Chapter 3

At midnight on November 6--seven hours before the German garrison of Tsing-tau surrendered, the central fort was captured by the Japanese, who took 200 prisoners. The Germans had made great efforts to repair their batteries, but the shell-fire from the Japanese guns was too heavy. After the central fort had fallen the Japanese captured at the point of the bayonet other forts and the strong field-works connecting them. It was stated that some 2300 German prisoners were taken when Tsing-tau surrendered. The German garrison, it is said, included four companies of seaman gunners, an equal force of Marines, some cavalry and field gunners, and a company of sappers. Probably the garrison increased after the war began, as Germans from all parts of China gathered at Tsing-tau for protection.

__________________________________________________________________________ 32--THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, NOV. 18, 1914.

Considering the amount of discussion--not to say, in some quarters, apprehension--to which the Zeppelins have given rise, singularly little has been heard of them so far during the war, and, apart from the Antwerp exploits, they have done practically no damage. On the other hand, several have been destroyed: the number has been variously estimated from two to six. One, said to be the "LZ10," was brought down in October at Grandvilliers, ten miles from Belfort. Our photographs show: (1) debris of the shattered framework; and (2) wreckage of the cars. Another Zeppelin was destroyed in October by the fire of Russian batteries near Warsaw, and its broken remains were taken to Petrograd to be examined. The British air-raid on Düsseldorf also accounted for one or possibly two.

__________________________________________________________________________ THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, NOV. 18, 1914--33

The ground occupied by the British troops on the banks of the Aisne consisted, in many places, of steep hill-sides or cliffs penetrated like a rabbit-warren with the workings of old stone-quarries. The officer who sends us the above interesting sketch writes: "This cave afforded shelter both from rain and 'Jack Johnsons' for several weeks to ----, a certain Highland regiment. The cave consisted of three long passages capable of holding a whole battalion. It had two entrances, one of which is shown in the sketch. It was dark and dirty, but with plenty of straw on the ground it made a fairly comfortable refuge. The sketch shows the part of the cave occupied by the officers and headquarters."--[Facsimile Sketch by a British Officer.]

__________________________________________________________________________ 34--THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, NOV. 18, 1914.

After the fall of Tsing-tau on November 7 the Admiralty cabled to the Japanese Minister of Marine: "The Board of Admiralty send their heartiest congratulations to the gallant Army and Navy of Japan on the prosperous and brilliant issue of the operations which have resulted in the fall of Tsing-tau." The Japanese began the blockade on August 27, occupying some neighbouring islands as a base. Mine-sweeping was the first task, and then, on September 18, the Japanese troops landed safely at Lao-shan Bay. They fought with great valour and suffered considerable losses. Their casualties up to November 6 were given as 200 killed and 878 wounded. In the final assault they had 14 officers wounded and 426 men killed and wounded. The number of Germans captured was 2300.--[Photo. by C.N.]

__________________________________________________________________________ THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, NOV. 18, 1914--35

In his telegram to the Japanese Minister of War after the capture of Tsing-tau, Lord Kitchener said: "Please accept my warmest congratulations on the success of the operations against Tsing-tau. Will you be so kind as to express my felicitations to the Japanese forces engaged? The British Army is proud to have been associated with its gallant Japanese comrades in this enterprise." The British force, under Brigadier-General N. Barnardiston, Commanding the Forces in North China, landed in Lao-shan Bay on September 24. Some Indian troops also took part in the fighting. The Emperor of Japan sent a message to the British force saying that he "deeply appreciates the brilliant deeds of the British Army and Navy co-operating with the Japanese."--[Photo. by C.N.]

__________________________________________________________________________ 36--THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, NOV. 18, 1914.

Our first photograph shows where the "Emden" met her fate after landing a party to destroy the wireless station, the pole of which is seen to the left centre of the photograph. The Cocos group are a British possession, and lie in the Indian Ocean, south-west of Sumatra. Our second photograph shows the "Emden," whose depredations have cost nearly two and a quarter millions sterling. She was a light cruiser of 3350 tons and 25 knots speed, carrying ten 41-inch guns. Captain Karl von Müller, the "Emden's" Captain, who carried out his enterprises with a fine spirit of chivalry and daring which we acknowledge, was a native of Blankenburg, in Brunswick, and was formerly a captain in the Hansa Line. He is a prisoner, unwounded, and keeps his sword.

