82; prepositions used with, 177; ebla instead of, 275_c_; used for gerund, 182; used for participle or other mood, 184, 185; used generally without a preposition, 176; when another mood is used for, 183. Subjunctive, None in Esperanto, 171_b_. Moŝt, 283, Ex. 23. Multiple numerals, 119. _Must_, 237 (8), Ex. 42.

Ne, 59_a_, 289, Ex. 33. NEGATION, 59-62, page 318. Double, repeated, 60, 62. Place of negative, 59_a_, 92. Questions and answers, 64, 170. Nek ... nek, 59_c_, page 225. Nj, 274, Ex. 23. Nominative case, 104, 110. NOUNS, 103-106. Case, 105, 109, 110. Declension, 104. Elision of final O, 56, 57. Infinitive as noun, 180. Numeral, 118. Participial, 209_a_, 210. Place of, 83. Possessive case, 106. Predicative, 35, 109. NUMERALS, 115-124, Ex. 18. Cardinal, 115. Collective, 121. Distributive, 123. Fractional, 120. Multiple, 119. Ordinal adjectives, 116. Ordinal adverbs, 117. Reiterative, 122. Substantive (numeral nouns), 116.

Object of proposition, 28, 75. Obl, 284. _Of_, 261_f_. On, 284. _On_, 261_g_. Oni, onia, onin, 126. Op, 284. Order of words, 73-93. Ordinal numerals, 116-117. _Ought_, 237_p_, Ex. 42.

PARTICIPLES, 203-213, Ex. 17. Active, 160, 203, 222, 224, 226, 230, 231; Followed by accusative, 66_b_, 208. Adjectival, 111, 207, 209_b_; distinguished from simple adjectives, 213. Adverbial, 209_c_, 245_a_. Anta, distinguished from a, 213. Infinitive used for: In English, 185; In Esperanto, 184. Predicative, 209_b_. Passive, 160, 204, 233-236; not used with iĝi, 280_g_. Place of, 87. Terminations of, 203-204. Parts of speech, 95. Per, 259 (21). Pes, pez, 237_e_. Phrases, pages 317-323. Plej ... el, 113, 248, page 176. Pli aŭ malpli, and similar phrases, 246_a_. Pli ... ol, 112, 248, page 176. Plu, page 176. Plural, 103, 107, 115_f_, 142. Po, 259 (22). Por, 259 (23); por ke, 201. Possession, 106, 130-138. Possessive pronouns, See "Pronouns." Possessive sense of adjective, 106_b_. Post, 259. Pov, 237_f_, Ex. 42. Pra, 286, Ex. 25. Predicate, 24, 33. Predicative adjectives, 36, 69_a_, 77, 108_b_. Predicative nouns, 35, 109. PREFIXES, 286-290. Definition, 44. List of, 55. Order in combination, 45. PREPOSITIONS, 249-261, Ex. 14, 15. Adverb with, 258. As prefixes, 254, 259 (1-34). Case after, 255, 256. Classes of, 259. Definition, 249. Denoting movement, 257. List of, 259. Omission of, 68, 106_d_, 253, 258. Place of, 89. Prepositional expressions, 258. Relation to complement, 259. Replaced by adverb, 252. Replaced by participle, 212. Preter, 259 (25). Pri, 259 (26). PRIMARY WORDS, 51. Conversion into other parts of speech, 51. Definition, 39_a_. List of, pages 334-339. Pro, 259 (27). PRONOUNS, 125-157. Classes of, 125. Correlative, 140. Demonstrative, 143. Interrogative, 145. Personal, 126; with al, for possessive, 134_a_. Place of, 85. Possessive, 130-138, Ex. 5; la instead of, 100; sia, lia, etc., 135; omission of, 134; with or without la, 132. Reflexive, 128-138, Ex. 6; after participle or infinitive, 138_c_. Relative, 145. Pronunciation, 5-19. Proper names, accus. with, 69_d_. Proposition, 22. Punctuation, 71-2.

Qualifying adjectives, 36, 69_a_, 108_a_. Questions (affirmation, negation), 58-64, 91, 170.

Re, 290, Ex. 32. Reflexive pronouns, 128-138, Ex. 6, 138_c_. Reflexive verbs, 165, 170. Reiterative numerals, 122. Roots: definition of, 28; idea conveyed by, 50; modification of English spelling, 52; transitive, intransitive, 237_i_. Rules of Grammar, 94.