__________________________________________________________________________ THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, NOV. 18, 1914--37

H.M.S. "Sydney" (No. 1) caught the commerce-raiding "Emden" at Keeling Cocos Island and forced a sharp action upon her, with the result that the German ship was driven ashore and burnt. The "Chatham" (No. 2) found the "Königsberg," the ship, it will be recalled, which attacked the "Pegasus," hiding in shoal water up the Rufigi River, German East Africa, with part of her crew entrenched on the banks. Unable to get at her, she bottled up the "Königsberg" by sinking colliers in the only navigable channel. The "Sydney" is a light cruiser of 5600 tons, launched, as was the "Chatham," in 1911. The "Chatham" was practically a sister ship of the "Sydney," but rather smaller, displacing 5400 tons, The "Emden" was of 3650 tons; the "Königsberg" displaced 3400 tons.--[Photos. by Symonds.]

__________________________________________________________________________ 38--THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, NOV. 18, 1914.

"In this quarter," says Eye-Witness of the fighting near Ypres on October 29, "we experienced ... the action of the 'minenwerfer,' or trench-mortar. This piece, though light enough to be wheeled by two men, throws a shell weighing 187 lbs. The spherical shell has a loose stem which is loaded into the bore and drops out in flight. It ranges about 350 yards at 45 deg. elevation. The shell is a thin-walled mine-shell containing a large charge and is intended to act with explosive effect, not splinter-effect." The diagram on the left shows one of the shells and its stem in their most up-to-date form; in the centre is the trench-mortar (its wheels off) with a shell in place; below this are three shells without their stems; on the right is a shell and its stem.

__________________________________________________________________________ THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, NOV. 18, 1914--39

The Germans, according to paragraphs from their newspapers reprinted here, sneer at the way London is guarding against hostile aircraft by mounting quick-firing guns and searchlights and putting out many street lamps. They are doing much the same themselves, however, in the cities nearest their western frontier. At Cologne, ever since August, there has been constant nervousness as to possible air-raids, and searchlights from elevated points in the city have swept the sky nightly, and machine-guns have been set up on tall buildings. At Düsseldorf when our airmen destroyed a Zeppelin, the aviators were fired at by machine-guns from all over the city. Our illustration shows German machine-guns in temporary use as anti-aircraft guns.--[Photo. by Photopress.]

__________________________________________________________________________ 40--THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, NOV. 18, 1914.

Among the French Colonial troops, the Senegalese have done excellent work, both on the Aisne and, more recently, in Belgium. Our photograph was taken near Pervyse, a village on the railway between Dixmunde and Nieuport, which has been the scene of many fierce encounters. In the Battle of the Aisne, when much night fighting took place, the Senegalese, it was reported, whose dark complexions rendered their faces less visible, proved very useful, and showed extraordinary daring. A favourite ruse was to send them forward at night, and when they had crawled near to the German lines, to turn powerful searchlights on the enemy, who, blinded by the glare, could not see whence the attack came. The Senegalese would then charge with the bayonet--[Photo. by Newspaper Illustrations.]

__________________________________________________________________________ THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, NOV. 18, 1914--41

Martial Law was officially proclaimed by the British authorities in Egypt on November 2, as the first and immediate result of the outbreak of hostilities with Turkey. For some time before that, however, the authorities had been taking precautionary measures in consequence of the ubiquity and restless activity of the horde of German secret agents and spies known to be busily at work, seeking to spread sedition and disaffection among the natives. To prevent the transmission of military and other intelligence to Constantinople by their emissaries, severe restrictions have had to be imposed along the land-frontiers and in particular at ports such as Alexandria, Port Said and Suez on all persons entering or leaving the country. All passports and credentials are subjected to a close scrutiny.--[Photo. by C.N.]

__________________________________________________________________________ 42--THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, NOV. 18, 1914.

On Sunday, November 15, that brave soldier Albert King of the Belgians was thirty-nine, and a solemn Mass was celebrated at Westminster Cathedral. Cardinal Bourne assisted at the service, and the ceremonial was of a most impressive and ornate character, gorgeous vestments, beautiful music, and the gleam of many lights combining to make a tout ensemble that suggested some great occasion of national thanksgiving, as, indeed, it was. Scarlet and green were the brilliant colour-notes of the function. The celebrant of the Mass was Mgr. Canon Moyes, other dignitaries taking part in the service. Amongst the congregation were the children of the King of the Belgians--Prince Leopold, Duc de Brabant; Prince Charles, Comte de Flandre; and Princess Marie-José, of all of whom we give portraits.--[Photo. by C.N.]