Sci, kon, 237_c_, Ex. 40. Se, pages 226-227, 168 (ĉu). Sen, 259 (28), 289, Ex. 33. _Shall_, _will_, 237_n_. _Should_, _would_, 237_o_, Ex. 42. Si, See "Reflexive Pronouns"; Possible non-use of, 138_d_. Sid, 237_g_. Similar words, Distinction of: Ex. 34-36. Sin, 291; sin trovi, 237_h_. _Some_, 158 (_c-e_). Spelling, modification of English, 52. Spite, 259 (29). Sub, 259 (30). Subject of proposition, 23, 25-26, 75; omitted, 27. Subjunctive Mood, None in Esperanto, 171_b_. Substantives, See "Nouns." Substantive Numerals, 118. SUFFIXES, 43, 270-285. List of, 54. Order in combination, 46. Super, 259 (31). Sur, 259 (32). Syntax, 20-36.

Telegrams, Alphabet for, 2. TENSES, 214-236. Future; Simple, 227-229; compound, 230_i_; used for present or subjunctive, 232. Names of, 215. Past: simple, 223; compound, 224; used for pluperfect, 226. Present: simple, 216; compound, 222; used for past or future, 219-221. Terminations, List of, 53. Thanks, Expressions of, Pages 321-322. Time of day, 124. Titles and addresses, 283. To, 261_b_. Tra, 259 (33). Trans, 259 (34). Transitive and intransitive roots, 237_i_. Turn, Ex. 37. Tuj, 225, page 179. Typewriting Esperanto, 3.

U.E.A., page vii. Uj, 278, Ex. 27. Ul, 272, Ex. 21. Um, 285, Ex. 30. Unu, Use of, 115_f_.

VERBS, 159-237. Auxiliary (esti), 163, 167, 234. Compound tenses, 169; Active Voice, Ex. 8; Passive Voice, Ex. 9; Less frequent than in English, 167, 195, 222-226. Conjugation: esti, 167; Active verb, 168-9; Reflexive verb, 170. Duration of action, 216, 225, 229. Ellipsis of, 58_a_, 64_a_, 66_c_, 237_m_. Impersonal, 164. Intransitive, 162, 237_i_. Moods, 171-202. Participles, 203-213. Place of, 86. Reflexive, 165, 170. Tenses, 214-236. Transitive, 66a, 161, 237_i_. Vic, 292. VOCABULARIES: Adverbs, 248_b_. Conjunctions and Conjunctive adverbs, 268_a_. Interjections and Exclamations, 269. Prepositions, 259. Primary words, pages 334-339. Useful words and expressions, pages 340-362. "Vojo, La," page xxiv. Vol, 237_n_, Ex. 42. Vowels, 8.

Weather, The, pages 322-323. _Will_, _shall_, 237_n_. _With_, 261_i_. Word-building, 40-50, 106_c_. _Would_, _should_, 237_o_, Ex. 42.

Printed in Great Britain by Billing and Sons Ltd., Guildford and Esher

Transcriber's notes:

Minor typographical errors and inconsistencies in the original have been silently corrected. In many places, ditto marks have been replaced with their intended text. Page boundaries have been recorded in comments in the html markup.

The following changes to the text have been made:

Location Original Emendation

Par. 29 accusative form-- -N in the accusative form -N in the singular, or-- -JN in the plural. singular, or -JN in the plural.

Par. 69 aŭ, rozojn belajn or, rozojn belajn

Footnote 19 seen from the following examples seen from the examples

Par. 261(i) Represented as under:-- Represented by:--

Exercise 36 (aŭ, personoj regataj) (or, personoj regataj)

Par. 147 at for all time for all time

The original book had a list of errata which have been applied to the text. In many cases these were simple corrections. But in places that would have required more extensive rewriting, the errata have been included as footnotes. This has resulted in some footnotes that contradict the main body of the text. For reference, the original errata list is included below.

Notes on the Current Edition of Cox's

"_ESPERANTO GRAMMAR AND COMMENTARY_"

As this edition is a photographic reprint of the last it has not been possible to introduce emendations or additions, and it is thought that the following notes will be helpful to students using the book.

(Figures refer to pages and lines, thus: "46/8" means "page 46, line 8". The letter "m" after a line number means "from bottom of page").

xxiii/4. Read "passing through the _world_".

xxiv/11. For "pri tempoj" read "pri l' tempoj".

33. Add prefix MIS-, denoting mis-, amiss, wrongly, erroneously.

37/18-20. The words "_Kiuj ... week_" should be transferred to par. (_c_).

37/8m. After "how much" insert "how many'th".

38/6 and 58/8. After "word" add "or words".

46/8. In the _Fundamento_, Zamenhof used capital letters to begin the names of months. In his mature style he also used capitals for nouns and adjectives of nationality, e.g. _Angla_, _Anglo_, _Dana_, _Franco_.

49/1m. For "Tiu" read "Tio".

53/19. The use here of the preposition _je_ is not recommended.

66. The second paragraph requires qualification. For "adjectives and adverbs" read "derived adjectives and adverbs": the principle dealt with in the paragraph applies to words consisting of roots _plus_ one or more grammatical endings. There are several words in Esperanto (e.g. _tra_, _tre_, _tro_, _la_, _je, po_) which are thus outside the principle as stated.

67/6. For "Tiu estas floro" read "Tio estas floro"

68. Section (_b_) is too strict. In practice the definite article is often used before proper names, and one can say (e.g.) _la Alpoj_, _la Mediteraneo_, etc.

69. In section (_b_) read "It is not _generally_ used".

72/7m. For "Tiu estas ... " read "Tio estas ... "

73/4. Replace "Ĉu tiu ĉi ... " by "Ĉu ĉi tio ... "

80. Section (_g_). This use of _unu_ is not recommended.

81/3m. For "kvaro da pikoj" read "kvaro pika", and for "seso da keroj" read "seso kera".

87/4. For "Tiu estas bela ... " read "Tio estas bela ... "

87/6. This use of _ĝi_ for a person is not recommended, and _li_ (or _tiu_) would be better in a case where there is doubt as to the sex.

96/11. For "Occasionally" read "Often". Zamenhof advised the placing of _ĉi_ normally before the demonstrative,--as in the example (_Ĉi tiu_) here given, and _ĉi tie_, _ĉi tien_ in the next paragraph.

101/2. "Mi ĵus ... " is preferable to "ĵus mi ... "

102/12m. For "Tagon" read "Iun tagon".

128/15. For "de du horoj" read "du horojn", and delete "from" in the next line.

140/8. For "plenaj je vivo" read "plenaj de vivo".

140/22. For "of speaking" read "spoken of".

165/6-8. For "more and more" read "in addition, besides". Delete "Malplie = Less and less" and "Malpleje = at (the) least, least", as these usages are seldom employed.

165/11. For "signifas" read "gravas".

170/5m. For "Mi jam ĝin ankoraŭ ... " read "Mi ĝin ankoraŭ ... "

175/7. For "He has nothing at all" read "He has none at all".

180. Delete the item "(Spite) ... " The expression "_in spite of_" is usually best translated by _malgraŭ_.

184/17. For "kaj tiam ... " read "kaj tuj poste ... "

184/20. For "kaj tiam kuris ... " read "kaj poste kuris ... "

187/16m. For "the preceding" read "this".

191/10. For "leĝoj" read "juro".

191/3m. For "da vortoj" read "de vortoj".

192/3m. For "de la breto" read "de sur la breto".

193/3 and 19. It is a question whether _dum_ can ever be correctly described as adverb: and the reference to Zamenhof's use of it as such is mistaken.

195/12m. For "en (or, el)" read "el". _En_ cannot be correctly used here.

197/20. For "vidas" read "vidis".

199/20. For "diversaj flankoj" read "diversajn flankojn". (Alternatively, replace "en" by "al" and retain the nominative case).

201/22. For "havas la tempon" read "havas tempon".

203/16. For "Tiu estas verko ... " read "Tio estas verko ... "

204. _Spite_ is not a preposition, but an adverb, and to translate the prepositional form "_in spite of_" it is usually better to use _malgraŭ_, as indicated above under the reference to p. 180. The expression _in defiance of_ can be suitably rendered by _spite_ followed by the accusative case (as shown in the footnote). In the Examples "ĉio" should be replaced by "ĉion" and "mia malamiko" by "mian malamikon".

206/4m. For "tiam" read "poste".

214/2. For "da vortoj" read "de vortoj".

216. Add _Kontraŭ_, as:--_Li batalis kontraŭ la malamiko_ = He fought with the enemy.

219/6m. and 8m. Better use _aliflanke_ for _on the other hand_.

233/8. For "armajo" read "armaĵo", and for "bovajo" read "bovaĵo".

233/15m. For "a good (action)" read "a good (action or thing)".

237/1m. For "lump" read "grain".

239/14m. Delete "serviceable": and replace "serviceableness" by "inclination to serve".

249/21. Delete this line. _Magistrato_ does not mean _a magistrate_: it means the local civic authority (e.g. a Borough or District Council).

251/7. Asterisk _amindumi_.

273/4m. For "sukereron" read "sukerpecon", and delete the footnote.

276/12. For "miaj protestoj" read "miajn protestojn" and for "ĉio" read "ĉion".

276/18. For "tiam" read "poste".

279/2m. For "miljoro" read "miljaro".

288/5m. "mia" is here preferable to "miaj". (See Zamenhof's _Ekzercaro_, par. 36).

290/5m. For "Tiu ĉi estis ..." read "Ĉi tio estis ..."

301/20. For "estas subtenita" read "estis subtenata".

304/1m. For "leteron" read "literon", and for "kiu" read "kaj tiu signo".

307/3m. For "el" read "pri".

311/10. For "unuenaskita" read "unuenaskito".

311/21. For "radika" read "radikala".

331/23. For "de ĉi tiu" read "de ĉi tio".

332/7. For "Kia lingvo estas?" read "Kia lingvo ĝi estas?"