__________________________________________________________________________ THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, NOV. 18, 1914--43

The King recently presented the white goat shown in the above photograph to the 7th Battalion (Reserve) Royal Welsh Fusiliers, who, since they were raised, have been in training at Newtown, Montgomeryshire. The Welsh Fusiliers have always had a white goat as a mascot, drawn from the famous herd of Cashmere goats which also supplied the King's gift. The animal given by his Majesty to the new battalion was taken from Windsor to Newtown under escort, and was received at the station by two men of the 7th Royal Welsh Fusiliers, who stood with fixed bayonets. On the left in the photograph are Lady Magdalen Herbert, sister of the Earl of Powis, and the Earl's young daughter, Lady Hermione Herbert. On the right are Captains J.H. Addie and Oswald Davies.--[Photo. by Griffiths.]

__________________________________________________________________________ 44--THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, NOV. 18, 1914.

Nothing could give a better idea of shell-fire than the remarkable photograph here reproduced. It is a panoramic view of a German artillery bombardment of advancing infantry, and was taken in three sections, well within a hundred and fifty yards of some of the bursting shells. The locality of the battle is in the Argonne country between the Upper Aisne and the Meuse, where the French are having continuous and stiff fighting. Men of the French infantry keeping under cover in one of their advanced trenches are seen in the left foreground of the picture. The object of the actual fighting on the occasion was to keep apart the Third German army as it fell back towards prepared positions near the Meuse and a force of reinforcing troops coming up from the direction of Metz. "To impede the persistent advance of our ---- corps."

__________________________________________________________________________ THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, NOV. 18, 1914--45

writes a French correspondent on the spot, the enemy resisted vigorously and with his heavy artillery. He treated us to shells with a veritable prodigality, but without causing us very serious losses. In the forward movement, led by the ---- infantry regiment, on an important position that had to be taken, practically every soldier engaged was saluted by six shells. There was, though, no 'shyness' among our men. They laughed and joked with one another as they quitted the trenches to move forward over the open. By the evening the enemy's position had been taken." Both ordinary shrapnel and high-explosive 15-c.m. shells from the German heavy position-batteries of howitzers, which weapons the Germans prefer for such work, although they also use guns of the same calibre, are seen bursting in front of the French troops.

__________________________________________________________________________ 46--THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, NOV. 18, 1914.

Nieuport has been badly damaged by the German bombardment, and it is said that half the houses in it appear to have been struck by shells, yet that it has not been so utterly ruined as some of the surrounding villages. The worst loss as regards buildings at Nieuport has been the destruction of the church, which, as many photographs show well, has been almost completely demolished. It was a fine specimen of one of the few stone churches found in that part of the country, with twelfth-century Gothic windows. The walls and pillars stand bare, the roof has gone, and half the tower, whose bells lie buried on the ground amid the wreckage. Desultory fighting continued at Nieuport after the main German attack shifted south to Ypres.--[Photo. by C.N.]

__________________________________________________________________________ THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, NOV. 18, 1914--47

The inhabitants of those parts of France and Belgium which are still groaning under the German incubus are greatly to be pitied. Beyond the terrible agony inflicted by the invaders upon defenceless populations, in the form of executions and house-burnings and various forms of outrage, there is a great mass of less drastic but still intolerable misery to be borne by those unfortunate householders who are compelled to house and feed the soldiers of the enemy. Some idea of the nature of the infliction to which they are subjected can be gathered from such a drawing as that here reproduced. It shows some officers of the motor-corps of the Nineteenth German Army Corps asleep in a house upon which they have been billeted. The drawing is by a German artist.

__________________________________________________________________________ 48--THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, NOV. 18, 1914.

Much hard fighting on the Yser and elsewhere in West Flanders has fallen to the lot of the French bluejackets of the Naval Brigade, a strong force of whom were brought up from Brest to reinforce the Belgians in their defensive battles near the coast after the retreat from Antwerp. Attacking side by side with the British, they retook Ypres on October 13, and after that held Dixmude for weeks.

"The Kaiser," according to an American who was recently permitted to visit the Imperial headquarters in a "small city" on the Meuse, is a good deal altered in his appearance. "He wears a dirty green-grey uniform, and has an intense earnestness of expression that seemed to mirror the sternness of the times." He "lives in a little red-brick house such as one would rent in a London suburb for £50."

__________________________________________________________________________ THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, NOV. 18, 1914--III

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__________________________________________________________________________ THE ILLUSTRATED WAR NEWS, NOV. 18, 1914--IV

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